考研考博-英語-威海海洋職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-威海海洋職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Sheknowssheneedsexercise,butfindsgoingtothegyma______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.job

B.toil

C.work

D.chore

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.job工作，職業(yè)B.toil苦工，勞累的工作

C.work工作D.chore日常事務(wù)，令人厭煩的任務(wù)

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)but可知，句子前后句意為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，按照句意“她知道自己需要鍛煉，但卻發(fā)現(xiàn)去健身房是件______”可知，去健身房鍛煉不是一件輕松的事情，所以該題選擇D項(xiàng)恰當(dāng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C項(xiàng)都是指職業(yè)，不符合句意；

B項(xiàng)指報(bào)酬很低的苦活，去健身房鍛煉沒有工資，該項(xiàng)也不符合句意。

【句意】她知道自己需要鍛煉，但卻發(fā)現(xiàn)去健身房是件苦差事。

2.單選題

Ididn’tsendoutmyapplicationformlastweek,butI（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadto

B.would

C.must

D.shouldhave

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。D選項(xiàng)這種結(jié)構(gòu)shouldhavedone，這里用了省略，表示過去應(yīng)該做，但卻沒有做的事情。句意為：我上周沒有把申請(qǐng)表發(fā)出去，但我應(yīng)該發(fā)出去的。D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

AskmostpeoplehowtheydefinetheAmericanDreamandchancesarethatthey’llsay,“Success.”ThedreamofindividualopportunityhasbeenhomeinAmericansinceEuropeansdiscovereda“newworld”intheWesternHemisphere.EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeanCrevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.HisglowingdescriptionsofaclasslesssocietywhereanyonecouldattainsuccessthroughhonestyandhardworkfiredtheimaginationsofmanyEuropeanreaders:inLettersfromanAmericanFarmer(1782)hewrote.“Weareallexcitedatthespiritofanindustrywhichisunfettered(無拘無束白勺)andunrestrained,becauseeachpersonworksforhimself—Wehavenoprinces,forwhomwetoil,starve,andbleed:wearethemostperfectsocietynowexistingintheworld.'*Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.

OurnationalmythologyisfullofillustrationoftheAmericansuccessstory.There’sBenjaminFranklin,theverymodeloftheself-educated,self-mademan,whorosefrommodestoriginstobecomeawell-knownscientist,philosopher,andstatesman.Inthenineteenthcentury,HoratioAlger,awriteroffictionforyoungboys,becameAmerican’sbest-sellingauthorwithrags-to-richestales.Thenotionofsuccesshauntsus:wespendmillioneveryyearreadingabouttherichandfamous,learninghowto“makeafortuneinrealestatewithnomoneydown,”and“dressingforsuccess.”Themythofsuccesshaseveninvadedourpersonalrelationships:todayit'sasimportanttobe“successful.,inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.

Butdreamseasilyturnintonightmares.EveryAmericanwhohopesto“makeit”alsoknowsthefearoffailure,becausethemythofsuccessinevitablyimpliescomparisonbetweenthehavesandthehave-nots,thestarsandtheanonymouscrowd.Underpressureofthemyth,webecomeindulgedinstatussymbols:wetrytoliveinthe“right”neighborhoods,wearthe“right’’clothes,eatthe“right”foods.Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall.yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens.

1.WhatistheessenceoftheAmericanDreamaccordingtoCrevecoeur?

2.Bysaying“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”(Line8-9,Para.1),theauthormeans（）.

3.ThecharactersdescribedinHoratioAlger’snovelsarepeoplewho（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphthat（）.

5.WhatistheparadoxofAmericancultureaccordingtotheauthor?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplearefreetodeveloptheirpowerofimagination.

B.Peoplewhoarehonestandworkhardcansucceed.

C.Peoplearefreefromexploitationandoppression.

D.Peoplecanfullyenjoyindividualfreedom.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.themorediligentoneis.thebiggerhisreturns

B.laboriousworkensuresthegrowthofanindustry

C.aman’sbusinessshouldbedevelopedstepbystep

D.acompany’ssuccessdependsonitsemployees'hardwork

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.succeedinrealestateinvestment

B.earnedenormousfortunesbychances

C.becamewealthyafterstartinglifeverypoor

D.becamefamousdespitetheirmodestorigins

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.businesssuccessoftencontributestoasuccessfulmarriage

B.Americanswithtosucceedineveryaspectoflife

C.goodpersonalrelationshipsleadtobusinesssuccess

D.successfulbusinesspeopleprovidegoodcarefortheirchildren

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheAmericanroadtosuccessisfullofnightmares.

B.Statessymbolsarenotarealindicatorofaperson’swealth.

C.TheAmericanDreamisnothingbutanemptydream.

D.WhatAmericansstriveafteroftencontradictstheirbeliefs.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段Crevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.克雷夫柯高度贊揚(yáng)在這片新土地上所能找到的自由和機(jī)會(huì)?？芍狣項(xiàng)“人們可以充分享受個(gè)人自由”正確。

2.語義題。由Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.在這片土地上，“一個(gè)人辛勤勞動(dòng)的回報(bào)與他勞動(dòng)的進(jìn)步同步”的承諾吸引了來自歐洲的貧困移民，并推動(dòng)了國(guó)家向西部地區(qū)的擴(kuò)張。可知一個(gè)人的回報(bào)與其付出成正比，付出越多，回報(bào)越大。故A項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段HoratioAlger,awriteroffictionforyoungboys,becameAmerican’sbest-sellingauthorwithrags-to-richestales。霍雷肖?阿爾杰(HoratioAlger)是一位為小男孩寫小說的作家，他的白手起家的故事成為美國(guó)最暢銷的作家?？芍狧oratio是憑借自己的勞動(dòng)從白手起家到成功致富的人。故C項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第二段“Themythofsuccesshaseveninvadedourpersonalrelationships:todayit’sasimportanttobe“successful”inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.成功的神話甚至已經(jīng)侵入了我們的人際關(guān)系:今天，在婚姻或父母中取得“成功”和在事業(yè)中取得成功一樣重要。”可知美國(guó)人追求生活各方面的成功。故B項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall,yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens.這些區(qū)別的象征向我們和其他人保證，我們堅(jiān)信所有人的基本平等，但我們?nèi)员M最大努力將自己與我們的同胞區(qū)分開來。由此可知美國(guó)文化當(dāng)中的矛盾就是一方面追求平等，另一方面卻希望將自己與別人區(qū)分開來，美國(guó)人追求的與其信仰沖突，故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetomakewaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomeprimaryquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Wouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Wouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldprovidetheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportationimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplaceinwhichtheylived.

Meanwhileemploymentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpre-industrialtime,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtodayandrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.

Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered,asemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalofcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfulltimejobs.

1.Researchcarriedoutintherecentopinionpollsshowsthat（

）

2.Thearrivaloftheindustrialageinourhistoricalevolutionmeantthat（

）

3.Theeffectsofalmostuniversalemploymentwereoverwhelminginthat（

）

4.Thearticleconcludesthat（

）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.availableemploymentshouldberestrictedtoasmallpercentageofthepopulation.

B.newjobsmustbecreatedinordertorectifyhighunemploymentfigures.

C.availableemploymentmustbemorewidelydistributedamongtheunemployed.

D.thenowadayshighunemploymentfiguresareatruthoflife.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.universalemploymentvirtuallyguaranteedprosperity.

B.economicfreedomcamewithineveryone’scontrol.

C.patternsofworkwerefundamentallychanged.

D.people’sattitudestoworkhadtobereversed.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thehouseholdandvillagecommunitydisappearedcompletely.

B.mennowtraveledenormousdistancestotheirplacesofwork.

C.theworkstatusofthosenotinpaidemploymentsuffered.

D.youngandoldpeoplebecamesuperfluouscomponentsofsociety.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thecreationofjobsforallisanimpossibility.

B.oureffortsandresourcesintermsoftacklingunemploymentareinsufficient.

C.peopleshouldbeginsupportingthemselvesbylearningapracticalskill.

D.weshouldhelpthosewhosejobsareonlypart-time.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，高失業(yè)率確實(shí)是現(xiàn)在存在的一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，并且會(huì)持續(xù)下去。所以選項(xiàng)中“atruthoflife”最符合題意，選項(xiàng)D最符合題意。

2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“someofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbrought”，第四段中“hefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustries”可以看出工業(yè)時(shí)代的到來推動(dòng)了整個(gè)工業(yè)模式的變化。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段。所有人都受到了就業(yè)影響，其中也包括“thosenotinpaid”，那些沒有受雇的人，如學(xué)生和退休人員，故選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的最后一句中“withoutfulltimejobs”，可知選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.單選題

--“Doesn’tyourwiferestrainyoufromsmoking?”

--“I（）fromsmokingeversinceourmarriage.”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.restrained

B.haverestrained

C.refrained

D.haverefrained

【答案】D

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。由關(guān)鍵詞sinceourmarriage可知戒煙這件事從過去發(fā)生一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，排除A,C選項(xiàng)；Refrain為不及物動(dòng)詞，后面要加上from，構(gòu)成固定搭配refrainfrom（不再做某事），因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Therearenowadaysnotmanyteacherswhoarestrong

oftraditionalmethodsinclassroomteaching.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sponsors

B.contributors

C.advocates

D.performers

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。Sponsors“贊助商”；contributors“貢獻(xiàn)者，參與者”；advocates“擁護(hù)者，提倡者”；performers“表演者，執(zhí)行者”。句意：現(xiàn)在提倡在教學(xué)中使用傳統(tǒng)方法的老師不多了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.單選題

Anynationthatinterferesintheinternalaffairsofanothernationshouldbe_______condemned.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.verbally

B.universally

C.wickedly

D.visually

【答案】B

【解析】verbally口頭地；universally普遍地；wickedly惡劣地，居心叵測(cè)地；visually視覺地。句意：任何干涉他國(guó)內(nèi)政的國(guó)家都應(yīng)受到普遍譴責(zé)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

8.單選題

TheEskimoisperhapsoneofthemosttrustingandconsiderateofallIndiansbutseemstobe________thewelfareofhisanimals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.criticalabout

B.indignantat

C.indifferentto

D.subjectto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“愛挑剔的”；B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)……感到憤怒”；C選項(xiàng)“冷漠，不關(guān)心的”；D選項(xiàng)“受……支配”。句意：愛斯基摩人或許是所有印第安人里最值得信任和體貼的，但是他們看起來對(duì)動(dòng)物的福利（）。從句意以及關(guān)鍵詞But，后面半句要說愛斯基摩人的壞話，并且跟動(dòng)物福利有關(guān)的。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)C選項(xiàng)最合適。

9.單選題

Tosurviveintheintensetradecompetitionbetweencountries,wemust______thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworldmarketdemand.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.improve

B.enhance

C.guarantee

D.gear

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。improve“改善”；enhance“加強(qiáng)”；guarantee“保證”；gear“開動(dòng)，使……合適”。句意：為了在國(guó)家激烈的貿(mào)易競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中生存，我們必須使我們生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的數(shù)量和種類適合市場(chǎng)需求。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.單選題

Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey'realwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforself-promotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround.‘It'siniquitous,’theysay,‘thatthisentirelyunproductiveindustry(ifwecancallitthat)shouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoestoshowhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon'ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoods?Afterall,it’stheconsumerwhopays...’

Thepooroldconsumer!He’dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn’tcreatemassmarketsforproducts.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.Agreatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceofoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedtobuyawashingmachine,itismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformance,price,etc.,fromanadvertisement.

Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisements,butthisclaimmaybeseriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenare,too!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements.Wouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybyelawswhilewaitingforatrain?Wouldyouliketoreadonlycloselyprintedcolumnsofnewsinyourdailypaper?Acheerful,wittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfullofthedailyrationofcalamities,

Wemustnotforget,cither,thatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspapers,commercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaper,orcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogrammesisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice!

Anotherthingwemustn’tforgetisthe‘smallads.’whicharcinvirtuallyeverynewspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstance,youcanfindajob,buyorsellahouse,announceabirth,marriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthe'hatch,matchanddispatch’columnbutbyfarthemostfascinatingsectionisthepersonalor'agony'column.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.It’sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis!

1.Whatismainideaofthispassage?

2.Theattitudeoftheauthortowardadvertisersis（）.

3.Whydothecriticscriticizeadvertisers?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNotTrue?

5.Thepassageis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Advertisement.

B.Thebenefitsofadvertisement.

C.Advertisersperformausefulservicetocommunities.

D.Thecostsofadvertisement.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.appreciative.

B.trustworthy.

C.critical.

D.dissatisfactory.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseadvertisersoftenbrag.

B.Becausecriticsthinkadvertisementisa“wasteofmoney”.

C.Becausecustomersareencouragedtobuymorethannecessary.

D.Becausecustomerspaymore.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Advertisementmakescontributiontoourpocketsandwemayknoweverything.

B.Wecanbuywhatwewant.

C.Goodqualityproductsdon’tneedtobeadvertised.

D.Advertisementmakesourlifecolorful.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Narration.

B.Description.

C.Criticism.

D.Argumentation.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，作者在第一段引出廣告這個(gè)話題，接著在接下來的段落從不同的角度講述了廣告給人們帶來的便利，表面上看似乎是在講廣告的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但實(shí)際上是在講述廣告服務(wù)于社會(huì)的功能，而且第一段實(shí)際上也有提到廣告的缺點(diǎn)，不全是在講述廣告的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，所以選項(xiàng)C更為恰當(dāng)。

2.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。A選項(xiàng)appreciative“贊賞的”；B選項(xiàng)trustworthy“信任的”；C選項(xiàng)critical“批評(píng)的”；D選項(xiàng)dissatisfactory“不滿意的”。根據(jù)原文可知，作者所提到的大多是廣告積極的一面，說明作者對(duì)其的態(tài)度是贊賞的，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。選項(xiàng)B“信任的”有點(diǎn)言過其實(shí)，畢竟作者在第一段也提及了廣告的缺點(diǎn)，所以談不上信任依賴，選B不正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的一、二句“Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey'realwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforself-promotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround.廣告商往往好高騖遠(yuǎn)，也許這就是他們總是招致批評(píng)的原因。批評(píng)者似乎對(duì)他們（廣告商）很氣憤，因?yàn)樗麄兩糜谧晕彝其N，而且有很多錢可以用來?yè)]霍?！庇纱丝芍u(píng)者批評(píng)廣告商是因?yàn)閺V告商喜歡吹噓，所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第四段的第一句“advertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.廣告為我們的口袋做出了積極的貢獻(xiàn)?！笨芍?，選項(xiàng)A正確；第二段提及“廣告可以提供信息，我們對(duì)家庭用品的了解很大程度上來自我們讀到的廣告”，也就是說我們可以買到自己想買的東西，所以選項(xiàng)B正確；選項(xiàng)C“高品質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品不需要廣告”在文中沒有提及；選項(xiàng)D“廣告使我們的生活多姿多彩”，在原文第三段的時(shí)候提及，符合原文。所以本題選C。

5.判斷推理題。A選項(xiàng)Narration“敘事”；B選項(xiàng)Description“描寫”；C選項(xiàng)Criticism“批判”；D選項(xiàng)Argumentation“議論”。文章首段就是對(duì)廣告的批評(píng)，后面再通過對(duì)比的手法說明廣告的功能，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

11.單選題

Itisawell-documentedfactthatwomenstilllivelongerthanmen.A1998studybyHarvardMedicalSchoolgeriatricianThomasPerlsofferstworeasons:oneistheevolutionarydrivetopassonhergenes;theotheristheneedtostayhealthyenoughtorearasmanychildrenaspossible.Aman’spurposeissimplytocarrygenesthatensurelongevityandpassthemontohischildren.

Okay,sothat'sthelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast.Butwhatisitaboutaman'slifestylethatreduceshislongevity?Asactionmoviemakersknowalltoowell,menaresuperchargedwithtestosterone.AsidefromforcingustowatchfrenziedmovieslikeTheMatrixReloaded,thetestes-producedhormonealsotriggersriskierbehaviorandaggression,andincreaseslevelsofharmfulcholesterol,raisingtheriskofheartdiseaseorstroke.Meanwhile,thefemalehormonechopsharmfulcholesterolandraises“good”cholesterol.

AsPerls’sstudypointsout:“Betweenages15and24,menarefourtofivetimesmorelikelytodiethanwomen.Thistimeframecoincideswiththeonsetofpubertyandanincreaseinrecklessandviolentbehaviorinmales.Researchersrefertoitasa“testosteronestorm”.Mostdeathsinthismalegroupcomefrommotorvehicleaccidents,followedbyhomicide,suicide...anddrowning.”

Whileallthisjumpingfromtallbuildingsmayresultinsomeaccidentaldeath,itstilldoesn'taccountfortheonsetoffatalillnessesatanearlierage.Statistically,menarecrippledmorequicklybyillnesseslikeheartdisease,strokeandcancer.ASingaporestudyfoundthatwhilemenwerediagnosedwithchronicillnesstwoyearsearlierthanwomen,womenwerealsodisabledbytheirillnessesfouryearslater.Menmoreoftenengageinriskierhabitslikedrinkingalcoholandusingrecreationaldrugs,aswellaseatingtoexcess.Andthestereotypeaboutmenbeingadversetoseeingadoctoronaregularbasis?Studieshaveshownit'strue.

Ifyourgoalistobecomethefirst100-year-oldmanonyourfamilytree,therearesomethingsyoucandotoboostyourodds.Oneistoexaminewhatcentenariansaredoingright.AccordingtotheongoingNewEnglandCentenarianStudy,thelargestcomprehensivestudyofcentenariansintheworld,theycanfendofforevenescapeage-associateddiseaseslikeheartattack,stroke,cancer,diabetesandAlzheimer's.Ninetypercentofthosestudiedwerefunctionallyindependentforthevastmajorityoftheirlivesupuntiltheageof92,and75%werejustasautonomousatanaverageageof95.“Centenariansdisprovetheperceptionthat‘theolderyouget,thesickeryouget.’Centenariansteachusthattheolderyouget,thehealthieryou’vebeen.”

1.Thispassagemainlydiscusses______.

2.AccordingtoThomasPerls,whichofthefollowingisamajorfactorcontributingtotherelativelongevityofwomenovermen?

3.Theauthormentions“thelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast”to______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,testosteroneisahormonethat______.

5.Comparedwithwomen,menasawhole______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whywomenleadahealthierlifethanmen

B.howwomencanlivelongerandstayhealthy

C.whatkeepsmenfromenjoyingalongerlifespan

D.whethermen'slifestyleleadstotheirearlydeath

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theirnaturalurgetoremainhealthy

B.Theirgreaternaturaldrivetopassongenes

C.Theirneedtobearhealthyoffspring

D.Theirdesiretohavemorechildren

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.supporttheargumentaboutwomen'sroleinrearingchildren

B.summarizeapossiblecauseofdifferentlifeexpectancies

C.challengethetheoryaboutourancestors'behaviorpatterns

D.illustratethehistoryofhumanevolutionprocess

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.increasesasmengrowolder

B.reducesriskfactorsinmalebehavior

C.leadstoaggressivebehaviorandheartdisease

D.accountsforwomen’sdislikeforviolentfilms

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.sufferfromdepressionmoreoften

B.sufferfromdiseaseslaterthanwomen

C.arereluctanttohavephysicalcheckups

D.arenotaffectedbyviolentmovies

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干，通讀全文，以及定位到文章首段第一句“Itisawell-documentedfactthatwomenstilllivelongerthanmen.”中文翻譯為：女人仍然比男人活得長(zhǎng)，這是一個(gè)有據(jù)可查的事實(shí)。A選項(xiàng)“為什么女性比男性生活得更健康?！蔽恼轮须m提及，但并不是文章的主要內(nèi)容。C選項(xiàng)“是什么讓男人不能享受更長(zhǎng)的壽命呢?！痹谖恼碌牡诙斡兴w現(xiàn)，但這篇文章不能簡(jiǎn)單地概括為“男人不能享受更長(zhǎng)的壽命?！盌選項(xiàng)的意思跟C選項(xiàng)大體一致，也可排除。由此可知B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“ThomasPerls”可以定位到原文第一段“oneistheevolutionarydrivetopassonhergenes;theotheristheneedtostayhealthyenoughtorearasmanychildrenaspossible.”中文翻譯為：一個(gè)是遺傳基因的進(jìn)化動(dòng)力；另一個(gè)是需要保持足夠的健康來?yè)狃B(yǎng)盡可能多的孩子。因此可知B選項(xiàng)“她們天生就有傳遞基因的動(dòng)力”符合題意。

3.作者意圖題。由題干關(guān)鍵句“thelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast”可定位到原文第二段“Okay,sothat'sthelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast”，中文翻譯為：好吧，這就是過去穴居人留下的遺產(chǎn)。根據(jù)后文轉(zhuǎn)折，可以得知C選項(xiàng)“挑戰(zhàn)關(guān)于我們祖先行為模式的理論”為正確答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“testosterone”可定位到原文第二段“thetestes-producedhormonealsotriggersriskierbehaviorandaggression,andincreaseslevelsofharmfulcholesterol,raisingtheriskofheartdiseaseorstroke.”，中文翻譯為：測(cè)試產(chǎn)生的荷爾蒙還會(huì)引發(fā)更危險(xiǎn)的行為和攻擊性，增加有害膽固醇的水平，增加患心臟病或中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?？芍狢選項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致攻擊性行為和心臟病”正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通過題干可以定位到第四段最后一句“Andthestereotypeaboutmenbeingadversetoseeingadoctoronaregularbasis?Studieshaveshownit’true.”中文大意：還有關(guān)于男人不喜歡經(jīng)?？瘁t(yī)生的刻板印象?研究表明這是真的。由此可知C選項(xiàng)“與女性相比，男性總體上不愿意做身體檢查”正確。

12.單選題

Wehadn’tmetfornearly20years,butIrecognizedhim_____Isawhiminthestreet.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theminutethat

B.theminutewhen

C.atatimewhen

D.atatimethat

【答案】A

【解析】考查theminutethat句型。句意：我們將近二十年沒見過面了，但是當(dāng)我在街上遇見他的那一刻我就認(rèn)出了他。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.單選題

Itisgenerallybelievedthatpeoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthoselivingin（

）populatedareas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.densely

B.intensely

C.abundantly

D.highly

【答案】A

【解析】densely濃密地，密集地；intensely強(qiáng)烈地，緊張地，熱情地；abundantly豐富地，大量地；highly高度地；非常。句意：人們普遍認(rèn)為住在小城鎮(zhèn)的人似乎比住在人口稠密地區(qū)的人更友好。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

14.單選題

Manynovelsthatattempttomirrortheworldarereally（

）oftherealitythatthey

represent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reflections

B.demonstrations

C.illuminations

D.reproductions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。reflection“反映”；demonstration“示范”；illumination“照明”；reproduction“繁殖”。句意：許多試圖向世界反映現(xiàn)實(shí)的小說，都反映了他們所代表的現(xiàn)實(shí)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

15.單選題

Ifyou（

）yourdemand,thenmaybeyouwillhavemorechanceofgettingwhatyouwant.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conduct

B.dismiss

C.grant

D.moderate

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)conduct“組織”；B選項(xiàng)dismiss“解散，解雇；不予理會(huì)，不予考慮”；C選項(xiàng)grant“授予”；D選項(xiàng)moderate“節(jié)制，減輕”。句意：如果你不考慮自己的需求，你將會(huì)有更多的機(jī)會(huì)獲得你想要的。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

16.單選題

The______questioninthiscaseiswhethertheaccusedhadamotiveforthiscrimeornot.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.crucial

B.forcible

C.supreme

D.valuable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)crucial“決定性的”；B選項(xiàng)forcible“有說服力的”；C選項(xiàng)supreme“最高的；極大的，極其的”；D選項(xiàng)valuable“有價(jià)值的；重要的”。句意：這個(gè)案子的______問題是被告是否有犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)。根據(jù)語境，A選項(xiàng)crucial“決定性的”比較符合犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)在案件中的參考作用，符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Heis______abouthischancesofwinningagoldmedalintheOlympics.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.optimistic

B.optional

C.outstanding

D.obvious

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)optimistic“樂觀的”；B選項(xiàng)optional“可選擇的”；C選項(xiàng)outstanding“優(yōu)秀的；重要的”；D選項(xiàng)obvious“明顯的”。句意：他對(duì)自己在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上贏得金牌的機(jī)率持______態(tài)度。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是對(duì)能否贏得金牌的預(yù)測(cè)，A選項(xiàng)optimistic“樂觀的”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Floodscausebillionsofdollarsworthofpropertydamage（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.relatively

B.actually

C.annually

D.comparatively

【答案】C

【解析】句意:洪水每年都造成幾十億美元價(jià)值的財(cái)產(chǎn)損害。

考查副詞辨析。relatively相對(duì)地；比較地；actually實(shí)際上；annually每年；comparatively比較上；相對(duì)地。因此C符合句意。

19.單選題

ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfound____inthewoodsoffthehighway.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vanished

B.scattered

C.abandoned

D.rejected

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.vanished突然消失；絕跡B.scattered分散

C.abandoned丟棄D.rejected拒絕

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接

【解題思路】空格前后語義為“Lee一家丟失的汽車被發(fā)現(xiàn)____在高速公路旁的樹林里。”根據(jù)前后語義可知，丟失的汽車被別人遺棄在高速公路旁的樹林里，C選項(xiàng)abandoned“丟棄”符合前后語義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)不符合原文語義銜接。

【句意】Lee一家丟失的汽車被發(fā)現(xiàn)遺棄在高速公路旁的樹林里。

20.單選題

Chosewiselywhenconsideringapartner,whethertoattendchurchandhowyoulookafteryourbody.Thesedecisionscouldhaveasignificanteffectonyouroveralllifesatisfaction.That’saccordingtoastudythatchallengesthetheorythatlifehappinessislargelypredeterminedbyyourgenes.

Thiswidelyaccepted“set-point”theoryofhappinesssaysthatanindividual’slong-termhappinesstendstobestablebecauseitdependsmainlyongeneticfactors.Theideaisbasedinpartonstudiesthat

showidenticaltwinshavemoresimilarleveloflifesatisfactionthannon-identicaltwins,andsuggeststhatalthoughyourlevelofhappinessmayoccasionallybethrownoffbymajorlifeevents,itwillalwaysreturntoasetlevelwithintwoyears.

Tofindoutwhetherpeoplereallyaredestinedforacertainlevelofhappiness,BruceHeadeyattheUniversityofMelbourneinAustraliaandhisteamquestionedpeopleinGermanyabouttheirjobs,lifestylesandsocialandreligiousactivities.Theyfoundthatcertainchangesinlifestyleledtosignificantlong-termchangesinreportedlifesatisfaction,ratherthancausingthetemporarydeflectionsinhappinessthatset-pointtheorywouldsuggest.

Oneofthebiggestinfluencesonaperson’shappinesswastheirpartner’slevelofneuroticism.Thosewithpartnerswhoscoredhighlyontestsforneuroticismweremorelikelytounhappy一andtostayunhappyforaslongastherelationshiplasted.

Altruismandfamilyvaluesalsoinfluencedlong-termhappiness.Peoplewhoseannualsurveyresponseschangedtoplaceahigherpriorityonaltruisticbehaviorsandfamilygoalswererewardedwithalong-termincreaseinlifesatisfaction.Thosewhoprioritizedcareerandmaterialsuccess,however,experiencedacorrespondinglastingdecline.

Havingstrongreligiouscommitmentsalsoseemedtohelpinthepursuitofhappiness.“Peoplewhoattendchurchregularlyseemtobehappierthanpeoplearenotreligious,”saysHeadey.

Aperson’sweightturnedouttobeanotherfactorforlong-termhappiness,especiallyforwomen.Underweightmenscoredslightlylowerthanthosewithhealthyweights,whilewomenreportedbeingsignificantlylesshappywhentheywereobese.Beingoverweightappearedtohavenoeffectonmen’shappiness.

RobertCumminsatDeakinUniversityinBurood,Australia,notesthatchangesinhappinessreportedbyHeadey’steamcouldbeinfluencedbyindividualsfallingintoorrecoveringfromdepression.

Thegroupsuggestsitsfindingsmaybeappliedtootherpopulations,hav