考研考博-英語-南陽師范學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南陽師范學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

TheFourteenthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution,ratifiedin1868,prohibitsstategovernmentsfromdenyingcitizensthe“equalprotectionofthelaws”.Althoughpreciselywhattheframersoftheamendmentmeantbythisequalprotectionclauseremainsunclear,allinterpretersagreethattheframers'immediateobjectivewastoprovideaconstitutionalwarrantfortheCivilRightsActof1866,whichguaranteedthecitizenshipofallpersonsbornintheUnitedStatesandsubjecttoUnitedStatesjurisdiction.Thisdeclaration,whichwasechoedinthetextoftheFourteenthAmendment,wasdesignedprimarilytocountertheSupremeCourt'srulinginDredScottVSanfordthatBlackpeopleintheUnitedStatescouldbedeniedcitizenship.TheactwasvetoedbyPresidentAndrewJohnson,whoarguedthattheThirteenthAmendment,whichabolishedslavery,didnotprovideCongresswithauthoritytoextendcitizenshipandequalprotectionthefreedslaves.AlthoughCongresspromptlyoverrodeJohnson'sveto,supportersoftheactsoughttoensureitsconstitutionalfoundationswiththepassageoftheFourteenthAmendment.

ThebroadlanguageoftheamendmentstronglysuggeststhatitsframerswereproposingtowriteintotheConstitutionnotalaundrylistofspecificcivilrightsbutaprincipleofequalcitizenshipthatforbidsorganizedsocietyfromtreatinganyindividualasamemberofaninferiorclass.Yetforthefirsteightdecadesoftheamendment'sexistence,theSupremeCourt'sinterpretationoftheamendmentbetrayedthisidealofequality.IntheCivilRightsCasesof1883,forexample,theCourtinventedthe“stateaction”limitation,whichassertsthat“private”decisionsbyownersofpublicaccommodationsandothercommercialbusinessestosegregatetheirfacilitiesareinsulatedfromthereachoftheFourteenthAmendment'sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.AftertheSecondWorldWar,ajudicialclimatemorehospitabletoequalprotectionclaimsculminatedintheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BroadofEducationthatraciallysegregatedschoolsviolatedtheequalprotectionclauseoftheFourteenthAmendment.

1.Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingiscorrect?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmostaccuratelyindicatesthesequenceoftheeventslistedbelow?

I.CivilRightsActof1866II.DredScottV.Sanford

III.FourteenthAmendmentIV.VetobyPresidentJohnson

3.Accordingtothepassage,theoriginalproponentsoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

4.TheauthorimpliesthattheFourteenthAmendmentmightnothavebeenenactedif（）.

5.Thepassagesuggeststhattheprincipaleffectofthestateactionlimitationwasto（）.

問題1選項

A.Bypresentingalistofspecificrights,framersoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereattemptingtoprovideaconstitutionalbasisforabroadjudicialprotectionoftheprincipleofequalcitizenship.

B.InterpretersoftheFourteenthAmendmenthavenotreachedconsensuswithregardtowhatitsframersmeantbytheequalprotectionclause.

C.NotuntilaftertheSecondWorldWardidtheSupremeCourtbegintointerprettheFourteenthAmendmentinamannerconsistentwiththeprincipleofequalcitizenshipthatitexpresses.

D.TheframersoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereawarethatthephrase“equalprotectionofthelaws”hadbroadimplications.

問題2選項

A.I-II-IV-III

B.I-IV-III-II

C.III-II-I-IV

D.II-I-IV-III

問題3選項

A.detailingtherightsaffordedbytheprincipleofequalcitizenship

B.providingsupportintheConstitutionforequalprotectionforallcitizensoftheUnitedStates.

C.overturningtheCivilRightsActof1866

D.assertingthatthecivilrightsprotectedbytheConstitutionincludednonracialdiscriminationaswellasracialdiscrimination.

問題4選項

A.Congress'authoritywithregardtolegislatingcivilrightshadnotbeenchallenged.

B.theframershadanticipatedtheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BoardofEducation.

C.theframershadbelievedthatitwouldbeusedindecidingcasesofdiscriminationinvolvingnon-racialgroups.

D.Moststategovernmentshadbeenwillingtoprotectcitizens'civilrights.

問題5選項

A.allowsomediscriminatorypracticestocontinueunimpededbytheFourteenthAmendment.

B.influencetheSupremeCourt'srulinginBrownV.BoardofEducation.

C.provideexpandedguidelinesdescribingprohibitedactions.

D.prohibitstatesfromenactinglawsthatviolatedtheintentoftheCivilRightsActof1866.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據第二段的第一句“...writeintotheConstitutionnotalaundrylistofspecificcivilrights...”可知選項A錯誤；根據第一段第二句“allinterpretersagreethat...theCivilRightsActof1866”可知,選項B也錯誤；根據第二段最后兩句可知選項C正確；選項D在文中沒有提及。

2.根據原文可知,《民權法案》是1866年出臺的,《第十四條修正案》是1868年批準的,所以首先排除選項C；根據第一段的內容可知,《民權法案》中的宣言其主要目的是為了反對最高法院在DredScott起訴Sanford案中做出的黑人可以被剝奪公民權的裁決。由此可知,訴訟發(fā)生在《民權法案》之前,所以選項D正確。

3.根據第一段的最后兩句,AndrewJohnson總統(tǒng)否決了《民權法案》,他認為廢除奴隸制的第十三修正案沒有賦予國會權力將公民權和平等保護擴展到被解放的奴隸。盡管國會很快推翻了Johnson的否決,但該法案的支持者試圖通過《第十四條修正案》確保其憲法基礎。由此可知,《第十四條修正案》的支持者最關心的是憲法是否為所有美國公民的平等保護提供了支持,選項B符合原文。

4.根據第一段最后兩句可知,如果國會在立法公民權利方面的權威沒有受到挑戰(zhàn),《第十四條修正案》也許不會頒布。選項A符合原文。

5.根據最后一段“...,whichassertsthat“private”decisions...theFourteenthAmendment'sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.”該限制規(guī)定,公共設施和其他商業(yè)企業(yè)業(yè)主所做出的對其設施實行種族隔離的“私人”決定不受《第十四條修正案》保證的法律平等保護的影響。選項A符合原文。

2.單選題

Sallycontributedalottotheproject,butsheneveronceacceptedallthe（）forherself.

問題1選項

A.credit

B.attention

C.focus

D.award

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項credit“贊揚，贊許”，allthecredit意為“所有的功勞”；B選項attention“注意力”；C選項focus“焦點，重點”；D選項award“獎品，獎勵”。句意：莎莉為這項工程做出了很大的貢獻，但她從沒有將所有的功勞據為己有。由選項意思和句意可知，A選項符合句意。

3.填空題

Theoveremphasisontheexteriorelevationinitsformerdesignresultedintheclosenessand________oftheinteriorspace.(regular)

【答案】irregularity

【解析】【考查點】名詞。

【解題思路】根據關鍵詞and，可知橫線處和closeness都是名詞，結合語境，過分強調建筑的外部立面致使建筑不規(guī)則，irregularity意思為“不規(guī)則（或無規(guī)律）的事物”，符合語境。

【句意】在原有設計中過分強調建筑的外部立面，導致室內空間的封閉和不規(guī)則。

4.單選題

IthinkImustbecomingdownwithflubecauseI’vebeenfeeling（）allday.

問題1選項

A.wretched

B.worried

C.wrecked

D.wicked

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。wretched“可憐的，卑鄙的”；worried“擔心的”；wrecked“失事的；迷幻的”；wicked“邪惡的，惡劣的，不道德的”。句意：我覺得我染上流感了，因為我整天感覺不舒服。選項C符合題意。

5.單選題

Thetruthaboutalliancesandtheirmeritprobablyliessomewherebetweenthetravelutopiapresentedbytheplayersandtheevilempiresportrayedbytheircritics.

問題1選項

A.collaboration

B.worth

C.triumph

D.defect

【答案】B

【解析】merit“優(yōu)點，價值，功績”。A選項collaboration“合作，勾結”；B選項worth“價值，財產”；C選項triumph“生理，凱旋”；D選項defect“缺點，不足之處”。B選項與merit“價值”這一意思相近，因此B選項符合題意。

6.單選題

Hefailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthecontract,andnowhehasto（）theconsequences.

問題1選項

A.answerfor

B.stepinto

C.abideby

D.runinto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。answerfor“對……負責”；stepinto“進入”;abideby“遵守”；runinto“遭遇，陷入”。前半句提到“他沒有履行合同的一些條款”，因此他需要對此負責，選項A符合題意。

7.單選題

OrdinarilythesurfaceoftheplanetisnearlyattheboHingpointofwateronEarth,100.2-101°Caccordingtothedatafromtheorbitingsatellite.

問題1選項

A.surfaceoftheplanet

B.nearlyatthe

C.boHingpoint

D.fromtheorbitingsatellite

E.沒有問題

【答案】E

8.單選題

Dr.HowardMartingavefataldosesofpainkillerstoterminallyillpatientsoutof（

）andactedintheirbestinterests.

問題1選項

A.suspicion

B.curiosity

C.compassion

D.prejudice

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。suspicion“懷疑，猜疑”；curiosity“好奇”；compassion“同情，憐憫”；prejudice“偏見，損害”。句意：霍華德?馬丁醫(yī)生給絕癥晚期的病人服用致命劑量的止痛劑是出于同情，是為病人最佳利益考慮而采取的行動。選項C符合句意。

9.單選題

Fundamentally,incomedisparitydescribestwodisparategroups:richandpoor.Itishardlynewsthatthericharegettingricher.Theunderlyingstoryisafamiliarone:thewealthiesthouseholdsownthemostassets,namelystocks,andassetpriceshaverisenataferociouspaceinrecentyears.Beyondthestandardexplanation,itisalsothecasethattheemergenceoftechnology,risingproductivity,andanexpandingglobalmarkethavebroughtforthanewupperclassamongcorporations.Thesenewlywealthyfirmspayskilledemployeeswellandinanever-tighterlabormarket,theyareforcedtoconstantlysweetentheiremployees'compensation.

Thentherearethepoor,whereconditionsarealittlemurky.Fallingunemployment,anecdotalevidenceofrisingstarlingwagesforlowlevelservicejobs,andtherelativenon-eventofwelfarereformsofarsuggestthatconditionsatthelowendareimproving.Yetatthesametime,wholecommunitiesundersiegebycrimeandhopelessnesscannotbeignored.

Thatsaid,incomeinequalityasablanketindictmentoffoureconomicsystemdoesnotfly.Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine.Theabilitytosomedayearnmore,toliveatahigherstandard,iswhatgetspeopleoutofbedinthemorning,particularlyinourconsumer-orientedeconomy.Incomedisparityonlybecomesaproblemifitwidenstotheextentthatthelaborforcebelievesthatgreaterwealthcanonlybeachievedbythealreadywealthy.

Indeed,itisunreasonabletostatethatincomedisparityiserodingthelaborforce'swilltoimproveproductivityandmoveahead.Increasinglaborforceparticipation,recordhomeownership,surgingconsumerconfidenceandspending,nearrecordlevelsofimmigration,andurbanrenewalareallanecdotalevidencethathopesarehigh.AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring.

Sowhyaretherestillverypoorhouseholdsinthiscountry?Therearemanyreasons.Oureconomyisshiftingtowardstheproductionofhighervaluegoodsandservices.Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly.TherehasalsobeenarecentsurgeofimmigrationintotheU.S.Manymigrantstothiscountry,particularlythosewhoareunskilledorlanguagechallenged,requiretimetobeabsorbedintooureconomy.Ifskillsarelacking,itmaytakeagenerationortwotomoveahead.

Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich.Oneofthefundamentalsofeconomicsisthatonedecideshowhardtowork,wheretowork,andwhatriskstotake.Monetarywealthisnotthesolemeansofmaximizingutility.Eachpersonhasafinitelifespanandfiniteabilities;itisuptotheindividualtoapplythoseastheyseefit.Thewealthygettingwealthierisnotalwaysevidencetoothersthattheythemselvesarefallingbehind.

1.Intheauthor’scountry,（）maybenefitfromthedevelopmentofitseconomy.

2.Itisimpliedinthispassagethatincomeinequalityis（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Theauthorbelievesthatincomedisparitywill（）.

5.Themainideapresentedinthelastparagraphisthat（）.

問題1選項

A.thewealthyratherthanthepoor

B.alltheimmigrants

C.onlyskilledemployees

D.allthepeople

問題2選項

A.notnecessarilyharmfultothepoor

B.harmfultothedevelopmentofeconomy

C.destructiveratherthanconstructive

D.beneficialonlytotherich

問題3選項

A.Everypersonwantstobecomerich

B.Unskilledpeopletendtobepoor

C.Mostimmigrantsareverypoor

D.Thewealthyisgettingwealthier

問題4選項

A.disappearsoonerorlater

B.begraduallynarrowed

C.persistaseverbefore

D.bemoreandmorewidened

問題5選項

A.noteverypersoniswillingtobecomeaswealthyaspossible

B.itisunderstandableforthewealthytogetwealthier

C.eachindividualknowsexactlywhathisultimategoalis

D.whatapersonpursuedintheworldisnotmonetarywealth

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在作者的國家，哪類人受益于經濟的發(fā)展？”文章第四段最后一句話提到“所有人都在新經濟中發(fā)展”(AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomy)，因此選項D符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“這篇文章暗示收入差距……”。文章第四段提到“各種各樣的人都在新經濟中蓬勃發(fā)展，有足夠的證據表明大多數人仍然想要獲得發(fā)財機會”（AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring），由此可知“不一定對窮人有害”符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“下列哪個表述是正確的？”文章第五段提到“非技術勞動力的償付水平與以前不同了……”（Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly），選項B“非技術人員傾向貧窮”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者認為收入差距將……”。文章第三段第一句話提到“收入差距是驅動經濟引擎的汽油”（Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine），因此它不可能消失，所以選項C“一直存在”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。題目問的是“最后一段的主要思想是什么？”文章最后一段第一句提到變得富有并不是每個人的最終目標（Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich），因此選項A符合題意。

10.單選題

He（

）himselfasgentleandromantictowardawomanhewastryingtoimpress.

問題1選項

A.expressed

B.conveyed

C.demonstrated

D.presentedf

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:他他對待女性溫柔且浪漫，他也正努力地給人留下這樣的印象。

express:表達，表示，表露。convey:傳達，運輸。demonstrate:證明，證實，論證。present:提出，提交，提供。因此A項符合句意,在句子中語義為“認為”。

11.翻譯題

吸引大量觀眾的體育運動，為人們觀賞青春的活力、速度和力量提供了一個窗口。它所展示的技能水平強烈地吸引著人們。男性之所以比女性更直接地認同這種運動，是因為他們的童年經歷和比賽所展示的陽剛之氣。

到20世紀70年代初，體育愛好者們對比賽不斷增長的興趣在電視聯(lián)播中得到了進一步加強，并把職業(yè)運動轉變成了利潤豐厚的商業(yè)活動。結果，一些全新的俱樂部聯(lián)合會雨后春筍般地涌現(xiàn)出來，與現(xiàn)有的體育組織展開競爭，并以誘人的工資來吸引運動員加盟。隨著體育變得更像傳統(tǒng)的商業(yè)活動，越來越多的運動員尋找他們的經紀人，代表他們參加工資談判。現(xiàn)在，職業(yè)體育運動已經進入一個新時代。

Directions:InthispartyouarerequiredtoturnthefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.PleasewriteitontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】【參考譯文】

Sportsthatattractlargeaudiencesprovideawindowonthevigor,speedandpowerofyouth.Peoplearestronglyattractedtotheskilllevelsitshows.Menidentifywiththesportmoredirectlythanwomenbecauseoftheirchildhoodexperiencesandthemasculinityofthegame.

Bytheearly1970s,fans’growinginterestinthegamewasreinforcedbytelevisionnetworksandturnedprofessionalsportsintoalucrativebusiness.Asaresult,entirelynewclubfederationssprunguptocompetewithestablishedsportsorganizationsandlureawayplayerswithattractivesalaries.Assportsbecomemorelikeatraditionalbusiness,moreandmoreathletesseekouttheiragentstorepresenttheminsalarynegotiations.Now,professionalsportshaveenteredanewera.

12.單選題

Theloveofpoetrywas____inhimbyherreaching.

問題1選項

A.banished

B.kindled

C.hardened

D.smashed

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.banished放逐；驅除B.kindled激起（興趣、情感等）

C.hardened硬化；更嚴厲D.smashed打碎；猛烈碰撞

【答案】B

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】前文內容為“對詩歌的熱愛”，后文內容為“她的到達”，空格處所填動詞搭配的內容為“對詩歌的熱愛”，B選項kindled“激起（興趣、情感等）”與原句語義銜接最恰當。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D選項不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】她的到達激起了他對詩歌的熱愛。

13.單選題

BarbaraStrozziwasasingerandcomposerofmadrigalsariasandcantataspublishedinVenicebetween1644and1664.Heruseofthesevocalformsplacesherdirectlywithinthecantatatraditionofthemid-seventeenthcentury,alongwithsuchmayorfigureasRossi,Carissimi,andCesti.WiththenotableexceptionofFrancescaCaccioi(1587-1640),sheistheonlyknownwomanamongthemanyariaandcantatacomposersofseventeenth-centuryItaly,andis,presumably,amongtheveryfewwomenoftheperiodtohavepursuedacareerasacomposerandtohaveachievedsomemeasureofpublicrecognition.

Thishistoricaldistinctionattractedattentiontoherworksearlyinthepresentcentury,evenwhenthemusicofmostofhermalecontemporaries,and,indeed,mostwomencomposersofanyera,remainedrelativelyignored.Butappreciationofherstylewaslimitedbyprevailingconventiontoanisolationofitssupposedlyfemininequalities:“greatspontaneity,exquisitegrace,marvelouslyfinetaste.”Suchanappreciationnowappearsirrelevantaswellaspolemicalinitsincompletenessbecauseweareinabetterposition-withregardtobothhistoricalknowledgeandsocialawareness-toattemptamorepreciseevaluationforasomewhatanomalous(unusual)figurelikeBarbaraStrozzi.

Bornin1619inVenice,shegrewupinthehomeofGiulioStrozzi,arenownedpoetandleadingfigureamongVenetianintellectuals.Barbara’spresenceinGiulio’shouseholdguaranteedheranearlyandfullexposuretoVenetianmusicalandliterarysociety.Indeed,shewasabletoenteraworldthatwas,apparently,closedtoothermembersofhersex.Similarly,FrancescaCaccini,themostprominentandsuccessfulItalianwomancomposeroftheperiod,wasthedaughterofprofessionmusiciansandthereforeexposedtomusicfrominfancy.Thisparallelsuggeststhatsuchanenvironmentmayhavebeenessentialforthedevelopmentofafemalecomposer.

1.Accordingtothepassage,BarbaraStrozzi’smusicattractedattentionearlyinthetwentiethcenturybecauseof（

）.

2.Theauthor’suseoftheword“supposedly”(line4,Para.2)implieswhichofthefollowing?

3.TheauthorofthepassagebasesherassertionthatStrozziisoneoftheveryfewseventeenth-centuryItalianwomencomposersonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

4.TheauthorofthepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingwasmostessentialtothesuccessofbothFrancescaCacciniandBarbaraStrozzi?

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatallofthefollowingmadeBarbaraStrozzi“asomewhatanomalousfigure”EXCEPT（

）.

問題1選項

A.itsuniquelyprivatecharacter

B.itsinfluenceonFrancescaCaccini

C.thescarcityofseventeenth-centurywomencomposers

D.theunconventionalityofitsforms

問題2選項

A.Theauthordoubtsthehistoricalauthenticityofthequotationthatfollows.

B.Theauthordoubtstheaccuracyofthefactssheisreporting.

C.Theauthordisagreeswiththejudgmentsheisdiscussing.

D.TheauthordoesnotbelievethatStrozzi9smusichasthequalitiescitedinthequotation.

問題3選項

A.Publicrecognitionisanindispensablepartofacareerasacomposer.

B.StrozziandCacciniwereinfluencedbythesamecomposers.

C.Themusicofanywomancomposerwhomherseventeenth-centurycontemporariesregardedasnoteworthywouldbeknowntomodemscholars.

D.Thecantatatraditionofthemed-seventeenthcenturyincludescomposersscholarsandperformersofmadrigalsandariasaswellascantatas.

問題4選項

A.TheirpresenceinVeniceatatimewhenvocalmusicnourished.

B.Theirearlyfirsthandexposuretomusicandmusicians.

C.Thelackofcompetitionfromothercomposers.

D.Thepopularityofmadrigalsandcantatasinseventeenth-centuryItaly.

問題5選項

A.shewasawomancomposerduringtheseventeenthcentury

B.shedidnotwritedramaticworksforvoice

C.shedidnotperformoperaticworks

D.shewrotemovingvocalworks

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段提到這一歷史上的與眾不同在本世紀初吸引了人們對她作品的關注，而這時大多數和她同時代的男性作曲家，甚至任何時代的女性作曲家的作品，仍然相對被忽視（Thishistoricaldistinctionattractedattentiontoherworksearlyinthepresentcentury,evenwhenthemusicofmostofhermalecontemporaries,and,indeed,mostwomencomposersofanyera,remainedrelativelyignored），由此可知她的作品之所以吸引別人的關注是因為她作品的與眾不同，選項D符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章第二段提到對她風格的欣賞受到了主流傳統(tǒng)的限制，局限于對其女性化特質的孤立：自發(fā)性、精致的優(yōu)雅、絕妙的品味（Butappreciationofherstylewaslimitedbyprevailingconventiontoanisolationofitssupposedlyfemininequalities:“greatspontaneity,exquisitegrace,marvelouslyfinetaste”），由此可知作者并不贊成這種觀點，因此選項C符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第一段最后一句話提到她是十七世紀意大利眾多詠嘆調和大合唱作曲家中唯一知名的女性，而且她是那個時期為數不多的從事作曲家事業(yè)并獲得一定程度的公眾認可的女性之一（sheistheonlyknownwomanamongthemanyariaandcantatacomposersofseventeenth-centuryItaly,andis,presumably,amongtheveryfewwomenoftheperiodtohavepursuedacareerasacomposerandtohaveachievedsomemeasureofpublicrecognition），因此選項D符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。文章最后一段提到芭芭拉很早就接觸了威尼斯音樂和文學社會（Barbara’spresenceinGiulio’shouseholdguaranteedheranearlyandfullexposuretoVenetianmusicalandliterarysociety），接著提到了成功的意大利女性作曲家卡西尼從嬰兒時期就接觸音樂（Similarly,FrancescaCaccini,themostprominentandsuccessfulItalianwomancomposeroftheperiod,wasthedaughterofprofessionmusiciansandthereforeexposedtomusicfrominfancy），因此選項B符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。四個選項中，除了選項A“她是17世紀女作曲家”不是她不尋常的原因外，其他三項都是。

14.單選題

Someanthropologistsclaimthatafewapeshavebeentaughtarudimentarysignlanguages,butskepticsarguethattheapesareonly_______theirtrainers.

問題1選項

A.imitating

B.condoning

C.instructing

D.acknowledging

【答案】A

【解析】imitating模仿,效法;condoning寬恕,赦免;instructing指導,教;acknowledging承認,答謝。句意：一些人類學家聲稱,一些猿類已經學會了基本的手語,但持懷疑態(tài)度的人認為,猿類只是在模仿它們的馴獸師。選項A符合句意。

15.單選題

PresidentBushcametohisparent’scentury-oldsummerhomeontheMainecoastforalittlerelaxation,adistantcousin'sweddingandsomefamilytime.However,severalhundredanti-wardemonstrators()onhisvisit.

問題1選項

A.intruded

B.invaded

C.intwined

D.inturned

【答案】A

【解析】intrudeon打擾，侵擾；invade侵略，侵犯；intwine盤繞，纏繞；inturned內彎的。句意：布什總統(tǒng)來到他父母位于緬因州海岸的百年避暑別墅，來放松一下，參加一個遠房表親的婚禮，并與家人共度時光。然而，數百名反戰(zhàn)示威者侵擾了他的觀光。選項A符合句意。

16.單選題

Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareasisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatisitbecausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicallyhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlongago,withthecountryenteringarecessingandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak,theU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneoftheprimarycauseofthepoorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderinautomotiveassemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts—aresultofthetrainingthatU.S.workersreceivedonthejob.

Morerecently,whileexamininghousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscoveredthatilliterate,non-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHouston,Texas,consistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustry'swork.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Wehavebeguntosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit.Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity’sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducationhowever,doesn’tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld’sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn'tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.

1.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportanceofeducationinpoorcountries（）.

2.AmajordifferencebetweentheJapaneseandU.S.workforcesisthat（）.

3.Theauthorquotestheexampleofourancestortoshowthateducationemerged（）.

4.Accordingtothelastparagraph,developmentofeducation（）.

問題1選項

A.isconventionaldowngraded

B.hasbeenoverestimated

C.issubjecttogroundlessdoubts

D.hasfallenvictimofbias

問題2選項

A.theU.S.workforceismoreorganize

B.theJapaneseworkforceismoreproductive

C.theU.S.workforcehasabettereducation

D.theJapaneseworkforceisbetterdisciplined

問題3選項

A.asaresultofpressureongovernment

B.whenpeoplenolongerwenthungry

C.C.priortobetterwaysoffindingfood

D.whenpeoplehadenoughtime

問題4選項

A.followedimprovedproductivity

B.doesnotdependoneconomicperformance

C.resultsdirectlyfromthecompetitiveenvironments

D.cannotaffordpoliticalchanges

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者在第一段中認為教育在貧窮國家的重要性……”。文章第一段第二句后半句提到“傳統(tǒng)觀點認為教育應該是促進貧窮國家經濟快速發(fā)展的最高優(yōu)先事項之一，這種觀點是錯誤的”(however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong)，由此可知貧窮國家教育的重要性被高估了，因此選項B符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“日本和美國勞動力的一個主要區(qū)別是什么？”文章第二段最后提到研究表明豐田、尼桑和本田位于美國的工廠的生產率大約是日本同行的95%（YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts），由此可以推測出日本的生產率比美國的要高，因此選項B符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者引用我們祖先的例子來說明教育的出現(xiàn)……”。文章第四段第二句話提到“我們懷疑，即使政府不強迫，持續(xù)的經濟增長也會促進教育的發(fā)展”(Wehavebeguntosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit)；當我們的祖先還在狩獵和采集的時候，除了尋找食物，他們沒有時間去思考其他的事情，由此可知教育之所以出現(xiàn)，是因為不需要去擔心食物的問題，選項B“人們不再挨餓”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據文章最后一段可知教育的發(fā)展……”。文章最后一段的第一句提到隨著教育的進步，人類的生產潛力也增加了(Aseducationimproved,humanity’sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell),選項A“伴隨生產力的提升”符合題意。

17.單選題

Thelawyerpromisedtogotogreattodefendhim.

問題1選項

A.lengths

B.measures

C.efforts

D.endeavors

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語搭配。A選項lengthsn.長度（指距離，時間）；B選項measuresn.方法，對策；C選項effortsn.努力；D選項endeavorn.努力，盡力。gotogreatlengths表示“竭盡全力；不遺余力”，因此，正確答案是A項。句意：律師向他保證會竭盡全力為他辯護。

18.單選題

WhenIsaidgoodbyetoher,she______thedoor.

問題1選項

A.sawmeat

B.setmeoff

C.sentmeto

D.showedmeto

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A項seemeat沒有這個結構，B項setsb.off“使某人開始做某事”，C項sendsb.to“把某人送到某地”，D項showsb.tothedoor“把某人送到門口”。結合句子的意思可知D項符合語境。句意：當我向她說再見時，她把我送到門口。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

19.單選題

Ididn’tknowwheretosendthis______letter.

問題1選項

A.registered

B.maid

C.mail

D.male

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項registered“（信或包裹）掛號的”；B選項maid“女仆”；C選項mail“郵件，信件”；D選項male“男性的”。句意：我不知道該把這封______信寄到哪里。根據語境，這里指的是寄信，橫線處修飾letter，A選項registered“（信或包裹）掛號的”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

20.單選題

Antarcticahasactuallybecomeakindofspacestationauniqueobservationpostfordetectingimportantchangesintheworld'senvironment.Remotefrommajorsourcesofpollutionandthecomplexgeologicalandecologicalsystemsthatprevailelsewhere,Antarcticamakespossiblescientificmeasurementsthatareoftensharperandeasier