考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川機(jī)電職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川機(jī)電職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Becausemanyofthemineralsfoundontheoceanfloorarestill（

）onlandwhereminingisrelativelyinexpensive,miningtheoceanfloorhasyettobecomea（

）enterprise.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mon

B.accessible...marginal

C.unidentified...subsidized

D.fitable

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)的scarce“缺乏的，罕見(jiàn)的”；common“普通的，常見(jiàn)的，共有的，一般的，平常的”；B選項(xiàng)的accessible“可到達(dá)的，可進(jìn)入的，易懂的，易接近的”；marginal“邊緣的，末端的”;C選項(xiàng)的unidentified“未經(jīng)確認(rèn)的，無(wú)法識(shí)別的，身份不明的”；subsidize“給與補(bǔ)助金，賄賂”；D選項(xiàng)的plentiful“大量的，眾多的，充足的，豐富的”；profitable“有利的，贏利的”。根據(jù)句意‘由于海底發(fā)現(xiàn)的許多礦物在陸地上仍然大量存在，且陸地上開(kāi)采又相對(duì)廉價(jià)，因此，對(duì)海底開(kāi)采還有待于變成一種有利可圖的事業(yè)’確定D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

AgreementmadebythePresidentwithothercountries____theapprovaloftheSenate.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.issubjectedto

B.issubjectto

C.subjected

D.subject

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.issubjectedto遭到；受到B.issubjectto受支配于

C.subjected使遭受（過(guò)去分詞）D.subject受……支配的；取決于，adj.

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】短語(yǔ)辨析

【解題思路】空格處為原句缺少的謂語(yǔ)，前后語(yǔ)義為“總統(tǒng)與其他國(guó)家達(dá)成的協(xié)議____經(jīng)參議院批準(zhǔn)?！庇纱丝芍?，該句表達(dá)的是總統(tǒng)簽訂的協(xié)議需要經(jīng)過(guò)參議員的審批，issubjecttotheapprovaloftheSenate“需要經(jīng)過(guò)參議員的審批”，B選項(xiàng)issubjectto“受支配于”符合語(yǔ)義。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)issubjectedto“遭到；受到”，指使（某人/某事物）經(jīng)歷、遭受不愉快的事情或受不愉快的事物的影響；

C選項(xiàng)subjected“使遭受（過(guò)去分詞）”，不符合語(yǔ)境；

D選項(xiàng)subject“受……支配的；取決于，adj.”，不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)。

【句意】總統(tǒng)與其他國(guó)家達(dá)成的協(xié)議需經(jīng)參議院批準(zhǔn)。

3.單選題

TheforeignstudentinChinais（

）withagooddealofChineseculture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.scattered

B.overflowed

C.permeated

D.manipulated

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)scattered“分散的，散亂的”；B選項(xiàng)overflowed“溢出的”；C選項(xiàng)permeated“滲透，彌漫”，bepermeatedwith洋溢著；D選項(xiàng)manipulated“操作”。句意：在中國(guó)的外國(guó)學(xué)生洋溢著大量的中國(guó)文化氣息。選項(xiàng)C更符合語(yǔ)境。

4.單選題

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itsbenefits.

B.ltseffects.

C.ltsdisadvantages.

D.ltsusefulness.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.lthelpstosimplifythetask.

B.ltmakestheclinicalinformationsystemsmorecomplex.

C.Itismoredifficultwithoutclinicalinformationsystem.

D.ltissimplertocarrythetaskout.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareforcedtobebrief.

B.Theysavedoctor'stime.

C.Theytendtobelongbutmeaningless.

D.Theyarewelcomedbydoctors.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

【解析】第1題:對(duì)于臨床信息系統(tǒng)，對(duì)話中的描述是“Complexclinicalinformationsystemsmakesimpletasksdifficulttocarryout（復(fù)雜的臨床信息系統(tǒng)使得簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù)難以執(zhí)行）”，這是在說(shuō)它的缺點(diǎn)，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:這個(gè)女性提到醫(yī)生對(duì)于這個(gè)軟件的抱怨“Complexclinicalinformationsystemsmakesimpletasksdifficulttocarryout（復(fù)雜的臨床信息系統(tǒng)使得簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù)難以執(zhí)行）”，說(shuō)明這個(gè)軟件其實(shí)使得臨床信息系統(tǒng)更加復(fù)雜了，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:最后一句說(shuō)到“Thesenotesareoftenexcessivelylongandlackingmeaning（計(jì)算機(jī)生成的臨床記錄一般都很長(zhǎng)而且毫無(wú)意義）”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合文意。

5.單選題

Thecommitteeis（

）adecisionfromtheheadquartersbeforeittakesanyaction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.waiting

B.awaitingfor

C.awaiting

D.anticipating

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。wait“等候”；awaitfor這個(gè)詞組不常見(jiàn)；await“等候”；anticipate“預(yù)期；期望”。句意：采取任何行動(dòng)之前，委員會(huì)正在等待總部的一個(gè)決定。wait后面要接一個(gè)介詞for再加等待的對(duì)象；await可以直接接賓語(yǔ)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

Afriendshipmaybe（）,casual,situationalordeepandlasting.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.identical

B.superficial

C.critical

D.original

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。identical同一的，完全相同的；superficial表面的，膚淺的；critical批判的，愛(ài)挑剔的；original原始的，最初的。句意：友誼可以是、隨意的、情境性的，也可以是深刻而持久的。根據(jù)句意可知填空處的詞應(yīng)與deep和lasting意義相反，且與casual和situational意義相似，選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

7.單選題

Themostinterestingnewcarsmayowe()thesimplewisdomofhiringafewtalentedpeopleandallowingthemtowork.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lesslocalfree-spiritednessthan

B.lesslocalfree-spiritednessthanto

C.tolesslocalfree-spiritednessthanto

D.lesstolocalfree-spiritednessthanto

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。oweto“歸功于”是固定搭配，與比較級(jí)less…than連用，應(yīng)為owelessto…thanto…。句意：最有趣的新車(chē)與其說(shuō)得益于當(dāng)?shù)氐淖杂删?，還不如說(shuō)是得益于一種簡(jiǎn)單的智慧，即雇傭幾個(gè)能人，并讓他們?yōu)橹ぷ鳌Ｒ虼薉選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Herspeechwas（

）andcausedalotofangrycomment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prospective

B.prone

C.provocative

D.promising

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)prospective“未來(lái)的，預(yù)期的”；B選項(xiàng)prone“有…傾向的”；C選項(xiàng)provocative“刺激的，挑撥的，氣人的”；D選項(xiàng)promising“有希望的”。句意：她的演講很氣人，引起了許多憤怒的評(píng)論。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

9.單選題

Sincethefirstbrainscannerwasconstructedseveralyearsago,computedtomographyorcomputedmedicalimagery,hasbecomefairlywidelyused,itsrapidacceptanceisduetothefactthatithasovercomeseveralofthedrawbacksofconventionalX-raytechnology.

Tobeginwith,conventionaltwo-dimensionalX-raypicturescannotshowalloftheinformationcontainedinathree-dimensionobject.Thingsatdifferentdepthsaresuperimposed,causingconfusiontotheviewer.Thecomputerisabletoreconstructpicturesofthebody'sinteriorbymeasuringthevaryingintensitiesofX-raybeamspassingthroughsectionsofthebodyfromhundredsofdifferentangles.Suchpicturesarebasedonseriesofthin"slices",

Inaddition,conventionalX-raygenerallydifferentiatesonlybetweenboneandair,asinthechestandlungs.Theycannotdistinguishsofttissuesorvariationsintissues.Theliverandpancreasarenotdiscernibleatall,andcertainotherorgansmayonlyberenderedvisiblethroughtheuseofradiopaquedye.Sincecomputedtomographyismuchmoresensitive,thesofttissuesofthekidneysorthelivercanbeseenandclearlydifferentiated.ThistechniquecanalsoaccuratelymeasuredifferentdegreesofX-rayabsorption,facilitatingthestudyofthenatureoftissue.

AthirdproblemwithconventionalX-raymethodsistheirinabilitytomeasurequantitativelytheseparatedensitiesoftheindividualsubstancesthroughwhichtheX-rayhaspassed.Onlythemeanabsorptionofallthetissuesisrecorded.Thisisnotaproblemwithcomputedtomography.Itcanaccuratelylocateatumorandsubsequentlymonitortheprogressofradiationtreatment,sothatinadditiontoitsdiagnosticcapabilities,itcanplayasignificantroleintherapy.

1.ConventionalX-raysmainlyshowthedifferencebetween（

）.

2.Whatkindofviewismadepossiblebycontiguouscrosssectionsofthebody?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat，comparedtoconventionalX-raytechniques,computedtomographyismore

（

）.

4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthisnewtechnique?

5.Accordingtothepassage,computedtomographycanbeusedforallofthefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.boneandair

B.liverandpancreas

C.muscleandotherbodytissues

D.heartandlungs

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Two-dimensional

B.Three-dimensional

C.Animated

D.Intensified

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.compact

B.rapid

C.economical

D.informative

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Cautious

B.Tolerant

C.Enthusiastic

D.Critical

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.monitoringapatient'sdisease

B.diagnosingdisorders

C.locatingtumors

D.reconstructingdamagedtissues

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:Inaddition，conventionalX-raygenerallydifferentiatesonlybetweenboneandair,asinthechestandlungs(另外，傳統(tǒng)X光射線通常只能在骨頭和空隙之間做出區(qū)分，比如胸腔和肺),由此可知A項(xiàng)“骨頭和空隙”。

2.判斷推理題。題干問(wèn)的是:身體相鄰交叉部位可能成什么樣的像？第二段指出:Tobeginwith,conventionaltwo-dimensionalX-raypicturescannotshowalloftheinformationcontainedinathree-dimensionobject.Thingsatdifferentdepthsaresuperimposed,causingconfusiontotheviewer(首先，傳統(tǒng)的二維X光射線成像不能顯示包含在三維物體里的所有信息。因?yàn)椴煌瑢用娌煌疃鹊挠绊懯钳B加的，這會(huì)使觀察者困惑),因此B項(xiàng)“三維的”正確。

3.判斷推理題。題干問(wèn)的是:和傳統(tǒng)X光射線相比,計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描更加…。第二段指出:Tobeginwith,conventionaltwo-dimensionalX-raypicturescannotshowalloftheinformationcontainedinathree-dimensionobject.Thingsatdifferentdepthsaresuperimposed,causingconfusiontotheviewer(首先，傳統(tǒng)的二維X光射線成像不能顯示包含在三維物體里的所有信息。因?yàn)椴煌瑢用娌煌疃鹊挠绊懯钳B加的，這會(huì)使觀察者困惑),Thecomputerisabletoreconstructpicturesofthebody'sinteriorbymeasuringthevaryingintensitiesofX-raybeamspassingthroughsectionsofthebodyfromhundredsofdifferentangles(計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描可以通過(guò)測(cè)量從數(shù)百個(gè)不同角度穿過(guò)身體截面的X線的強(qiáng)度變化來(lái)重新構(gòu)建身體內(nèi)部的圖像)。由此可知D項(xiàng)“能提供更多信息”正確。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章通篇在講計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描相比傳統(tǒng)X光射線的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。最后一句話指出:Itcanaccuratelylocateatumorandsubsequentlymonitortheprogressofradiationtreatment,sothatinadditiontoitsdiagnosticcapabilities,itcanplayasignificantroleintherapy(它（即計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描）可以精確定位腫瘤位置來(lái)監(jiān)控放射治療的進(jìn)程，所以，除有診斷能力外，它在治療中能起到重要作用)。由此可知作者對(duì)于斷層掃描的態(tài)度是肯定的。故選C。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞computedtomography定位至最后一段:Itcanaccuratelylocateatumorandsubsequentlymonitortheprogressofradiationtreatment,sothatinadditiontoitsdiagnosticcapabilities,itcanplayasignificantroleintherapy(它（即計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描）可以精確定位腫瘤位置來(lái)監(jiān)控放射治療的進(jìn)程，所以，除有診斷能力外，它在治療中能起到重要作用)。因此A項(xiàng)“監(jiān)控患者的疾病”,B項(xiàng)“診斷疾病”和C項(xiàng)“定位腫瘤位置”都正確。故選D。

10.單選題

Youmusthavewaitedhereforalongtime,（）you?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mustn't

B.didn't

C.haven’t

D.hadn't

【答案】C

【解析】句意:你一定在這里等了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了，對(duì)嗎？

語(yǔ)法題。考查反義疑問(wèn)句。句中的反意疑問(wèn)句是對(duì)havewaited進(jìn)行反問(wèn)，因陳述句部分中有foralongtime,即完成時(shí)態(tài)，故反意疑問(wèn)句部分要用“haven’t/hasn’t+主語(yǔ)”。

11.單選題

AsGilbertWhite,Darwin,andothersobservedlongago,allspeciesappeartohavetheinnatecapacitytoincreasetheirnumbersfromgenerationtogeneration.Thetaskforecologistsistountangletheenvironmentalandbiologicalfactorsthatholdthisintrinsiccapacityforpopulationgrowthincheckdifferentpopulationsmakesthisoverthelongrun.Thegreatvarietyofdynamicbehaviorsexhibitedbydifferentpopulationsmakesthistaskmoredifficult:somepopulationsremainroughlyconstantfromyeartoyear;otherexhibitregularcyclesofabundanceandscarcity;stillothersvarywildly,withoutbreaksandcrashesthatareinsomecasesplainlycorrelatedwiththeweather,andinothercasesnot.

Toimposesomeorderonthiskaleidoscopeofpatterns,oneschoolofthoughtproposesdividingpopulationsintotwogroups.Theseecologistspositthattherelativelysteadypopulationshave“density-dependent”growthparameters;thatis,ratesofbirth,death,andmigrationwhichdependstronglyonpopulationdensity.Thehighlyvaryingpopulationshave“density-independent”growthparameters,withvital,ratesbuffetedbyenvironmentalevents;theseratesfluctuateinawaythatiswhollyindependentofpopulationdensity.

Thisdichotomyhasitsuses,butitcancauseproblemsiftakentooliterally.Foronethingnopopulationcanbedrivenentirelybydensity-independentfactorsallthetime.Nomatterhowseverelyorunpredictablybirth,deathandmigrationratesmaybefluctuatingaroundtheirlong-termaverages,iftherewerenodensity-dependenteffects,thepopulationwould,inthelongrun,eitherincreaseordecreasewithoutbound(barringamiraclebywhichgainsandlossescanceledexactly).Putanotherway,itmaybethatonaverage99percentofalldeathsinapopulationarisefromdensity-independentcauses,andonlyonepercentfromfactorsvaryingwithdensity.Thefactorsmakinguptheonepercentmayseemunimportant,andtheircausemaybecorrespondinglyhardtodetermine.Yet,whetherrecognizedornot,theywillusuallydeterminethelong-termaveragepopulationdensity.

Inordertounderstandthenatureoftheecologist’sinvestigation,wemaythinkofthedensity-dependenteffectsongrowthparametersasthe“signal”ecologistsaretryingtoisolateandinterpret,onethattendstomakethepopulationincreasefromrelativelylowvaluesordecreasefromrelativelyhighones,whilethedensity-independenteffectsacttoproduce“noise”inthepopulationdynamics.Forpopulationsthatremainrelativelyconstant,orthatoscillatearoundrepeatedcycles,thesignalcanbefairlyeasilycharacterizedanditseffectsdescribed,eventhoughthecausativebiologicalmechanismmayremainunknown.Forirregularlyfluctuatingpopulations,wearelikelytohavetoofewobservationstohaveanyhopeofextractingthesignalfromtheoverwhelmingnoise.Butitnowseemsclearthatallpopulationsareregulatedbyamixtureofdensity-dependentanddensity-independenteffectsinvaryingproportions.

58.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith______.

59.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorconsidersthedichotomydiscussedinparagraph2tobe______.

60.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

61.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingbehaviorshavebeenexhibitedbydifferentpopulationsexcept______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discussingtwocategoriesoffactorsthatcontrolpopulationgrowthandassessingtheirrelativeimportance

B.describinghowgrowthratesinnaturalpopulationsfluctuateovertimeandexplainingwhythesechangesoccur

C.proposingahypothesisconcerningpopulationsizesandsuggestingwaystotestit

D.posingafundamentalquestionaboutenvironmentalfactorsinpopulationgrowthandpresentingsomecurrentlyacceptedanswers

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.applicableonlytoerraticallyfluctuatingpopulations

B.useful,butonlyifitslimitationsarerecognized

C.dangerouslymisleadinginmostcircumstances

D.acompleteandsufficientwaytoaccountforobservedphenomena

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Forirregularlyfluctuatingpopulations,doublingthenumberofobservationsmadewillprobablyresultintheisolationofdensity-dependenteffects.

B.Density-dependenteffectsonpopulationdynamicsdonotoccurasfrequentlyasdodensity-independenteffects.

C.Atpresent,ecologistsdonotunderstandanyoftheunderlyingcausesofthedensity-dependenteffectstheyobserveinpopulationdynamics.

D.Itissometimespossibletoinfertheexistenceofadensity-dependentfactorcontrollingpopulationgrowthwithoutunderstandingitscausativemechanism.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.roughlyconstantpopulationlevelsfromyeartoyear

B.regularcyclesofincreasesanddecreasesinnumbers

C.erraticincreasesinnumberscorrelatedwiththeweather

D.increasefromrelativelyhighvalues

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】58.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】中心主旨題。題干意思是“在這篇文章中，作者主要關(guān)注……”。文章首先提出物種增長(zhǎng)的現(xiàn)象，隨即提出二分法并對(duì)其進(jìn)行討論，最后對(duì)這個(gè)二分法進(jìn)行評(píng)估，因此在這篇文章中，作者主要關(guān)注的是討論控制人口增長(zhǎng)的兩類因素以及他們的重要性，所以A項(xiàng)“討論控制人口增長(zhǎng)的兩類因素，并評(píng)估它們的相對(duì)重要性”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“描述自然種群的增長(zhǎng)率如何隨時(shí)間波動(dòng)，并解釋這些變化發(fā)生的原因”、C項(xiàng)“提出關(guān)于人口規(guī)模的假設(shè)，并提出檢驗(yàn)它的方法”和D項(xiàng)“提出一個(gè)關(guān)于人口增長(zhǎng)中環(huán)境因素的基本問(wèn)題，并提出一些目前公認(rèn)的答案”都是文章中的一部分，不夠全面。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

59.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從文章中可以推斷出，作者認(rèn)為第2段討論的二分法是……”。第二段提到二分法，即therelativelysteadypopulationshave“density-dependent”growthparameters（相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的種群具有“密度依賴”的生長(zhǎng)參數(shù)），并解釋了“密度依賴”和“密度獨(dú)立”，接著第三段闡述了二分法的局限性，倒數(shù)第二句和第三句提到Putanotherway,itmaybethatonaverage99percentofalldeathsinapopulationarisefromdensity-independentcauses,andonlyonepercentfromfactorsvaryingwithdensity.Thefactorsmakinguptheonepercentmayseemunimportant,andtheircausemaybecorrespondinglyhardtodetermine.（換句話說(shuō)，一個(gè)種群中99%的死亡可能是由密度獨(dú)立的原因造成的，只有1%是由隨密度變化的因素造成的。構(gòu)成這百分之一的因素可能看起來(lái)不重要，它們的原因可能相應(yīng)地很難確定。），最后第三段總結(jié)所有的種群都受到不同比例的密度依賴和密度獨(dú)立的交叉影響，所以可以推斷，作者認(rèn)為第二段中討論的二分法有局限性，但是仍然是有用的，所以B項(xiàng)“有用的，但只有當(dāng)它的局限性被承認(rèn)的時(shí)候”符合題意，也可知D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)完整和充分的方法來(lái)解釋觀察到的現(xiàn)象”錯(cuò)誤。A項(xiàng)“只適用于不穩(wěn)定的人口”和C項(xiàng)“在大多數(shù)情況下是危險(xiǎn)的誤導(dǎo)”沒(méi)提到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

60.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“下面哪個(gè)陳述可以從最后一段推斷出來(lái)？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章最后一段，由倒數(shù)第三句Forpopulationsthatremainrelativelyconstant,orthatoscillatearoundrepeatedcycles,thesignalcanbefairlyeasilycharacterizedanditseffectsdescribed,eventhoughthecausativebiologicalmechanismmayremainunknown.（對(duì)于那些保持相對(duì)恒定的種群，或者那些在重復(fù)周期中振蕩的種群，即使引起生物學(xué)機(jī)制的原因可能仍然未知，也可以相當(dāng)容易地描述信號(hào)的特征和它的影響。）可知，即使在不了解機(jī)制原因的情況下，信號(hào)的特征和它的影響也很容易描述，而這個(gè)信號(hào)就是密度依賴對(duì)生長(zhǎng)參數(shù)的影響，所以D項(xiàng)“在不了解其成因機(jī)制的情況下，有時(shí)可能推斷出控制人口增長(zhǎng)的密度依賴因素的存在”正確。倒數(shù)第二句提到Forirregularlyfluctuatingpopulations,wearelikelytohavetoofewobservationstohaveanyhopeofextractingthesignalfromtheoverwhelmingnoise.（對(duì)于不規(guī)則波動(dòng)的種群，我們可能由于觀測(cè)結(jié)果太少而難以從大量噪聲中提取信號(hào)。）可知，對(duì)于不規(guī)則波動(dòng)的種群，因?yàn)橛^測(cè)結(jié)果太少所以沒(méi)有辦法提取信號(hào)，文中沒(méi)有提到這個(gè)結(jié)果和觀測(cè)次數(shù)有直接關(guān)系，A項(xiàng)“對(duì)于不規(guī)則波動(dòng)的種群，將觀測(cè)次數(shù)翻倍可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致密度依賴效應(yīng)的隔離”不正確。B項(xiàng)“密度依賴效應(yīng)對(duì)種群動(dòng)態(tài)的影響不像密度獨(dú)立效應(yīng)那樣頻繁發(fā)生”和C項(xiàng)“目前，生態(tài)學(xué)家們還不了解他們?cè)诜N群動(dòng)態(tài)中觀察到的密度依賴效應(yīng)的任何潛在原因”在最后一段中沒(méi)有相關(guān)信息能夠推理。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

61.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，除了……以外，以下所有行為都在不同的人群中表現(xiàn)出來(lái)了”。文章第一段指出somepopulationsremainroughlyconstantfromyeartoyear;otherexhibitregularcyclesofabundanceandscarcity;stillothersvarywildly,withoutbreaksandcrashesthatareinsomecasesplainlycorrelatedwiththeweather,andinothercasesnot.（一些種群年復(fù)一年保持大致不變；其他表現(xiàn)出豐富和匱乏的規(guī)律周期；其他的情況差別很大，疾病的爆發(fā)和交通事故在某些情況下與天氣明顯相關(guān)，而在另一些情況下則不是。），由此可知，對(duì)于不同的種群，數(shù)量的變化不是一直不變的，或者是有增加或減少的規(guī)律，而且有些種群會(huì)受到天氣相關(guān)因素的影響，而有些則不會(huì)，所以A項(xiàng)“每年大致不變的人口水平”、B項(xiàng)“在數(shù)量上增加和減少的規(guī)律循環(huán)”和C項(xiàng)“與天氣相關(guān)的不規(guī)則增長(zhǎng)”均排除。在第一段第一句提到allspeciesappeartohavetheinnatecapacitytoincreasetheirnumbersfromgenerationtogeneration.（所有的物種似乎都有一種與生俱來(lái)的能力，可以一代又一代地增加它們的數(shù)量），可知D項(xiàng)“從相對(duì)較高的值增加”是符合題意的。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

EventhoughtheRedCrosshad（）largesumforthereliefofthesufferersofthedisaster,manypeopleperished.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alienated

B.alternated

C.allocated

D.ascertained

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。alienate使疏遠(yuǎn)，離間；alternate交替，輪流；allocate分配；ascertain確定，查明。能與largesum搭配的只有分配。故C項(xiàng)正確。句意：盡管紅十字會(huì)劃撥了一大筆款項(xiàng)來(lái)緩解遭受災(zāi)難的人們，但仍有很多人因這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難而死亡。

13.單選題

（

）hetriedtounderstandShakespeare’stragedies,hefailedallthesame.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hardas

B.Ashard

C.Hardalthough

D.Thoughhard

【答案】A

【解析】考查as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：雖然他盡力去理解莎士比亞的悲劇作品，但是卻仍然失敗了。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.單選題

Hewasshockedtodiscoverthatthingsdraggedonwell（

）thetwoweekshehadanticipated.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.from

B.for

C.away

D.beyond

【答案】D

【解析】句意：他吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)，事情拖長(zhǎng)得遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了他預(yù)期的兩個(gè)星期。選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

15.單選題

Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual（）manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.retains

B.gains

C.achieves

D.acquires

【答案】D

【解析】句意:只有通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)，才能獲得許多處理各種情況的常用方法。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。retain保留；gain獲得，贏得（尤指想要的或所需的事物）；resort求助，采?。ㄗ詈螅┦侄?；acquire（靠自己的能力、努力或行為）獲得，得到。該處為一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，賓語(yǔ)為“habitualways常用方式”。因此，D項(xiàng)符合句意。

16.單選題

Itisperhaps,noaccidentthatmanyoftheoutstandingfiguresofthepastwereamazinglyversatilemen.Rightupuntilcomparativelyrecenttimes,itwaspossibleforanintelligentpersontoacquainthimselfwithalmosteverybranchofknowledge.Thus,amanofgeniuslikeLeonardodaVinciengagedinmanycareersatonceasamatterofcourse.DaVinciwassobusywithhisnumerousinventionsthathebarelyfoundthetimetocompletehispaintings.HecameveryneartofulfillingtheRenaissanceidealofthe"universalman",themanwhowasproficientateverything.Today,werarely,ifever,hearthatamusicianhasjustinventedanewtypeofsubmarine.

Knowledgehasbecomedividedandsub-dividedintocountless,narrowly-definedcompartments.Thespecialistisrespected;theversatileperson,farfrombeingadmired,ismoreoftenregardedwithsuspicion.Themodemworldisaworldofhighly-skilled"experts"whohavehadtodevotethegreaterpartoftheirlivestoaverylimitedfieldofstudyinordertocompetewiththeirfellows.Butthishasnotbeenachievedwithoutconsiderablecost.Thescientist,whooutsidehisownparticularsubjectislittlemorethanamoron,isamodemphenomenon;asisthemanofletterswhoisbarelyawareofthetremendousstridesthathavebeenmadeintechnology.Similarly,specializationhasindirectlyaffectedquiteordinarypeopleineverywalkoflife.Manyactivitieswhichwereoncepursuedfortheirownsakes,areoftengivenupindespair;theyrequiretechniques,theexpertstellus,whichtakealife-timetomaster.Whylearntoplaythepiano,whenyoucanlistentotheworld'sgreatestpianistsinyourowndrawing-room?

Littlebylittle,wearebecomingmoreandmoreisolatedfromeachother.Itisalmostimpossibletotalktoyourneighborabouthisjob,evenifheisengagedinroughlythesameworkasyouare.TheRoyalSocietyinBritainincludesamongitsmembersonlythemosteminentscientistsinthecountry.Yetitishighlydisturbingtofindthatevenhere,asoneofitsmembersputit,atalectureonly10%ofthememberscanunderstand50%ofwhatisbeingsaid!

1.Thepassageimpliesthat（）.

2.Theword"moron"(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisthebestpossibletitleforthepassage?

4.Accordingtothepassage,inordertostandout,ascientistshould（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.menofremarkableachievementsinthepastwereaccidentallyversatile

B.nogreatmaninthepastwasqualifiedasuniversalexceptdaVinci

C.nowadaysversatilemenaregenerallyhighlyregarded

D.nowadaysitisnearlyimpossibleforamantobeversatile

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.afoolishman

B.ahard-workingman

C.anexpert

D.amiserableman

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.HowtoBecomeaVersatileMan.

B.VersatileMen.

C.HowtoBecomeanIntelligentMan.

D.IntelligentMen.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.engageinasmanycareersaspossible

B.becomeamemberoftheRoyalSociety

C.confinehimselftoalimitedareaofstudy

D.beawareofthegreatprogressinscienceandtechnology

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.DaVinciwastoobusywithhismanyinventionstofinishhispaintings.

B.Inthemodemworldamancanbecomeversatilewithoutpayingtheprice.

C.Nowadaysamanoflettersscarcelyknowsaboutthechangesintechnology.

D.DuringtheRenaissancemuchemphasiswasplacedonbeinguniversal.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。第一段的最后一句為本文的主旨句“Today,werarely,ifever,hearthatamusicianhasjustinventedanewtypeofsubmarine.”這句話的潛在意思就是說(shuō):現(xiàn)在多才多藝的人越來(lái)越少。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.語(yǔ)義題。原文中的分號(hào),以及as說(shuō)明,前后是同類事物的比較。根據(jù)下文的whoisbarelyawareof可知，moron表示的是"什么都不知道的人",所以選項(xiàng)A正確。原文句意：有些科學(xué)家在他自己的研究領(lǐng)域之外和白癡一樣。

3.全文主旨題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是講多才多藝的人，作者只是提出自己的看法，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)如何成為一個(gè)多才多藝的人，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“..."experts"whohavehadtodevotethegreaterpartoftheirlivestoaverylimitedfieldofstudyinordertocompetewiththeirfellows.”科學(xué)們不得不把大部分的生命投入到一個(gè)非常有限的研究領(lǐng)域，以便與他們的同行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四句“Butthishasnotbeenachievedwithoutconsiderablecost.”這里采用雙重否定強(qiáng)調(diào)這一目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)需要付出相當(dāng)大的代價(jià)。所以選項(xiàng)B與原文不符。

17.單選題

Investigatorsbelievethefirewascausedby（）electricalwiring.Theysaidthebuilding’swiringhadnotbeendonebyaprofessionalelectrician.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sober

B.faulty

C.prompt

D.fussy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)sober“清醒的”；B選項(xiàng)faulty“錯(cuò)誤的”；C選項(xiàng)prompt“敏捷的”；D選項(xiàng)fussy“愛(ài)挑剔的”。句意：調(diào)查人員認(rèn)為火災(zāi)是由錯(cuò)誤的電線引起的。他們說(shuō)，大樓的布線不是由專業(yè)電工完成的。本句表示錯(cuò)誤的電線布線。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Whenapersondies,hisdebtsmustbepaidbeforehis（）canbedistributed.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.paradoxes

B.legacies

C.platitudes

D.analogies

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“似是而非的論點(diǎn)，自相矛盾的話”；B選項(xiàng)“遺產(chǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)“陳詞濫調(diào)”；D選項(xiàng)“類似，類推”，句意：當(dāng)一個(gè)人死后，他的債務(wù)必須在（）分配之前弄清。這句要表示的是“要把遺產(chǎn)分配清楚”，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.單選題

Tescoispreparingalegalbattletoclearitsnameofinvolvementinthedairyprice-fixingscandalthathascostconsumers￡270million.Failuretoprovethatithadnopartincollusionwithothersupermarketsanddairyprocessorsmaylanditwithafineofatleast￡80million.TheOfficeofFairTrading(OFT)saidyesterdaythatAsda,Sainsbury’sandtheformerSafeway,plusthedairycompaniesWiseman,DairyCrestandCheeseCompany,hadadmittedbeinginacarteltofixpricesformilk,butterandcheese.Theywerefinedatotalofjustover￡116millionaspartofaleniencydealofferedbythewatchdogtocompaniesthatownedupquicklytoanti-competitivebehavior.

OfficialsattheOFTadmittedprivatelythattheydidnotthinktheywouldeverdiscoverwhichcompanyorindividualhadinitiatedthepricingformulA.Butthewatchdogrecognizesthatatthetimesupermarketswereunderpressurefrompoliticiansandfarmerstoraisethecostofmilktosavedairyfarming,thoughitisnotcertainthatmoneyfounditswaytofarmers.TheOFTclaimedinSeptemberthatithadfoundevidencethattheretailchainshadpassedfuturemilkpricestodairycompanies,whichthenreachedafixedpriceamongthemselves.

Theaveragecosttoeachhouseholdisthoughttobe￡11.25over2002and2003.Priceswentupanextra3ponapintofmilk,15ponaquarterofapoundofbutterand15ponahalf-poundofcheese.Thereisnodirectrecompenseforconsumers,however,andthemoneywillgototheTreasury.TheNationalConsumerCouncilgavewarningthattheadmissionswoulddentconsumerconfidenceinleadinghighstreetnamesandthatpeoplewouldbecomeskepticaloftheirclaims.FarmersforAction,thegroupoffarmersthathasledprotestsoverlowmilkpricessince2000,isseekinglegaladviceonwhetheritcannowbringaclaimforcompensation.

TheOFTinvestigationiscontinuing,however,inrelationtoTesco,MorrisonandthedairygroupLactalisMcLelland,andanylegalactionisexpectedtobedelayeduntilthatiscompleted.

Tescowasdefiantandsaidthatitwaspreparingarobustdefenseofitsactions.LucyNeville-Rolfe,itsexecutivedirector,said:“Aswehavealwayssaid,weactedindependentlyandwedidnotcolludewithanyone.Ourpositionisdifferentfromourcompetitorsandwearedefendingourowncasevigorously.Ourphilosophyistogiveagooddealtocustomers.”

MorrisonhassupportedtheOFTininquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusinessthatittookover,butinastatementsaidthatitwasstillmaking“strongrepresentations”initsdefense.AspokeswomanforLactalisMcLellandsaidthatthecompanywas“co-operating”withtheOFT.IndustryinsiderssuggestedthatthethreecompaniesweredeliberatelystallingtheOFTinvestigation,

Sainsbury’sadmittedyesterdaythatithadagreedtopay￡26millioninfines,butdeniedthatithadsoughttoprofiteer.JustinKing,thechiefexecutive,saidhewasdisappointedthatthecompanyhadbeenpenalizedforactionsmeanttohelpfarmersbutrecognizedthebenefitofaspeedysettlement.Asdadeclinedtosayhowmuchitwouldpayinfinesandalsosaidthatitsintentionhadbeentohelpfarmersunderseverefinancialpressure.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wemayinferthat______.

2.Whoismostprobablytheinitiatorofthepricingformula?

3.Theword“defiant”inPara.5mostprobablymeans______.

4.WemayinferfromMorrison’sstatementthat______.

5.Thewriter’sattitudetoTescocanbesaidtobe______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tescoisthemostresoluteamongalltheretailerstodefenditsreputation

B.itisalreadyprovedthatTescohascolludedwithAsda,Wiseman,DairyCrestandCheeseCompanyinfixingthedairyprice

C.Tescoistryingitsbesttoproveitsinnocenceofthescandal

D.Tescoisofferedaleniencydealof￡80millionbecauseofitsquickresponsetotheanti-competitivebehaviors

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Retailchains

B.Farmers

C.Dairycompanies

D.Politicians

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.confident

B.angry

C.deficient

D.challenging

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.MorrisonturnouttobethemostdefensivewhendealingwithOFT

B.MorrisonisreluctanttosupporttheinquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusiness

C.industryinsiderssuggestthatMorrisonwastryingtodelaytheOFTinvestigationwithnon-cooperation

D.Morrisonindeedrefusestoadmititsinvolvementinthescandal

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.objective

B.biased

C.sympathetic

D.optimistic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段。A選項(xiàng)“特易購(gòu)是所有零售商中最堅(jiān)決捍衛(wèi)自己聲譽(yù)的?！蓖茰y(cè)其他的零售商勾結(jié)，并沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)出捍衛(wèi)自身的聲譽(yù)，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)已經(jīng)證明，特易購(gòu)與阿斯達(dá)、懷斯曼、乳品佳潔士和奶酪公司串通操縱乳品價(jià)格?！崩斫忮e(cuò)誤，特易購(gòu)要證明自己并沒(méi)有與其他零售商勾結(jié)。C選項(xiàng)“特易購(gòu)正盡力證明自己在丑聞中的清白。”由題干定位到第一句“Tescoispreparingalegalbattletoclearitsnameofinvolvementinthedairyprice-fixingscandalthathascostconsumers￡270million”中文翻譯：特易購(gòu)正準(zhǔn)備打一場(chǎng)法律戰(zhàn)，以澄清自己卷入這起導(dǎo)致消費(fèi)者損失2.7億英鎊的奶制品價(jià)格操縱丑聞的名聲。符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。D選項(xiàng)“由于特易購(gòu)對(duì)反競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為的快速反應(yīng)，特易購(gòu)獲得了8000萬(wàn)英鎊的寬大處理?！崩斫忮e(cuò)誤，如果Tesco不能證明自己的清白，將面臨8000萬(wàn)英鎊的罰款。D選項(xiàng)可排除。綜上所述，C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干，A選項(xiàng)“Retailchains”（零售連鎖店），文中所說(shuō)的零售商只是將奶制品的價(jià)格提供給公司，不符合題意，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“Famers”（農(nóng)民），文中所說(shuō)的不確定農(nóng)民是否得到了錢(qián)。C選項(xiàng)“Dair