考研考博-英語(yǔ)-寧夏理工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-寧夏理工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theteacher（）theirexercises.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.madethestudentsdo

B.makethestudentsdoing

C.havemakethestudentsdo

D.makethestudentsdone

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞用法辨析。A選項(xiàng)madethestudentsdo“讓學(xué)生做”；B選項(xiàng)makethestudentsdoing；C選項(xiàng)havemakethestudentsdo；D選項(xiàng)makethestudentsdone。句意：老師……他們的鍛煉。根據(jù)句意make的用法為makesth.do，得知A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

ItisincongruousthatthenumberofBritishinstitutionsofferingMBAcoursesshouldhavegrownby254percentduringaperiodwhentheeconomyhasbeenslidingintodeeperrecession.Optimists,orthosegiventospeed,assumptions,mightthinkitmarveloustohavesucharesourceofbusinessschoolgraduatesreadyfortherecovery.Unfortunately,thereisnowmuchdoubtaboutthevalueofthedegreenotleastamongMBAgraduatesthemselves,sufferingastheyarefromtheeffectsofrecessionandfacingtheprospectofshrinkingmanagementstructures.

Whatwastakensomeyearsagoasaticketofcertainadmissiontosuccessisnowbeingexposedtothescrutinyofcost-consciousemployerswhoseek“can-dos”ratherthan“might-dos”,andwhofeelthatacademiahasnotbeensufficientlyappreciativeoftheneedsofindustryoroftheemployers’possiblecontribution.

Itiscurious,giventhenameofthedegree,thatthereshouldbenoleaguetableforUKbusinessschools;nounanimityaboutwhatthedegreeshouldencompass;andnoagreedsystemofaccreditation.Surelythereissomethingwrong.Onewonderswhereallthetutorsforthismassiveinfusionofbusinessexpertisecamefromandwhyallthismushroomingtookplace.

Perhapscompaniesthatmadelargeinvestmentswouldhavebeenwisertoinvestinalreadyexistingmanagers,perchedanxiouslyontheirowninternalladders.TheInstituteofManagement’s1992survey,whichrevealedthateighty-onepercentofmanagersthoughttheypersonallywouldbemoreeffectiveiftheyreceived-moretraining,suggeststhatthismightbethecase.Thereis,too,thefactthattrainingalonedoesnotmakesuccessfulmanagers.Theyneedtheinherentqualifications.Ofcharacter,adegreeofself-subjugation;and,aboveall,theabilitytocommunicateandlead;moresonow,whenempowermentisabuzzwordthatisatleastgeneratinggenuflections,ifnottotalconviction.

Onecaneasilythinkofpeople,somecomparativelyunlettered,whoarenowlaudedcaptainsofindustry.Wemay,therefore,notneedtobetooconcernedaboutthefallinapplicationsforbusinessschoolplaces,oreventhedoubtaboutMBAs.Theproliferationandsubsequentquestioningmayhavebeenaninevitableevolution.IftheManagementCharterInitiative,nowexploringtheintroductionofaseniormanagementqualification,issuccessful,therewillbeapowerfulcorrective.

Webelievenowthatmanagementisallaboutchange.Onehopestherewillbesomeofthatinrelationshipbetweenmanagementandsciencewithinindustry,currentlycausingconcernandwhichisoverdueforattention.Noonedoubtsthatweneedmorescientistsandinnovationtogiveusanedgeinanincreasinglycompetitiveworld.Ifscientistsfeelthemselvesundervaluedandunder-used,workinginindustrialghettos,thatisnotapromisingauguryforthefuture.Itseemswehavetoresolvethesemisapprehensionsbetweenscienceandindustry.Aboveall,wehavetomakesurethatmanagementisnotitselfsmugaboutitsstatusandthatitdoesnotissuemissionstatementsaboutcommunicationwithoutrealizingattheessenceofitisadialogue.Moreempowermentisrequiredandweshouldstrivetoachieveit.

16.Whatisthewriter’sviewinthereadingpassage?

17.Accordingtothepassage,employers____.

18.Accordingtothepassage____.

19.Inthewriter’sopinion____.

20.Whichoftheinformationistrueaccordingtothepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.HebelievesthattherearetoomanyMBAs.

B.Hebelievesthatthedegreeisover-valued.

C.Hebelievesthatstandardsareinconsistent.

D.Hebelievesthatthedegreehasdubiousvalue.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.feelthattheyhavenotbeenconsultedsufficientlyabouttheirneeds

B.considerthatcost-consciousnessisthemostimportantqualification

C.aremoreconcernedaboutthevalueofthedegreethangraduatesthemselves

D.feelthatMBAswillnotbenecessarybecauseofshrinkingmanagementstructures

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.managersneedadegreeandtheabilitytocommunicate

B.trainingneedtobedoneingroupstobesuccessful

C.managerstodaymusthavegoodcommunicationandleadershipskills

D.industrialmanagersdonotneedtowriteletters

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.scienceincreasescompetition

B.scientistsareundervalued

C.themanagementofscienceneedsreassessment

D.managementfeelssmugaboutitsstatus

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Mostmanagersinterviewedfeltthattheircolleaguesneededmoretraining.

B.Employerstodayarelookingforprovenexperienceratherthanpotentialability.

C.TheManagementCharterInitiativeisanattempttostandardizeMBAs.

D.CompanieswouldhavebenefitedmorefromrecruitingMBAsratherthaninvestingintheirownstaff.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】16.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whatisthewriter’sviewinthereadingpassage?本文中作者的觀點(diǎn)是什么？

A.HebelievesthattherearetoomanyMBAs.A.他認(rèn)為，MBA學(xué)生太多了。

B.Hebelievesthatthedegreeisover-valued.B.他認(rèn)為這個(gè)學(xué)位被高估了。

C.Hebelievesthatstandardsareinconsistent.C.他認(rèn)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是不一致的。

D.Hebelievesthatthedegreehasdubiousvalue.D.他認(rèn)為這個(gè)學(xué)位的價(jià)值值得懷疑。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】本題詢問(wèn)的是作者的觀點(diǎn)。原文第3段第2句提到“對(duì)于該程度應(yīng)包含什么內(nèi)容，各方意見(jiàn)不一（nounanimity）；也沒(méi)有公認(rèn)的認(rèn)證體系（noagreedsystem）”，由此可知，C選項(xiàng)“他認(rèn)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不一致”表述正確，是作者的觀點(diǎn)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“他認(rèn)為，MBA學(xué)生太多了”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“他認(rèn)為這個(gè)學(xué)位被高估了”，可定位到原文的1段最后一句，該句說(shuō)到“如今，人們對(duì)這個(gè)學(xué)位的價(jià)值產(chǎn)生了很多懷疑，尤其是在MBA畢業(yè)生中（notleastamongMBAgraduatesthemselves）?！庇纱丝傻?，這是別人的觀點(diǎn)，而非作者的觀點(diǎn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“他認(rèn)為這個(gè)學(xué)位的價(jià)值值得懷疑”，同B選項(xiàng)，對(duì)該學(xué)位價(jià)值的懷疑是別人的觀點(diǎn)，而非作者的觀點(diǎn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴。

17.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,employers____.根據(jù)文章，雇主____。

A.feelthattheyhavenotbeenconsultedsufficientlyabouttheirneedsA.覺(jué)得他們的需求沒(méi)有得到充分的咨詢

B.considerthatcost-consciousnessisthemostimportantqualificationB.認(rèn)為成本意識(shí)是最重要的資格

C.aremoreconcernedaboutthevalueofthedegreethangraduatesthemselvesC.比畢業(yè)生本身更關(guān)心學(xué)位的價(jià)值

D.feelthatMBAswillnotbenecessarybecauseofshrinkingmanagementstructuresD.認(rèn)為由于管理結(jié)構(gòu)的萎縮，MBA學(xué)生將不再是必要的

【考查點(diǎn)】判斷推理題。

【解題思路】本題要求選出雇主的觀點(diǎn)。D選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為由于管理結(jié)構(gòu)的萎縮，MBA學(xué)生將不再是必要的”，可定位到原文第1段最后一句，該句提到“面臨管理結(jié)構(gòu)萎縮的前景，MBA畢業(yè)生們對(duì)該學(xué)位的價(jià)值產(chǎn)生了懷疑”，由此可知，管理結(jié)構(gòu)萎縮，讓MBA學(xué)位的價(jià)值縮水。另外，原文第5段第2句提到，“申請(qǐng)商學(xué)院的人會(huì)下降（fallinapplicationsforbusinessschoolplaces），也會(huì)對(duì)MBA產(chǎn)生懷疑（thedoubtaboutMBAs）”，由此推斷，雇主們不認(rèn)為一定要招MBA的學(xué)生，D選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為由于管理結(jié)構(gòu)的萎縮，MBA學(xué)生將不再是必要的”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“覺(jué)得他們的需求沒(méi)有得到充分的咨詢”，可定位到第2段最后一句，該句提到“學(xué)術(shù)界沒(méi)有充分認(rèn)識(shí)到企業(yè)的需要或雇主可能做出的貢獻(xiàn)”，原文并未提到“咨詢”雇主需求的問(wèn)題，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為成本意識(shí)是最重要的資格”，可定位到原文第4段最后一句，該句提到“最重要的是（aboveall），溝通和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力（theabilitytocommunicateandlead）”，由此可知，成本意識(shí)不是最重要的資格，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤；

C選項(xiàng)“比畢業(yè)生本身更關(guān)心學(xué)位的價(jià)值”，可定位到原文的1段最后一句，該句說(shuō)到“如今，人們對(duì)這個(gè)學(xué)位的價(jià)值產(chǎn)生了很多懷疑，尤其是在MBA畢業(yè)生中（notleastamongMBAgraduatesthemselves）?！庇纱丝芍厴I(yè)生最關(guān)心學(xué)位的價(jià)值，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。

18.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage____.根據(jù)文章____。

A.managersneedadegreeandtheabilitytocommunicateA.管理者需要學(xué)位和溝通能力

B.trainingneedtobedoneingroupstobesuccessfulB.訓(xùn)練需要在小組中進(jìn)行才能取得成功

C.managerstodaymusthavegoodcommunicationandleadershipskillsC.今天的管理者必須有良好的溝通和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力

D.industrialmanagersdonotneedtowritelettersD.工業(yè)管理者不需要寫(xiě)信

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】原文第4段最后兩句，此處提到，“培訓(xùn)本身并不能造就成功的管理者（successfulmanagers）。他們需要內(nèi)在的資質(zhì)（theinherentqualifications）”，“最重要的是（aboveall），溝通和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力（theabilitytocommunicateandlead）”，由此可得，C選項(xiàng)“今天的管理者必須有良好的溝通和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“管理者需要學(xué)位和溝通能力”，原文是指溝通能力和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力，學(xué)位不那么重要；

B選項(xiàng)“訓(xùn)練需要在小組中進(jìn)行才能取得成功”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)管理者不需要寫(xiě)信”，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)etters”可定位到第5段第1句，該句提到“一些相對(duì)不太識(shí)字（unlettered）的人，現(xiàn)在被譽(yù)為行業(yè)領(lǐng)袖”，原文指的是“不識(shí)字”，而不是寫(xiě)信，該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念。

19.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inthewriter’sopinion____.作者認(rèn)為_(kāi)___。

A.scienceincreasescompetitionA.科學(xué)增加了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

B.scientistsareundervaluedB.科學(xué)家被低估了

C.themanagementofscienceneedsreassessmentC.科學(xué)的管理需要重新評(píng)估

D.managementfeelssmugaboutitsstatusD.管理層對(duì)自己的地位沾沾自喜

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】A選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)增加了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”，可定位到本文第6段。本段第3句提到“沒(méi)有人懷疑，我們需要更多的科學(xué)家和創(chuàng)新（morescientistsandinnovation），讓我們?cè)诟?jìng)爭(zhēng)日益激烈的（increasinglycompetitive）世界中占據(jù)優(yōu)勢(shì)（giveusanedge）。”由此可知，作者認(rèn)為

科學(xué)有利于在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中占據(jù)優(yōu)勢(shì)，A選項(xiàng)表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家被低估了”，可定位到原文第6段。本段第4句提到“如果科學(xué)家們覺(jué)得自己被低估（Ifscientistsfeelthemselvesundervalued）……”，由此可知，這只是作者的假設(shè)，并不是作者的觀點(diǎn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推理；

C選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)的管理需要重新評(píng)估”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“管理層對(duì)自己的地位沾沾自喜”，可定位到原文第6段。本段倒數(shù)第2句提到“最重要的是，我們必須確保管理層本身不會(huì)對(duì)自己的地位沾沾自喜（managementisnotitselfsmugaboutitsstatus）”，因此，選項(xiàng)表述并非作者觀點(diǎn)。

20.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whichoftheinformationistrueaccordingtothepassage?根據(jù)文章，哪些信息是正確的？

A.Mostmanagersinterviewedfeltthattheircolleaguesneededmoretraining.A.大多數(shù)接受采訪的管理人員認(rèn)為，他們的同事需要更多的培訓(xùn)。

B.Employerstodayarelookingforprovenexperienceratherthanpotentialability.B.現(xiàn)在的雇主更看重的是經(jīng)驗(yàn)而不是潛在的能力。

C.TheManagementCharterInitiativeisanattempttostandardizeMBAs.C.管理憲章倡議是對(duì)MBA課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的一次嘗試。

D.CompanieswouldhavebenefitedmorefromrecruitingMBAsratherthaninvestingintheirownstaff.D.企業(yè)本可以從招聘MBA學(xué)生而不是投資于自己的員工中獲益更多。

【考查點(diǎn)】判斷推理題。

【解題思路】原文第2段提到“幾年前被視為成功入場(chǎng)券的東西，如今正受到注重成本的雇主的審視，這些雇主尋求的是‘能做的’而不是‘可能做的’（seek‘can-dos’ratherthan‘might-dos’）”，由此推斷，雇主們更看重有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人（can-dos），而不是有潛力的人（might-dos），B選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在的雇主更看重的是經(jīng)驗(yàn)而不是潛在的能力”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)接受采訪的管理人員認(rèn)為，他們的同事需要更多的培訓(xùn)”，可定位到原文第4段第2句，該句提到“管理學(xué)院1992年的調(diào)查顯示，81%的管理人員認(rèn)為，如果他們接受更多的培訓(xùn)（iftheyreceived-moretraining），他們個(gè)人就會(huì)更有效率（theypersonallywouldbemoreeffective）。”由此可知，接受采訪的人認(rèn)為自己需要培訓(xùn)，而沒(méi)有說(shuō)他們的同事，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“管理憲章倡議是對(duì)MBA課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的一次嘗試”，可定位到原文第5段最后一句，該句提到“如果正在探索引進(jìn)高級(jí)管理人員資格（theintroductionofaseniormanagementqualification）的管理憲章計(jì)劃（theManagementCharterInitiative）獲得成功?！庇纱丝芍撚?jì)劃的目的是“探索引進(jìn)高級(jí)管理人員資格”，而不是“MBA課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化”，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)本可以從招聘MBA學(xué)生而不是投資于自己的員工中獲益更多”，可定位到原文第4段第1句，該句提到“或許，進(jìn)行大規(guī)模投資的公司更明智的做法（wouldhavebeenwiser）是投資于已經(jīng)存在的、焦慮地坐在自己內(nèi)部階梯上的管理人員（investinalreadyexistingmanagers）?！庇纱丝芍髽I(yè)投資自己的員工更明智，即獲益更多，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于本末倒置。

3.單選題

Hehadafallandhavea（）fractureinabone.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hairgrip

B.hairpiece

C.hairline

D.hairstyle

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)hairgrip“發(fā)夾”；B選項(xiàng)hairpiece“假發(fā)”；C選項(xiàng)hairline“發(fā)際線，極細(xì)的線，細(xì)縫”；D選項(xiàng)hairstyle“發(fā)型”。hairlinefracture是一醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)，“骨裂”，即一種如頭發(fā)般的單處骨折裂痕。句意：他摔了一跤，骨裂了。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Europeanofficials,though,havealreadywarnedtheywillretaliatebyboostingtariffsonUSgoods,（）arowthathaslastedsixyearsand（）agreementintheGATTinternationaltradetalksinvolving108countries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.escalating...blocking

B.toescalate...toblock

C.escalating...blocked

D.escalated...blocking

【答案】A

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)題目的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知兩個(gè)空格中均填入-ing分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表伴隨。escalating“逐步上升”；blocking“阻礙”。句意：不過(guò)，歐洲官員已警告稱(chēng)，他們將提高對(duì)美國(guó)商品的關(guān)稅作為報(bào)復(fù)，使持續(xù)6年的爭(zhēng)端不斷升級(jí)，并阻礙了有關(guān)于108個(gè)國(guó)家的關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定國(guó)際貿(mào)易談判達(dá)成協(xié)議。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

Intoday’smedical,littleagreementexistsonthe______fordefiningmentalillness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.legislation

B.requirement

C.criteria

D.measures

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.legislation立法，法律B.requirement要求，必要條件

C.criteria判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)D.measures措施，方法

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】由definingmentalillness（定義精神疾?。┖蚢greement（意見(jiàn)）可知，“判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”符合句子意思。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)都不符合句意。

【句意】在今天的醫(yī)學(xué)中，關(guān)于定義精神疾病的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)幾乎沒(méi)有一致的意見(jiàn)。

6.單選題

In1914,anapparentlyinsignificanteventinaremotepartofEasternEurope（

）Europeintoagreatwar.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.imposed

B.pitched

C.inserted

D.plunged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。impose強(qiáng)加，征稅；pitch投擲，傾斜；insert插入；plunge跳入，使陷入。句意：1914年，東歐一件明顯微不足道的小事讓整個(gè)歐洲陷入一場(chǎng)大戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中。由insignificantevent與agreatwar可知兩者存在聯(lián)系，即小事件引起大戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，D項(xiàng)符合題意。答案D

7.單選題

Theywereforcedto（）onnecessitiesinordertomaketheirlimitedsupplieslastthelongishwinter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.skimp

B.exhaust

C.stingy

D.count

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)skimp“克扣，對(duì)……不夠用心”；B選項(xiàng)exhaust“使精疲力盡，耗盡，徹底探討”；C選項(xiàng)stingy“吝嗇的，小氣的，有刺的”；D選項(xiàng)count“總數(shù)，數(shù)數(shù)”。句意：他們被迫在生活必需品上_____，以使有限的物資能夠度過(guò)漫長(zhǎng)的冬天。根據(jù)后文說(shuō)“有限的物資”，可以看出他們的物資缺乏，因此是“被迫在必需品上錙銖必較”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Theguides（

）thetouriststogetheratthehotelgate.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.accumulated

B.collected

C.assembled

D.resembled

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。accumulate“積累;累積”:collect“收集”;assemble“聚集；集合”；resemble“類(lèi)似，像”。根據(jù)后文“togetheratthehotelgate”可知是在門(mén)口集合，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。句意：這些導(dǎo)游讓游客在酒店門(mén)口集合。

9.單選題

Severalloudspeakersare（）fromtheceilingandwecanhearthespeakerveryclearly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.connected

B.winded

C.associated

D.suspended

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)辨析。connect“連接”；wind“纏繞”；associate“聯(lián)系”；suspend“延緩，推遲，使懸浮”。句意：天花板上（）一些擴(kuò)音器，我們可以很清楚地聽(tīng)到演講者說(shuō)話。擴(kuò)音器一般是懸浮在天花板上，故D項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

LastThursday,theFrenchSenatepassedadigitalservicestax,whichwouldimposeanentirelynewtaxonlargemultinationalsthatprovidedigitalservicestoconsumersorusersinFrance.Digitalservicesincludeeverythingfromprovidingaplatformforsellinggoodsandservicesonlinetotargetingadvertisingbasedonuserdata,andthetaxappliestogrossrevenuefromsuchservices.ManyFrenchpoliticiansandmediaoutletshavereferredtothisasa"GAFAtax,"meaningthatitisdesignedtoapplyprimarilytocompaniessuchasGoogle,Apple,FacebookandAmazon—inotherwords,multinationaltechcompaniesbasedintheUnitedStates.

ThedigitalservicestaxnowawaitsthesignatureofPresidentEmmanuelMacron,whohasexpressedsupportforthemeasure,anditcouldgointoeffectwithinthenextfewweeks.Butithasalreadysparkedsignificantcontroversy,withtheUniteSatestraderepresentativeopeninganinvestigationintowhetherthetaxdiscriminatesagainstAmericancompanies,whichinturncouldleadtotradesanctionsagainstFrance.

TheFrenchtaxisnotjustaunilateralmovebyonecountryinneedofrevenue.Instead,thedigitalservicestaxispartofamuchlargertrend,withcountriesoverthepastfewyearsproposingorputtinginplaceanalphabetsoupofnewinternationaltaxprovisions.ThesehaveincludedBritain'sDPT(divertedprofitstax),Australia'sMAAL(multinationalanti-avoidancelaw),andIndia'sSEP(significanteconomicpresence)test,tonamebutafew.Atthesametime,theEuropeanUnion,Spain,Britainandseveralothercountrieshaveallseriouslycontemplateddigitalservicestaxes.

Theseunilateraldevelopmentsdifferintheirspecifics,buttheyarealldesignedtotaxmultinationalsonincomeandrevenuethatcountriesbelievetheyshouldhavearighttotax,evenifinternationaltaxrulesdonotgrantthemthatright.Inotherwords,theyallshareaviewthattheinternationaltaxsystemhasfailedtokeepupwiththecurrenteconomy.

Inresponsetothesemanyunilateralmeasures,theOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)iscurrentlyworkingwith131countriestoreachaconsensusbytheendof2020onaninternationalsolution.BothFranceandtheUnitedStatesareinvolvedintheorganization'swork,butFrance'sdigitalservicestaxandtheAmericanresponseraisequestionsaboutwhatthefutureholdsfortheinternationaltaxsystem.

France'splannedtaxisaclearwarning:Unlessabroadconsensuscanbereachedonreformingtheinternationaltaxsystem,othernationsarelikelytofollowsuit,andAmericancompanieswillfaceacascadeofdifferenttaxesfromdozensofnationsthatwillproveburdensomeandcostly.

1.TheFrenchSenatehaspassedabillto（

）.

2.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2thatthedigitalservicestax（

）.

3.Thecountriesadoptingtheunilateralmeasuressharetheopinionthat（

）.

4.ItcanbelearnedfromPara5thattheOECO'scurrentwork（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthistext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.regulatedigitalservicesplatforms

B.protectFrenchcompanies'interests

C.imposealevyontechmultinationals

D.curbtheinfluenceofadvertising

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.maytriggercountermeasuresagainstFrance

B.isapttoarousecriticismathomeandabroad

C.aimstoeaseinternationaltradetensions

D.willpromptthetechgiantstoquitFrance

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.redistributionoftechgiants'revenuemustbeensured

B.thecurrentinternationaltaxsystemneedsupgrading

C.techmultinationals'monopolyshouldbeprevented

D.allcountriesoughttoenjoyequaltaxingrights

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.isbeingresistedbyUScompanies

B.needstobereadjustedimmediately

C.isfacedwithuncertainprospects

D.needstoininvolvemorecountries

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.FranceIsConfrontedwithTradeSanctions

B.FranceleadsthechargeonDigitalTax

C.FranceSays"NO"toTechMultinationals

D.FranceDemandsaRoleintheDigitalEconomy

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干直接定位到第一段第一句話adigitalservicestax,whichwouldimposeanentirelynewtaxonlargemultinationalsthatprovidedigitalservices...選項(xiàng)C中的“l(fā)evy”和“tax”同義復(fù)現(xiàn)；“techmultinationals”和“digitalservices”同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。因此C為正確答案，其余選項(xiàng)均未體現(xiàn)。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段，第二段第二句話：這已經(jīng)引起了巨大的反抗，反過(guò)來(lái)也會(huì)導(dǎo)致針對(duì)法國(guó)的貿(mào)易制裁，和選項(xiàng)A相一致，其中選項(xiàng)中的“trigger”和原文的“l(fā)eadto”同義復(fù)現(xiàn)，“sanction”和“countermeasure”同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。其余選項(xiàng)均未體現(xiàn)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段最后一句話：他們都認(rèn)為國(guó)際稅收體系并未跟上當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)。選項(xiàng)B“目前的國(guó)際稅收體系需要升級(jí)”是該句話的反義復(fù)現(xiàn)。其余選項(xiàng)均為體現(xiàn)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第五段最后一句話：對(duì)于國(guó)際稅收體系的未來(lái)充滿疑慮和選項(xiàng)C相一致。其中選項(xiàng)中的“uncertain”和原文中的“raisequestions”同義復(fù)現(xiàn)，“prospects”和原文中的“future”同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。

5.主旨題。題干中的title為標(biāo)題題的信息，所以此題考查的是文章的主旨大意。B選項(xiàng)里的tax是貫穿全文的主旨詞；而文章以法國(guó)對(duì)數(shù)字服務(wù)征稅為起點(diǎn)，全文描寫(xiě)了包括法國(guó)在內(nèi)的其他國(guó)家對(duì)全球稅收系統(tǒng)的擔(dān)憂，因此選項(xiàng)B和文章的主旨相符合。剩余選項(xiàng)均未能體現(xiàn)文章關(guān)鍵詞和全文主旨。

11.問(wèn)答題

TheUSadministrationhasswitchedhesitancyforpopulisminproposingsizeandactivitylimitsonAmerica'slargestbanks.Whiledetailsarestillmissing,possiblybecausenoonereallyknowshowtoimplementsizelimitsorcurbsonproprietarytrading,theintentisclear—bankersmustpay.Itishardtohavemuchsympathyforthebankers,whohavebroughtthepublic'sireonthemselvesthroughincompetenceandthenthroughanoutrageoushastetopaythemselves.Yetoutrageisapoorguidetopublicpolicy.Beyondbeingpunitive,willtheadministration'sproposalshelpreducefinancialsystemrisk?

Considersizelimitfirst.Theideaistoensureinstitutionsarenolongertoobigtofail.Buthowtodefinesize?Whetheryouuseassets,capitalorprofitstherewillbeproblems—bankswilltrytoeconomizeonwhatevermeasureislimited.Crudeassetsizelimits,forexample,wouldprobablyensurealotoffinancialactivityishiddenfromtheregulator,onlytocomebacktolight(andtobalancesheets)attheworstoftimes.Therearemanylegalwaystomasksize.Bankscanofferguaranteestoassetsplacedinoff-balancesheetvehicles,muchliketheconduitsoftherecentcrisis.If,instead,capitalisthemeasure,thenwewillbepushingbankstoeconomizeonitasmuchaspossible,hardlyarecipeforsafety.Andifitisprofits,wewillbeinvitinghealthybankstoparkprofitselsewhere,whilerewardingsicklyonesbyallowingthemtoexpandindefinitely.

Evenifwedosettleonadefinition,itisnotclearthatbeinglargeisnecessaryorsufficientforanentitytobeasystemicrisk.BearStemswouldnotbe"large"bymostcalculations,thoughitwasconsideredconnectedenoughtobesaved.ButVanguard,themutualfundgroup,managesmorethan$l,000bninassetsandwouldprobablynotqualifyassystemic.Notalllargefinancialentitiesareequallytroubling;wouldweincludethemutualfundsoperatedbyabankinitssize?

Also,beingbighasitsvirtues.Somelargerbanksarebetteratdiversifyingandattractingmanagerialtalent(includingriskmanagers).Whileapoorlymanaged$2,000bnbankcreatesimmenseproblemsforthesystem,theproblemscouldbeevengreaterwith100banksof$20bninsize,eachofwhichhastakensimilarrisks.Whatisimportantisnotsizepersebuttheconcentrationandcorrectionofriskinthesystemaswellasthesizeofexposurerelativetocapital.

Insteadofimposingablanketbanoninstitutionsgrowingbeyondacertainsize,regulatorsshouldusemoresubtlemechanismssuchasprohibitingmergersoflargebanksorencouragingthebreak-upoflargebanksthatseemtohaveapropensityforgettingintotrouble.Whiletherearealwaysconcernsaboutwhetherregulatorswillusethesesortsofpowersarbitrarily,theyarenomoredifficultforlegislatorsandcourtstooverseethanarepowersbasedonanti-competitiveconsiderations.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.HowdoesthepublicthinkofbigbanksintheUS?Why?

3.Whatisthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?

4.WhatdoestheexampleofBearStemsshow?

5.Whatdoesthephrase"largebanksthatseemtohaveapropensityforgettingintotrouble"meaninthelastparagraph?

【答案】1.ImplementingsizelimitsonAmerica’slargestbanksisnotthepropersolutiontofinancialrisk.

2.Itishardtohavemuchsympathyforthebankers,becausetheyhavebroughtthepublic'sireonthemselvesthroughincompetenceandthenthroughanoutrageoushastetopaythemselves.

3.Itisnotclearthatbeinglargeisnecessaryorsufficientforanentitytobeasystemicrisk.

4.Crudeassetsizelimits,forexample,wouldprobablyensurealotoffinancialactivityishiddenfromtheregulator,onlytocomebacktolight(andtobalancesheets)attheworstoftimes,becausetherearemanylegalwaystomasksize.

5.Largebanksaremorelikelytogetintotroubleovertheirassetsmanagement.

12.單選題

Wearemeanttolivedangerouslyandshouldnotbesheltered.Lifeisaperilousadventure;itsrichnessisinits（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hazards

B.security

C.peace

D.length

【答案】A

【解析】句意:人生來(lái)就是要去冒險(xiǎn)的,而不應(yīng)該生活在庇護(hù)之下;生命就是一場(chǎng)危機(jī)四伏的冒險(xiǎn),它的豐富多彩就在于它的危險(xiǎn)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

13.單選題

Healwaystakesprideinhiswork.Heisvery______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.humble

B.devoted

C.respective

D.formal

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)humble“謙遜的，虛心的”；B選項(xiàng)devoted“忠誠(chéng)的，全心全意的”；C選項(xiàng)respective“分別的，各自的”；D選項(xiàng)formal“適合正式場(chǎng)合的；正規(guī)的”。句意：他總是為自己的工作感到自豪。他非常______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是他很投入于自己的工作，為自己的工作感到自豪，B選項(xiàng)devoted“忠誠(chéng)的，全心全意的”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Thefillingstation（）becausethereweretoomanyothersonthestreet.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wentunder

B.wentthrough

C.fellout

D.fellthrough

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)gounder“破產(chǎn)，屈服”；B選項(xiàng)gothrough“參加，經(jīng)受，仔細(xì)檢查，通過(guò)”；C選項(xiàng)fellout“爭(zhēng)吵”；D選項(xiàng)fellthrough“未能實(shí)現(xiàn)”。句意：這個(gè)加油站破產(chǎn)了，因?yàn)榻稚线€有很多其他的加油站。選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

15.單選題

DespiteDenmark'smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes.ThiswouldsoundweirdinDanish.WhenDanestalktoforeignersaboutDenmark,theyalwaysbeginbycommentingonitstininess,itsunimportance,thedifficultyofitslanguage,thegeneralsmall-mindednessandselfindulgenceoftheircountrymenandthehightaxes.NoDanewouldlookyouintheeyeandsay’’Denmarkisagreatcountry."You’resupposedtofigurethisoutofyourself.

Itisthelandofthesilksafetynet,wherealmosthalfthenationalbudgetgoestowardsmoothingoutlife’sinequalities,andthereisplentyofmoneyforschools,daycare,retrainingprograms,jobseminars—Danesloveseminars:threedaysatastudycenterhearingaboutwastemanagementisalmostasgoodasaskitrip.ItisaculturebombardedbyEnglish,inadvertising,popmusic,theInternet,anddespitealltheEnglishthatDanishabsorbs―thereisnoDanishAcademytodefendagainstit—olddialectspersistinJutlandthatcanbarelybeunderstoodbyCopenhageners.Itisthelandwhere,asthesayinggoes,"Fewhavetoomuchandfewerhavetoolittle,"andaforeignerisstruckbythesweetegalitarianismthatprevails,wherethelowliestclerkgivesyoualevelgaze,whereSirandMadamhavedisappearedfromcommonusage,evenMr.andMrs.It’sanationofrecycles-about55%ofDanishgarbagegetsmadeintosomethingnew―andnonuclearpowerplants.It’sanationoftirelessplanners.Trainsrunontime.Thingsoperatewellingeneral.

Suchanationofoverachievers~abrochurefromtheMinistryofBusinessandIndustrysays,"Denmarkisoneoftheworld’scleanestandmostorganizedcountries,withvirtuallynopollution,crime,orpoverty.Denmarkisthemostcorruption-freesocietyintheNorthernHemisphere."So,ofcourse,one'sheartliftsatanysightingofDanishsleaze:skinheadgraffitionbuildings("ForeignersOutofDenmark!")，brokenbeerbottlesinthegutters,drunkenteenagersslumpedinthepark.

Nonetheless,itisanorderlyland.YoudrivethroughaDanishtown,itcomestoanendatastonewall,andontheothersideisafieldofbarley,anicecleanline:townhere,countrythere.Itisnotanationofjaywalkers.Peoplestandonthecurbandwaitfortheredlighttochange,evenifit’s2a.m.andthere’snotacarinsight.However,Danesdon'tthinkofthemselvesasawaiting-at-a-a.m.-for-the-green-lightpeople—that’showtheyseeSwedesandGermans.Danesseethemselvesasjazzypeople,improvisers,morefreespiritedthanSwedes,butthetruthis(thoughoneshouldnotsayit)thatDanesareverymuchlikeGermansandSwedes.Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint.Denmarkhasfewnaturalresources，limitedmanufacturingcapability;itsfutureinEuropewillbeasabroker,banker,anddistributorofgoods.YousendyourgoodsbycontainershiptoCopenhagen,andthesebright,young,English-speaking,utterlyhonest,highlydisciplinedpeoplewillgetyourgoodsaroundtoScandinavia,theBalticStates,andRussia.Airports,seaports,highways,andraillinesareultramodernandwell-maintained.

Theorderlinessofthesocietydoesn’tmeanthatDanishlivesarelessmessyorlonelythanyoursormines,andnoDanewouldtellyouso.Youcanhearplentyaboutbitterfamilyfeudsandthesorrowsofalcoholismandaboutperfectlysensiblepeoplewhowentoffonedayandkilledthemselves.Anorderlysocietycannotexemptitsmembersfromthehazardsoflife.

ButthereisasenseofentitlementandsecuritythatDanesgrowupwith.Certainthingsareyoursbyvirtueofcitizenship,andyoushouldn’tfeelbadfortakingwhatyou'reentitledto,you'reasgoodasanyoneelse.Therulesofthewelfaresystemarecleartoeveryone,thebenefitsyougetifyouloseyourjob,thestepsyoutaketogetanewone;andtheorderlinessofthesystemmakesitpossibleforthecountrytowhetherhighunemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis.

1.TheauthorthinksthatDanesadoptaattitudetowardstheircountry（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaDanishcharacteristiccitedinthepassage?

3.Theauthor'sreactiontothestatementbytheMinistryofBusinessandIndustryis（

）

4.Accordingtothepassage,Danishorderliness（

）.

5.AttheendofthepassagetheauthorstatesallthefollowingEXCEPTthat（

）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.boastful

B.modest

C.deprecating

D.mysterious

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Fondnessofforeign.

B.Equalityinsociety.

C.Linguistictolerance.

D.Persistentplanning.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.disapproving

B.approving

C.noncommittal

D.doubtful

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.setsthepeopleapartfromGermanandSwedes

B.sparesDanessocialtroublesbesettingotherpeople

C.isconsideredeconomicallyessentialtothecountry

D.preventsDanesfromacknowledgingexistingtroubles

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Danesareclearlyinformedoftheirsocialbenefits

B.Danestakeforgrantedwhatisgiventothem

C.th