考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南昌影視傳播職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南昌影視傳播職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.填空題

Itdoesn’tmatterwhichroomafamilychoosestogatherin.Itcouldbeafavoritecomerofthekitchen,orawoodpaneledden.Whatdoes（

）isthattheychoosetobetogether.Foritisthesupport,thestrength,thebondsandtraditionsofthefamilythatgiveuswhatweallneedmostinlife.Allthesecanbefoundinagoodhome.Homeisthestagewherethedramaoflifeisplayed,theclassroomwherechildrenlearnright

（

）wrong,andtheplacewhereold-fashionedidealslikecourageandhonesty,respect

（

）

oneselfandothersarepassed

（

）

fromonegenerationtothe

（

）

.

Weareconcerned

（

）

theerosionofthesevaluesthatshouldbetaughtathome.Weseethegrowingproblemsofsociety—brokenhomes,crime,drugs,andjuveniledelinquency—andareshockedbythetraumatheyinflict

（

）

families,especiallychildren.Ourover-burdenedschoolscannolonger

（

）

theseproblemsconfrontingoursociety.Thereisonlyoneplacewherewecanregainthevaluesandintegritythatwill

（

）

theseills.Wemustturn

（

）

thehome—ourpieceoftheworld—theplacewhereitallbegins.

【答案】考查上下文語(yǔ)義。由前面的“Itdoesn’tmatterwhichroomafamilychoosestogatherin.”一個(gè)家庭選擇哪一個(gè)房間并不重要，可知填matter，此句意為：重要的是他們選擇在一起。

試題答案：matter

考查介詞搭配。from意為“（表示來(lái)源）來(lái)自……”，learnrightfromwrong意為“明白是非”。

試題答案：from

考查介詞搭配。respectfor意為“尊敬，尊重”。

試題答案：for

考查固定搭配。passdown意為“傳下來(lái)，傳承”。

試題答案：down

考查上下文語(yǔ)義。fromonegenerationtothenext意為“從一代到下一代”。

試題答案：next

考查介詞搭配。beconcernedaboutsth.意為“關(guān)心某事”。

試題答案：about

考查介詞搭配。inflicton意為“使……受痛苦”

試題答案：on

考查上下文語(yǔ)義。solveproblems意為“解決問(wèn)題”。

試題答案：solve

考查上下文語(yǔ)義。curetheseills意為“治療這些疾病”。此句意為：只有在一個(gè)地方，我們才能重獲價(jià)值和誠(chéng)信，才能治愈這些弊病。

試題答案：cure

考查介詞搭配。turnto意為“轉(zhuǎn)向”

試題答案：to

2.單選題

Theaveragenumberofauthorsonscientificpapersissky-rocketing.That'spartlybecauselabsarebigger,problemsaremorecomplicated,andmoredifferentsubspecialtiesareneeded.Butit'salsobecauseU.S.governmentagencieshavestartedtopromote"teamscience".Asphysicsdevelopedinthepost-worldWarIera,federalfundsbuiltexpensivenationalfacilities,andtheseservedassurfacesonwhichcollaborationscouldcrystallizenaturally.

Yetmultipleauthorship-howevergooditmaybeinotherways-presentsproblemsforjournalsandfortheinstitutionsinwhichtheseauthorswork.Forthejournals,longlistsofauthorarehardtodealwithinthemselves.Butthoselonglistsgiverisetomoreseriousquestionswhensomethinggoeswrongwiththepaper.Ifthereisresearchmisconduct,howshouldtheliabilitybeallocatedamongtheauthors?Ifthereisanhonestmistakeinonepartoftheworkbutnotinothers,howshouldanevaluatoraimhisorherreview?

Variouspracticalorimpracticalsuggestionshaveemergedduringthelong-standingdebateonthisissue.Oneisthateachauthorshouldprovide,andthejournalshouldthenpublish,anaccountofthatauthor'sparticularcontributiontothework.Butadifferentviewoftheproblem,andperhapsofthesolution,comesaswegettouniversitycommitteeonappointmentsandpromotions,whichiswheretheauthorshiprubberreallymeetstheroad.Halfalifetimeofinvolvementwiththisprocesshastaughtmehowmuchauthorshipmatters.Ihavewatchedcommitteesattemptingtodecodesequencesofnames,agonizeoverwhetheramuch-citedpaperwasreallythecandidate'sworkoracoauthors,andsendbackrecommendationsaskingformorespecificityaboutthedivisionofresponsibility.

Problemsofthiskindchangetheargument,supportingthecaseforaskingauthorstodefinetheirownroles.Afterall,ifqualityjudgmentsaboutindividualsaretobemadeonthebasisoftheirpersonalcontributions,thenthejudgesbetterknowwhattheydid.Butifquestionsariseaboutthevalidityoftheworkasawhole,whetheraschallengestoitsconductorasevaluationsofitsinfluenceinthefield,ateamisateam,andthemembersshouldsharethecreditortheblame.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thereisatendencythatscientificpapers（）.

2.Oneoftheproblemswithmultipleauthorshipisthatitishard（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,authorshipisimportantwhen（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whethermultipleauthorsofapapershouldbetakencollectivelyor

individuallydepends（）.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagecanbe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aregettingmorecomplicated

B.aredealingwithbiggerproblems

C.aremoreofaproductofteamwork

D.arefocusingmoreonnaturalthanonsocialsciences

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.toallocatetheresponsibilityifthepapergoeswrong

B.todecideonhowmuchcontributioneachreviewerhasmade

C.toassigntherolesthatthedifferentauthorsaretoplay

D.tocorrespondwiththeauthorswhenthereadersfeeltheneedto

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.practicalorimpracticalsuggestionsoftheauthorsareconsidered

B.appointmentsandpromotionsoftheauthorsareinvolved

C.evaluatorsneedtoreviewthepublicationoftheauthors

D.thepublicationoftheauthorshasbecomemuch-cited

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.whetherjudgmentsaremadeaboutthepaperoritsauthors

B.whetheritisthecreditortheblamethattheauthorsneedtoshare

C.howmanyauthorsareinvolvedinthepaper

D.wherethepaperhasbeenpublished

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.WritingScientificPapers:PublishorPerish

B.CollaborationandResponsibilityinWritingScientificPapers

C.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofTeamScience

D.MultipleAuthors,MultipleProblems

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一句指出了趨勢(shì):Theaveragenumberofauthorsonscientificpapersissky-rocketing(科學(xué)論文上發(fā)表論文的作者的平均數(shù)量急劇上升)。后面又指出:Butit'salsobecauseU.S.governmentagencieshavestartedtopromoteteamscience’(但是，這也是因?yàn)槊绹?guó)政府機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始推動(dòng)‘團(tuán)隊(duì)科學(xué)’)。由此可知，C項(xiàng)“更多的是團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的產(chǎn)物”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Butthoselonglistsgiverisetomoreseriousquestionswhensomethinggoeswrongwiththepaper(但是，當(dāng)論文出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的時(shí)候，這些長(zhǎng)名單會(huì)導(dǎo)致更嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題)。由此可知，多個(gè)作者共同執(zhí)筆，很難找出負(fù)責(zé)人，故選A項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:...aswegettouniversitycommitteeonappointmentsandpromotions,whichiswheretheauthorshiprubberreallymeetstheroad(當(dāng)涉及作者的任命和晉升時(shí)，著作權(quán)就發(fā)揮作用了)，因此B項(xiàng)“涉及作者的任命和晉升”正確。

4.判斷推理題。最后一段給出了答案:Afterall,ifqualityjudgmentsaboutindividualsaretobemadeonthebasisoftheirpersonalcontributions,thenthejudgesbetterknowwhattheydid.Butifquestionsariseaboutthevalidityoftheworkasawhole,whetheraschallengestoitsconductorasevaluationsofitsinfluenceinthefield,ateamisateam,andthemembersshouldsharethecreditortheblame(畢竟，如果要根據(jù)個(gè)人的貢獻(xiàn)對(duì)個(gè)人做出高質(zhì)量的判斷，那么法官們就能更清楚知道他們做了什么。但是，如果對(duì)整個(gè)工作的有效性產(chǎn)生疑問(wèn)，無(wú)論是作為對(duì)其行為的挑戰(zhàn)，還是作為對(duì)其在該領(lǐng)域影響的評(píng)估，一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)就是一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)，成員們應(yīng)該共同承擔(dān)責(zé)任)，因此A項(xiàng)“評(píng)判是針對(duì)論文本身還是其作者”正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章開(kāi)頭提出現(xiàn)象:科學(xué)論文上發(fā)表論文的作者的平均數(shù)量急劇上升，然后指出此現(xiàn)象帶來(lái)的社會(huì)問(wèn)題，最后提供了解決辦法。因此，D項(xiàng)“多個(gè)作者，多個(gè)問(wèn)題”最適合做文章標(biāo)題。

3.單選題

Allworkers,regardlessoftheirsexandeducation,arerequiredto（）attheageof60.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.resign

B.retire

C.regain

D.retain

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指退休，只有選項(xiàng)B符合要求。

4.翻譯題

AlthoughtelevisionondemandhasnotyetbecomeamainstreamactivityintheUK,theBBC,ITVandChannel4haveallinvestedvastsumsofmoneyintechnologywhichenablesviewerstowatchtheirfavouriteshowsontheircomputers.

1.Butsomecritics,includingsomeinternetserviceproviders,havewarnedthattheinternetwillcollapseunderthestrainofmillionsofpeopledownloadingprogrammesatthesametime.

Overthenextfouryears,itisthoughtthatthenumberofvideoswatchedovertheinternetwillquadruple,withpeoplemovingfromshortclipstohour-longprogrammes.

2.Broadbandcompaniesclaimthattheservicewillcause“trafficjams”,whichwillcostmillionsofpoundstosortout.

ButMrCerfdismissedthewarningsas“scaretactics”,sayingthatcriticshadpredicted20yearsagothatthenetwouldcollapsewhenpeopleallaroundtheworldstartedtouseitenmasse.

3.“Intheintervening30yearsit’sincreasedamilliontimes…We’refarfromexhaustingthecapacity”hesaid,“It’sanunderstandableworrywhentheyseehugeamountsofinformationbeingmovedaroundonline.”

【答案】1.但包括部分互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)提供商在內(nèi)的批評(píng)人士警告說(shuō)，如果幾百萬(wàn)人在同一時(shí)間下載節(jié)目，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)會(huì)因無(wú)法承受壓力而崩潰。

2.寬帶公司稱，這一服務(wù)會(huì)導(dǎo)致“網(wǎng)絡(luò)交通堵塞”，而“疏通”成本高達(dá)數(shù)百萬(wàn)英鎊。

3.他說(shuō)：“過(guò)去三十年中，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的容量增加了一百萬(wàn)倍……我們還遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)用盡這些容量?？吹酱罅啃畔⒃诨ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)間傳輸，有人產(chǎn)生這樣的擔(dān)憂是可以理解的?！?/p>

5.寫(xiě)作題

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement:Dissatisfactionleadstoprogress.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.

【答案】略

6.單選題

Heis

theonlypersonwhocan（）in

thiscasebecausetheotherwitnesseswerekilledmysteriously.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.testify

B.charge

C.accuse

D.rectify

【答案】A

【解析】testify作證；charge起訴；accuse指控；rectify修正。句意：他是唯一能為此案作證的人,因?yàn)槠渌C人都被神秘地殺害了。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

7.單選題

Fordecades,peoplehadcontinuedtopaydownmortgagesuntiltheirlastcentwasspent.Now,increasingnumbersweregivinguptheirhomesevenastheycontinuedtoserviceotherdebts.FacedwithaplungeinhousepricesacrosstheUS—somethingthathasnothappenedsincetheGreatDepressionofthe1930s—themortgageindustryisalreadydealingwithasurgeinthenumbersofpeopledefaultingontheirpayments.

Theconcernisthatthelossesonriskysubprimemortgagescouldsoonswellfurtheraspeoplewithgoodcredithistorydecideitisnotworthcontinuingtomakepaymentsonhousesworthlessthattheloan.HousepricesintheUSarealready20percentfromthe2006highsandareforecasttokeepfalling.Formany,especiallythosewhohaveputlittleoftheirownmoneyintoahouse,sendingbackthekeyscouldbeperfectlyrational.Thepracticehasgivenanameintheindustry—“jinglemail”—andthereareevencompaniesspecializinginhelpingpeoplewiththedecision.Y,onesuchservice,almostmakesitsoundanalluringprospect,“whatifyoucouldlivepayment-freeforuptoeightmonthsormoreandwalkawaywithoutowingapenny?”thewebsiteasks.

LarryRosenberger,arguablyoneofthemostexperiencedcrunchersofconsumerdebtstatisticsaround,wasmeetingtheconsortiumofmortgagelenderstotalkaboutanalyzingtheirdatafromcluesaboutwhichpeopleinnegativeequitycouldbeexpectedtokeeppayingdowntheirmortgages.Theysaid,“we’regettingkilledwithlosses,canwefigureoutmoreaccuratelywhowilldowhat,sowecanbemoreaccommodatingwithsomeborrowersbutnotwithothers,”Mr.Rosenbergersays.

TheaccuracyofthemodelsusedbythelikesofMr.Rosenbergertoflaggoodandbadcustomerscouldmakeahugedifferencetothelossesthatlenderseventuallyhavetoabsorb—lossesthatwill,inturn,determinetheavailabilityoffreshfundsfornewloans.Hisapproachwastoseekcluestopeople’sfutureactionsintheirpastbehaviors.Forexample,peoplewithchildrenatlocalschoolsmaybelesslikelytowalkawaythanpeoplewithoutschool-agechildren.Peoplewithmortgagesonsecondhomesmaybemorelikelytogiveuptheinvestment.

26.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtoParagraph1?

27.Peoplestoppayinghousemortgagesbecause（）.

28.Theworryingsituationinmortgageindustry（）.

29.WhatdoyouthinkLarryRosenbergerdoes?

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“flag”meaninParagraph4?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thepatternthatpeoplepaydownmortgageshaschangedrecently.

B.ThelasttimethathousepricesdroppedsorapidlywastheGreatDepression.

C.Peoplestoppayingmortgagesfornotonlyhousesbutalsoeverythingelse.

D.Themortgageindustryisfacingabigchallengebecausepeoplecannolongerpaytheirdebts.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyfindthattheirhousesareworthlessthantheloan

B.theircreditcardsareclosedandtheyhavegonebankruptcy

C.theydonothaveagoodcredithistoryandfailtogettheloan

D.theycanliveinthehousewithoutpayinganything

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.isaccompaniedbyanewmailingservicecalled“jinglemail”

B.isworsenedbythenewbusinesssuchasY

C.iscausedbythosepeoplewhohaveinvestedlittleinhousing

D.canbechangedifpeoplebecomemorerationalandlaw-abiding

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hecrunchesconsumerssothattheywillpaytheirdebts.

B.Heprovidesborrower’sfinancialinformationtomortgagelenders.

C.Heanalysesthelenders’datatopredictwhatcustomerswilldo.

D.Heuseshisexperiencetohelpthelendersavoidrisks.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.asymbol

B.asignal

C.toidentify

D.toattract

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】26.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第2句N(xiāo)ow,increasingnumbersweregivinguptheirhomesevenastheycontinuedtoserviceotherdebts（現(xiàn)在，越來(lái)越多的人放棄了他們的房子，即使他們繼續(xù)償還其他債務(wù)）可推斷出，C選項(xiàng)“人們不僅停止支付房屋抵押貸款，而且停止支付其他所有抵押貸款”的表述是不正確的，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

27.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的peoplewithgoodcredithistorydecideitisnotworthcontinuingtomakepaymentsonhousesworthlessthattheloan（擁有良好信用記錄的人認(rèn)為，繼續(xù)支付價(jià)值低于貸款的房屋是不值得的）可知，A選項(xiàng)“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的房子的價(jià)值低于貸款”正確。

28.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段第四句Thepracticehasgivenanameintheindustry—“jinglemail”—andthereareevencompaniesspecializinginhelpingpeoplewiththedecision（這種做法在業(yè)內(nèi)有了一個(gè)名字——“叮當(dāng)郵件”，甚至有專門(mén)幫助人們做決定的公司）可以推斷出，A選項(xiàng)“伴隨著一種名為‘叮當(dāng)郵件’的新郵件服務(wù)”正確。

29.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段第一句LarryRosenberger,arguablyoneofthemostexperiencedcrunchersofconsumerdebtstatisticsaround,wasmeetingtheconsortiumofmortgagelenderstotalkaboutanalyzingtheirdatafromcluesaboutwhichpeopleinnegativeequitycouldbeexpectedtokeeppayingdowntheirmortgages（拉里?羅森伯格可以說(shuō)是消費(fèi)者債務(wù)統(tǒng)計(jì)方面經(jīng)驗(yàn)最豐富的專家之一，他與抵押貸款機(jī)構(gòu)聯(lián)盟會(huì)面，討論如何根據(jù)負(fù)資產(chǎn)人群有望繼續(xù)償還抵押貸款的線索來(lái)分析數(shù)據(jù)），和第四段第二句Hisapproachwastoseekcluestopeople’sfutureactionsintheirpastbehaviors（他的方法是在人們過(guò)去的行為中尋找未來(lái)行為的線索）可推斷出，C選項(xiàng)正確。

30.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。本處flag意為分辨、區(qū)分，因此C選項(xiàng)“識(shí)別；確定；辨認(rèn)”正確。

8.翻譯題

諸位畢業(yè)同學(xué)，你們現(xiàn)在要離開(kāi)母校了，我沒(méi)有什么禮物送你們，只好送你們一句話罷。這一句話是“不要拋棄學(xué)問(wèn)?！币郧暗墓φn也許有一大部分是為了這張畢業(yè)文憑，不得已而做的，從今以后，你們可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了。趁現(xiàn)在年富力強(qiáng)的時(shí)候，努力做一種專門(mén)學(xué)問(wèn)。少年是一去不復(fù)返的，等到精力衰竭時(shí)，要做學(xué)問(wèn)也來(lái)不及了。即為吃飯計(jì)，學(xué)問(wèn)決不會(huì)辜負(fù)人的。吃飯而不求學(xué)問(wèn)，三年五年之后，你們都要被后來(lái)少年淘汰掉的。到那時(shí)再想做點(diǎn)學(xué)問(wèn)來(lái)補(bǔ)救，恐怕已太晚了。

有人說(shuō)：“出去做事之后，生活急需解決，哪有工夫去讀書(shū)？即使要做學(xué)問(wèn)，既沒(méi)有圖書(shū)館，又沒(méi)有實(shí)驗(yàn)室，哪能做學(xué)問(wèn)？”

我要對(duì)你們說(shuō)：凡是要等到有了圖書(shū)館才讀書(shū)的，有了圖書(shū)館也不肯讀書(shū)。凡是要等到有實(shí)驗(yàn)室方才做研究的，有了實(shí)驗(yàn)室也不肯做研究。你有了決心要研究一個(gè)問(wèn)題，自然會(huì)撙衣節(jié)食去買(mǎi)書(shū)，自然會(huì)想出法子來(lái)設(shè)置儀器。

【答案】DearStudentsoftheGraduatingClass:AsyouareleavingyourAlmaMater,Ihavenothingtoofferyouasagiftexceptawordofadvice.Myadviceis,“Nevergiveupthepursuitoflearning.”Youhaveperhapsfinishedyourcollegecoursesmostlyforobtainingthediploma,or,inotherwords,outofsheernecessity.However,fromnowonyouarefreetofollowyourownbentinthechoiceofstudies.Whileyouareintheprimeoflife,whynotdevoteyourselvestoaspecialfieldofstudy?Youthwillsoonbegonenevertoreturn;anditwillbetoolateforyoutogointoscholarshipwheninyourdecliningyears.Knowledgewilldoyouagoodturnevenasameansofsubsistence.Ifyougiveupstudieswhileholdingajob,youwillinacoupleofyearshavehadyourselvesreplacedbyyoungerpeople.Itwillthenbetoolatetoremedythesituationbypickingupstudiesagain.

Some?people?say,?“Once?you?have?a?job,?youwill?come?up?against?the?urgentproblem?of?making?a?living.?How?can?you?manage?to?find?time?to?study??Even?if?you?want?to,?will?it?be?possible?with?no?library?or?no?laboratory?available?”

Nowletmetellyouthis.Thosewhorefusetostudyforlackofalibrarywillmostprobablycontinuetodosoeventhoughthereisalibrary.Andthosewhorefusetodoresearchforlackofalaboratorywillmostprobablycontinuetodosoeventhoughalaboratoryisavailable.Aslongasyousetyourmindonstudies,youwillnaturallycutdownonfoodandclothingtobuybooksordoeverythingpossibletoacquirenecessaryinstruments.

9.單選題

ReformingtheSocialSecurityretirementprogramisanissueofenormouspracticalimportance.YetitremainsthemissingpieceinAmericanpolicyanalysis.AtatimewhentheCongressandtheAdministrationareconsideringwaystoreformwelfare,Medical,Medicaidandtheincometax,electedofficialsarestillunwillingtoconfronttheseriousproblemofourSocialSecuritysystem.Eventually,however,itsdeterioratingfinancialconditionwillforcemajorreforms.Whetherthosereformsaregoodorbad,whethertheydealwithbasiceconomicproblemsofthesystemormerelyprotectthesolvencyofexistinginstitutionalarrangementswilldependinpartonwhetherwe,aseconomists,providetheappropriateintellectualframeworkforanalyzingreformalternatives.

Majorpolicychangesthataffectthepublicatlargecanonlyhappeninourdemocracywhenthereiswidespreadpublicsupportforthenewdirectionpolicy.Inthefieldofeconomics,theviewsofmedia,ofotherprivate-sectoropinionleaders,andofpoliticiansandtheiradvisers,dependverymuchontheirperceptionofwhateconomistsbelievefeasibleandcorrect.Fundamentalpolicyreformsinacomplexarealikesocialsecurityalsorequirethedevelopmentoftechnicalexpertise,bothinandoutofgovernment,abouttheopinionsforchangeandtheirlikelyconsequences.Fortunately,anexpandinggroupofeconomistsisnowthinkingandwritingaboutsocialsecurityreform.Myremarkstodaygreatlybenefitfromwhattheyhavewrittenandfrommyconversationswithmanyofthem.

IbegantodomyresearchontheeffectsofSocialSecurityreformnearly25yearsago(Feldstein,1974,1975).AcentralconceptinmyanalysisofSocialSecurityhasbeenthenotionof“SocialSecuritywealth”,whichIdefinedasthepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritybenefitstowhichthecurrentadultpopulationwillbeentitledatageof65(orarealreadyentitledtoiftheyareolderthan65)minusthepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritytaxesthattheywillpaybeforereachingthatage.SocialSecuritywealthhasnowgrowntoabout$11trillionormorethan1.5timesGDP.Sincethisisequivalenttomorethan$50000foreveryadultinthecountry,thevalueofSocialSecuritywealthsubstantiallyexceedsallotherassetsforthevastmajorityofAmericanhouseholds.Intheaggregate,SocialSecuritywealthexceedsthree-fourthsofallprivatefinancialwealth,asconventionallymeasured.

SocialSecuritywealthisofcoursenotrealwealthbutonlyaclaimoncurrentandfuturetaxpayers.Insteadoflabelingthiskeymagnitude“SocialSecuritywealth”,Icouldhavecalleditthenation’s“SocialSecurityliability”.Likeordinarygovernmentdebt,SocialSecuritywealthhasthepowertocrowdoutprivatecapitalaccumulation;andSocialSecuritywealthwillcontinuetogrowaslongasourcurrentsystemremainsunchanged,displacinganeverlargerstockofcapital.

The$11trillionSocialSecurityliabilityisthreetimesaslargeastheofficialnationaldebt.AlthoughIcertainlywelcomethecurrentpoliticaleffortstoshrinkfuturebudgetdeficit,itisworthnotingthat,evenifthetraditionaldeficitiseliminatedintheyear2002,sothatthenationaldebtisthennolongerincreasing,thenationaldebtintheformoftheSocialSecurityliabilityislikelytoincreasethatyearbyabout$300billion.

Lookingfurtherintothefuture,theaggregateSocialSecurityliabilitywillgrowasthepopulationexpands,asitbecomesrelativelyolder,andasincomerises.Governmentactuariespredictthatunderexistinglawthetaxraterequiredtopayeachyear’sSocialSecuritybenefitwillriseoverthenext50yearsfromthepresentlevelofslightlylessthan12percenttomorethan18percent,andperhapstoasmuchas23percent.

1.Thedeterioratingfinancialconditionsreferredtowascausedby____.

2.Inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph,theunderlinedword“alternatives”refersto____.

3.Inparagraphthree,thenameandthedatesbetweenparentheses____.

4.ThedefinitionofSocialSecuritywealth____.

5.Ratherthanwealth,thismagnitudemaybeconstruedasaliabilitybecause____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.apooreconomicapproachtotheSocialSecurityretirementprogram

B.thereformofwelfareapprovedbythegovernment

C.government’sheavydebtsbecauseofinappropriateinvestment

D.majorpolicychangesinthepast

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.courses

B.thoughts

C.occasions

D.people

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.identifytheauthor

B.representnewinformation

C.arequestionsofpersonalstyle

D.refertoadifferentsource

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.appliestothebenefitspayablebeforeage65

B.includesthepresentactuarialvaluepaidbeforeage65

C.wasformulatedtwoandahalfdecadeago

D.wastodifferentiateprivatefinancialwealth

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ithasgrownto$11trillion

B.itexceedsallotherassets

C.itisadebttobepaid

D.itgrowsrapidlythroughtheaccumulationofprivatecapital

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thedeteriorationfinancialconditionreferredtowascausedby____.文中提到的財(cái)務(wù)狀況惡化是由____造成的。

A.apooreconomicapproachtotheSocialSecurityretirementprogramA.社會(huì)保障退休計(jì)劃的糟糕的經(jīng)濟(jì)方法

B.thereformofwelfareintheSocialSecurityretirementprogramB.社會(huì)保障退休計(jì)劃中的福利改革

C.government’sheavydebtsbecauseofinappropriateinvestmentC.政府投資不當(dāng)導(dǎo)致的沉重債務(wù)

D.majorpolicychangesinthepastD.過(guò)去發(fā)生的重大政策變化

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞deteriorationfinancialcondition定位到原文第一段第四句，該句提到“其日益惡化的財(cái)政狀況（itsdeterioratingfinancialcondition）最終（Eventually）將迫使其進(jìn)行重大改革（majorreforms）?！庇纱丝芍?，后文介紹的應(yīng)該是財(cái)政狀況惡化的結(jié)果——改革，因此，導(dǎo)致財(cái)政狀況惡化的原因應(yīng)該去前文中找。前一句提到“當(dāng)國(guó)會(huì)和政府正在考慮如何改革社會(huì)福利、醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)、醫(yī)療補(bǔ)助和所得稅時(shí)，官員們?nèi)匀徊辉敢饷鎸?duì)我們社會(huì)保障體系的嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題?！庇纱丝芍?，在討論制定社會(huì)保障計(jì)劃時(shí)，政府官員們的方法不當(dāng)，不愿意處理社會(huì)保障體系中的嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題，由此最終導(dǎo)致需要進(jìn)行改革。A選項(xiàng)“制定社會(huì)保障退休計(jì)劃的糟糕的經(jīng)濟(jì)方法”最符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)保障退休計(jì)劃中的福利改革”，根據(jù)【解題思路】可知，“改革”是“財(cái)政狀況惡化”的結(jié)果，而本題詢問(wèn)的是“財(cái)政狀況惡化”的原因，該選項(xiàng)屬于因果倒置；

C選項(xiàng)“政府投資不當(dāng)導(dǎo)致的沉重債務(wù)”，“政府債務(wù)”是原文第四到六段的內(nèi)容，根據(jù)原文可知，與本題無(wú)關(guān)，該選項(xiàng)屬于出處錯(cuò)位；

D選項(xiàng)“過(guò)去發(fā)生的重大政策變化”，“重大政策變化”可定位到原文第二段第一句，該句提到“只有當(dāng)新的政策方向得到公眾的廣泛支持時(shí)，才能發(fā)生影響廣大公眾的重大政策變化”，與本題無(wú)關(guān)，該選項(xiàng)屬于出處錯(cuò)位。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph,theunderlinedword“alternatives”refersto____.第一段的最后一句中劃線詞“alternatives”指的是____。

A.coursesA.課程；路線

B.thoughtsB.想法；看法

C.occasionsC.重大場(chǎng)合

D.peopleD.人民

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推測(cè)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thefirstparagraph和thelastsentence定位到原文第一段最后一句，該句提到“這些改革是好是壞，是解決體系的基本經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題，還是僅僅保護(hù)現(xiàn)有制度安排的償付能力，將部分取決于我們，作為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家，是否提供適當(dāng)?shù)闹R(shí)框架來(lái)分析____?！痹~alternatives的本義為“可供替代的選擇”，在這里應(yīng)該指的是一些供選擇的改革方案（reformalternatives）。C選項(xiàng)occasions可以指重大的社會(huì)事件或場(chǎng)合，reformoccasions指的是“改革”這件事，與原文的語(yǔ)義最接近。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)courses“課程；路線”、B選項(xiàng)thoughts“想法；看法”、D選項(xiàng)people“人民”完全不符合原文語(yǔ)義，屬于無(wú)中生有。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inparagraphthree,thenameandthedatesbetweenparentheses____.在第三段中，括號(hào)里的名字和日期____。

A.identitytheauthorA.標(biāo)明作者的身份

B.representvitalnewinformationB.代表重要的新信息

C.areaquestionofpersonalstyleC.是個(gè)人風(fēng)格的問(wèn)題

D.refertoadifferentsourceD.指另一個(gè)來(lái)源

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Inparagraphthree定位到原文第3段。本段第一句提到“近25年前，我開(kāi)始研究社會(huì)保障改革的影響（費(fèi)爾德斯坦，1974，1975）?！痹谡撐闹校ǔ?huì)使用括號(hào)中標(biāo)明作者和日期的格式，來(lái)提示這是該作者該時(shí)間的研究。原文中括號(hào)里的名字和日期是為了表明關(guān)于社會(huì)保障改革的影響的研究是費(fèi)爾德斯坦在1974到1975年的著作。A選項(xiàng)“標(biāo)明作者的身份”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“代表重要的新信息”，表述錯(cuò)誤，原文中作者已經(jīng)點(diǎn)明這是他自己25年前的研究，所以不屬于新信息，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“是個(gè)人風(fēng)格的問(wèn)題”，表述錯(cuò)誤，這種做法是慣例，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“指另一個(gè)來(lái)源”，表述錯(cuò)誤，括號(hào)里的名字和日期是為了補(bǔ)充該來(lái)源的信息，而不是指另一個(gè)來(lái)源，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ThedefinitionofSocialSecuritywealth____.社會(huì)保障財(cái)富的定義____。

A.appliestothebenefitspayablebeforeage65A.適用于65歲之前可支付的福利

B.includesthepresentactuarialvaluepaidbeforeage65B.包括65歲以前支付的精算現(xiàn)值

C.wasformulatedtwoandahalfdecadeagoC.是25年前形成的

D.wastodifferentiateprivatefinancialwealthD.是為了區(qū)分私人金融財(cái)富

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞definitionofSocialSecuritywealth定位到原文第三段。本段第一句提到“差不多25年前（nearly25yearsago），我開(kāi)始研究社會(huì)保障改革的影響。”該段第二句提到“在我對(duì)社會(huì)保障的分析中（inmyanalysisofSocialSecurity），一個(gè)中心概念是‘社會(huì)保障財(cái)富’，我把它定義為（whichIdefinedas）社會(huì)保障福利的精算現(xiàn)值（thepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritybenefits）（現(xiàn)在的成年人在65歲時(shí)將有權(quán)享受或65歲以上的老年人已經(jīng)享受了）減去（minus）他們?cè)谶_(dá)到那個(gè)年齡之前支付的社會(huì)保障稅的精算現(xiàn)值（thepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritytaxes）?！庇纱丝芍?，關(guān)于“社會(huì)保障財(cái)富”的概念是作者在他25年前的一份研究中定義的。C選項(xiàng)“是25年前形成的”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“適用于65歲之前可支付的福利”，由【解題思路】可知，根據(jù)定義，65歲之前交稅，65歲及65歲以上才可能有資格享受福利，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于偷換概念；

B選項(xiàng)“包括65歲以前支付的精算現(xiàn)值”，由【解題思路】可知，“社會(huì)保障財(cái)富”的定義為“65歲及65歲以后享受到的福利的精算現(xiàn)值減去這些人65歲以前交的稅的精算現(xiàn)值”，它是一個(gè)差額，而不是單獨(dú)的某一個(gè)精算現(xiàn)值，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“是為了區(qū)分私人金融財(cái)富”，原文只提到了作者關(guān)于社會(huì)保障財(cái)富這個(gè)概念的定義，并沒(méi)有提及他提出這個(gè)定義的目的，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

第5題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Ratherthanwealth,thismagnitudemaybeconstruedasaliabilitybecause____.這個(gè)的量度可能被理解為負(fù)債而不是財(cái)富，因?yàn)開(kāi)___。

A.ithasgrownto$11trillionA.它已經(jīng)增長(zhǎng)到11萬(wàn)億美元了

B.itexceedsallotherassetsB.它超過(guò)了所有其他資產(chǎn)

C.itisadebttobepaidC.這是一筆需要償還的債

D.itgrowsrapidlythroughtheaccumulationofprivatecapitalD.它通過(guò)私人資本的積累而迅速增長(zhǎng)

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】本題詢問(wèn)的是為什么把它稱之為“負(fù)債”而不是“財(cái)富”。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞wealth、magnitude和liability定位到原文第四段第二句，該句提到“我本可以稱其為國(guó)家的‘社會(huì)保障負(fù)債’，而不是將其稱為‘社會(huì)保障財(cái)富’。”而作者說(shuō)這句話的背景是，前一句提到“社會(huì)保障財(cái)富當(dāng)然不是真正的財(cái)富（notrealwealth），而只是（butonly）對(duì)當(dāng)前和未來(lái)納稅人的一種要求（aclaim）?！庇纱丝芍园阉Q之為“負(fù)債”是因?yàn)樗枰{稅人交稅，對(duì)于納稅人來(lái)說(shuō)相當(dāng)于一筆要償還的債務(wù)，C選項(xiàng)“這是一筆需要償還的債”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“它已經(jīng)增長(zhǎng)到11萬(wàn)億美元了”，表述正確，但與本題無(wú)關(guān)，該選項(xiàng)屬于出處錯(cuò)位；

B選項(xiàng)“它超過(guò)了所有其他資產(chǎn)”，可定位到原文第三段最后一句，該句提到“總的來(lái)說(shuō)，按照常規(guī)衡量，社會(huì)保障財(cái)富超過(guò)所有私人金融財(cái)富的四分之三（exceedsthree-fourthsofallprivatefinancialwealth）?！庇纱丝芍?，它沒(méi)有超過(guò)了所有其他資產(chǎn)，并且這也不是本題詢問(wèn)的原因，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾、出處錯(cuò)位；

D選項(xiàng)“它通過(guò)私人資本的積累而迅速增長(zhǎng)”，表述錯(cuò)誤，原文第四段最后一句提到“社會(huì)保障財(cái)富有能力將私人資本積累擠出。”由此可知，原文并沒(méi)有說(shuō)社會(huì)保障財(cái)富是通過(guò)私人資本積累而增長(zhǎng)的，并且這也不是本題詢問(wèn)的原因，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文、出處錯(cuò)位。

10.單選題

Surprisingly,nooneknowshowmanychildrenreceiveeducationinEnglishhospitals,stilllessthecontentorqualityofthateducation.Properrecordsarejustnotkept.

Weknowthatmorethan850,000childrengothroughhospitaleachyear,andthateverychildofschoolagehasalegalrighttocontinuetoreceiveeducationwhileinhospital.Wealsoknowthereisonlyonehospitalteachertoevery1,000childreninhospital.

Littlewonderthelatestsurveyconcludesthattheextentandtypeofhospitalteachingavailabledifferagreatdealacrossthecountry.ItisfoundthathalfthehospitalsinEngland,whichadmitchildrenhavenoteacher.Afurtherquarterhasonlyapart-timeteacher.Thespecialchildren’shospitalsinmajorcitiesdobestgeneralhospitalsinthecountryandholidayareasareworstoff.

Fromthissurvey,onecanestimatethatfewerthanoneinfivechildrenhavesomecontactwithahospitalteacher—andthatcontactmaybeaslittleastwohoursaday.Mostchildreninterviewedweresurprisedtofindateacherinhospitalatall.Theyhadnotbeenpreparedforitbyparentsoftheirownschool.Iftherewasateacher,theyweremuchmorelikelytoreadbooksanddomathornumberwork,withoutateachertheywouldonlyplaygames.

Reasonsforhospitalteachingrangefrompreventingachildfallingbehindandmaintainingthehabitofschooltokeepingachildoccupied,andthelatterisoftenalltheteachercando.Thepositionandinfluenceofmanyteacherswassummedupwhenpatentsofferedtothemas“thelibrarylady”orjust“thehelper”.

Childrentendtorelyonconcernedschoolfriendstokeepintouchwithschoolwork.Severalparentsspokeofrequestsforworkbeingignoredorrefusedbytheschool.Oncebackatschoolchildrenrarelygetextrateaching,andaretoldtocatchupasbestth