考研考博-英語-同濟(jì)大學(xué)浙江學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-同濟(jì)大學(xué)浙江學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

ManyofthesecompaniesmovedtotheInlandSouthtotake()ofthelowerwagesandthelackofstronglaborunionsintheregion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.profit

B.advantage

C.favor

D.adventure

【答案】B

【解析】takeadvantageof為固定搭配，意為利用。句意：許多這樣的公司搬到南方內(nèi)陸地區(qū)，以利用當(dāng)?shù)毓べY較低和缺乏強(qiáng)有力的工會(huì)的優(yōu)勢。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

2.單選題

Her（

）mannerembarrassedtheothersattheparty.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.affable

B.tractable

C.sapid

D.gauche

【答案】D

【解析】affable和藹可親的，友善的；tractable易于管教的，易駕馭的；sapid有滋味的，有趣的；gauche笨拙的，粗魯?shù)?，不善交際的。句意：她在聚會(huì)上笨拙的舉止使其他人感到很尷尬。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

3.單選題

IhadvisitedthecapitalbeforealthoughmyfriendArthurhadnot,IfirstvisitedLondonasastudent,reluctantlyreleasedfromthebosomofatearfulmum,withatravelingtrunkstuffedfullofhome-madefruitcakesandwoollyvests.Iwasill-preparedfortheSpartanstandardsoftheSouth.Througheventhegrimmestpost-wardays,askidswehadploughedourwaythroughcornercutsofbeefandsteamedpuddings.SoyoucanimaginemydismaywhenIarrived,thatfirstday,atmyLondondigstobefacedwithaplateoftuna-pastesandwichesandathinsliceofcakeleftcurlingunderatea-towel.AndthatwassupposedtobeSundaylunch!

WhenIeventuallycaughtupwithmyextremelyirritatinglandlady,ImetwithavisionofsplendormoreinkeepingwiththeRoyalEnclosureattheracesthantheareainwhichshelived.Festoonedwithjewelsandfursandplasteredwithexclusivecosmetics,shewasawalkingadvertforBondStreet.

Now,wehaveanonetooelegantbutveryaptphraseforthisintheNorthofEngland,anditwastheonemyfriendArthurtodescribeLondonafterthreedaysthere:“Allfurcoatandnothingunderneath.”

Takeourhotel.Thereceptionareawasplushandinviting,theloungeanddining-roompoorenoughtostartArthurspeaking“properly”.Butjourneyupstairsfromonelandingtothenext,attheveneersofcivilizationfellawaybeforeyoureyes.Bythetimewereachedourroom,allpretensiontorefinementandcomforthaddisappeared.Thefurcoatwasoff(backinthebandsofthehirepurchasecompany),andwhatwewerereallyexpectedtoputupwithforasmallfortuneanightwasexposedinallitsshamefulnakedness.Itwaslittlemorethanagarret,ashabbyaffairwithpatchedandpeelingwalls.TherewasastainedsinkwithpipesthatgrumbledandmutteredallnightlongandanassortmentoffurnishingsthatwouldhavedisgracedHerMajesty’sPrisonService.Butthecrowningglorywastheviewfromthewindow.Apeekbehindthehandsomefacadeofourfabledcity,rankgardenschokedwithrubbish,allthedebrisoflifepiledagainstthebackdoor.Itwasagoodjobthewindowdidn’topen,becausefromitallarosetheunmistakableodoroftheabyss.

Arthur,whosemumstillpolishesherbackstepanddisinfectsherdustbinonceaweek,slumpedontothebedinasuddenfitofdepression.“Nevermind,”Isaid,drawingthecurtains.“Youcanwatchtelly.”Thiswasoneofthehotel’sluxuries,whichinthenewspaperadhadpersuadedusweweregoingtospendtheweekinstyle.Itturnedouttobeayellowingplasticthingwithapicturewhichrolledoverandoverlikeaflounderingfishuntilyoutookyourfisttoit.ButArthurwasn’tgoingtobeconsoledbyanycheaptechnologicalgimmicks.

Hewassurehisdadhadforgottentofeedhispigeonsandthathisdogswerepiningawayforhim.Hegrewhorriblyhomesick.Afteraterriblenightspenttossingandturningtoaceaselesscacophonyofpipesandfiredoors,traffic,drunksandlow-flyingaircraft,Arthursurfacednextdaylikeaclaustrophobicmole.Londonhadgotsquarelyontopofhim.Sevenmillionpeoplehadsatonhimallnight,breathedhisair,generallyfouledhislivingspace,andcomebetweenhimandthatdailyquotaofprivacyandpeacewhichpreventsusallfromdegeneratingintomadaxemenorreservoirpoisoners.

ArthurhadtobegotoutofLondonforawhile.

1.Whenthewriterfirstcametothecapital（）.

2.ThewriterwassurprisedatwhathereceivedforSundaylunchbecause（）.

3.ThelandladyseemedtoepitomizeaphraseusedintheNorthofEnglandtoindicatethatthingswere（）.

4.Theroomwhichthewriterandhisfriendweretoshare（）.

5.Thewriterfeelsthatinordertoremainsane,oneneedsacertainamountof（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hehadbeenveryreluctanttoleavehismother

B.hismotherhadnotwantedhimtoleavehome

C.hehadmadenopreparationsforhisjourneysouth

D.hehadsenthispossessionsonaheadinatrunk

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.foodhadalwaysbeenplentifulathome

B.hehadbeenusedtogrimmertimesathome

C.thingshadbeendifficultafterthewarupNorth

D.beefhadalwaysbeenavailablefromthebutcheronthecornerathome

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tenderunderneaththesurface

B.vulnerabletotheoutsideworld

C.moreprofoundthantheyseemed

D.beautifulbutonlysuperficially

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.wasmoresuitedtohousingprisonersthanhotelguests

B.hadamagnificentviewfromoneofitswindows

C.hadadoorwhichprovidedaccesstoarubbishtip

D.wassituatedabovesomefoul-smellinggardens

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.physicalexercise

B.freshair

C.dailynourishment

D.breathingspace

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:文章第一段提到我第一次在倫敦旅行時(shí)還是個(gè)學(xué)生。那時(shí)候依依不舍地離開媽媽的懷抱，還提著一個(gè)裝滿家里做的水果蛋糕和羊毛背心的旅行箱。所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第2題:文章第一段提到盡管是在戰(zhàn)后艱苦的日子，我們依然能吃到牛肉和蒸布丁，所以可以想象當(dāng)?shù)谝惶斓竭_(dá)倫敦寓所吃的食物的沮喪心情。所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。由題干定位至第三段。作者認(rèn)為旅店女老板的裝扮非常俗氣，而他的朋友亞瑟在那里待了三天后對倫敦的描述是：“所有的都是毛皮外套，里面什么都沒有”（Allfurcoatandnothingunderneath）。而后面一段描述了豪華的接待區(qū)和破敗的休息室和餐廳以及閣樓水槽等，并說到文明的表象就在你眼前消失了（attheveneersofcivilizationfellawaybeforeyoureyes）。由此可知，豪華的外表下竟是破敗的內(nèi)在。因此D項(xiàng)“虛有其表”正確。

第4題:作者和他的朋友的房間并不比頂樓大多少，四周是斑駁的墻壁。有一個(gè)褪了色的水池，水管整夜響不停，擺放的幾件家具還比不上英國監(jiān)獄局的。所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第5題:文章倒數(shù)第一段提到日常的隱私和平靜可以保護(hù)我們不會(huì)墮落成瘋狂的兇手（whichpreventsusallfromdegeneratingintomadaxemenorreservoirpoisoners），即一個(gè)人需要休息的場所和喘息的時(shí)間。所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.單選題

Somepeoplecriticizefamilydoctorsfor（）toomanymedicinesforminorillnesses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prescribing

B.ordering

C.advising

D.delivering

【答案】A

【解析】prescribing規(guī)定,開藥；ordering訂購；advising建議；delivering發(fā)表,投遞。句意：有些人批評家庭醫(yī)生為小病開的藥過多。

5.單選題

AUCSFstudyhasrevealednewinformationabouthowthebraindirectsthebodytomakemovements.Thekeyfactoris“noise”inthebrain’ssignaling,andithelpsexplainwhyallmovementisnotcarriedoutwiththesamelevelofprecision.

Understandingwherenoisearisesinthebrainhasimplicationsforadvancingresearchinneuromotorcontrolandindevelopingtherapiesfordisorderswherecontrolisimpaired,suchasParkinson’sdisease.

Thenewstudywasdeveloped“tounderstandbrainmachinerybehindsuchcommonmovementsastyping,walkingthroughadoorwayorjustpointingatanobject,”saysStephenLisberger,PhD,seniorstudyinvestigatorwhoisdirectoroftheW.M.KeckCenterforIntegrativeNeuroscienceattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.Studyco-investigatorsareLeslieC.Osborne,PhD,apostdoctoralfellowatUCSF,andWilliamBialek,PhD,professorofphysicsatPrincetonUniversity.

Thestudyfindings,reportedintheSeptember15issueofthejournalNature,arepartofongoingresearchbyLisbergerandcolleaguesontheneuralmechanismsthatallowthebraintolearnandmaintainskillsandbehavior.Thesebasicfunctionsarecarriedoutthroughthecoordinationofdifferentnervecellswithinthebrain’sneuralcircuits.“Tomakeamovement,thebraintakestheelectricalactivityofmanyneuronsandcombinesthemtomakemusclecontractions,”Lisbergerexplains.“Butthemovementsaren’talwaysperfect.Soweasked,whatgetsintheway?”Theanswer,hesays,is“noise”,whichisdefinedasthedifferencebetweenwhatisactuallyoccurringandwhatthebrainperceives.Heoffersmakingafoulshotinbasketballasanexample.Iftherewerenonoiseintheneuromotorsystem,aplayerwouldbeabletoperformthesamemotionoverandoverandnevermissashot.

“Understandinghownoiseisreducedtoveryprecisecommandshelpsusunderstandhowthosecommandsarecreated,”saysLisberger,whoalsoisaHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorandaUCSFprofessorofphysiology.

Inthestudy,theresearchteamfocusedonamovementthatallprimatesareveryskilledat:aneyemovementknownas“smoothpursuit”thatallowstheeyestotrackamovingtarget.Inaseriesofexerciseswithmonkeysinwhichtheanimalswouldtrackvisualtargets,theresearchersmeasuredneuralactivityandsmoothpursuiteyemovements.Fromthisdata,theteamanalyzedthedifferencebetweenhowaccuratelytheanimalsactuallytrackedamovingobjectandhowaccuratelythebrainperceivedthetrajectory.Findingsshowedthatboththesmoothpursuitsystemandthebrain’sperceptualsystemwerenearlyequal.

“Thisteachesusthattheseverydifferentneuralprocessesarelimitedtothesamedegreebythesamenoisesources,”saysLisberger.“Anditshowsthatbothprocessesareverygoodatreducingnoise.”Heconcludes,“Becausethebrainisnoisy,ourmotorsystemsdon’talwaysdowhatittellsusto.Makingprecisemovementsinthefaceofthisnoiseisachallenge.”

1.Ofthefollowingmovementsinstructedbythebrain,whichoneisNOTmentionedinthearticle?

2.Howdoesthebraindirectabodymovement?

3.Howdoes“noise”affectabasketballplayer’sperformance?

4.Whichofthefollowingtitlesdoesn’tbelongtoStephenLisberger?

5.Thefindingsofthestudywithmonkeysshowthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Pointingatanobject.

B.Walkingthroughadoorway.

C.Jogging.

D.Typing.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Bysendingsignalstothemusclesdirectly.

B.Bycombiningtheelectricalactivityofneurons.

C.Bysendingnervecellstothemuscles.

D.Bycreatingdifferentnervecircuits.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ithelpshimhitthetargeteverytime.

B.Itmakeshimaperfectplayer.

C.Itmakeshimmisstheshotsometimes.

D.Itallowshimtofollowthebraininstruction.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.HowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigator.

B.DirectoroftheW.M.KeckCenter.

C.UCSFprofessorofphysiology.

D.ProfessorofphysicsatPrincetonUniversity.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theeyemovementisnotinfluencedbythenoise

B.theanimalscantrackamovingtargetaccurately

C.differentneuralprocessesarelimiteddifferentlybydifferentnoisesources

D.thesamenoisesourcescanequallyaffectdifferentneuralprocesses

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第一句Thenewstudywasdeveloped“tounderstandbrainmachinerybehindsuchcommonmovementsastyping,walkingthroughadoorwayorjustpointingatanobject,”（新的研究是為了“了解打字、走過門口或只是指著一個(gè)物體等常見動(dòng)作背后的大腦機(jī)制?！保?，所以A選項(xiàng)“指著一個(gè)物體”，B選項(xiàng)“走過門口”，D選項(xiàng)“打字”，均在文中有所提及，排除A，B，D。C選項(xiàng)“慢跑”在文中沒有提及，所以選C。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第三句Tomakeamovement,thebraintakestheelectricalactivityofmanyneuronsandcombinesthemtomakemusclecontractions（大腦將許多神經(jīng)元的電流活動(dòng)結(jié)合起來，使肌肉收縮，從而做出動(dòng)作），說明大腦是通過將神經(jīng)元的電流活動(dòng)結(jié)合起來指揮身體運(yùn)動(dòng)的。因此B選項(xiàng)“通過結(jié)合神經(jīng)元的電流活動(dòng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“通過直接向肌肉發(fā)出信號”，C選項(xiàng)“通過向肌肉發(fā)送神經(jīng)細(xì)胞”，D選項(xiàng)“通過建立不同的神經(jīng)回路”均不符合題意，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Iftherewerenonoiseintheneuromotorsystem,aplayerwouldbeabletoperformthesamemotionoverandoverandnevermissashot.（如果神經(jīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中沒有噪音，球員就能反復(fù)做同一個(gè)動(dòng)作，永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)失誤。），說明噪音會(huì)造成球員的失誤。因此C選項(xiàng)“使他有時(shí)會(huì)失誤”正確。A選項(xiàng)“能幫助他每次都命中目標(biāo)”，B選項(xiàng)“使他成為一個(gè)完美的球員”，D選項(xiàng)“使他能聽從大腦的指令”和原文表達(dá)的意思相反，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第一句StephenLisberger,PhD,seniorstudyinvestigatorwhoisdirectoroftheW.M.KeckCenterforIntegrativeNeuroscienceattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.（斯蒂芬?里斯伯格博士，高級研究調(diào)查員，他是加州大學(xué)舊金山分校W.M.Keck綜合神經(jīng)科學(xué)中心的主任。），所以B選項(xiàng)“W.M.Keck中心主任”是斯蒂芬?里斯伯格的頭銜，排除B。同時(shí)可以定位到文章第五段saysLisberger,whoalsoisaHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorandaUCSFprofessorofphysiology.（里斯伯格說，他也是霍華德休斯醫(yī)學(xué)研究所的研究員和UCSF的生理學(xué)教授。），所以A選項(xiàng)“霍華德休斯醫(yī)學(xué)研究所的研究員”，C選項(xiàng)“UCSF的生理學(xué)教授”是斯蒂芬?里斯伯格的頭銜，排除A，C。D選項(xiàng)“普林斯頓大學(xué)物理學(xué)教授”，由原文可知這是威廉?比亞萊克博士的頭銜，不符合題意，所以選D。

5.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句Thisteachesusthattheseverydifferentneuralprocessesarelimitedtothesamedegreebythesamenoisesources（這告訴我們，這些截然不同的神經(jīng)過程在相同程度上受到相同噪聲源的限制），說明相同噪聲源會(huì)影響不同的神經(jīng)過程。因此D選項(xiàng)“相同的噪聲源可以同樣影響不同的神經(jīng)過程”正確。A選項(xiàng)“眼球運(yùn)動(dòng)不受噪聲的影響”，B選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)物能準(zhǔn)確地跟蹤移動(dòng)的目標(biāo)”，C選項(xiàng)“不同的神經(jīng)過程受到不同噪聲源的限制不同”和原文的表述不符，所以A，B，C錯(cuò)誤。

6.單選題

Ifyouwanttogetintothattunnel,youfirsthaveto____awayalltherocks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.haul

B.transfer

C.repel

D.dispose

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.haul（用力）拖；拉；拽B.transfer（使）轉(zhuǎn)移；搬遷

C.repel擊退；驅(qū)逐D.dispose排列；布置；安排

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：如果你想進(jìn)入隧道，你必須先……所有的巖石。根據(jù)句意，進(jìn)入隧道前要把阻擋的巖石移走。因此選A選項(xiàng)正確，表示用力拖走巖石。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)transfer“（使）轉(zhuǎn)移；搬遷”，多指到新地方，到新的工作、學(xué)校、環(huán)境；該選項(xiàng)不符合語境；

C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。

【句意】如果你想進(jìn)入隧道，你首先得把所有的石頭都拖走。

7.單選題

RogerRosenblatt’sbookBlackFiction,inattemptingtoapplyliteraryratherthansociopoliticalcriteriatoitssubject,successfullyalterstheapproachtakenbymostpreviousstudies.AsRosenblattnotes,criticismofBlackwritinghasoftenservedasapretextforexpoundingonBlackhistory.AddisonGayle’srecentwork,forexample,judgesthevalueofBlackFictionbyovertlypoliticalstandards,ratingeachworkaccordingtothenotionsofBlackidentitywhichitpropounds.

Althoughfictionassuredlyspringsfrompoliticalcircumstances,itsauthorsreacttothosecircumstancesinwaysotherthanideological,andtalkingaboutnovelsandstoriesprimarilyasinstrumentsofideologycircumventsmuchofthefictionalenterprise.Rosenblatt’sliteraryanalysisdisclosesaffinitiesandconnectionsamongworksofBlackFictionwhichsolelypoliticalstudieshaveoverlookedorignored.

WritingacceptablecriticismofBlackFiction,however,presupposesgivingsatisfactoryanswerstoanumberofquestions.Firstofall,isthereasufficientreason,otherthantheracialidentitytotheauthors,togrouptogetherworksbyBlackauthors?Second,howdoesBlackFictionmakeitselfdistinctfromothermodernfictionwithwhichitislargelycontemporaneous?RosenblattshowsthatBlackFictionconstitutesadistinctbodyofwritingthathasanidentifiable,coherentliterarytradition.LookingatnovelswrittenbyBlacksoverthelasteightyyears,hediscoversrecurringconcernsanddesignsindependentofchronology.Thesestructuresarethematic,andtheyspring,notsurprisingly,fromthecentralfactthattheBlackcharactersinthesenovelsexistinapredominantlyWhiteculture,whethertheytrytoconformtothatcultureorrebelagainstit.

BlackFictiondoesleavesomeaestheticquestionsopen.Rosenblatt’sthematicanalysispermitsconsiderableobjectivity,heevenexplicitlystatesthatitisnothisintentiontojudgethemeritofthevariousworks,yethisreluctanceseemsmisplaced,especiallysinceanattempttoappraisemighthaveledtointerestingresults.Forinstance,someofthenovelsappeartobestructurallydiffuse.Isthisadefect,oraretheauthorsworkingoutof,ortryingtoforge,adifferentkindofaesthetic?Inaddition,thestyleofsomeBlacknovels,likeJeanTommer’sCane,vergesonexpressionismorsurrealism;doesthistechniqueprovideacounterpointtotheprevalentthemethatportraysthefateagainstwhichBlackheroesarepitted,athemeusuallyconveyedbymorenaturalisticmodesofexpression?

Inspiteofsuchomissions,whatRosenblattdoesincludeinhisdiscussionmakesforanastuteandworthwhilestudy.BlackFictionsurveysawidevarietyofnovels,bringingtoourattentionintheprocesssomefascinatingandlittle-knownworkslikeJamesWeldonJohnson’sAutobiographyofanEx-coloredMan.Itsargumentistightlyconstructed,anditsforthright,lucidstyleexemplifieslevelheadedandpenetratingcriticism.

26.TheauthorofthepassageobjectstocriticismofBlackFictionlikethatbyAddisonGaylebecauseit________.

27.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith________.

28.TheauthorofthepassagebelievesthatBlackFictionwouldhavebeenimproved,hadRosenblatt________.

29.Theauthor’sdiscussionofBlackFictioncanbebestdescribedas________.

30.ItcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthepassagewouldbeLEASTlikelytoapproveofwhichofthefollowing?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.emphasizespurelyliteraryaspectsofsuchfiction

B.misinterpretstheideologicalcontentofsuchfiction

C.misunderstandsthenotionsofBlackidentitycontainedinsuchfiction

D.substitutespoliticalforliterarycriteriainevaluatingsuchfiction

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.evaluatingthesoundnessofaworkofcriticism

B.comparingvariouscriticalapproachestoasubject

C.discussingthelimitationsofaparticularkindofcriticism

D.summarizingthemajorpointsmadeinaworkofcriticism

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.evaluatedmorecarefullytheideologicalandhistoricalaspectsofBlackFiction

B.attemptedtobemoreobjectiveinhisapproachtonovelsandstoriesbyBlackFiction

C.exploredingreaterdetailtherecurrentthematicconcernsofBlackFictionthroughoutitshistory

D.assessedtherelativeliterarymeritofthenovelsheanalyzesthematically

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.pedanticandcontentious

B.criticalbutadmiring

C.ironicanddeprecating

D.argumentativebutunfocused

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.AnanalysisoftheinfluenceofpoliticaleventsonthepersonalideologyofBlackwriters.

B.AcriticalstudythatappliessociopoliticalcriteriatoautobiographiesbyBlackauthors.

C.AliterarystudyofBlackpoetrythatappraisesthemeritsofpoemsaccordingtothepoliticalacceptabilityoftheirthemes.

D.AnexaminationofthegrowthofadistinctBlackliterarytraditionwithinthecontextofBlackhistory.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】26.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句AddisonGayle’srecentwork,forexample,judgesthevalueofBlackFictionbyovertlypoliticalstandards,ratingeachworkaccordingtothenotionsofBlackidentitywhichitpropounds.（例如，艾迪生?蓋爾最近的作品通過公開的政治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來評價(jià)《黑人小說》的價(jià)值，根據(jù)其中提出的黑人身份概念來對每一部作品進(jìn)行評級。），可知作者反對艾迪生用政治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評價(jià)《黑人小說》，D選項(xiàng)“用政治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代替文學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來評價(jià)這類小說”正確，A選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)這種小說的純文學(xué)方面”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“誤解了這種小說的意識形態(tài)內(nèi)容”和C選項(xiàng)“誤解了這種小說中包含的黑人身份的概念”不是對艾迪生作品的描述，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

27.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段第一句WritingacceptablecriticismofBlackFiction,however,presupposesgivingsatisfactoryanswerstoanumberofquestions.（然而，要寫出對《黑人小說》的可接受的評論，就必須對一些問題給出令人滿意的答案。），可知作者在討論如何讓對《黑人小說》的評論令大部分人接受，也就是合理，A選項(xiàng)“評價(jià)一部評論作品的合理性”正確。B選項(xiàng)“比較對某一主題的各種評論方法”，C選項(xiàng)“討論一種特定評論的局限性”和D選項(xiàng)“總結(jié)評論作品中的主要觀點(diǎn)”文章沒有提到。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

28.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句Rosenblatt’sthematicanalysispermitsconsiderableobjectivity,heevenexplicitlystatesthatitisnothisintentiontojudgethemeritofthevariousworks,yethisreluctanceseemsmisplaced,especiallysinceanattempttoappraisemighthaveledtointerestingresults.（羅森布拉特的主題分析允許相當(dāng)?shù)目陀^性，他甚至明確表示，他無意評判各種作品的價(jià)值，但他的不情愿似乎放錯(cuò)了地方，特別是因?yàn)樵噲D評價(jià)可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生有趣的結(jié)果。），可知作者認(rèn)為要是能夠評價(jià)其（文學(xué)）價(jià)值就更好了，D選項(xiàng)“評價(jià)他從主題上分析的小說的相關(guān)文學(xué)價(jià)值”正確，B選項(xiàng)“試圖用更客觀的方法來看待黑人作家的小說和故事”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“更仔細(xì)地評價(jià)《黑人小說》的意識形態(tài)和歷史方面”：根據(jù)第二段第一句talkingaboutnovelsandstoriesprimarilyasinstrumentsofideologycircumventsmuchofthefictionalenterprise.（將小說和故事主要地當(dāng)作意識形態(tài)的工具來探討，會(huì)在相當(dāng)程度上阻礙小說事業(yè)。），可知作者不支持探討小說的意識形態(tài)，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“更詳細(xì)地探討《黑人小說》在其歷史上反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的主題關(guān)切”文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

29.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段第一句BlackFictiondoesleavesomeaestheticquestionsopen.（《黑人小說》確實(shí)存在一些美學(xué)問題。）和文章最后一句Itsargumentistightlyconstructed,anditsforthright,lucidstyleexemplifieslevelheadedandpenetratingcriticism.（它的論點(diǎn)和結(jié)構(gòu)緊密，直率、清晰的風(fēng)格體現(xiàn)了冷靜和尖銳的批評。），作者指出了《黑人小說》的一些問題，在最后對其進(jìn)行肯定，B選項(xiàng)“批判而贊賞”正確。A選項(xiàng)“賣弄學(xué)問，有爭議”，C選項(xiàng)“諷刺并反對”和D選項(xiàng)“爭論但不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)”不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

30.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段第一句RogerRosenblatt’sbookBlackFiction,inattemptingtoapplyliteraryratherthansociopoliticalcriteriatoitssubject,successfullyalterstheapproachtakenbymostpreviousstudies.（羅杰?羅森布拉特的著作《黑人小說》試圖將文學(xué)而非社會(huì)政治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)用于其研究對象，成功地改變了以前大多數(shù)研究采用的研究方法。），可知作者這里想要肯定根據(jù)文學(xué)本身而非政治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)研究文學(xué)，所以C選項(xiàng)“黑人詩歌的文學(xué)研究，根據(jù)詩歌主題的政治可接受性來評價(jià)詩歌的價(jià)值”，不符合文章意思，正確。A選項(xiàng)“政治事件對黑人作家個(gè)人意識形態(tài)的影響分析”和B選項(xiàng)“一項(xiàng)將社會(huì)政治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)用于黑人作家自傳的批判性研究”：根據(jù)第一段第二、三句AsRosenblattnotes,criticismofBlackwritinghasoftenservedasapretextforexpoundingonBlackhistory.AddisonGayle’srecentwork,forexample,judgesthevalueofBlackFictionbyovertlypoliticalstandards,ratingeachworkaccordingtothenotionsofBlackidentitywhichitpropounds.（羅森布拉特指出，對黑人作品的批評常常成為闡述黑人歷史的借口。例如，艾迪生?蓋爾最近的作品通過公開的政治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來評價(jià)《黑人小說》的價(jià)值，根據(jù)其中提出的黑人身份概念來對每一部作品進(jìn)行評級。），可知?dú)v史事件常常影響作家，并且作者不贊同通過政治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評價(jià)文學(xué)作品，符合文章意思。D選項(xiàng)“在黑人歷史的背景下考察一個(gè)獨(dú)特的黑人文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)的成長”：文章通過這部改變了以前大多數(shù)研究采用的研究方法的《黑人小說》作為例子講述了黑人文學(xué)的成長，符合文章意思。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Thisnationhasbecomethefastest-growinggrainimportmarket,whichisdrivenbothbyrapidpopulationgrowthandbyrisingaffluence.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.friction

B.bankruptcy

C.poverty

D.riches

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.friction摩擦；爭執(zhí)B.bankruptcy破產(chǎn)

C.poverty貧困D.riches財(cái)富

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文，糧食進(jìn)口增加，說明花了更多的錢進(jìn)口糧食，其原因是人口增加以及錢增加，只有D選項(xiàng)riches“財(cái)富”符合語境，原詞affluence“富?！?。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均與有更多的錢無關(guān)。

【句意】這個(gè)國家已經(jīng)成為增長最快的糧食進(jìn)口市場，這是由人口快速增長和日益富裕所驅(qū)動(dòng)的。

9.單選題

Theearlyuseofa[A]completesteelframefortoweringbuildings[B]appearedinthe[C]firstskyscraper,[D]builtonChicagoin1883.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complete

B.appeared

C.firstskyscraper

D.builton

【答案】D

【解析】【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】介詞的用法。

【解題思路】表達(dá)在某個(gè)城市時(shí)，應(yīng)選用介詞in。因此應(yīng)將D選項(xiàng)改為builtin。

【句意】1883年在芝加哥建造的第一座摩天大樓就使用了完整鋼框架。

10.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

“Theideaofdeath,thefearofit,hauntsthehumananimallikenothingelse,”wroteErnestBeckerinhisbook.Butwedon’tneedtoworrysomuch,accordingtonewresearchcomparingourperceptionofwhatit’sliketodiewiththeaccountsfrompeoplefacingimminentdeath.Researchersanalyzedthewritingsofregularbloggerswitheitherterminalcancerwhoalldiedoverthecourseofthestudy,andcomparedittoblogpostswrittenbyagroupofparticipantswhoweretoldtoimaginetheyhadbeendiagnosedwithterminalcancerandhadonlyafewmonthstolive.Theylookedforgeneralfeelingsofpositivityandnegativity,andwordsdescribingpositiveandnegativeemotionsincludinghappiness,fearandterror.Blogpostsfromtheterminallyillwerefoundtohaveconsiderablymorepositivewordsandfewernegativeonesthanthoseimaginingtheyweredying—andtheiruseofpositivelanguageincreasedastheygotclosertodeath.

LisaIverach,aresearchfellowattheUniversityofSydney,explainedthatthestudyhighlightshowtheparticipantsmayhavebeenlessnegativebecausethemysteryarounddeathwasremoved.“Individualsfacingimminentdeathhavehadmoretimetoprocesstheideaofdeathanddying,andtherefore,maybemoreacceptingoftheinevitabilityofdeath.”Butnotallofuswillknowhow,orwhen,we’regoingtodieinadvance,andthereforewillmissoutonanybenefitstobehadbyuncoveringitsuncertainty.

HaviCarel,ProfessorofPhilosophyattheUniversityofBristol,agreeswiththestudy’sfindingsonhowadaptableweare.“Theinitialshockafterreceivingapoorprognosisishorrific,butaftermonthsoryearsoflivingwiththisknowledge,thedreadsubsides,”shesaid.However,Carelalsopointedoutthatthere’sanimportantdistinctionbetweenpositiveresponsesandpleasantness,andthattherearesomeunpleasantandpainfuleventswe’dstillbepositiveabout,suchaschildbirth.

InWesternculture,wetendtopretenddeathdoesn’texist,whereasresearchhasindicatedthattheEastAsianyinandyangphilosophyofdeath—wherelifecan’texistwithoutdeath—allowsindividualstousedeathasaremindertoenjoylife.“IthinktheUKandtheUSaredeath-denyingcultures,inthatdeathismostlyavoidedasatopic.”Heflicksaid.“Whileavoidingtalkingaboutdeathcanreducediscomfortintheshortterm,itprobablymakesmostofusmuchmoreanxiousaboutdeathinthelongterm.”

36.AccordingtoErnestBecker,peopleusually________.

37.Accordingtotheresearchers,peoplefacedwithimminentdeath________thanthosewhoimaginedtheyhavecancer.

38.AccordingtoLisaIverach,peoplewhohavebeendiagnosedwithcanceraremorepositive,because________.

39.AccordingtoHaviCarel,thepositivefeelingandunpleasantfeeling________.

40.InAsianculture,peopletakedeathassomething________.

41.PeopleinWesternculturesavoidtalkingaboutdeathbecause________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.havemixedfeelingsaboutdeath

B.regarddeathasanadventure

C.arepuzzledbytherealmeaningofdeath

D.dreaddeathmostcomparedwithotherthings

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.aremorethoughtful

B.aremorepositive

C.morefrightened

D.aremoreconcernedwiththeirlaterlife

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.peopleuncoverthemysteryofdeath

B.peoplelearntokeeppeacefulminds

C.peoplefocustheirmindsonthefamily

D.peoplehavetomanagetheirtimemeaningfully

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.aredifficultforpeopletodistinguish

B.areeasyforpeopletogetusedto

C.maybeunderstoodbetterbywomen

D.couldbeexperiencedatthesametime

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.sensitive

B.deniable

C.toremindpeopletotreasuretheirlife

D.tobedealtwithmoreseriously

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.theywanttoreducetheiranxiety

B.theyenjoyeverydayoftheirlives

C.theyvaluethepresentmorethanthefuture

D.theyprefertoprocesstheideaindividually

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:A

【解析】36.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

AccordingtoErnestBecker,peopleusually________.根據(jù)歐內(nèi)斯特?貝克爾的說法，人們通常________。

A.havemixedfeelingsaboutdeathA.對死亡有不同的感受

B.regarddeathasanadventureB.視死亡為一種冒險(xiǎn)

C.arepuzzledbytherealmeaningofdeathC.對死亡的真正含義感到困惑

D.dreaddeathmostcomparedwithotherthingsD.與其他事物相比，最害怕死亡

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ErnestBecker可以定位到文章第一段第一句“歐內(nèi)斯特?貝克爾在他的書中寫道：‘死亡的想法和對其的恐懼，無與倫比地（likenothingelse）縈繞著人類。’”，說明歐內(nèi)斯特?貝克爾認(rèn)為死亡是人類最害怕的事物。因此D選項(xiàng)“與其他事物相比，最害怕死亡”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“對死亡有不同的感受”，B選項(xiàng)“視死亡為一種冒險(xiǎn)”和C選項(xiàng)“對死亡的真正含義感到困惑”在文章中均沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

37.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtotheresearchers,peoplefacedwithimminentdeath________thanthosewhoimaginedtheyhavecancer.根據(jù)研究人員的說法，面對即將到來的死亡的人比那些想象自己患有癌癥的人________。

A.aremorethoughtfulA.更加深思熟慮

B.aremorepositiveB.更加積極

C.morefrightenedC.更加驚慌失措

D.aremoreconcernedwiththeirlaterlifeD.更關(guān)心自己的晚年生活

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】由題干關(guān)鍵詞imagined可以定位到文章第一段最后一句“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，與那些想象自己即將死亡的人（imaginingtheyweredying）相比，身患絕癥的人的博客文章中有更多積極的詞匯（morepositivewords），而消極的詞匯則更少，而且隨著他們離死亡越來越近，他們使用的積極語言也越來越多?！?，說明研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)即將面臨死亡的人比想象自己患有癌癥即將死去的人更加積極、樂觀。因此B選項(xiàng)“更加積極”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“更加深思熟慮”和D選項(xiàng)“更關(guān)心自己的晚年生活”在文章中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“更加驚慌失措”，文章中描述他們是積極樂觀的，而不是慌張的，屬于反向干擾。

38.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

AccordingtoLisaIverach,peoplewhohavebeendiagnosedwithcanceraremorepositive,because________.根據(jù)麗莎?伊維拉奇的說法，被診斷出患有癌癥的人更加積極，因?yàn)開_______。

A.peopleuncoverthemysteryofdeathA.人們揭開了死亡的神秘面紗

B.peoplelearntokeeppeacefulmindsB.人們學(xué)會(huì)保持平和的心態(tài)

C.peoplefocustheirmindsonthefamilyC.人們把心思放在家庭上

D.peoplehavetomanagetheirtimemeaningfullyD.人們要有意義地管理自己的時(shí)間

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞LisaIverach可以定位到文章第二段第一句“悉尼大學(xué)的研究人員麗莎?伊維拉奇解釋說，這項(xiàng)研究強(qiáng)調(diào)了參與者可能因?yàn)樗劳龅纳衩馗斜幌╰hemysteryarounddeathwasremoved）而變得不那么消極?！保f明麗莎?伊維拉奇對于參與者更加積極這種現(xiàn)象的解釋是他們可能因?yàn)橄藝@死亡的神秘感而減少了負(fù)面情緒。因此A選項(xiàng)“人們揭開了死亡的神秘面紗”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“人們學(xué)會(huì)保持平和的心態(tài)”，C選項(xiàng)“人們把心思放在家庭上”和D選項(xiàng)“人們要有意義地管理自己的時(shí)間”在文章中均沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

39.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

AccordingtoHav