考研考博-英語-廈門醫(yī)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廈門醫(yī)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

這是一只如此靈敏的（sensitive）安培表（ammeter）以至于它能測出電流的微弱變化。

【答案】

Thisissuchasensitiveammeterthatitcanmeasureaslightchangeinthecurrent.

2.單選題

ThisobservationflummoxedTerkel,aself-styledJewishfree-thinkerwhosaysheknowsnothingaboutGodbuteverythingabouthumannature.

問題1選項

A.inspired

B.surprised

C.bewildered

D.provoked

【答案】C

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項inspired“品質(zhì)優(yōu)秀的，能力卓越的，借助于靈感創(chuàng)作的”；B選項surprised“感到驚訝的，出人意料的”；C選項bewildered“困惑的”；D選項provoked“被激怒的，受到挑釁的”。句意：這一發(fā)現(xiàn)讓特克爾感到困惑，他自稱是猶太自由思想家，聲稱自己對上帝一無所知，只知道有關(guān)人類本性的一切。Flummoxed“困惑的”，C選項與該詞詞義最相近，因此C選項正確。

3.問答題

Peoplearoundtheworldareconcernedthatchlorofluoromethanesreleasedfromaerosolsprayscanposeaseriousthreattotheirhealththroughdepletionoftheozonelayer.TheprimaryconcernabouttheozonelayerdepletionisthattheultravioletrayintensityatthesurfaceoftheEarthwouldincrease,bringingaboutmoreskincancerfatalitiesamongCaucasians.AccordingtotheIMOSreport,FluorocarbonsandtheEnvironment,issuedearlierthisyear,thereispersuasive,althoughnotabsolutelyconclusive,clinicalandepidemiologicalevidenceofadirectlinkbetweensolarradiationandthehistoricallyobservedincidenceofseveral,generallynon-fatal,typesofskincancerinhumans.Icertainlydonotfindthisevidenceconclusive,andbelieveanalternativecasecanbemade.

Itisalongknownfactthatultravioletintensityatthelandsurfaceincreaseswithaltitudeabovesealevel.IngoingfromsealeveltothealtitudeofDenver,Colorado(1mile,1.61km.),theultravioletintensityat295nmincreasesby125percent.TheresidentsofColorado(meanelevation2.1km.)havealwaysbeensubjectedtoUVintensitiesseveraltimesgreaterthanthosethatmightresult,ontheaverage,fromthehypothesizedozonelayerdepletionof16percent(33percentincreaseinUV)by2000AD.InadditiontothehigherUVcontentofColoradosunshine,thepercentageofcleardays(70percent)isabovethenationalaverage.

PublicationsbytheAmericanCancerSocietyshowthatColoradohasoneofthelowestskincancerfatalityratesofallofthestates,1.69deathsper100,000populationcomparedwithanationalaverageof2.40per100,000.Theentiredesertsouthwesthasabout125percentgreaterUYintensityinsunshine,duetoaltitude,thandoesNewEngland,yetthedeathratefromskincancerinNewEnglandis24percenthigherthanitisinthesouthwest.

Ontheworldbasis,manyfactorsappeartoplayamoreimportantroleinskincancerfatalitiesthanUVintensity.Intheequatorialregions,UVintensityatthelandsurfaceishigherbecausetheSun’srayspassthroughtheozonelayermoreperpendicularlythaninmorenortherlyorsoutherlylatitudes.Inspiteofthis,thelowestreportedskincancerdeathratesintheworldcomefromMauritius(0.2per100,000)andNicaragua(0.2per100,000),eventhoughtheyarelocatedinnear-equatorialregions.Ontheotherhand,Ireland(2.64per100,000)hastheworld’sthirdhighestratewhileEnglandandWales(1.50per100,000)is27th.Mexico(0.65per100,000)is38th.

EvidenceisstrongthatUVintensityisnottheprincipalfactorindeterminingtheskincancerdeathrate.Geneticfactors,skinpigmentation,behavioralcharacteristics,medicalfacilities,broadstrawhats,andsuntanlotionallhavesomeinfluenceonskincancerfatalities.Anadditional4,000-12,000deathsperyearfromskincancerintheU.S.havebeenpredictedfora16percentdepletionoftheozonelayer.ItshouldberememberedthatpresentannualdeathsintheU.S.fromthiscauseare5,000.

Someauthorshaverecommendedanimmediatebanontheuseoffluorocarbonswithoutanydirectevidencethattheyaffecttheozonelayer.TometheindirectevidencestronglysuggeststhatthesecompoundsareunlikelytohaveasignificanteffectontheEarth’sozonelayerandeveniftheydid,anincreaseinskincancerdeathswouldnotnecessarilyresult.

1.WhatisoneconsequencefortheinhabitantsofDenverofthefactthatthetownissituatedatanaltitudeof1mileabovesea-level?

2.Fromthepassage,whatdoyouknowaboutthenumberofcloudydaysperyearinDenver?

3.WhatistherelationshipbetweenskincancerandUVintensityaccordingtothispassage?

4.WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheskincancerdeathrateinIreland?

5.ApproximatelywhatpercentageincreaseinskincancerdeathshasbeenpredictedfortheU.S.witha16percentreductionintheozonelayer?

【答案】1.由題干的關(guān)鍵詞Denver可定位到文章第二段中“IngoingfromsealeveltothealtitudeofDenver,Colorado(1mile,1.61km.),theultravioletintensity（紫外線強度）at295nmincreasesby125percent.”可知丹佛居民的后果。

試題答案：

OneconsequenceistheinhabitantsofDenveraresubjectedtotheultravioletintensityat295nmincreasesby125percent.

2.由文章第二段中“thepercentageofcleardays(70percent)isabovethenationalaverage”晴天的百分比(70%)高于全國平均水平，可推知丹佛晴天占70%，陰天占30%。

試題答案：

ThenumberofcloudydaysperyearinDenveris30percentofdaysinayear.

3.由文章倒數(shù)第二段中“EvidenceisstrongthatUVintensityisnottheprincipalfactorindeterminingtheskincancerdeathrate.”有證據(jù)表明紫外線強度不是決定皮膚癌死亡率的主要因素，以及最后一段中“TometheindirectevidencestronglysuggeststhatthesecompoundsareunlikelytohaveasignificanteffectontheEarth’sozonelayerandeveniftheydid,anincreaseinskincancerdeathswouldnotnecessarilyresult.”對我來說，間接證據(jù)強烈表明，這些化合物不太可能對地球臭氧層有重大影響，即使他們產(chǎn)生了重大影響，皮膚癌的死亡人數(shù)也不一定會增加。因此可推測皮膚癌與紫外線強度之間沒有什么聯(lián)系關(guān)系。

試題答案：

TherelationshipbetweenskincancerandUVintensityisunlikelytoexist.

4.由文章第四段中“Ontheworldbasis,manyfactorsappeartoplayamoreimportantroleinskincancerfatalitiesthanUVintensity.”從世界范圍來看，許多因素似乎比紫外線強度在皮膚癌死亡中起著更重要的作用，可知有其他很多因素在皮膚癌死亡中占主要原因。

試題答案：

ManyfactorsappeartoplayamoreimportantroleinskincancerfatalitiesthanUVintensity.

5.由文章倒數(shù)第二段中“Anadditional4,000-12,000deathsperyearfromskincancerintheU.S.havebeenpredictedfora16percentdepletionoftheozonelayer.ItshouldberememberedthatpresentannualdeathsintheU.S.fromthiscauseare5,000.”據(jù)預(yù)測，美國每年死于皮膚癌的人數(shù)將增加4，000至12，000人由于臭氧損耗16%。應(yīng)該記住，目前美國每年因這一原因而死亡的人數(shù)為5，000人。（4000+5000）÷5000=0.8，12000÷5000=2.4，故皮膚癌死亡的百分比大約增加了80%至240%。

試題答案：

Approximately80%to240%.

4.單選題

Icouldn’tfind（）,andsoItookthisone.

問題1選項

A.alargeenoughcoat

B.anenoughlargecoat

C.alargecoatenough

D.acoatenoughlarge

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞用法。句意：enough修飾名詞時放名詞前，如：Idon’thaveenoughmoney.修飾形容詞或副詞時放形容詞或副詞后，如：Youarenotcapableenoughtogetthisposition.所以本題的正確答案是A選項。句意：我找不到足夠大的大衣，所以我拿了這一件。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項。

5.單選題

Originallydesignedasworkclothesforminers,jeansarenowwormbyallsegmentsofsociety,theirappeal______bytheircomfortandaffordability.

問題1選項

A.overwhelmed

B.corroded

C.complicated

D.broadened

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項overwhelmed“（感情或感覺）充溢，難以禁受；擊敗，征服”；B選項corroded“腐蝕，侵蝕”；C選項complicated“使復(fù)雜”；D選項broadened“擴寬，擴大”。句意：牛仔褲最初是為礦工設(shè)計的工作服，現(xiàn)在受到社會各階層的追捧，它的吸引力因為舒適和實惠的特點而______。這里要填的是牛仔褲的吸引力因為舒適和實惠的特點而怎么樣，D選項broadened“擴寬，擴大”符合題意，也對應(yīng)前面牛仔褲受歡迎的特點。因此D選項正確。

6.單選題

Deceptivelysimpleindesign,thesculpturalworksofGeorgeNortonincorporateabroadrangeoftextures,sizes,andcontours.

問題1選項

A.Misleadingly

B.Generally

C.Noticeably

D.Exceptionally

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。deceptively表示“看似，不像看上去那么”；A項misleadingly“誤導(dǎo)性地”，B項generally“通常地”，C項noticeably“顯著地，明顯地”，D項exceptionally“異常地，特殊地”。句意：看似簡單的設(shè)計，喬治諾頓的雕塑作品融合了廣泛的紋理、尺寸和輪廓的奧妙。根據(jù)句意可知，前面是對比的關(guān)系，那么只有misleadingly能夠替換劃線的單詞，故該題選擇A項正確。

7.單選題

Nooneexpectedhimto（

）againsthisformeremployer.

問題1選項

A.declare

B.testify

C.certify

D.allege

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。declare“宣布；聲明”；testify“作證；證明”；certify“證明；保證”；allege“宣稱；斷言”。句意：沒人想到他會作對他前老板不利的證明。選項B符合題意。

8.單選題

Thedog（）therabbitbutcouldnotcatchit.

問題1選項

A.ceased

B.chained

C.checked

D.chased

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項ceased“停止”。B選項chained“束縛，囚禁”。C選項checked“檢查，查核”。D選項chased“追逐，追趕”。句意：狗追趕兔子，但是逮不著它。因此D選項符合題意。

9.單選題

Americansmayhaveto（）thenumberofprivatelyownedcarsanddependmoreonpublictransportationsystems.

問題1選項

A.breakdown

B.outdown

C.getdown

D.dropdown

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。breakdown“發(fā)生故障，毀掉”；getdown“吞下，使沮喪”；dropdown“落下，順著往下移動”。句意：美國人可能不得不降低私家車的數(shù)量。轉(zhuǎn)而依賴公共交通系統(tǒng)。只有D項符合，強調(diào)私家車數(shù)量的下降。

10.單選題

Shewasanexperiencedtravelerwhohad（

）bothAfricaandEuropeinhertwenties.

問題1選項

A.traversed

B.transferred

C.trampled

D.trespassed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形似詞辨析。traversed橫越，穿過；transferred使轉(zhuǎn)移，使調(diào)動；trampled踐踏，無視；trespass侵占，侵入。句意：她是一個有經(jīng)驗的旅行者，在她二十多歲的時候就穿越了非洲和歐洲。只有A項符合題意，答案A

11.單選題

Theofferofafreeoverseastour（

）himintobuyingthevillaonthehillside.

問題1選項

A.discouraged

B.committed

C.tempted

D.tangled

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。discourage阻止，使氣餒；commit犯錯，委托；tempt誘惑，引起；tangle使糾纏。句意：因為提供免費的境外旅游誘使他買下了山坡上的別墅。選項C更符合語境。

12.單選題

TherehewasAmerica’sfirstPresidentwithaMBA,themanwholovestoboastabouthisbusinessbackground,whosepresidentialcampaignraisedunprecedentedsumsfromcorporateWalletsandwhosecabinetisstuffedwithchiefexecutives.FaithintheintegrityofAmericanbusinessleaderswasbeingundermined,GeorgeBushsaidfiercely,byexecutives“breachingtrustandabusingpower.”Itwastimefor“anewethicofpersonalresponsibilityinthebusinesscommunity”.Hewasgoingto“endthedaysofcookingthebooks,shadingthetruthandbreakingourlaws”.

Onlymonthsago,theideathatGeorgeBushwouldpubliclylambasteAmerica’scooperatebosseswaslaughable.Asacandidate,bornonthewaveofadecade-longeconomicboomandanunprecedented18-yearbullmarket,hecashedinonAmerican’sloveaffairwithcorporatesuccess.Butthingsaredifferentnow.Thestockmarketbubblehasburstand,despitesignsofeconomicrecovery,WallStreetseemstobesunkingloom.AstringofscandalsatsomeofAmerica’smosthigh-flyingfirmsincludingEnron,Xerox.Tyco,GlobalCrossingandmostrecently,WorldComhasradicallychangedthepublicmood.

Aspoliticalpressureforreformincreases,sotoodoestheheatonMr.Bush.Isthebusinessman’spresidentreallypreparedtotakebusinessonandpushhardforreform?DespitethesetjawandaggrievedtoneinNewYork.Probablynot,Mr.Bushthinksthecurrentcrisisstemsfromafewbad-applechiefexecutivesratherthanthesystemasawhole.Hencehefocusesontoughpenaltiesforcorruptbusinessmenandhispleaforhigherethicalstandards.Thepresidentannouncedthecreationofafinancial-crimesSWATteam,attheJusticeDepartmenttorootoutcorporatefraud,andwantstodoublethemaximumprisonsentenceforfinancialfraudfromfivetotenyears.Butheofferedfewconcretesuggestionsforsystemicreform:littlementionofchangestostrengthenshareholders’rights,notevenanendorsementoftheSenatecorporate-reformbill.TherearefewsignsyetthatcleaningupcorporateAmericaisanissuethatanimatesthevoters.PollsshowthatAmericanshavelittlefaithintheirbusinessleaders,butpoliticiansdonotseemtobesufferingasaresult.Mr.Bush’sapprovalratingshavefallenfromtheirsky-highs,buttheyarestillverystrong.

Thepresident,therefore,needdonomorethantalktough.ThisalonewillconvinceordinaryAmericansthatheisontopoftheissue.Astheeconomyreboundsandpublicoutagesubsides,theClamorforchangewillbequieter.Democraticattackswillfizzle,andfar-reachingreformbillswillbewatereddownbeforetheybecomelaw.Politically,thegamblemakessense.UnfortunatelyforAmericancapitalism,agreatopportunitywillbemissed.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

2.WecaninferfromthethirdparagraphthatMr.Bush

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutMr.Bushismentionedinthispassage?

4.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthereformis（

）.

5.Thephrase“agreatopportunity"inthelastparagraphreferstoanopportunityto

問題1選項

A.Bushhadtoofferconcretesuggestionsforreformaspoliticalpressureincrease.

B.Atpresent,themaximumprisonsentenceforfinancialfraudisfiveyears.

C.ItislaughablethatMr.BushpubliclyattackedAmerica’scorporatebosses.

D.Americanshavelittlefaithintheirbusinessaswellaspoliticalleaders.

問題2選項

A.didn'tintendtotakebusinessonandpushhardforreform

B.didnotdoanythingatallforthepresenceofthecurrentsituation

C.tookshareholders'rightintoaccount,buthedidn'tapprovereformbill

D.tooksomemeasurestopavethewayforthereform

問題3選項

A.Mr.BushisthesecondPresidentwithanMBAinAmericanhistory.

B.My.Bushcontributesalottodecade-longeconomicboom.

C.Mr.Bush’sapprovalratingsarestillhigh.

D.MyBushdidn'tgetsupportinhispresidentialcampaign.

問題4選項

A.indifferent

B.optimistic

C.skeptical

D.favorable

問題5選項

A.carryoutreform

B.boomeconomy

C.animatethevoters

D.attackchiefexecutive

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第三段：Isthebusinessman’spresidentreallypreparedtotakebusinessonandpushhardforreform?DespitethesetjawandaggrievedtoneinNewYork.Probablynot,雖然在紐約他緊咬牙關(guān)，語氣堅決，但很有可能他不會推行改革。確定A選項‘Bushhadtoofferconcretesuggestionsforreformaspoliticalpressureincrease.隨著政治壓力的增加，布什不得不提出具體的改革建議?！e誤，排除。根據(jù)第三段“wantstodoublethemaximumprisonsentenceforfinancialfraudfromfivetotenyears.希望將金融詐騙罪的最高刑期從5年提高一倍至10年?！_定B選項’現(xiàn)在的商業(yè)欺詐最長的刑期是5年‘正確。C選項根據(jù)語義’布什總統(tǒng)公開批判美國企業(yè)老板是可笑的‘，可判斷表述錯誤。根據(jù)在第三段末尾：PollsshowthatAmericanshavelittlefaithintheirbusinessleaders,butpoliticiansdonotseemtobesufferingasaresult.民意調(diào)查顯示，美國人對他們的商界領(lǐng)袖缺乏信心，但政客們似乎并沒有因此而受到影響。確定D選項’Americanshavelittlefaithintheirbusinessaswellaspoliticalleaders.美國人對他們的企業(yè)和政治領(lǐng)袖幾乎沒有信心?！e誤。

2.由第三段Isthebusinessman’spresidentreallypreparedtotakebusinessonandpushhardforreform?DespitethesetjawandaggrievedtoneinNewYork.Probablynot,雖然在紐約他緊咬牙關(guān)，語氣堅決，但很有可能他不會推行改革。確定A選項‘didn'tintendtotakebusinessonandpushhardforreform,布什不打算承擔(dān)重任，也不打算大力推進改革’正確。

3.根據(jù)文章第一段“他趁機利用了美國公司的成功”可排除選項B。根據(jù)第三段最后一句PollsshowthatAmericanshavelittlefaithintheirbusinessleaders,butpoliticiansdonotseemtobesufferingasaresult.Mr.Bush’sapprovalratingshavefallenfromtheirsky-highs,buttheyarestillverystrong.民意調(diào)查顯示，美國人對他們的商界領(lǐng)袖缺乏信心，但政客們似乎并沒有因此而受到影響。布什總統(tǒng)的支持率已經(jīng)從最高點下降，但是仍然非常強勁。確定C選項‘Mr.Bush’sapprovalratingsarestillhigh.’正確。

4.文章的最后一段講，隨著經(jīng)濟回暖，對改革的呼聲會越來越弱。但對美國的資本主義來講，卻錯失了個好機會。從中可以看出，作者是很希望改革的，他是贊同改革的。所以A選項正確。

5.文章的最后一句話提到“將會錯失絕好的機會”，這個機會指的是前一句提到的‘far-reachingreform’。所以A選項正確。

13.單選題

Theship’sgeneratorbrokedown,andthepumpshadtobeoperated______insteadofmechanically.

問題1選項

A.artificially

B.automatically

C.manually

D.synthetically

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.artificially人造地，人為地B.automatically自動地，機械地

C.manually手動地D.synthetically綜合地，合成地

【考查點】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)insteadof（而不是）可知，空格處和mechanically（機械地）是相對立的，所以要表示“人工的，手動的”，C項符合。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D項不符合句意。

【句意】這艘船的發(fā)電機壞了，水泵不得不用人工而不是機械操作。

14.單選題

（）thisdulllife,thefull-timemomdecidedtofindapart-timejob.

問題1選項

A.Tiedupwith

B.Fedupwith

C.Wrappedupin

D.Piledupwith

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項tiedupwith“和……有密切關(guān)系”，B項fedupwith“受夠了；極厭惡”，C項wrappedupin“醉心于……的；全心照料……的”，D項piledupwith“堆滿”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞dulllife（沉悶的生活）可知，空格處填入“厭倦”最合適。句意：厭倦了這種枯燥的生活，全職媽媽決定找一份兼職工作。因此，該題B項正確。

15.問答題

Normal

0

7.8磅

0

2

false

false

false

EN-US

ZH-CN

X-NONE

Insomequarters(A)qualitativeeasingisstillataintedterm,

associated(B)bothwithmercantilism,asaweaponinacurrencywar,or

(C)monetaryadventurism.Butthestigmaisfading.Indeedsomecentral

banksnowsaytheyaredoingQEevenwhen(D)theydon't.TheBankof

Korea,forexample,(E)hasresolvedtobuyunlimitedamountsofbondsfromfinancialinstitutionsthatpromiseto(F)repurchasethem

afterthreepurchases.FeweconomistswoulddescribethemasQE.Butfarfrom(H)resist

theterm,（）.(I)Everin

thefieldofcentralbankinghavesomanyworriedsolittleaboutbuyingso

much.

【答案】1.A，改成quantativeeasing。

2.B，改成eitherwith。

3.D，改成theyaren’t。

4.H，改成resisting。

5.I，改成Neverinthefieldof。

【解析】1.句意：在某些領(lǐng)域，QE仍是一個有污點的術(shù)語…。此段講的是“量化寬松(QE)”,其全程應(yīng)為quantativeeasing。

2.句意：要么與重商主義（作為貨幣戰(zhàn)爭中的武器）有聯(lián)系，要么與貨幣冒險主義有聯(lián)系。根據(jù)后面的連詞or可知，B處應(yīng)該是“eitherwith”，“either…or…”表示“要么…要么…”。

3.句意：一些央行現(xiàn)在確實表示自己正在實施量化寬松政策，盡管他們并沒有這么做。這里用了省略，實際上應(yīng)該是“whentheyarenotdoingQE”。

4.句意：但韓國銀行并沒有抵制這一術(shù)語…。Farfrom在此表示“遠飛，絕不，并沒有”，后面應(yīng)該接doingsth.。

5.句意：在中央銀行領(lǐng)域，從來沒有這么多人對購買這么多債券如此不擔(dān)心。根據(jù)句意可知，這里表示否定，所以應(yīng)該是否定詞never放句首，后面用了倒裝。

16.單選題

Themostprominentcharacteristicsofhandwritingareundoubtedlyletterformationandslant.

問題1選項

A.presumably

B.inmanycases

C.surely

D.withoutbias

【答案】C

【解析】presumably大概，推測起來，可假定；inmanycases在許多情況下；surely當(dāng)然，無疑；withoutbias不偏不倚。undoubtedly意為毫無疑問地，選項C與之意思最為相近。

17.單選題

Theshowculminatedinthepresentationofthedairyprincesscrown.

問題1選項

A.began

B.included

C.ended

D.cultivated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。題目中culminate表示“使結(jié)束，達到極點，達到高潮”；A選項為“開始”；B選項為“包括，包含”；C選項為“結(jié)束；終止”；D選項為“培養(yǎng)；栽培”。根據(jù)句意可知，表演因乳品公主皇冠的介紹而達到高潮，因此C項為正確答案。

18.單選題

Many（）cametothePresident’sreception.

問題1選項

A.person

B.characters

C.people

D.notables

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。person“人”；character“性格，品質(zhì)”；people“人，人類”；notable“名人，顯要人物”。句意：許多顯要人物前來參加總統(tǒng)的招待會。

19.不定項選擇題

ManyAmericansharboragrosslydistortedandexaggeratedviewofmostoftheriskssurroundingfood.FergusClydesdale,headofthedepartmentoffoodscienceandnutritionattheUniversityofMassachusetts-Amherst,saysbluntlythatifthedangersfrombacteriallycontaminatedchickenwereasgreatassomepeoplebelieve,“thestreetswouldbelitteredwithpeoplelyinghereandthere”.

Thoughthepublicincreasinglydemandsno-riskfood,thereisnosuchthing.BruceAmes,chairmanofthebiochemistrydepartmentattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,pointsoutthatupto10%ofaplant’sweightismadeupofnaturalpesticides.Sayshe,“Sinceplantsdonothavejawsorteethtoprotectthemselves,theyemploychemicalwarfare.”Andmanynaturallyproducedchemicals,thoughoccurringintinyamounts,proveinlaboratoryteststobestrongcarcinogens—asubstancewhichcancausecancer.Mushroomsmightbebannediftheywerejudgedbythesamestandardsthatapplytofoodadditives.DeclaresChristinaStark,anutritionistatCornellUniversity:“We’regotfarworsenaturalchemicalsinthefoodsupplythananythingman-made.”

Yettheissuesarenotthatsimple.WhileAmericanshavenoreasontobeterrifiedtositdownatthedinnertable,theyhaveeveryreasontodemandsignificantimprovementsinfoodandwatersafety.Theyunconsciouslyandunwillinglytakeintoomuchoftoomanydangerouschemicals.Iffoodalreadycontainsnaturalcarcinogens,itdoesnotmakemuchsensetoadddozensofnewman-madeones.Thoughmostpeoplewillwithstandthesmallamountsofcontaminantsgenerallyfoundinfoodandwater,atleastafewindividualswillprobablygetcanceronedaybecauseofwhattheyeatanddrink.Tomakegoodfoodandwatersuppliesevenbetter,theGovernmentneedstotightenitsregulatorystandards,stiffenitsinspectionprogramandstrengthenitsenforcementpolicies.Thefoodindustryshouldmodifysomelong-acceptedpracticesorturntolesshazardousalternatives.Perhapsmostimportant,consumerswillhavetodoabetterjoboflearninghowtohandleandcookfoodproperly.Theproblemsthatneedtobetackledexistallalongthefood-supplychainfromfieldstoprocessingplantstokitchens.

1.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheAmerican’sviewoftheirfood?

2.Theauthorconsidersitimpossibletoobtainno-riskfoodbecause（）.

3.Bysaying“theyemploychemicalwarfare”(Paragraph2,Line4),BruceAmesmeans（）.

4.Thereductionofthepossiblehazardsinfoodultimatelydependson（）.

5.Whatisthemessagetheauthorwantstoconveyinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Theyoverstatethegovernment’sinterferencewiththefoodindustry.

B.Theyareoveroptimisticaboutthesafetyoftheirfood.

C.Theyoverestimatethehazardsoftheirfood.

D.Theyoverlooktherisksofthefoodtheyeat.

問題2選項

A.nofoodisfreefrompollutionintheenvironment

B.pesticidesarewidelyusedinagriculture

C.manyvegetablescontaindangerousnaturalchemicals

D.almostallfoodshaveadditives

問題3選項

A.plantsproducecertainchemicalstocombatpestsanddiseases

B.plantsabsorbusefulchemicalstopromotetheirgrowth

C.farmersuseman-madechemicalstodissolvethenaturalchemicalsinplants

D.farmersusechemicalstoprotectplantsagainstpestsanddiseases

問題4選項

A.thegovernment

B.theprocessor

C.theconsumer

D.thegrower

問題5選項

A.Eatinganddrinkinghavebecomemorehazardousthanbefore.

B.Immediatemeasuresmustbetakentoimprovefoodproductionandprocessing.

C.Healthfoodisnotadreaminmodernsociety.

D.Thereisreasonforcautionbutnocauseforalarmwithregardtofoodconsumption.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到文章第一段第一句“ManyAmericansharboragrosslydistortedandexaggeratedviewofmostoftheriskssurroundingfood.許多美國人對圍繞食品的大多數(shù)風(fēng)險持有嚴(yán)重扭曲和夸大的看法。”可知C項“他們高估了食物的危害?！迸c原文相符；A項“他們夸大了政府對食品工業(yè)的干預(yù)”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達；B項“他們對食品的安全性過于樂觀?！保牟]有相關(guān)表達；D項“他們忽略了他們所吃食物的風(fēng)險。”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達。因此C選項正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到文章第二段第二句“…upto10%ofaplant’sweightismadeupofnaturalpesticides.……高達植物重量10%的成分是天然殺蟲劑。”可知A項“沒有一種食物是不受環(huán)境污染的”與原文相符。B項“農(nóng)藥在農(nóng)業(yè)中被廣泛使用”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達；C項“許多蔬菜包含危險的天然化學(xué)物質(zhì)”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達；D項“幾乎所有的食品都含有添加劑”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達。因此A選項正確。

第3題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第二段第三句“Sinceplantsdonothavejawsorteethtoprotectthemselves...因為植物沒有頜或牙齒來保護自己……”可知這里的“theyemploychemicalwarfare它們使用化學(xué)武器”代指“植物產(chǎn)生某些化學(xué)物質(zhì)來對抗蟲害和疾病”，由此知A項“植物產(chǎn)生某種化學(xué)物質(zhì)來對抗病蟲害”與原文相符。B項“植物吸收有用的化學(xué)物質(zhì)來促進它們的生長”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達；C項“農(nóng)民使用人造化學(xué)物質(zhì)溶解植物中的天然化學(xué)物質(zhì)”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達；D項“農(nóng)民使用化學(xué)藥品保護植物免受病蟲害”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達。因此A選項正確。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“Perhapsmostimportant,consumerswillhavetodoabetterjoboflearninghowtohandleandcookfoodproperly.也許最重要的是，消費者將不得不更好地學(xué)習(xí)如何正確處理和烹飪食物。”可知C項“消費者”正確。A項“政府”；B項“加工者”；D項“種植者”。因此C選項正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章最后一段第二句“WhileAmericanshavenoreasontobeterrifiedtositdownatthedinnertable,theyhaveeveryreasontodemandsignificantimprovementsinfoodandwatersafety.雖然美國人沒有理由害怕坐在餐桌前吃飯，但他們完全有理由要求顯著改善食品和水安全?！笨芍狣項“關(guān)于食物消費，有理由謹慎，但沒有理由驚慌?！迸c原文相符。A項“飲食變得比以前更危險?！保牟]有相關(guān)表達；B項“必須立即采取措施改善食品生產(chǎn)和加工。”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達；C項“健康食品在現(xiàn)代社會不再是一個夢。”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達。因此D選項正確。

20.單選題

UndertheBushadministrationAmericahasgonefromapolicyof“dualcontainment”ofIranandIraqtooneapproachingdualfailure.ItremovedtheironruleofSaddamHussein,butcreatedananarchicvoidinIraqintowhichIranhasextendeditsinfluence.ExhaustedbytheinsurgencyinIraq,AmericanowstruggletodealwiththemoreacutethreatofweaponsofmassdestructionposedbyIran’snuclearprogramme.America’sAraballiesmaybeterrifiedbythestrengtheningofIran，buttheyareevenmoreterrifiedbytheprospectofAmericanmilitaryactiontodestroyIran’snuclearfacilities.

InEuropethereisadegreeofacceptancethat,soonerorlater,theworldmayhavetodealwithanuclear-armedIran.SomeintheBushadministrationthough,regardthatprospectasevenmorehorrendousthantheconsequencesofattackingIran,whichmayincludemoreinstabilityinIraqandelsewhere,moreterrorismandthedisruptionofoilfromthePersianGulf.Thereisnocertainly,moreover,abouthowfarmilitarystrikescansetbackthenuclearprogramme,ifatall.

GeorgeBushhasrepeatedlysaidthat“allopinions”remainonhistable,bywhichhemeanstheuseofmilitaryforce.Buttheoneoptionhehasseemedlesskeenonistheidea,advocatedbymanyofseekinga“grandbargain”withIranonawholerangeofdisputes,fromthenuclearquestiontopeacewithIsrael.WhenAmericawasstrong,itfeltitdidnotneedtodealwithIran.Nowitisworriedbytheprospectoflookingweak.

Nevertheless,therehasbeenarealchangeofpolicysincethedayswhenMr.BushsaidIranwaspartofthe“axisofevil”.HisadministrationhasofferedtojoinnucleartalksifIransuspendsuraniumenrichment.RayTakeyh,anexpertonIran,arguesinthelatestissueofForeignAffairssays:bettertodealwiththepragmatists,andstrengthenthem,ratherthangivefreereintotheradicals.Hemayormaynotberight.

1.Accordingtothepassage,Americafailedto(

).

2.Thephrase“thatprospect”(Line2,Para3)refersto

(

)

.

3.

RayTakeyhurgedtheAmericagovernmentto(

)

.

問題1選項

A.containeitherIranofIraq

B.extenditsinfluenceinIran

C.createdananarchicvoidinIraq

D.removetheruleofSaddamHussein

問題2選項

A.AmericanmilitaryactiononIran

B.setbackinIran’snuclearprogram

C.anIranarmedwithnuclearweapons

D.America’sthreatinIran’sweapons

問題3選項

A.stopseeingIranaspartof“theaxisofevil”

B.holdnucleartalkswithIranwithnoconditions

C.suspendtheuraniumenrichmentprograminIran

D.adoptapragmaticratherradicalapproachtoIran

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)這篇文章，美國沒有做到______。第一段第二句說到“ItremovedtheironruleofSaddamHussein,butcreatedananarchicvoidinIraqintowhichIranhasextendeditsinfluence”，說明美國推倒了薩達姆的統(tǒng)治，在伊拉克造成了統(tǒng)治空白，伊朗趁機擴大了影響力，選項A、C、D都是美國做成的，但是B選項沒有。因此B選項符合題意。

2.指代題。第二段第一句“InEuropethereisadegreeofacceptablethat,soonerorlater,theworldmayhavetodealwithanuclear-armedIran”說到伊朗核武器的問題讓整個歐洲擔(dān)心。因此“thatprospect”說的就是“擁有核武器的伊朗”，C選項符合題意。

3.觀點題。題干：RayTakeyh敦促美國政府______。文章最后一段提到“bettertodealwiththepragmatists,andstrengthenthem,ratherthangivefreereintotheradicals”，更好的辦法是，與伊朗方面的實用派談判，而不是放任激進派。因此D選項符合題意。

21.翻譯題

Buildingadegreeoftransportationandinventorycostambiguityintothesystemdesignwillallowonetoestimatehighandlowvaluesforthesecosts,withthecomfortthatcostswillcomeinbetweentheseworstandbestcases.Globalsourcingsystemsarealsodynamiccreatures,subjecttochangeandimprovementovertime.Itisessentialthattheperformanceofthesourcingsystembemonitoredbyallpartiestothepartnershiptomaintainitscommonfocus.Severaladditionalitemsshouldbeconsideredwheneverinternationalsourcingisanalternativeforafirm:possibleuseofchildlabor,changingtariffstructures,foreigntradezones,exportingforassemblyinbond,andcountertrade.

【答案】

在系統(tǒng)設(shè)計中建立一定程度的運輸和庫存成本的模糊性，將可以估算出這些成本的高值和低值，而成本將會在這些最壞和最好的情況之間。全球采購系統(tǒng)也是動態(tài)的，隨著時間的推移會發(fā)生變化和改進。至關(guān)重要的是，結(jié)為伙伴關(guān)系的各方都要對采購系統(tǒng)的性能進行監(jiān)控，以確保達成共識。當(dāng)