考研考博-英語-臺州學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-臺州學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareaisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties,however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicalhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlongago,withthecountryenteringarecessionandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak.TheU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneofprimarycauseofthepoorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderinautomotive-assemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts—aresultofthetrainingthatU.S.workersreceivedonthejob.

Morerecently,whileexaminehousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscoveredthatilliterate,non-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHouston,Texas,consistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustry’swork.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Wehavetosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit.Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn’tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld'sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivitytotheforestedfuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn’tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.

1.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportanceofeducationinpoorcountries______.

2.Itisstatedinparagraph1thatconstructionofaneweducationsystem_____.

3.AmajordifferencebetweentheJapaneseandU.S.workforcesisthat_____.

4.Theauthorquotestheexampleofourancestorstoshowthateducationemerged_____.

5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,developmentofeducation_____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.issubjectgroundlessdoubts

B.hasfallenvictimofbias

C.isconventionaldowngraded

D.hasbeenoverestimated

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.requiressufficientlaborforce

B.takeseffortsofgenerations

C.demandspriorityfromthegovernment

D.challengeseconomistsandpoliticians

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theU.S.workforceismoreorganized

B.theJapaneseworkforceisbetterdisciplined

C.theJapaneseworkforceismoreproductive

D.theU.S.workforcehasabettereducation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.asaresultofpressureongovernment

B.whenpeoplenolongerwenthunting

C.whenpeoplehadenoughtime

D.priortobetterwaysoffindingfood

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.followsimprovedproductivity

B.resultsdirectlyfromcompetitiveenvironments

C.doesnotdependoneconomicperformance

D.cannotaffordpoliticalchanges

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到文章第一段第二三句話…h(huán)owever,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.“……然而，傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為教育應(yīng)該是促進(jìn)貧窮國家經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的首要任務(wù)之一，這種觀點(diǎn)是錯誤的。我們很幸運(yùn)，因?yàn)樵谀抢锝⑿碌慕逃到y(tǒng)，并讓足夠多的人通過這些系統(tǒng)來改善經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)，需要兩三代人的努力”，從這句可知很多人都會認(rèn)為不發(fā)達(dá)國家要想獲得快速發(fā)展就的通過發(fā)展教育來達(dá)成，但事實(shí)是僅僅是新的教育體系發(fā)展起來都得需要經(jīng)歷兩到三代人的努力才能實(shí)現(xiàn)，達(dá)不到快速這個目標(biāo)，所以教育的作用是被高估了的，所以答案選D“被高估了”。

A選項(xiàng)“受到無端質(zhì)疑”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

B選項(xiàng)“變成了偏見的受害者”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

C選項(xiàng)“通常被貶低”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第一段第三句話Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.“我們很幸運(yùn)，因?yàn)樵谀抢锝⑿碌慕逃到y(tǒng)，并讓足夠多的人通過這些系統(tǒng)來改善經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)，需要兩三代人的努力”，從這里可知答案選B“需要幾代人的努力”；

A選項(xiàng)“需要足夠的勞動力”，第一段沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“要求政府放在首位”，定位到第一段第二句話…h(huán)owever,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.“……然而，傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為教育應(yīng)該是促進(jìn)貧窮國家經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的首要任務(wù)之一，這種觀點(diǎn)是錯誤的”，這里只是提到人們會下意識的認(rèn)為要把教育放在第一位，與題目描寫的新教育體系的建立無關(guān)，這里屬于出處錯誤；

D選項(xiàng)“挑戰(zhàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和政治家”，定位到第一段第一句Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike“在貧窮國家，正規(guī)教育和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長之間的關(guān)系被經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和政治家們廣泛誤解”，這說的是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和政治學(xué)家的一種誤解，與題目描寫的新教育體系的建立無關(guān)所以不選，這里屬于出處錯誤。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，定位到第二段倒數(shù)第一句話YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts“然而，研究顯示，本田、尼桑和豐田的美國工廠的生產(chǎn)率達(dá)到了日本同行的95%左右”，從這里可以知道，雖然美國工人能夠達(dá)到日本工人95%的生產(chǎn)率但是日本工人的生產(chǎn)效率還是高一些的，所以C選項(xiàng)“日本的勞動力效率更高”。

A選項(xiàng)“美國的勞動力更有組織”，文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“日本的勞動力更有紀(jì)律性”，文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“美國勞動力有更好的教育”，定位到第二段第三句話TheU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducated…“美國的勞動力被嘲笑為受教育程度低……”從這里可知，D選項(xiàng)錯誤，屬于反向干擾。

4.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood（一萬年前，當(dāng)我們的祖先還是獵人和采集者時，除了尋找食物，他們沒有時間思考其他事情）”，這個“其他事情”指向定位句的上一句“Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted（畢竟，教育就是這樣開始的）”，此處說的就是教育的出現(xiàn)需要一個很重要的條件“時間”。因此C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)人們有了足夠時間時”符合題意。

A選項(xiàng)“這是政府壓力的結(jié)果”來自于倒數(shù)第二段“evenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit（即使政府不強(qiáng)迫）”，但是這并非說明政府壓迫是導(dǎo)致教育出現(xiàn)的原因，本段說的是“經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與教育的關(guān)系”，屬于偷換概念。

B選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)人們不再去打獵”同樣來自倒數(shù)第二句“ourancestorswerehunters”，但這里是說，由于需要尋找食物，才沒有時間去思考其他事情，并未提及不再打獵這個條件，屬于偷換概念。

D選項(xiàng)“教育先于更好的尋找食物的方法出現(xiàn)”來自倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings（只有當(dāng)人類開始以更有效的方式獲取食物時，才有時間做其他事情）”，因此“betterwaysoffindingfoods”應(yīng)先出現(xiàn)，才有教育的可能性，屬于曲解原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段第一二句Aseducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.“隨著教育的改善，人類的生產(chǎn)力潛力也在增加。當(dāng)競爭環(huán)境推動我們的祖先發(fā)揮這種潛力時，他們反過來也能負(fù)擔(dān)得起更多的教育”，從這里可知，教育能夠提高生產(chǎn)力潛能，當(dāng)潛能被競爭激發(fā)出來生產(chǎn)率提高時，反過來又可以提高教育水平，所以答案選A選項(xiàng)“隨著提高的生產(chǎn)率而來”；

B選項(xiàng)“直接來自競爭環(huán)境的結(jié)果”，屬于反向干擾，競爭激發(fā)生產(chǎn)潛能然后再有助于教育提高，不是直接參與教育的發(fā)展；

C選項(xiàng)“不依賴于經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)”，定位到最后一段第三句Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.（對于先進(jìn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)所要求的復(fù)雜的政治制度來說，教育水平的日益提高可能是必要的，但不是充分的條件），教育發(fā)展是依賴于復(fù)雜政治制度的必要不充分條件，所以說教育的發(fā)展不能推動政治的發(fā)展，而政治的發(fā)展可以推動教育的發(fā)展，從文章可以看出而政治的發(fā)展依賴于經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)，所以可以說教育的發(fā)展依賴于經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)，所以C選項(xiàng)錯誤；

D選項(xiàng)“無法承受政治變革”，定位到第四段第四句Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.（因此，如果沒有政治變革，窮國可能無法擺脫貧困陷阱，而政治變革只有通過更廣泛的正規(guī)教育才能實(shí)現(xiàn)），這里沒有提及政治變革對教育的影響只講看教育對政治變革的影響，所以D選項(xiàng)屬于曲意理解。

2.單選題

Inasupermarket,allcommoditiesareopentocustomerswhocanselectwhattheyneed（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.withtheirease

B.attheirease

C.attheireasiness

D.withtheireasiness

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。atone'sease是固定短語,意為"沒有拘束的"。句意：在超市里,所有的商品都對顧客開放,顧客可以自由選擇他們需要的東西。

3.單選題

Apainstakingprocessofreinventingledtonewcorecoursesdesignedtohelpstudentsdevelopglobalawarenessandstrengthentheiranalyticalandreasoningabilities,criticalreadingskills,andwriting（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.profession

B.performance

C.proficiency

D.progress

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。profession“職業(yè)，專業(yè)”；performance“性能，績效”；proficiency“精通，熟練”；progress“進(jìn)步，發(fā)展”。句意：一個艱苦的改造過程帶來了新的核心課程，旨在幫助學(xué)生發(fā)展全球意識，提升他們的分析和推理能力，提高批判性閱讀和寫作的熟練程度。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

Thestormsweepingoverthispartofthecountryissuretocause（）ofvegetablesinthecomingdays.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rarity

B.preliminary

C.inefficiency

D.invalidity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。rarity“罕見，珍貴”；preliminary“初步行動；準(zhǔn)備工作”；inefficiency“效率低；無效率”；invalidity“無效，無價(jià)值?！薄氨槐╋L(fēng)雨襲擊”與“蔬菜”之間的關(guān)系是前者會造成后者短缺，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

Thethreeclimberscanemployaguideto（）themontheirwayupthemountain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.guide

B.conduct

C.lead

D.direct

【答案】C

【解析】句意:那三個登山者可以在爬山的路上雇一個向?qū)ьI(lǐng)他們上山。

考查動詞辨析。guide帶領(lǐng)，陪同……到目的地；conduct引導(dǎo)，組織安排；lead帶路，引領(lǐng);direct把……對準(zhǔn)，指路。因此C符合句意。

6.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Everybookstandsbyitself,likeaone-familyhouse,butbooksinalibraryarelikehousesinacity.Althoughtheyareseparated,togethertheyalladduptosomething;theyareconnectedwitheachotherandwithothercities.Thesameideas,orrelatedones,turnupindifferentplaces;thehumanproblemsthatrepeatthemselvesinliferepeatthemselvesinliterature,butwithdifferentsolutionsaccordingtodifferentwritingsatdifferenttimes.Booksinfluenceeachother;theylinkthepast,thepresentandthefutureandhavetheirowngenerations,likefamilies.Whereveryoustartreadingyouconnectyourselfwithoneofthefamiliesofideas,andinthelongrun,younotonlyfindoutabouttheworldandthepeopleinit;youfindoutaboutyourself,too.

Readingcanonlybefunifyouexpectittobe.Ifyouconcentrateonabookthatmeanssomethingtoyou,andrelaxwithit,youwillalmostcertainlyhaveagoodtime—andifyoubecome,asaresultofreading,better,wiser,kinder,ormoregentle,youwon’thavesufferedduringtheprocess.

【答案】每本書彼此獨(dú)立，就像一個個獨(dú)戶住宅，而圖書館里的藏書就好像城市里的千家萬戶。盡管它們相互獨(dú)立，但只有互相聯(lián)系才有意義，家家戶戶彼此相連，城市與城市彼此相依。相同或相似的思想在不同地方涌現(xiàn)。在生活中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的問題也會在文學(xué)作品反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，但因時代與作品的差異，解決對策也會有所不同。書籍之間也會互相影響，它們聯(lián)系著過去、現(xiàn)在和將來，并且如同家庭一樣也會世代延續(xù)。無論從哪里開始閱讀，你都會將自己和一個家族的思想聯(lián)系在一起，長遠(yuǎn)來看，你不僅能發(fā)現(xiàn)這個世界和里面的人，也能在其中發(fā)現(xiàn)自我。

閱讀只有在你期望它有趣時才會真的有趣。如果你專注于一本對你有特殊意義的書，并且樂在其中，那么你就會體驗(yàn)一段美妙的時光——如果你因?yàn)殚喿x而變得更加善良、聰明、隨和或是優(yōu)雅，那么你就會享受閱讀的過程。

7.單選題

Theirviewthatwomenarethenatural（）ofmoralityisnotmyview.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.guardians

B.guards

C.guides

D.soldiers

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：他們認(rèn)為，女人是道德的天然，但我不認(rèn)同。guardians守護(hù)者、保護(hù)人；guards守衛(wèi)、后衛(wèi)、護(hù)衛(wèi)隊(duì)、禁衛(wèi)軍；guides引導(dǎo)、向?qū)В籹oldiers軍人。故選A。

8.單選題

IadmitIhavemadeamistake,______Idenytheseriousconsequenceitmayhave.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.so

B.sowill

C.norwill

D.howcan

【答案】C

【解析】考查admit和deny互為反義詞，admit=notdeny，且nor；hardly；innoway；little；scarcely；seldom；never；nomore；nolonger；not；notonly；nosooner；Notonly...butalso；notuntil...等具有否定意義的詞或詞組位于句首，句子用部分倒裝。即是把Inorwilldeny倒裝為norwillIdeny。句意：我承認(rèn)我犯了錯誤，也不否認(rèn)它可能造成的嚴(yán)重后果。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Defendersofspecialprotectivelaborlegislationforwomenoftenmaintainthateliminatingsuchlawswoulddestroythefruitsofacenturylongstrugglefortheprotectionofwomenworkers.Evenabriefexaminationofthehistoricpracticeofcourtsandemployerswouldshowthatthefruitofsuchlawshasbeenbitter:theyare,inpractice,moreofacursethanablessing.

Sex-definedprotectivelawshaveoftenbeenbasedonstereotypicalassumptionsconcerningwomen’sneedsandabilitiesandemployershavefrequentlyusedthemaslegalexcusesfordiscriminatingagainstwomen.AfterWorldWarII,forinstance,businessesandgovernmentsoughttopersuadewomentovacatejobsinfactories,thusmakingroominthelaborforceforreturningveterans.Therevivalorpassageofstatelawslimitingthedailyorweeklyworkhoursofwomenconvenientlyaccomplishedthis.Employershadonlytodeclarethatovertimehourswereanecessaryconditionofemploymentorpromotionintheirfactory,andwomencouldbequitelegallyfired,refusedjobs,orkeptatlowwagelevels,allinthenameof“protecting”theirhealth.Byvalidatingsuchlawswhentheyarechallengedbylawsuits,thecourtshaveconspiredovertheyearsinestablishingdifferentlessadvantageousemploymenttermsforwomen’scompetitivenessonthejobmarket.Atthesametime,eventhemostwell-intentionedlawmakers,courtsandemployershaveoftenbeenblindtotherealneedsofwomen.Thelawmakersandthecourtscontinuetopermitemployerstoofferemployeehealthinsuranceplansthatcoverallknownhumanmedicaldisabilitiesexceptthoserelatingtopregnancyandchildbirth.

Finally,laborlawsprotectingonlyspecialgroupsareoftenineffectiveatprotectingtheworkerswhoareactuallyintheworkplace.Somechemicals,forexample,posereproductiverisksforwomenofchildbearingyears;manufacturersusingthechemicalscomplywithlawsprotectingwomenagainstthesehazardsbyrefusingtohirethem.Thusthesex-definedlegislationprotectsthehypotheticalfemaleworker,buthasnoeffectwhateveronthesafetyofanyactualemployee.Thehealthriskstomaleemployeesinsuchindustriescan’tbenegligible,sincechemicalstoxicenoughtocausebirthdefectsinfetusesinwomenarepresumablyharmfultothehumanmetabolism.Protectivelawsaimedatchangingproductionmaterialsortechniquesinordertoreducesuchhazardswouldbenefitallemployeeswithoutdiscriminatingagainstany.

Insum,protectivelaborlawsforwomenarediscriminatoryanddonotmeettheirintendedpurpose.Legislatorsshouldrecognizethatwomenareintheworkforcetostayandthattheirneeds—goodhealthcare,adecentwage,andasafeworkplace—aretheneedsofallworkers.Lawsthatignorethesefactsviolatewomen’srightsforequalprotectioninemployment.

9.Accordingtotheauthor,whichismosthelpfulindecidingthevalueofspecialprotectivelaborlegislationforwomen?

10.Speciallaborlawsprotectingwomenworkerstendto（）.

11.Itcanbeinferredthatmanyemployeehealthinsuranceplans（）.

12.Ashortcomingofprotectivelaborlawsthatsingleoutaparticulargroupofworkersforprotectionis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Anestimateofthenumberofwomenworkersinfavorofsuchlaws.

B.Ananalysisofthecosttoemployersofcompliancewithsuchlaws.

C.Asurveyoftheactualeffectssuchlawshavehadonwomenworkers.

D.Aconsiderationoftherealintentionsheldbytheadvocatesofsuchlaws.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.makeitlesslikelythatwomenwillbeemployed

B.havelittleimpactofanykindonwomenworkers

C.modifythestereotypesthatemployersoftenholdconcerningwomen

D.increasethelikelihoodthatemployersdenywomendisabilityplans

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.meetminimumlegalrequirements

B.lackthespecialprovisionsforwomenworkers

C.coveronlysomecommonmedicalconditionsaffectingwomen

D.paythemedicalcostsassociatedwithpregnancyandchildbirth

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.suchlawsareoftentooweaktobeeffectiveatprotectingthegroupinquestion

B.employer’scompliancewithsuchlawsresultsinincreasedtensionamongworkers

C.suchlawsexertnopressureonemployerstoeliminatehazardsintheworkplace

D.compliancewithsuchlawsisoftencostlyforemployersconcerned

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】9.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Evenabriefexaminationofthehistoricpracticeofcourtsandemployerswouldshowthatthefruitofsuchlawshasbeenbitter:theyare,inpractice,moreofacursethanablessing.（即使對法院和雇主的歷史實(shí)踐進(jìn)行簡單的考察，也會發(fā)現(xiàn)這些法律的結(jié)果是苦澀的：在實(shí)踐中，它們更多的是詛咒而不是祝福。），說明調(diào)查這些法律的實(shí)際影響是最有助于決定婦女特殊勞動保護(hù)法的價(jià)值的。因此C選項(xiàng)“調(diào)查這類法律對女工的實(shí)際影響”正確。A選項(xiàng)“對贊成這種法律的女工人數(shù)的估計(jì)”，B選項(xiàng)“對雇主遵守這類法律的成本的分析”，D選項(xiàng)“對這類法律的倡導(dǎo)者所持的真實(shí)意圖的思考”均不符合題意，所以A，B，D錯誤。

10.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句Finally,laborlawsprotectingonlyspecialgroupsareoftenineffectiveatprotectingtheworkerswhoareactuallyintheworkplace.Somechemicals,forexample,posereproductiverisksforwomenofchildbearingyears;manufacturersusingthechemicalscomplywithlawsprotectingwomenagainstthesehazardsbyrefusingtohirethem.（最后，僅保護(hù)特殊群體的勞動法往往無法保護(hù)實(shí)際工作中的工人。例如，一些化學(xué)物質(zhì)對育齡婦女構(gòu)成生育風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；使用這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)的制造商遵守保護(hù)婦女免受這些危險(xiǎn)的法律，拒絕雇用她們。），說明保護(hù)女工的特殊勞動法并不能保護(hù)她們的權(quán)益，反而會造成女性就業(yè)的困難。因此A選項(xiàng)“使女性就業(yè)的可能性降低”正確。B選項(xiàng)“對女工影響不大”，C選項(xiàng)“改變雇主對女性經(jīng)常持有的刻板印象”，D選項(xiàng)“增加了雇主拒絕女性殘疾計(jì)劃的可能性”均不符合題意，所以B，C，D錯誤。

11.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“healthinsuranceplans”可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Thelawmakersandthecourtscontinuetopermitemployerstoofferemployeehealthinsuranceplansthatcoverallknownhumanmedicaldisabilitiesexceptthoserelatingtopregnancyandchildbirth.（立法者和法院繼續(xù)允許雇主為雇員提供醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃，該計(jì)劃涵蓋所有已知的人類醫(yī)療殘疾，但與懷孕和分娩有關(guān)的殘疾除外。），說明醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃涵蓋大多數(shù)常見的疾病，但和女性相關(guān)的除外。因此B選項(xiàng)“缺乏對女工的特殊規(guī)定”正確。A選項(xiàng)“符合最低法律要求”，C選項(xiàng)“只涵蓋一些影響婦女的常見病癥”，D選項(xiàng)“支付與懷孕和生育有關(guān)的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用”均不符合題意，所以A，C，D錯誤。

12.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到第三段，第三段首先說到Finally,laborlawsprotectingonlyspecialgroupsareoftenineffectiveatprotectingtheworkerswhoareactuallyintheworkplace.（最后，僅保護(hù)特殊群體的勞動法往往無法保護(hù)實(shí)際工作中的工人。），后面又舉了化學(xué)工廠的例子Thehealthriskstomaleemployeesinsuchindustriescan’tbenegligible,sincechemicalstoxicenoughtocausebirthdefectsinfetusesinwomenarepresumablyharmfultothehumanmetabolism.（在這些工廠中，對男性工人健康的危險(xiǎn)也不能被忽略，既然那些化學(xué)毒素能導(dǎo)致胎兒的生育缺陷或使婦女不育，那么推而廣之，其必然會對人類的新陳代謝有害。），說明將某一特定勞動者群體單列出來加以保護(hù)的法律并不能解決實(shí)際問題，比如化學(xué)工廠對工人造成的危害依舊存在，因?yàn)檫@些工廠不會消除化學(xué)毒素的危害，只會遵守保護(hù)女性避免這些危險(xiǎn)的法律而拒絕招聘她們。因此C選項(xiàng)“這些法律不會對雇主施加壓力，使其消除工作場所的危害”正確。A選項(xiàng)“這種法律往往太弱，不能有效地保護(hù)有關(guān)群體”，B選項(xiàng)“雇主遵守這些法律導(dǎo)致工人之間的緊張關(guān)系加劇”，D選項(xiàng)“對有關(guān)雇主來說，遵守這些法律的成本往往很高”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，B，D錯誤。

10.單選題

Atfirst,thecompanyrefusedtopurchasetheequipment,butthisdecisionwas______revised.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subsequently

B.successively

C.predominantly

D.preliminarily

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)subsequently“隨后”；B選項(xiàng)successively“接連的”；C選項(xiàng)predominantly“顯著地”；D選項(xiàng)preliminarily“初步地”。句意：起初，公司拒絕購買設(shè)備，但這一決定______被修改了。根據(jù)語境，這里指決定在后來被修改，所以subsequently“隨后”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Personneldepartmenttakeschargeofdecidingwhoshouldbe（）ourParisbranch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transplanted

B.transmitted

C.transferred

D.transported

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。transplant“移植”；transmit“傳輸”；transfer“轉(zhuǎn)讓、移交”；transport“運(yùn)輸”。本句意為“人事部門負(fù)責(zé)決定誰被調(diào)到巴黎分公司去”，此句提到人事部門，所以有關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)接，因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

12.單選題

Therearesomedangersyoucannotescapefrom.Itiswisetoignorethosethatare（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.regardless

B.elementary

C.inevitable

D.essential

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。regardless意為“不管，不顧”；elementary意為“基礎(chǔ)的，初級的”；inevitable意為“不可避免的”；essential意為“必不可少的，本質(zhì)的”。

句意：有些危險(xiǎn)是你無法逃避的。忽視那些不可避免的危險(xiǎn)是明智的。

13.單選題

Womenhavesignificantadvantagesovermeninspacebecausetheyneedlessfoodandlessoxygenandthey_______radiationbetter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.standupto

B.standinfor

C.standupfor

D.standinwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)standupto“經(jīng)得起；抵抗；勇敢地面對”；B選項(xiàng)standinfor“代替”；C選項(xiàng)standupfor“擁護(hù)；堅(jiān)持”；D選項(xiàng)standinwith“與……聯(lián)合；同……分擔(dān)”。句意：女性在太空中比男性有顯著優(yōu)勢，因?yàn)樗齻冃枰俚氖澄锖透俚难鯕?，而且她們更能_______輻射。根據(jù)語境，standupto“經(jīng)得起；抵抗”搭配radiation“輻射”比較合理，意指女性更能承受輻射。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

IndescribingtheIndiansofthevarioussectionsoftheUnitedStatesatdifferentstagesintheirhistory,someofthefactorswhichaccountfortheirsimilarityamiddifferencecanbereadilyaccountedfor,othersaredifficultto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.refine

B.discern

C.embed

D.cluster

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)refine“精煉；改善”；B選項(xiàng)discern“覺察出；識別”；C選項(xiàng)embed“栽種；使嵌入”；D選項(xiàng)cluster“使聚集”。句意：在描述不同歷史階段美國不同地區(qū)的印第安人時，一些說明印第安人差異中的相似處的因素可以很容易地加以說明，另一些就難以……。由此可知，我們需要找出的是accountfor的同義詞，選項(xiàng)中只有B選項(xiàng)意義接近，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

Hewouldhavefinishedhiscollegeeducation,buthe（

）toquitandfindajobtosupporthisfamily.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadhad

B.has

C.had

D.wouldhave

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他本來會完成自己的大學(xué)教育，但是他卻不得不放棄，然后找一份工作來養(yǎng)家。

語法題考查一般過去吋態(tài)。由句中關(guān)鍵詞“wouldhavefinished本來會完成”表示對過去事情的假設(shè),因此這里表示對過去情況的描述，故C項(xiàng)“had（其為動詞have的過去時態(tài)）”正確。

16.單選題

Thecarenginemay（）aswegoupthehill.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extinguish

B.stall

C.cease

D.start

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。extinguish“熄滅，壓制，消滅”；stall“熄火，拖延”；cease“停止，結(jié)束”；start“開始”。句意：當(dāng)我們上山時，汽車發(fā)動機(jī)可能會熄火。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

Thereisageneral______thatpouringoldwineintothesamebottlesisthewrongwaytogo.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.consensus

B.census

C.censorship

D.conscience

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)consensus“一致；輿論；合意”；B選項(xiàng)census“人口普查，人口調(diào)查；（官方的）統(tǒng)計(jì)，調(diào)查”；C選項(xiàng)censorship“審查制度；審查機(jī)構(gòu)”；D選項(xiàng)conscience“道德心，良心”。句意：人們普遍認(rèn)為，把陳年的酒倒進(jìn)同一個瓶子里是錯誤的做法。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

PeoplesaythatJohnSmithisveryeccentric.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.neat

B.nervous

C.odd

D.proud

【答案】C

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE考查形容詞詞義辨析。題目中eccentric為“古怪的（人）；反常的”A選項(xiàng)為“整潔的；干凈的”；B選項(xiàng)為“神經(jīng)的；緊張不安的”；C選項(xiàng)為“古怪的；臨時的；奇數(shù)的”；D選項(xiàng)為“自豪的；得意的”。由句意可知，人們說約翰斯密斯是個非常古怪的。因此，正確答案是C項(xiàng)。

19.單選題

Allthe

peopleinthestadiumcheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（）

slowly

intothesky.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ascending

B.elevating

C.floating

D.lingering

【答案】A

【解析】ascend可做不及物動詞,指上升；elevate意思相近,但是是及物動詞。float指漂浮；linger

指逗留。句意：當(dāng)看到幾百只彩球緩緩升上天空時,運(yùn)動場里所有的人都?xì)g呼起來。選項(xiàng)A正確。

20.單選題

Inhimoneseesameetingpoint,a（）ofconflicts,thusatruehistoricalpersonality.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.representation

B.representative

C.symbol

D.sign

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)representation“表現(xiàn)（以特殊方式呈現(xiàn)某人或某事物的行為；展示或描述……的事物）”；B選項(xiàng)representative“代表，典型（代表某一特定群體的人）”；C選項(xiàng)symbol“象征，標(biāo)志（代表一般性質(zhì)或情況的人、物、事件等，是意識形態(tài)等非物質(zhì)東西的象征）”；D選項(xiàng)sign“符合，記號（表示某事物存在、正在發(fā)生或?qū)砜赡馨l(fā)生的事件、動作、事實(shí)等）”。根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容，ameetingpoint“匯點(diǎn)”，可以推測他作為典型的代表人物，代表某一特定群體的人，因此答案為B選項(xiàng)，句意：在他身上，有一個交匯點(diǎn)，一個斗爭的典型……，因而他是一個真正的歷史人物。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

21.翻譯題

Wedonotknowexactlyhowlongthecountryhasbeenoccupiedbuttheearliestdiscoveredsiteofoccupationisabout47,000yearsold.Toputthisinperspective,sincetheFirstFleetarrivedin1788therehavebeenonlyeightgenerationsofsettlers.Ontheotherhand,therehavebeenatleast18,500generationsofthePeoplesoftheDreaming.

ThePeoplesoftheDreamingbelongedtoover500differentgroupsornationswithdifferentlanguagesandculturesbuttheywereboundtogetherbytheirbeliefintheDreaming.“TheDreaming”or“TheDreamtime”isthemostenduringreligioninAustraliatoday.Itisbasedonthecentralprinciplethatthepeoplewholiveonthecontinenthavespecialresponsibilitiestotheland—thatthelandownsthemandthattheyholditintrustasthehomeoftheircreator.However,intheimmenselyvariablelandscapeofthecountry,differentculturesanddifferentlanguagesdevelopedwithinthisbroadframeworkoftheDreamtime.

【答案】我們不知道這個國家被占領(lǐng)的確切時間，但最早發(fā)現(xiàn)的占領(lǐng)遺址大約有4.7萬年的歷史。從這個角度來看，自1788年第一艦隊(duì)到達(dá)后，只有8代移民。另一方面，已經(jīng)有至少18500代夢創(chuàng)時代的后人（原住民）。

夢創(chuàng)時代的后人屬于500多個不同的群體或國家，他們擁有不同的語言和文化，但他們因?yàn)閴衾锏男拍疃?lián)系在一起。夢創(chuàng)時代是今天澳大利亞最持久的宗教。它基于這樣一個中心原則：生活在大陸上的人民對土地負(fù)有特殊責(zé)任——土地?fù)碛兴麄兌宜麄儼淹恋刈鳛閯?chuàng)造者的家園來保管。然而，在這個國家多變的景觀中，不同的文化和不同的語言在這個夢創(chuàng)時代的大框架內(nèi)發(fā)展起來。

22.單選題

Stressisastateofimbalancebetweendemandsmadeonusfromoutsidesourcesandourcapabilitiestomeetthosedemands.Often,itprecedesandoccursconcurrentlywithconflict.Stress,asyouhaveseen,canbroughtonbyphysicalevents,otherpeople’sbehavior,socialsituations,ourownbehavior,feelings,thoughts,oranythingthatresultsinheightenedbodilyawareness.Inmanycases,whenyouexperiencepain,anger,fear,ordepression,theseemotionsarearesponsetoastressfulsituationlikeconflict.

Sometimes,inhighlystressfulconflictsituations,wemustcopewiththestressbeforewecopewiththeconflict.Relievingsomeoftheintensityoftheimmediateemotionalresponsewillallowustobecomemorelogicalandtolerantinresolvingtheconflict.

Peopleresponddifferentlytoconflictjustastheyresponsedifferentlytostress.Somepeoplehandlebothbetterthanothersdo.Individualdifferencesarenotasimportantaslearninghowtomanagethestresswefeel.Thegoalinstressmanagementisself-control,particularlyinthefaceofstressfulevents.

Controllingphysicalsymptomsofstressrequiresrelaxation.Sitinacomfortablepositioninaquietplacewheretherearenodistractions.Closeyoureyesandpaynoattentiontotheoutsideworld.Concentrateonlyonyourbreathing.Slowlyinhaleandexhale.Now,witheachinhaledbreathsay“relax”gentlyandpassively.Makeitarelaxingexperience.Ifyouusethismethodtohelpyouinconflictsituationsoveraperiodoftime,theword“relax”willbecomeassociatedwithasenseofphysicalcalm;sayingitinastressfulsituationwillhelpinduceasenseofpeace.

Controllingyourthoughtsisthesecondmajorelementinstressmanagement.Managingstresssuccessfullyrequiresflexibilityinthinking.Thatis,youmustconsideralternativeview.Yourcurrentviewiscausingthestress!Youmustalsokeepfromattachingtoomuchimportancetoevents,asthingsmayseemlessimportantwhenviewedinadifferentway.

36.Themainpointofthisreadingisthat（）.

37.Controllingyourthoughtsalwaysinvolves（）.

38.Humanresponsetostressis（）.

39.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinwritingtheselectionisto（）.

40.Whichofthefollowingstatementsincludedintheselectionmostdirectlysupportsthewriter’sviewthatstressiscontrollable?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stressisanimbalancebetweeninternalandexternaldemands

B.controllingphysicalreactionsandthoughtsisaneffectivemeansofmanagingstress

C.relaxationisthekeytosuccessfulstressmanagement

D.stressmanagementrequiresaproblem-solvingapproach

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.consideringthesituationfromdifferentperspectives

B.imaginingyourselfmanagingthestress

C.relaxationtechniquestoeliminatephysicalsymptoms

D.agentleandpassivebreath

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.universal

B.variableaccordingtosex

C.unchanging

D.individual

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.explaintherelationshipbetweenstressandconflict

B.instructthereaderonhowtocontrolstress

C.describerelaxationtechniques

D.persuadethereadertoreducestressthroughsuccessfulmanagement

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thingsmayseemlessimportantwhenviewedinadifferentway.

B.Stressisanimbalancebetweendemands.

C.Peopleresponddifferentlytoconflict,justastheyresponddifferentlytostress.

D.Managingstresssuccessfullyrequiresflexibilityinthings.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】36.主旨大意題。定位在第一句Stressisastateofimbalancebetweendemandsmadeonusfromoutsidesourcesandourcapabilitiestomeetthosedemands.（壓力是外界對我們的要求和滿足這些要求的自身能力之間存在的失衡狀態(tài)。）A選項(xiàng)“壓力是內(nèi)在需求和外在需求之間的不平衡”，由第一句可知壓力是外在需求和自身能力之間失衡而產(chǎn)生的，表述有誤，B選項(xiàng)“控制身體反應(yīng)和思想是管理壓力的有效手段”定位在最后兩段的首句。Controllingphysicalsymptomsofst