考研考博-英語-大連工業(yè)大學(xué)藝術(shù)與信息工程學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大連工業(yè)大學(xué)藝術(shù)與信息工程學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Somescientistshypothesizedthatthereareintellectualbeingsonsome（

）bodies.

問題1選項

A.astronautic

B.celestial

C.astronomical

D.astrological

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項astronautic“太空航行的，宇航員的”，C項astronomical“天文的，天文學(xué)的”，D項astrological“占星的，占星學(xué)的，占星術(shù)的”，B項celestial“天上的，天空的”，celestialbody表示“天體”。由intellectualbeings“有智力的生物”可知，空格部分表示“在一些天體上”。句意：一些科學(xué)家假設(shè)某些天體上有智慧生物。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

2.單選題

Theworldofeducationiscurrentlyundergoingamassivetransformationasaresultofthedigitalrevolution.Thistransformationissimilartothetransitionfromapprenticeshiptouniversalschoolingthatoccurredinthe19thcenturyasaresultoftheindustrialrevolution.Intheapprenticeshipera,mostofwhatpeoplelearnedoccurredoutsideofschool.Universalschoolingledpeopletoidentifylearningwithschool,butnowtheidentificationofthetwoisunraveling.

Allarounduspeoplearelearningwiththeaidofnewtechnologies:childrenareplayingcomplexvideogames,workersareinteractingwithsimulationsthatputtheminchallengingsituations,studentsaretakingcoursesatonlinehighschoolsandcolleges,andadultsareconsultingWikipedia.Newtechnologiescreatelearningopportunitiesthatchallengetraditionalschoolsandcolleges.Thesenewlearningnichesenablepeopleofallagestopursuelearningontheirownterms.Peoplearoundtheworldaretakingtheireducationoutofschoolintohomes,libraries,Internetcafesandworkplaces,wheretheycandecidewhattheywanttolearn,whentheywanttolearn,andhowtheywanttolearn.

Whowillbenefitultimatelyfromthisrevolution?InAmericathereisacommercialpushtoselleducationalproductstoconsumerswhoarelookingforanedgeupintheraceforsuccess.ThismeansthattechnologicalproductsandservicesarepoppingupallovertheAmericanlandscape.Education,onceviewedasapublicgoodwithequalaccessforall,isnowupforsaletothosewhocanaffordspecializedservicesandcomputerprograms.WethinkschoolshaveservedAmericaandtheworldverywell.Wegreatlyadmiretheteacherswhohavededicatedthemselvestohelpingchildrenfromdifferentbackgroundstolearnandthriveinachangingworld.Schoolshavemadeinvaluablecontributionstotheworld'sdevelopmentandwethinktheywillcontinuetodosowellintothefuture.

However,wethinkitistimethateducatorsandpolicymakersstarttorethinkeducationapartfromschooling.Educationisalifelongenterprise,whileschoolingformostencompassesonlyagesfiveto18or21.Evenwhenstudentsareinschoolmuchoftheireducationhappensoutsideofschool.Weallknowthattechnologyhastransformedourlargersociety.Ithasbecomecentraltopeople'sreading,writing,calculating,andthinking,whicharethemajorconcernsofschooling.Andyettechnologyhasbeenkeptintheperipheryofschools,usedforthemostpartonlyinspecializedcourses.

Thecentralchallengeiswhetherourcurrentschoolswillbeabletoadaptandincorporatethenewpoweroftechnology-drivenlearningforthenextgenerationofpublicschooling.Ifschoolscannotsuccessfullyintegratenewtechnologiesintowhatitmeanstobeaschool,thenthelongidentificationofschoolingwitheducation,developedoverthepast150years,willdissolveintoaworldwherewealthierstudentspursuetheirlearningoutsideofthepublicschool.

1.Whatcausedtheemergenceofuniversalschoolinginthe19thcentury?

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthe2ndparagraphabouttheauthor'sviewonnewtechnologies?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,thedigitalrevolutionisbeneficialfor（

）.

4.Theword"periphery"inthe4paragraphprobablymeans

（

）.

5.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageis（

）.

問題1選項

A.thedigitalrevolution

B.theindustrialrevolution

C.thelearners'identification

D.thenewapproachtoeducation

問題2選項

A.Theonlineeducationwouldreplacethetraditionalcolleges.

B.Theleadingpositionofuniversitiesandschoolsmightbeunderthreat.

C.Thecomputersimulationcouldprovideworkerswithmoreopportunities.

D.Thelearningstrategiesandstyleswouldbedecidedbynewtechnologies.

問題3選項

A.theteachersinschoolsandcolleges

B.thebusinessmenstrivingforsuccess

C.thestudentsoutsideschoolsandcolleges

D.thebetter-offpurchasingeducationalproducts

問題4選項

A.theoutsideboundary

B.thespecialsites

C.theinnercircle

D.therelateddepartment

問題5選項

A.topresentthepowerofnewtechnologies

B.todescribethetransformationoflearningapproach

C.toadvocatethereformofeducationintheageoftechnology

D.toanalyzetheintegrationofnewtechnologiesintoschooling

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中Thistransformationissimilartothetransitionfromapprenticeshiptouniversalschoolingthatoccurredinthe19thcenturyasaresultoftheindustrialrevolution.（這種轉(zhuǎn)變類似于19世紀(jì)工業(yè)革命后從學(xué)徒制向普及教育的轉(zhuǎn)變）可知選B。

第2題:觀點態(tài)度題。由文章第二段中Newtechnologiescreatelearningopportunitiesthatchallengetraditionalschoolsandcolleges.（新技術(shù)創(chuàng)造了挑戰(zhàn)傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校和大學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會）可知B選項“大學(xué)和學(xué)校的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位可能受到威脅”符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。由文章第三段中Education,onceviewedasapublicgoodwithequalaccessforall,isnowupforsaletothosewhocanaffordspecializedservicesandcomputerprograms.（教育曾經(jīng)被視為人人享有平等機(jī)會的公共利益，現(xiàn)在出售給那些能夠負(fù)擔(dān)得起專門服務(wù)和計算機(jī)程序的人）可知選D，作者認(rèn)為，數(shù)字革命有利于較富裕的人購買教育產(chǎn)品。

第4題:詞義題。theoutsideboundary意為“外界”；thespecialsites意為“特殊地點”；theinnercircle意為“核心集團(tuán)，內(nèi)圈”；therelateddepartment意為“相關(guān)部門”。由Andyettechnologyhasbeenkeptintheperipheryofschools,usedforthemostpartonlyinspecializedcourses.（然而，技術(shù)一直保存在學(xué)校的外圍，大部分只在專業(yè)課程中使用）可知選A。

第5題:主旨大意題。文章主要講述了數(shù)字革命給教育帶來的改革，學(xué)校教育受到挑戰(zhàn)。由最后一段中Ifschoolscannotsuccessfullyintegratenewtechnologiesintowhatitmeanstobeaschool,thenthelongidentificationofschoolingwitheducation,developedoverthepast150years,willdissolveintoaworldwherewealthierstudentspursuetheirlearningoutsideofthepublicschool.（如果學(xué)校不能成功地將新技術(shù)融入學(xué)校教育，那么過去150年來發(fā)展起來的對學(xué)校教育的長期認(rèn)同就會消失。將進(jìn)入一個富裕的學(xué)生在公立學(xué)校之外繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)的世界）可知作者寫這篇文章的目的是倡導(dǎo)科技時代的教育改革，因此選C。

3.單選題

Thismonumentimagewasdesignedto（stirup）emotionsofaweandrespect,butcouldscarcelyevokefeelingsofwarmthandaffection.

問題1選項

A.tangle

B.teem

C.stipulate

D.agitate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。stirup表示“激起，煽動”；A項tangle“（使）纏結(jié)在一起，（使）亂成一團(tuán)”，B項teem“大量出現(xiàn)，充滿”，C項stipulate“規(guī)定，保證”，D項agitate“搖動，騷動”。句意：這個紀(jì)念碑形象的設(shè)計是為了激起敬畏和尊敬的情緒，但幾乎不能喚起溫暖和喜愛的感情。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇D項正確。

4.單選題

Themoodoftheeveningis___justasitiseveryyearwhenthistopicisbroughtup.

問題1選項

A.destroyed

B.damaged

C.ruined

D.spoiled

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.destroyed破壞；摧毀B.damaged損害

C.ruined毀滅D.spoiled破壞；破壞……的興致

【考察點】近義詞辨析。

【解題思路】A、B、C、D四個選項都有“破壞”的意思。空格處是一個被動語態(tài)。空格處的動詞用來說明mood“心情”被怎么樣了。Mood做主語，句意為每當(dāng)這個話題被提起時，夜晚的心情就被破壞了。只有D選項spoil指破壞……的興致符合句子語境。因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項destroy的基本意思是用任何力量“破壞，毀壞”，用于物時，指破壞或毀壞有用的事物;用于人時，指用武力或暴力“殺死”“毀滅”“消滅”敵人等；

B選項damage的基本意思是“損害，傷害”，主要指自然力或人為地在價值、完整性、效能等方面造成損害，一般是局部地、非徹底地、可修復(fù)地，可以用于有形物，也可以用于無形物，還可表示對經(jīng)濟(jì)信心等造成壞的結(jié)果或影響；

C選項ruin的基本意思是“破壞，毀掉”，常指因暴力、自然災(zāi)害或疏忽等外部原因而造成毀壞，強(qiáng)調(diào)倒塌成碎片，也可指健康、聲望、容貌、氣節(jié)、價值等受到嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞。

以上選項均不能和mood搭配。

【句意】就像每年提起這個話題一樣，整個晚上的氣氛都被破壞了。

5.單選題

VI.(Jurisprudence)

AmericanLegalRealismwasthemostimportantindigenousjurisprudentialmovementintheUnitedStatesduringthe20th-century,havingaprofoundimpactnotonlyonAmericanlegaleducationandscholarship,butalsoonlawreformandlawyering.UnlikeitsScandinaviancousin,AmericanLegalRealismwasnotprimarilyanextensiontolawofsubstantivephilosophicaldoctrinesfromsemanticsandepistemology.TheRealistswerelawyers(plusafewsocialscientists),notphilosophers,andtheirmotivationswere,accordingly,different.Aslawyers,theywerereachingagainstthedominant“mechanicaljurisprudence”or“formalism”oftheirday.“Formalism”inthesensepertinenthere,heldthatjudgesdecidecasesonthebasisofdistinctivelylegalrulesandreasons,whichjustifyauniqueresultinmostcases(perhapseverycase).TheRealistsargued,instead,thatcarefulempiricalconsiderationofhowcourtsreallydecidecasesrevealsthattheydecidenotprimarilybecauseoflaw,butbased(roughlyspeaking)ontheirsenseofwhatwouldbeonthefactsofthecase.Legalrulesandreasonsfiguresimplyaspost-hocrationalizationsfordecisionsreachedonthebasisofnon-legalconsiderations.BecausetheRealistsnevermadeexplicittheirphilosophicalpresuppositionsaboutthenatureoflawortheirconceptionoflegaltheory,oneoftheimportantjurisprudentialtasksforRealiststodayisaphilosophicalreconstructionanddefenseoftheseviews,especiallyagainstthecriticismsoflegalphilosophers,notablyH.L.A.Hart.

ButRealismalsoborethemarksofanintellectualculturewhichitdidsharewithitsScandinaviancousin.Thisculture—thedominantoneintheWesternworldfromthemid-19thcenturythroughatleastthemiddleofthelastcentury—wasdeeply“positivistic”,inthesensethatitviewsnaturalscienceastheparadigmofallgenuineknowledge,andthoughtallotherdisciplines(fromsocialsciencetolegalstudy)shouldemulatethemethodsofnaturalscience.Chiefamongthelatterwasthemethodofempiricaltesting:hypotheseshadtobetestedagainstobservationsoftheworld.ThustheRealistsfrequentlyclaimedthatexistingarticulationsofthe“l(fā)aw”werenot,infact,“confirmed”byactualobservationofwhatthecourtwerereallydoing.AlsoinfluentialonsomeRealistswasbehaviorisminpsychology—JohnWatson’sversion,notthelater,andbetter-known,brandassociatedwithB.F.Skinner—whichwasitselfinthegripsofa“positivistic”conceptionofknowledgeandmethod.

BrianLeiter:AmericanLegalRealism

71.AmericanLegalRealismhadaprofoundimpactontheflowingbut___.

72.Fromthe1stparagraphwecanknowthatScandinavianRealists___.

73.TheAmericanRealistsarguedthat___.

74.WhatistheintellectualculturethatAmericanRealismshareswithitsScandinaviancousin?

問題1選項

A.Americanlegaleducation

B.Americanlegalscholarship

C.Americanlawreform

D.Americanlawyers

問題2選項

A.werephilosophers

B.wereprimarilyanextensiontolawofsubstantivephilosophicaldoctrines

C.werereachingagainst“mechanicaljurisprudence”

D.heldthatjudgesdecidecasesonthebasisofdistinctivelylegalrulesandreasons

問題3選項

A.courtsdecidecasesnotprimarilybecauseoflaw,butbasedontheirsenseof“fairness”

B.legalrulesandreasonsfiguresimplyasprior-hocrationalizationsfordecisionsreachedonthebasisofnon-legalconsiderations

C.philosophicalreconstructionanddefenseoftheseviewsarenecessary

D.carefulempiricalconsiderationrevealsthatcourtsdecidecasesprimarilybecauseoflaw

問題4選項

A.Existingarticulationsofthe“l(fā)aw”werenot“confirmed”byactualobservationofwhatthecourtwerereallydoing.

B.Methodofempiricaltesting.

C.Takingnaturalscienceastheparadigmofallgenuineknowledge.

D.Alldisciplinesshouldalsoemulatethemethodsofnaturalscience.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】71.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段AmericanLegalRealismwasthemostimportantindigenousjurisprudentialmovementintheUnitedStatesduringthe20th-century,havingaprofoundimpactnotonlyonAmericanlegaleducationandscholarship,butalsoonlawreformandlawyering.（美國法律現(xiàn)實主義運動是20世紀(jì)美國最重要的本土法學(xué)運動，不僅對美國的法學(xué)教育和學(xué)術(shù)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響，而且對美國的法律改革和律師業(yè)也產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響）可知A選項“美國法律教育”，B選項“美國法律學(xué)術(shù)”，C選項“美國法律改革”符合原文；D選項“美國律師”原文未提及。因此D選項符合題意。

72.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“Scandinavian”定位到原文第一段UnlikeitsScandinaviancousin,AmericanLegalRealismwasnotprimarilyanextensiontolawofsubstantivephilosophicaldoctrinesfromsemanticsandepistemology.TheRealistswerelawyers(plusafewsocialscientists),notphilosophers,andtheirmotivationswere,accordingly,different.（與它的斯堪的那維亞表親不同，美國法律現(xiàn)實主義主要不是從語義學(xué)和認(rèn)識論的實質(zhì)哲學(xué)學(xué)說的法律的延伸。現(xiàn)實主義者是律師（加上一些社會科學(xué)家），而不是哲學(xué)家，因此，他們的動機(jī)是不同的）可以推測出斯堪的那維亞的法律現(xiàn)實主義者們是哲學(xué)家，選A選項“是哲學(xué)家”，同時可知B選項“主要是實質(zhì)性哲學(xué)理論對法律的延伸”錯誤，原文只是說美國法律現(xiàn)實主義主要不是從語義學(xué)和認(rèn)識論的實質(zhì)哲學(xué)學(xué)說的法律的延伸，沒有說斯堪的那維亞的法律現(xiàn)實主義是否是實質(zhì)性哲學(xué)理論對法律的延伸，B選項偷換概念；第一段Aslawyers,theywerereachingagainstthedominant“mechanicaljurisprudence”or“formalism”oftheirday.“Formalism”inthesensepertinenthere,heldthatjudgesdecidecasesonthebasisofdistinctivelylegalrulesandreasons,whichjustifyauniqueresultinmostcases(perhapseverycase).（作為律師，他們（指的是美國的現(xiàn)實主義者）與當(dāng)時占主導(dǎo)地位的“機(jī)械法學(xué)”或“形式主義”相抗衡。這里所指的“形式主義”認(rèn)為，法官根據(jù)不同的法律規(guī)則和理由來判決案件，這些規(guī)則和理由在大多數(shù)案件（也許是每一個案件）中證明一個獨特的結(jié)果是正當(dāng)?shù)模┛芍狢選項“與‘機(jī)械法學(xué)’相抵觸”和D選項“認(rèn)為法官根據(jù)不同的法律規(guī)則和理由判決案件”也屬于偷換概念。因此A選項正確。

73.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段最后一句BecausetheRealistsnevermadeexplicittheirphilosophicalpresuppositionsaboutthenatureoflawortheirconceptionoflegaltheory,oneoftheimportantjurisprudentialtasksforRealiststodayisaphilosophicalreconstructionanddefenseoftheseviews,especiallyagainstthecriticismsoflegalphilosophers,notablyH.L.A.Hart.（由于現(xiàn)實主義者從未對法律的性質(zhì)或法律理論的概念作出明確的哲學(xué)預(yù)設(shè)，因此，現(xiàn)實主義者今天的重要法理學(xué)任務(wù)之一就是對這些觀點進(jìn)行哲學(xué)重構(gòu)和辯護(hù)，尤其是反對法律哲學(xué)家的批評，尤其是H.L.A.Hart）可知C選項“這些觀點的哲學(xué)重建和辯護(hù)是必要的”符合原文；第一段Realistsargued,instead,thatcarefulempiricalconsiderationofhowcourtsreallydecidecasesrevealsthattheydecidenotprimarilybecauseoflaw,butbased(roughlyspeaking)ontheirsenseofwhatwouldbeonthefactsofthecase.（相反，現(xiàn)實主義者認(rèn)為，對法院如何真正判決案件進(jìn)行仔細(xì)的實證研究表明，法院的判決主要不是因為法律，而是基于（粗略地說）他們對案件事實的判斷）可知A選項“法院判決案件主要不是基于法律，而是基于他們的‘公平感’”以及D選項“仔細(xì)的實證研究表明，法院決定案件主要是因為法律”錯誤；第一段Legalrulesandreasonsfiguresimplyaspost-hocrationalizationsfordecisionsreachedonthebasisofnon-legalconsiderations.（法律規(guī)則和理由僅僅是根據(jù)非法律考慮做出的決定的事后合理化）可知B選項“法律規(guī)則和理由僅僅是根據(jù)非法律考慮做出的決定的臨時合理化”錯誤。因此C選項正確。

74.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段開頭ButRealismalsoborethemarksofanintellectualculturewhichitdidsharewithitsScandinaviancousin.Thisculture…wasdeeply“positivistic”,inthesensethatitviewsnaturalscienceastheparadigmofallgenuineknowledge…（但現(xiàn)實主義也帶有知識文化的印記，它確實與它的斯堪的納維亞表親有共同之處。這種文化……是非?！皩嵶C主義”的，因為它把自然科學(xué)視為所有真知的范式……）可知選C選項“以自然科學(xué)為所有真知的范式”；A選項“‘法律’的現(xiàn)有條文并沒有通過對法院實際行動的實際觀察而得到‘確認(rèn)’”，B選項“實證檢驗方法”以及D選項“所有學(xué)科都應(yīng)該仿效自然科學(xué)的方法”并不符合題意，排除。因此C選項正確。

6.單選題

Ahumanbeingisquite（

）creature,fortheglossofrationalitythatcovershisorhersenseoffearsand（

）isthinandofteneasilybreached.

問題1選項

A.afrail;insecurity

B.avaliant;phobias

C.anambitious;mortify

D.aludicrous;laughter

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞和名詞辨析。第一個空考查的是形容詞的辨析，frail“脆弱的，薄弱的，抵不住誘惑的”;valiant“勇敢的，有價值的”;ambitious“有野心的，有抱負(fù)的”；ludicrous“滑稽的，荒唐可笑的”；根據(jù)句尾的thinandofteneasilybreached推斷出第一個空應(yīng)該填frail;第二個空考查的是名詞辨析，insecurity“不安全，無保障”；phobias“憎惡；恐懼癥”；mortify“克制，抑制（肉體、情感等）”作動詞；laughter“笑，笑聲”；根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thesenseof和句子的整體意思‘人類是一種極為脆弱的生物體，因為掩蓋著其恐懼感和不安全感的那層理性的外表是那么的薄弱，且常常易于破裂’可以推斷出此處應(yīng)該填insecurity,所以A選項正確。

7.單選題

MissHelenalwaysbuys（

）pricedclothes.

問題1選項

A.higher

B.high

C.highest

D.highly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：海倫小姐經(jīng)常買高價的衣服。選項D符合題意。

8.單選題

Thecarinfront____suddenlyatthetrafficlight.

問題1選項

A.pulledin

B.pulledinto

C.pulledup

D.pulledthrough

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.pulledin停下B.pulledinto駛?cè)搿笸Ｏ?，如進(jìn)站、進(jìn)車庫等

C.pulledup慢慢停下D.pulledthrough渡過難關(guān)

【答案】A

【考查點】詞組辨析

【解題思路】空格處所填的內(nèi)容，受副詞suddenly“突然地”修飾，并且主語為“前面的車”，后文為“在紅綠燈處”，參考選項推斷原句表達(dá)的句意為“前面的車在紅綠燈那突然停下”。因此，A選項“停下”符合原句句意。

【干擾項排除】

B選項pulledinto側(cè)重于指駛?cè)肽程幒笸Ｏ拢邕M(jìn)站、進(jìn)車庫等，與“在紅綠燈處”矛盾；

C選項pulledup側(cè)重于指慢慢停下，與suddenly“突然地”矛盾；

D選項pulledthrough“渡過難關(guān)”，不符合原句句意。

【句意】前面的車在紅綠燈那突然停下。

9.單選題

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Allrespondentswereafraidofmakingahighexpenseclaim.

B.Anumberofrespondentsgaveanaverageanswerof400miles.

C.Over10%oftherespondentsliedaboutthedistancetheydrove.

D.Mostoftherespondentsgotcompensatedfordriving384miles.

問題2選項

A.Theyrespondedtocolleagues’suspicion.

B.Theycaredaboutotherpeople’sclaims.

C.Theywantedtoprotecttheirreputation.

D.Theyendeavoredtoactuallybehonest.

問題3選項

A.Theyseempositive.

B.Theyareintuitive.

C.Theyareillustrative.

D.Theyareconclusive.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

【解析】RecordingTwo

Now,believeitornot.Peoplesometimeslieinordertomaintainagood,honestreputation—evenifithurtsthemtodoso.Atleast,thisiswhatateamofscientistsissuggesting,withevidencetoproveit.

Picturethisscenario:Youoftendriveforworkandcanbecompensatedforupto400milespermonth.Mostpeopleatyourcompanydriveabout300mileseachmonth.Butthismonth,youdrove400miles.Howmanymilesdoyouthinkyou’dclaiminyourexpensereport?

Thescientistsaskedthisexactquestionaspartofthestudywe’rediscussingtoday.Withsurprisingresults,[19]theyfoundthat12%ofrespondentsreportedthedistancetheydroveaslessthantheactualfigure,givinganaverageanswerof384miles.Inotherwords,theyliedabouttheirnumberofmiles,eventhoughtheywouldforfeitmoneytheywereowed.

Theresearchersbelievethiswastoseemhonest,withtheassumptionbeingthatotherswouldbesuspiciousofahighexpenseclaim.Butwhywouldpeoplefabricatenumberstotheirowndetriment?Theresearchersexplainedthatmanypeoplecareagreatdealabouttheirreputationandhowthey’llbejudgedbyothers.Iftheycareenough,theyconcernedaboutappearinghonestandnotlosingtheirrespectofothers,maybegreaterthantheirdesiretoactuallybehonest.

Theresearchersassertthattheyfindanewsuggestthatwhenpeopleobtainveryfavorableoutcomes,theyanticipateotherpeople’ssuspiciousreactionsandpreferlyingandappearinghonesttotellingthetruthandappearingasselfishliars.

Sowhyisthisresearchimportant?Well,expertsgenerallyagreedtherearetwomaintypesoflie,selfishliarsandliarsthataremeanttobenefitothers.Thefirst,asyoumaypredict,isforselfishgain,suchassubmittingafraudulentclaimtoaninsurancecompany;whilethesecondinvolveslyingtohelpothersornotoffendothers,forexample,tellingafriendwhoseoutfityoudon’tlikethattheylookgreat.

Buttheresearchersaresuggestingathirdtypeoflying:[20]lyingtomaintainagoodreputation.Nowthishypothesisisnewandsomeskepticsarguethatthisisn’tawholenewcategoryoflie.[21]Butthefindingsseemintuitivetome.Afterall,oneofthemainmotivationsforlyingistoincreaseourworthintheeyesofothers,soitseemshighlylikelythatpeoplewilllietoseemhonest.

19.Whatdidtheteamofscientistfindintheirstudy?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問科學(xué)家團(tuán)隊在他們的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？錄音中提到，他們（科學(xué)家們）發(fā)現(xiàn)12%的受訪者報告的行駛距離比實際數(shù)字要少，給出的平均答案是384英里。換句話說，他們（受訪者）在里程數(shù)上撒了謊。C選項“超過10%的受訪者在開車的距離上撒了謊”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項“所有的受訪者都害怕提出高額的費用報銷”表述過于絕對，錄音中說的是12%的受訪者，因此A選項不正確；B選項“許多受訪者給出的平均答案是400英里”表述不準(zhǔn)確，這里只是12%的受訪者，并不是很多受訪者給出的答案；D選項“大多數(shù)受訪者因駕駛384英里而獲得賠償”在文中沒有提及，因此排除。

20.Whywouldpeoplefabricatenumberstotheirowndetrimentaccordingtotheresearchers?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問根據(jù)研究人員的說法，為什么人們會捏造對自己不利的行車?yán)飻?shù)？錄音中提到研究人員解釋說，很多人非常在意自己的聲譽(yù)，以及別人會如何評價自己。因此C選項“他們想要保護(hù)自己的聲譽(yù)”正確。A選項“他們對同事的懷疑作出回應(yīng)”和B選項“他們關(guān)心別人的要求”利用錄音中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行干擾，實際與原文表述不符；D選項“他們努力做到真正的誠實”與錄音中為了聲譽(yù)撒謊的意思恰好相反，因此不正確。

21.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkoftheresearchers’findings?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問說話者對研究人員的發(fā)現(xiàn)有什么看法？說話者說這些發(fā)現(xiàn)似乎很直觀（seemintuitive），B選項“它們看起來很直觀”與原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項“它們看起來是積極的”；C選項“它們是說明性的”和D選項“它們是結(jié)論性的”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。

10.單選題

Windandwatercause（）inrocksandsoil.

問題1選項

A.conversion

B.erosion

C.depression

D.diversion

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項conversion“轉(zhuǎn)變”；B選項erosion“腐蝕”；C選項depression“沮喪；洼地；不景氣；憂愁；低氣壓區(qū)”；D選項diversion“令人分心的事物；改道”。句意：風(fēng)和水讓巖石和土壤……。風(fēng)和水對巖石和土壤有侵蝕作用。因此B選項符合題意。

11.單選題

Hisshirtfactoryisgrowingsofastthathemust（

）moreworkers.

問題1選項

A.takeon

B.takeup

C.takeout

D.takeover

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。takeon意為“承擔(dān)，接受，雇用”；takeup意為“開始從事”；takeout意為“取出，除去”；takeover意為“接收，接管”。

句意：他的襯衫工廠發(fā)展很快，以至于他必須雇傭更多的工人。

12.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish

美國的一位頂尖心理學(xué)家說，如果人們關(guān)注于六個具體要素就會感到幸福。這六個要素分別是：活在當(dāng)下（M）,有好奇心（C），做喜歡的事（L）,為他人著想（T）,培養(yǎng)關(guān)系（N）,

照顧身體（B）。公式就是：感覺很棒=（活在當(dāng)下x16+好奇心+做喜歡的事x2）+（為他人著想x5+培養(yǎng)關(guān)系x2+照顧身體x33）。

弗吉尼亞州喬治梅?森（Mason）大學(xué)的托徳-卡什丹博士（DrToddKashdan）對英國人幸福程度的全國性研究結(jié)果進(jìn)行了評價。他說：“感覺幸福沒有單一的訣竅，但當(dāng)這六種成分都添加進(jìn)來并正確配比后，你就會感覺人生很幸福。這六種成分的每一種都需要付出一點努力，你只要知道你的努力會給你帶來極大的回報?！?/p>

委任這次研究的整形外科手術(shù)營銷總監(jiān)史蒂芬?泰勒（StephenTayler）說：“我們無比高興地看到與卡什丹博士的合作創(chuàng)建了幸福感的真正公式：我們希望幸福公式將繼續(xù)幫助提振精祌，讓全英國人民的臉上都有笑容。”

【答案】Ifpeoplefocusonthesixspecificfactorsidentified,theywillfeelgood,accordingtoatopUSpsychologist.Thefactorsareliveinthemoment(M),becurious(C),dosomethingyoulove(L),thinkofothers(T),nurturerelationships(N),andcareofyourbody(B).AndtheformulaisFeelingGood=(MxI6+C+Lx2)+(Tx5+Nx2+Bx33)。

DrToddKashdan,ofGeorgeMasonUniversityinVirginia,reviewedtheresultsofnationwideresearchintohowBritishfeel.Hesaid:“Thereisnosinglesecrettofeelinggood,butwhenthesesixingredientsarecarefullyattendedto,intherightdoses,youwillbeontargetforahappylife.“Eachoftheingredientsrequiresabitofwork.Justknowthatyourhardworkwillleadtothegreatestrewardspossible.”

StevenTaylor,marketingdirectorofTransformCosmeticSurgery,whocommissionedtheresearch,said:“Wecouldn’tbemorepleasedthatthepartnershipwithDrKashdanledtothecreationofanactualformulatoFeelGood,WehopethattheFeelGoodFormulawillcontinuetohelpboostspiritsandputasmileonfacesacrosstheUK.”

13.單選題

Hewas（）whenheheardtheunexpectednews,butIfinallyconvincedhim.

問題1選項

A.incredible

B.inevitable

C.incredulous

D.indifferent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項incredible“難以置信的”；B選項inevitable“必然的、不可避免的”；C選項incredulous“懷疑的、不輕信的”；D選項indifferent“冷漠的、不關(guān)心的”，句意為：當(dāng)他聽到這個意外的消息時，他覺得不可思議，但我最終說服了他。A選項符合句意，因此選A。

14.單選題

Youdon'thavetoinstallthisradioinyournewcar,it'san（）extra.

問題1選項

A.excessive

B.optional

C.additional

D.arbitrary

【答案】B

【解析】句意:你不必在你的新車上安裝這個收音機(jī)，它是一個可選的附加設(shè)備。

考查形容詞辨析。excessive過多的；過分的；optional可選擇的：隨意的；additional附加的；額外的：arbitrary武斷的；專制的。由前半句句意“你不必在你的新車上安裝這個收音機(jī)”可知，B項正確。

15.單選題

Theirmindsandbodiesworkfasterthanmost（

）races,makingthemseemrestlessorhyperactive.

問題1選項

A.sapient

B.clever

C.smart

D.brave

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。sapient聰明的，有智慧的；clever機(jī)靈的；smart敏捷的；brave勇敢的。句意：他們的心智與身體比大部分智人種類運作的還快，使他們顯得有些性急或亢奮。只有A項符合句意。Sapientrace指“智人種類“

16.單選題

Hisargumentdoesnotsuggestthatmankindcan（）tobewastefulintheutilizationoftheseresources.

問題1選項

A.resort

B.grant

C.afford

D.entitle

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他的論據(jù)未標(biāo)明，人類在這些資源的使用上能浪費得起。

考查動詞辨析。resort常去，求助，訴諸，resortto依靠，求助于；;grant授予，允許，承認(rèn)，grantto同意給予，準(zhǔn)予；afford給予，提供，承擔(dān)得起;affordto（有條件）做，承擔(dān)得起，負(fù)擔(dān)得起；entitle給……稱號，使……有權(quán)利。因此C符合句意。

17.單選題

Formanypatients,institutionalcareisthemost______andbeneficialformofcare.

問題1選項

A.pertinent

B.appropriate

C.acute

D.persistent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項pertinent“（說話，話題等）切題的，（意見，建議等）相關(guān)的”；B選項appropriate“恰當(dāng)?shù)?，適當(dāng)?shù)摹?；C選項acute“十分嚴(yán)重的，(疾病)急性的，靈敏的”；D選項persistent“持久的，持續(xù)的”。句意：對許多病人來說，機(jī)構(gòu)護(hù)理是最適當(dāng)和最有益的護(hù)理形式。

18.單選題

Icanvouchforhis（

）,Ihavealwaysfoundhimveracious.

問題1選項

A.reputation

B.steadiness

C.truth

D.honesty

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項reputation“名聲；名譽(yù)”；B選項steadiness“穩(wěn)定；穩(wěn)健”；C選項truth“真理；事實”；D選項honesty“誠實；正直”。句意：我可以為他的······擔(dān)保，我總覺得他很誠實。本題需要找的是與veracious“誠實的；真正的”含義相近的名詞，才會有“我可為他擔(dān)?！?，因此D選項符合題意。

19.單選題

IfItakethismedicinetwiceadayitshould（）mycold.

問題1選項

A.heat

B.cure

C.treat

D.recover

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:heat“使溫暖，使發(fā)熱”；B:cure“治療，治愈”；C:treat“對待；治療”；D:recover“恢復(fù)；重新獲得”。句意：假如這種藥我一天吃兩次，它就可以治愈我的感冒。結(jié)合此處語境，和感冒相關(guān)，故B為正確答案。

20.單選題

Becauseoftheirchemicalstructure,syntheticdyesgenerally（

）

moreslowlythannaturalones.

問題1選項

A.penetrate

B.evaporate

C.fade

D.secede

【答案】C

【解析】penetrate滲透,看透；evaporate蒸發(fā),揮發(fā)；fade褪色；secede脫離,退出。句意：由于化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)的原因,合成染料通常比天然染料褪色慢。選項C符合句意。

21.單選題

Forthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumncalled“AskMarilyn.”PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynVosSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228–thehighestscoreeverrecorded.IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasks.SoitisabitconfusingwhenVosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe(whoseIQis100)as,What’sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?Orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence?It’snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.

Clearly,intelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest.Justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart?Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computerscienceandotherfields?

ThedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore,eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.Thetestcomesprimarilyintwoforms:theStanford-BinetIntelligenceScaleandtheWechslerIntelligenceScales(bothcomeinadultandchildren’sversion).Generallycostingseveralhundreddollars,theyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologists,althoughvariationsofthempopulatebookstoresandtheWorldWideWeb.SuperhighscoreslikeVosSavant’sarenolongerpossible,becausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers,ratherthansimplydividingthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100.Otherstandardizedtests,suchastheScholasticAssessmentTest(SAT)andtheGraduateRecordExam(GRE),capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.

Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinschoolandinlife,arguesRobertJ.Sternberg.Inhisarticle“HowIntelligentIsIntelligenceTesting?”,Sternbergnotesthattraditionaltestsbestassessanalyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.Moreover,IQtestdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationschange.ResearchhasfoundthatIQpredictedleadershipskillswhenthetestsweregivenunderlow-stressconditions,butunderhigh-stressconditions,IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwithleadership–thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestifythattest-takingskillalsomatters,whetherit’sknowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionstoskip.

1.Whichofthefollowingmayberequiredinanintelligenttest?

2.WhatcanbeinferredaboutintelligencetestingfromParagraph3?

3.PeoplenowadayscannolongerachieveIQscoresashighasVosSavant’sbecause______

4.Wecanconc