考研考博-英語-安徽中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Wecan’tunderstandUncleGeorge,forhealways（

）whateverhesays.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.masters

B.mumbles

C.molests

D.muzzles

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。master“控制；精通；征服”；mumble“含糊地說”；molest“騷擾，調(diào)戲；干擾”；muzzle“使······緘默”。句意：我們不能理解喬治叔叔說了什么，因?yàn)樗偸呛卣f。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

Amplifierssuchasthoseincomputersandsoundreproducingsystemsareresponsiblefor______anerraticinputsignal.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.strengthening

B.tostrengthen

C.strengthen

D.beingstrengthened

【答案】A

【解析】考查介詞賓語。介詞for后應(yīng)接名詞性成份。A是動名詞，可作介詞賓語。D是其被動形式，與句意不合；C、D為動詞形式。句意：計(jì)算機(jī)和音響系統(tǒng)中的放大器是用來強(qiáng)化輸入的不穩(wěn)定信號。因此只有A項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Weare（）totheidea,butwedoubtwhetherthetimeisripetoputitintoforce.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.equal

B.adequate

C.considerate

D.sympathetic

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。beequalto等于，相當(dāng)于；beadequateto勝任，適合；beconsiderateto對……體貼；besympatheticto贊成。句意：我們贊同這一想法，但我們懷疑實(shí)施這一想法的時(shí)機(jī)是否成熟。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

4.單選題

The（）ofolderpersonsisrelativelylowindevelopingcountries,butitisgrowingmuchfasterthanintheWest.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.addition

B.majority

C.percentage

D.statistic

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)addition“添加，增加物”；B選項(xiàng)majority“多數(shù)，成年”；C選項(xiàng)percentage“百分比”；D選項(xiàng)statistic“統(tǒng)計(jì)資料，統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)”。句意：發(fā)展中國家的老年人（）相對較低，但其增長速度卻比西方國家快得多。這里要表達(dá)的是“老年人的比例相對較低”這個(gè)意思，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Priortothe20thcentury,manylanguageswithsmallnumbersofspeakerssurvivedforcenturies.Theincreasinglyinterconnectedmodernworldmakesitmuchmoredifficultforsmalllanguagecommunitiestoliveinrelativeisolation,whichisakeyfactorinlanguagemaintenanceandpreservation.

Itremainstobeseenwhethertheworldcanmaintainitslinguisticandculturaldiversityinthecenturiesahead.Manypowerfulforcesappeartoworkagainstit:populationgrowth,whichpushesmigrantpopulationsintotheworld’slastisolatedlocations;masstourism;globaltele-communicationsandmassmedia;andthespreadofgiganticglobalcorporations.Alloftheseforcesappeartosignifyafutureinwhichthelanguageofadvertising,popularculture,andconsumerproductsbecomesimilar.AlreadyEnglishandafewothermajortongueshaveemergedasgloballanguagesofcommerceandcommunication.Formanyoftheworld’speoples,learningoneoftheselanguagesisviewedasthekeytoeducation,economicopportunity,andabetterwayoflife.

Onlyabout3,000languagesnowinuseareexpectedtosurvivethecomingcentury.Aremostoftherestdoomedinthecenturyafterthat?

Whethermostoftheselanguagessurvivewillprobablydependonhowstronglyculturalgroupswishtokeeptheiridentityalivethroughanativelanguage.Todosowillrequireanemphasisonbilingualism(masteryoftwolanguages).Bilingualspeakerscouldusetheirownlanguageinsmallerspheres--athome,amongfriends,incommunitysettings--andagloballanguageatwork,indealingswithgovernment,andincommercialspheres.Inthisway,manysmalllanguagescouldsustaintheirculturalandlinguisticintegrityalongsidegloballanguages,ratherthanyieldtothehomogenizingforcesofglobalization.

Ironically,thetrendoftechnologicalinnovationthathasthreatenedminoritylanguagescouldalsohelpsavethem.Forexample,someexpertspredictthatcomputersoftwaretranslationtoolswillonedaypermitminoritylanguagespeakerstobrowsetheInternetusingtheirnativetongues.Linguistsarecurrentlyusingcomputer-aidedlearningtoolstoteachavarietyofthreatenedlanguages.

Formanyendangeredlanguages,thelinebetweenrevivalanddeathisextremelythin.Languageisremarkablyresilient,however.Itisnotjustatoolforcommunicating,butalsoapowerfulwayofseparatingdifferentgroups,orofdemonstratinggroupidentity.Manyindigenouscommunitieshaveshownthatitispossibletoliveinthemodernworldwhilereclaimingtheiruniqueidentitiesthroughlanguage.

6.Minoritylanguagescanbebestpreservedin（）.

7.AccordingtoParagraph2,thattheworldcanmaintainitslinguisticdiversityinthefutureis（）.

8.Accordingtotheauthorbilingualismcanhelp（）.

9.Computertechnologyishelpfulforpreservingminoritylanguagesinthatit（）.

10.Intheauthor’sview,manyendangeredlanguagesare（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anincreasinglyinterconnectedworld

B.maintainingsmallnumbersofspeakers

C.relativelyisolatedlanguagecommunities

D.followingthetraditionofthe20hcentury

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.uncertain

B.unrealistic

C.foreseeable

D.definite

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.smalllanguagesbecomeacceptableinworkplaces

B.homogenizetheworld’slanguagesandcultures

C.globallanguagesreachhomeandsmallcommunities

D.speakersmaintaintheirlinguisticandculturalidentity

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.makeslearningagloballanguageunnecessary

B.facilitatesthelearningandusingofthoselanguages

C.raisepublicawarenessofsavingthoselanguages

D.makesiteasierforlinguiststostudythoselanguages

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.remarkablywell-keptinthismodernworld

B.exceptionallypowerfultoolsofcommunication

C.quitepossibletoberevivedinsteadofdyingout

D.auniquewayofbringingdifferentgroupstogether

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】6.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第一段Priortothe20thcentury,manylanguageswithsmallnumbersof...whichisakeyfactorinlanguagemaintenanceandpreservation.（在20世紀(jì)之前，許多少數(shù)人使用的語言存活了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)。現(xiàn)代世界的相互聯(lián)系日益緊密，使得小型語言社區(qū)很難相對孤立地生活，這是語言維護(hù)和保存的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素。）由此可判斷少數(shù)民族語言在相對孤立的語言群中保存最好，因此C選項(xiàng)“相對孤立的語言群體”正確。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)聯(lián)系日益緊密的世界”；B選項(xiàng)“保持少量的發(fā)言者”以及D選項(xiàng)“遵循20世紀(jì)的傳統(tǒng)”都不是文章的觀點(diǎn)。

7.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段第一句Itremainstobeseenwhethertheworldcanmaintainitslinguisticandculturaldiversityinthecenturiesahead.（在未來幾個(gè)世紀(jì)，世界是否能繼續(xù)維持其語言學(xué)和文化的多樣性還有待觀之。）作者然后用若干事例說明了這一看法，因此A選項(xiàng)“不確定的”正確。B選項(xiàng)“不現(xiàn)實(shí)的”；C選項(xiàng)“可預(yù)見的”以及D選項(xiàng)“確定的”都不符合原文。

8.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段的第三、四句Bilingualspeakerscouldusetheirownlanguageinsmallerspheres...ratherthanyieldtothehomogenizingforcesofglobalization.（雙語者可以在更小的范圍內(nèi)使用母語——在家里，在朋友之間，在社區(qū)環(huán)境中——在工作中，在與政府打交道時(shí)，以及在商業(yè)領(lǐng)域中使用一種全球語言。通過這種方式，許多小語種可以與全球語言一起保持其文化和語言的完整性，而不是屈服于全球化的同質(zhì)化力量。）由此可見，雙語現(xiàn)象是有助于講雙語者保持他們語言和文化的特性的，因此D選項(xiàng)“（幫助）講雙語者保持他們的語言和文化的特性”正確。A選項(xiàng)“小語言在工作場所變得可以接受”，目前還沒有；B選項(xiàng)“使世界語言和文化同質(zhì)化”過度推斷；C選項(xiàng)“全球語言到達(dá)家庭和小社區(qū)”，無關(guān)項(xiàng)。

9.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第五段的第二句Forexample,someexpertspredictthatcomputersoftwaretranslationtoolswillonedaypermitminoritylanguagespeakerstobrowsetheInternetusingtheirnativetongues．（舉例來說，一些專家預(yù)測，計(jì)算機(jī)軟件翻譯工具有朝一日將可以讓使用小語種的人用他們的母語瀏覽互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。）由此可推斷，電腦技術(shù)有助于保存小語種語言，使得學(xué)習(xí)和使用這些語言變得更容易，因此B選項(xiàng)“促進(jìn)這些語言的學(xué)習(xí)和使用”正確。A選項(xiàng)“讓學(xué)習(xí)一門全球性的語言變得不必要”，是不正確的，作者一直在強(qiáng)調(diào)小語種使用者要是能夠?qū)W習(xí)一門全球性語言會對保存自己的小語種更有幫助；C選項(xiàng)“提高公眾拯救這些語言的意識”，這不是計(jì)算機(jī)起的的作用；D選項(xiàng)“讓語言學(xué)家更容易學(xué)習(xí)這些語言”，是讓語言學(xué)家教授而不是學(xué)習(xí)。

10.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第六段Formanyendangeredlanguages,thelinebetweenrevivalanddeathisextremelythin.Languageisremarkablyresilient,however.Itisnotjustatoolforcommunicating...possibletoliveinthemodernworldwhilereclaimingtheiruniqueidentitiesthroughlanguage.（對于許多瀕臨滅絕的語言，在復(fù)興和滅亡之間的界限極為細(xì)小。然而，語言是有活力的，它不但是交流的工具，而且是分開不同的群體或顯示不同群體身份的有力方法。許多原生的群落的情況已表明，通過語言他們既可以生活在現(xiàn)代，又能維持其獨(dú)特的身份，這是完全可能的。）由此可見，按作者的看法，很多瀕危的語言很可能得到復(fù)興而不是滅絕，因此C選項(xiàng)“很有可能復(fù)活而不是死亡”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在現(xiàn)代社會，它保存得非常好”，不正確，現(xiàn)在人們是在努力讓它更好的保存下來；B選項(xiàng)“非常強(qiáng)大的通訊工具”，過度推斷；D選項(xiàng)“一種獨(dú)特的方式把不同的群體聚在一起”，不是把不同的群體聚在一起，而是相同的。

6.翻譯題

在西方，啟蒙思想的支撐源于人們對于客觀規(guī)律的認(rèn)知，如哥白尼的“日心說”、牛頓的“萬有引力”、伽利略的“宇宙論”等，認(rèn)為整個(gè)宇宙中的一切物體都遵守同一定律，進(jìn)而沖破千年的宗教束縛，將這一一理性思考引入了人類社會，從而開創(chuàng)了一個(gè)不斷進(jìn)取的新時(shí)代。在中國，幾千年的封建農(nóng)業(yè)社會，使得科技落后、法治傳統(tǒng)缺乏，只是受到近代西方啟蒙思想(包括馬克思主義)的影響，才引入了科學(xué)、民主、法治的概念，開始與世界文明接軌。

【答案】Inthewest,theenlightenmentofthesupportfromthepeoplefortheobjectivelawsofcognition,suchasCopernicus’heliocentrictheory,“gravity”ofNewton,Galileo’s“cosmology”etc,thinkthateverythingintheuniversearesubjecttothesamelaw,toshakeofftheyokeofthereligioninonethousandwillbetheonetothinkrationallytheintroductionofhumansociety,whichopenedaneweraofcontinuousimprovement.InChina,thethousandsofyearsoffeudalagriculturalsocietymadescienceandtechnologybackwardandthetraditionofruleoflawlacking.Itwasonlyundertheinfluenceofmodernwesternenlightenmentthoughts(includingMarxism)thattheconceptsofscience,democracyandruleoflawwereintroducedandbegantoconnectwiththeworldcivilization.

7.單選題

Sheoughttostopwork;shehasaheadachebecauseshe______toolong.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasbeenreading

B.hadread

C.isreading

D.read

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：她應(yīng)該停止工作；她因?yàn)榭磿枚^痛。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動作從某一時(shí)間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能仍然要繼續(xù)下去，或者剛剛終止。根據(jù)前半句她應(yīng)該停止工作可知看書的動作從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能要繼續(xù)下去，確定用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，A選項(xiàng)hasbeenreading符合題意。B選項(xiàng)hadread是過去完成時(shí)，動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，側(cè)重事情的結(jié)果；C選項(xiàng)isreading是正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，動作正在發(fā)生；D選項(xiàng)read是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

They（

）theirhuntingskillsforthelifeofsettledfarmers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.forsook

B.forged

C.sacrificed

D.reserved

【答案】A

【解析】句意:為了過著穩(wěn)定的農(nóng)民生活,他們放棄了狩獵技能。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

9.單選題

Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhatcouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dilemma

B.paradox

C.junction

D.premise

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。dilemma“困境；進(jìn)退兩難”；paradox“悖論”；junction“連接”；premise“前提，假定”。根據(jù)betweendoingwhattheyfelt…andwhatcouldstand…可知家長是在這兩種做法為難，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

Alotofsmallchildrenoften（

）whyairplanecanflylikebirdswhilewehumanscannot.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assure

B.wonder

C.anticipate

D.assume

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。assure意為“向……保證”；wonder意為“想知道，好奇”；anticipate意為“預(yù)料，預(yù)期”；assume意為“假定，認(rèn)為”。

句意：很多小孩經(jīng)常好奇為什么飛機(jī)可以像鳥兒一樣飛行，而我們?nèi)祟惒恍小?/p>

11.單選題

SometimesindrawinganddesigningthesignX（）theunknownnumber.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.facilitates

B.fascinates

C.denotes

D.jots

【答案】C

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。facilitate使容易，推動；fascinate使著迷，使神魂顛倒；denote指示，表

示；jot略記，摘要記錄下來。句意:有時(shí)候,在繪制和設(shè)計(jì)中,X（）未知的數(shù)字。因此,C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

12.單選題

Allowchildrenthespacetovoicetheiropinions

_____

theyaredifferentfromyourown.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.until

B.evenif

C.unless

D.asthough

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“直到”；B項(xiàng)“盡管”；C項(xiàng)“除非”；D項(xiàng)“似乎”；句意：允許孩子有發(fā)言的空間，盡管他們的意見和你自己的有所不同。因此選B。

13.單選題

Theascenttothemountainis（）butanyonewhomakesittothetopisrewardedbyaspectacularview.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.helpful

B.assiduous

C.arduous

D.unique

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。helpful“有幫助的”；assiduous“刻苦的，勤勉的”；arduous“努力的，費(fèi)力的”；unique“特別的”。句意：登到山頂是艱苦的，但任何成功登頂?shù)娜硕紩蕾p到壯觀的景色。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

14.單選題

Inthe19th-century,thereusedtobeamodelofhowtobeagoodperson.Thereareallthesetorrentsofpassionflowingthroughyou.Yourjob,ascaptainofyoursoul,istoerectdamstokeepthesepassionsincheck.Yourjobistojustsaynotolaziness,lust,greed,druguseandtheothersins.

Thesedaysthatmodelisoutoffashion.Youusuallycan’tchangeyourbehaviorbysimplyresolvingtodosomething.Knowingwhattodoisnotthesameasbeingabletodoit.Yourwillpowerisnotlikeadamthatcanblockthetorrentofself-indulgence.It’smorelikeamuscle,whichtireseasily.Moreover,you’reasocialbeing.Ifeverybodyaroundyouisovereating,you’llprobablydoso,too.

The19th-centurycharactermodelwasbasedonanunderstandingoffreewill.Today,weknowthatfreewillisbounded.Peoplecanchangetheirlives,butorderingchangeisnotsimplebecausemanythings,evenwithinourselves,arebeyondourdirectcontrol.Muchofourbehaviour,forexample,isguidedbyunconscioushabits.ResearchersatDukeUniversitycalculatedthatmorethan40percentoftheactionswetakearegovernedbyhabit,notactualdecisions.Researchershavealsocometounderstandthestructureofhabits—cue,routine,reward.

Youcanchangeyourownpersonalhabits.Ifyouleaverunningshortsontheflooratnight,that’llbeacuetogorunninginthemorning.Don’ttrytoignoreyourafternoonsnackcraving.Everytimeyoufeelthecueforasnack,insertanotherroutine.Takeawalk.

Theirresearchthusimpliesadifferentcharactermodel,whichissupposedtomanipulatetheneuralnetworksinside.

Tobeaneffectiveperson,underthismodel,youaresupposedtocoollyexamineyourownunconscioushabits,andthehabitsofthoseunderyourcare.Youaresupposedtodevisestrategiestoalterthecuesandroutines.Everyrelationshipbecomeslightlymanipulative,includingyourrelationshipwithyourself.You’retryingtoarousecertainresponsesbyimplantingcertaincues.

Thisisabitdisturbing,becausetheimportanthabitualneuralnetworksarenotformedbymereroutine,norcantheybereversedbyclevercues.Theyareburnedinbyemotionandstrengthenedbystrongyearnings,liketheyearningsforadmirationandrighteousness.

Ifyouthinkyoucanchangeyourlifeinacleverway,thewayanadvertisercangetyoutobuyanairfreshener,you’reprobablywrong.AstheVictoriansunderstood,ifyouwanttochangeyourlife,don’tjustlookforaclevercue.Committosomelargerglobalbelief.

21.Whichofthefollowingisakeyelementinthe19th-centurycharactermodel?

22.The19th-centurymodelsupposedlydoesnotworkbecause______.

23.WhatisthemainimplicationoftheresearchatDukeUniversity?

24.Accordingtothenewcharactermodel,personalbehaviourcouldbealteredthrough______.

25.Welearnfromthepassagethatthenewcharactermodel______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Passion.

B.Determination.

C.Capability.

D.Action.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ithasworkedunsatisfactorilymostofthetime

B.thecomparisonoffreewilltoadamisgroundless

C.whatonewishestodoshouldbeconsideredcarefully

D.thereweremanyotherfactorsbeyondone’scontrol

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Habitiskeytoone’sbehaviour.

B.One’sbehaviourisdifficulttochange.

C.Bothhabitandwillpowerareimportant.

D.Habithasanunidentifiedstructure.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.cuestomanipulatethehabitualneuralresponses

B.cuestostopalltheformerunconscioushabits

C.techniquestodevisedifferentphysicalcues

D.techniquestosupplementoldroutines

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.hasbeenusedchangebehavioursuccessfully

B.dealsbetterwithemotionalaspectsofbehaviour

C.stressestheneuralandpsychologicalaspectsofhabitchange

D.canbringaboutchangesinone’slifelikewhatadvertisersdo

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】21.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

21.Whichofthefollowingisakeyelementinthe19th-centurycharactermodel?21.以下哪一項(xiàng)是19世紀(jì)性格模范的關(guān)鍵因素？

A.Passion.A.激情，熱情

B.Determination.B.決心

C.Capability.C.能力

D.Action.D.行動

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞the19th-centurycharactermodel定位第一段倒數(shù)第二句“作為靈魂的船長，你的工作就是建立水壩來控制這些激情（keepthesepassionsincheck）”，以及最后一句“你的工作就是對懶惰、欲望、貪婪、吸毒和其他罪惡說不（sayno）”，可知，在19世紀(jì)，最首要的性格模范就是“決心”，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)屬于出處錯位，性格模范的關(guān)鍵因素就是決心控制激情；

C、D選項(xiàng)在該處沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

22.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

22.The19th-centurymodelsupposedlydoesnotworkbecause______.22.19世紀(jì)的性格模范被認(rèn)為是行不通的，原因是______。

A.ithasworkedunsatisfactorilymostofthetimeA.它在大多數(shù)時(shí)候都沒有令人滿意地發(fā)揮作用

B.thecomparisonoffreewilltoadamisgroundlessB.將自由意志比作大壩是毫無根據(jù)的

C.whatonewishestodoshouldbeconsideredcarefullyC.人們應(yīng)該仔細(xì)考慮自己想做什么

D.thereweremanyotherfactorsbeyondone’scontrolD.還有許多其他因素超出了一個(gè)人的控制

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位第三段第二句“今天，我們知道自由意志是有限的”，以及第三句“人們可以改變自己的生活，但有序的改變并不簡單，因?yàn)楹芏嗍虑椋╩anythings），甚至是我們自身的事情，都超出了我們的直接控制（beyondourdirectcontrol）”，可知，因?yàn)楹芏嘁蛩囟汲隽酥苯拥目刂?，所以難以有序的改變生活，D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)定位第二段第四句“你的意志力不像水壩，不能阻擋任性的洪流”，可知，文中并沒有提到將自由意志比作大壩是groundless，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)表述與原文不符，屬于曲解原文。

23.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

23.WhatisthemainimplicationoftheresearchatDukeUniversity?23.杜克大學(xué)的這項(xiàng)研究的主要意義是什么？

A.Habitiskeytoone’sbehaviour.A.習(xí)慣是一個(gè)人行為的關(guān)鍵。

B.One’sbehaviourisdifficulttochange.B.一個(gè)人的行為很難改變。

C.Bothhabitandwillpowerareimportant.C.習(xí)慣和意志力都很重要。

D.Habithasanunidentifiedstructure.D.習(xí)慣有一個(gè)未知的結(jié)構(gòu)。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息DukeUniversity定位第三段第四句“例如，我們的許多行為都是由潛意識習(xí)慣引導(dǎo)的（guidedbyunconscioushabits）”，以及第五句“杜克大學(xué)的研究人員計(jì)算出，超過40%的行為是由習(xí)慣決定的（governedbyhabit），而不是實(shí)際的決定”，可知，很多的行為都是習(xí)慣導(dǎo)致的，A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾，杜克大學(xué)的研究就是“大部分行為由習(xí)慣決定”，所以該項(xiàng)中的willpower不符合原文；

D選項(xiàng)在第三段最后一句有提到，“習(xí)慣的結(jié)構(gòu)是：線索、例行公事和獎勵”，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

24.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

24.Accordingtothenewcharactermodel,personalbehaviourcouldbealteredthrough______.24.根據(jù)新的性格模范，個(gè)人行為可以通過______改變。

A.cuestomanipulatethehabitualneuralresponsesA.通過暗示來操縱習(xí)慣性的神經(jīng)反應(yīng)

B.cuestostopalltheformerunconscioushabitsB.通過暗示停止所有之前無意識的習(xí)慣

C.techniquestodevisedifferentphysicalcuesC.通過技巧來設(shè)計(jì)不同的身體暗示

D.techniquestosupplementoldroutinesD.通過技巧來補(bǔ)充舊的習(xí)慣

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位第六段第二句“你應(yīng)該設(shè)計(jì)策略來改變暗示和慣例（devisestrategiestoalterthecuesandroutines）”，可知，新的性格典范是通過設(shè)計(jì)策略提供暗示改變自己的行為習(xí)慣，所以C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)定位第五段“因此，他們的研究暗示了一種不同的性格典范，該典范被認(rèn)為可以操縱內(nèi)部的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)（manipulatetheneuralnetworksinside）”，可知A項(xiàng)中的neuralresponses和neuralnetworks并不相符，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

B選項(xiàng)中的stop和原文中的alter并不相符，屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)中的supplement和原文中的alter并不相符，也屬于曲解原文。

25.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

25.Welearnfromthepassagethatthenewcharactermodel______.25.從文章中我們得知，新的性格典范______。

A.hasbeenusedchangebehavioursuccessfullyA.已經(jīng)成功地改變了行為

B.dealsbetterwithemotionalaspectsofbehaviourB.更好地處理行為的情感方面

C.stressestheneuralandpsychologicalaspectsofhabitchangeC.強(qiáng)調(diào)習(xí)慣改變的神經(jīng)和心理方面

D.canbringaboutchangesinone’slifelikewhatadvertisersdoD.可以給人的生活帶來改變，就像廣告商做的那樣

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位倒數(shù)第二段，第一句“這有點(diǎn)令人不安，因?yàn)橹匾牧?xí)慣性神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)不僅僅是由慣例形成的（notformedbymereroutine），也不可能由聰明的暗示逆轉(zhuǎn)”，以及第二句“它們被情感所燃燒（burnedinbyemotion），被強(qiáng)烈的渴望所強(qiáng)化（strengthenedbystrongyearnings），就像對贊美和正義的渴望一樣”，可知，新的性格典范重視習(xí)慣改變的神經(jīng)和心理的方面，C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)文中并沒有提到成功改變了行為，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)也沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)定位到最后一段第一句“如果你認(rèn)為你可以用一種聰明的方式改變你的生活，就像廣告商讓你買空氣清新劑那樣，你可能錯了”，可知，該項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。

15.翻譯題

人類建立秩序是出于必須和渴望戰(zhàn)勝環(huán)境的挑戰(zhàn)，這樣一種有秩序的狀態(tài)就稱作“國家”，而“法律”就是維持國家存在的規(guī)則，時(shí)間伴隨著這些由法律和秩序建立起來的安寧和平靜，在時(shí)間的流逝中，經(jīng)過了數(shù)世紀(jì)的進(jìn)化，人類終于進(jìn)入了探索他自己所在的星系的時(shí)刻，只有人類在所有的生物中的進(jìn)化能被視為進(jìn)步。當(dāng)社會發(fā)生變革時(shí)，每個(gè)人在其所生活的大群體中的價(jià)值和權(quán)力都會增加，個(gè)人價(jià)值在人類群體從部落漸漸變成文明社會時(shí)并未減少，它反而成了統(tǒng)治所有人的法令的指導(dǎo)。

【答案】Orderwascausedbytheneedanddesiretosurvivethechallengeoftheenvironment.Thisorderlyconditioncalledthe"state",andtherolesthatmaintainedit,file"law".Withtimethepartnertothistranquility,manmarchedacrossthecenturiesofhisevolutiontothebrinkofexploringtheboundariesofhisowngalaxy.Ofalllivingorganisms,onlymanhasthecapacitytointerprethisownevolutionasprogress.Associallifechanged,theworthandrightsofeachmemberinthelargergroup,ofwhichhewasapart,increased.Asthegroupsgrewfromclanstocivilizations,thevalueoftheindividualdidnotdiminish,butbecameinsteadaguidetotherulesthatgovernallmen.

16.單選題

Mr.Smithbecamevery______whenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingenious

B.empirical

C.objective

D.indignant

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)ingenious“有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的，機(jī)靈的”，B項(xiàng)empirical“經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的”，C項(xiàng)objective“客觀的”，D項(xiàng)indignant“憤憤不平的，氣憤的”。根據(jù)句子后半部分的意思“有人說他犯了一個(gè)錯誤”可知，空格處填入D項(xiàng)符合句意。句意：當(dāng)有人暗示史密斯先生犯了一個(gè)錯誤時(shí)，他變得非常氣憤。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbymanyvariables,suchaslanguage,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.

（42）Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentcomefromthefactthatonecannotlearncultureonehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.OneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaroundfollowingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife.

Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant;thecriticalquestioncentersaroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaorevenblindness.

Fortuneexaminedtheinternationalperformanceofadozenlargecompaniesthatearn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas.Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:patience.Theyhavenotrushedintosituationsbutratherbuilttheiroperationscarefullybyfollowingthemostbasicbusinessprinciples.Theseprinciplesaretoknowyouradversary,knowyouraudience,andknowyourcustomer.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thebusinessmodelofPepsi（）.

3.Tothefirstschoolofthoughtinthebusinessworld,（）.

4.Theinformationinthispassageismeantforthose（）.

5.AccordingtoFortune,successfulinternationalcompanies（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisimpossibleforinternationalmanagerstolearnaforeignculture.

B.Factualknowledgeofculturehastobelearnedkeenedthroughexperience.

C.Oneneedsbothfactualandinterpretativeknowledgeofcultureintheinternationalmarketplace.

D.Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisthefirststeptodealwiththeculturalchallengeoftheinternationalmarketplace.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.offersabetterwaytodealwiththecomplicatedculturalchallenges

B.issimilartothatofMcDonald’s

C.doesnotbelieveinglobalization

D.hasovercomeculturaldifferencesinbusiness

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.doingbusinessislikeanorgantransplant

B.differentpoliciesshouldbesetupindifferentcountries

C.businessisbusinesstheworldaround

D.peoplewhobelieveinthesecondschoolofthoughthavemyopia

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.whoareinterestedinresearchingthetopicofculturaldiversity

B.whohavefriendsorrelativelivingabroad

C.whowanttotravelorstudyabroad

D.whowanttodobusinessinothercountries

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.earn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas

B.followsimplerrulesintheirbusinessoperation

C.allhavethequalityofpatience

D.allhaveconnectionsoverseas

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第一段Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.為了適應(yīng)這一體系，一個(gè)國際經(jīng)理需要事實(shí)知識和解釋性知識?？芍狢項(xiàng)“在國際市場中，一個(gè)人既需要事實(shí)知識，也需要解釋性知識。”正確。A項(xiàng)“國際經(jīng)理不可能學(xué)習(xí)外國文化”文中沒有提到；B項(xiàng)“文化中的事實(shí)知識需要從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中獲得”與“Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.在某種程度上，事實(shí)知識是可以學(xué)習(xí)的;它的解釋只來自于經(jīng)驗(yàn)?！辈环?；D項(xiàng)文中未提到。故C項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞Pepsi定位到第二段OneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaroundfollowingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.一是商業(yè)就是世界的商業(yè)，效仿百事和麥當(dāng)勞的模式。由此可知百事和麥當(dāng)勞的商業(yè)模式相似。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段OneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaroundfollowingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.一是商業(yè)就是世界的商業(yè)，效仿百事和麥當(dāng)勞的模式。可知C項(xiàng)正確。

4.意圖題。文章開篇就提到了在國際市場上，國際經(jīng)理應(yīng)該具備的知識。最后一段也提及了成功的國際公司應(yīng)有的品質(zhì)及遵循的原則。所以本文信息主要對與其他國家做生意的人有用。故D項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段“Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:patience.國際上成功的公司都有一個(gè)重要的品質(zhì):耐心?！惫蔆項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

AsDr.SamuelJohnsonsaidinadifferenteraaboutladiespreaching,thesurprisingthingaboutcomputersisnotthattheythinklesswellthanaman,butthattheythinkatall.Theearlyelectroniccomputerdidnothavemuchgoingforitexceptamarvelousmemoryandsomegoodmathskills.Buttodaythebestmodelscanbewireduptolearnbyexperience,followanargument,askproperquestionsandwritepoetryandmusic.Theycanalsocarryonsomewhatpuzzlingconversations.

Computersimitatelife.Ascomputersgetmorecomplex,theimitationgetsbetter.Finally,

thelinebetweentheoriginalandthecopybecomesunclear.Inanother15yearsorso,wewillseethecomputerasanewformoflife.

Theopinionseemsridiculousbecause,foronething,computerslackthedrivesandemotionsoflivingcreatures.Butdrivescanbeprogrammedintothecomputer’sbrainjustasnatureprogrammedthemintoourhumanbrainsaspartoftheequipmentforsurvival.

Computersmatchpeopleinsomeroles,andwhenfastdecisionsareneededinacrisis,theyoftensurpassthem.Havingevolvedwhenthepaceoflifewasslower,thehumanbrainhasaninherentdefectthatpreventsitfromabsorbingseveralstreamsofinformationsimultaneouslyandactingonthemquickly.Throwtoomanythingsatthebrainatonetimeanditfreezesup.

Wearestillincontrol,butthecapabilitiesofcomputersareincreasingatafantasticrate,whilerawhumanintelligenceischangingslowly,ifasall.Computerpowerhasincreasedtentimeseveryeightyearssince1946.Inthe1990,whenthesixthgenerationappears,thereasoningpowerofanintelligencebuiltoutofsiliconwillbegintomatchthatofthehumanbrain.

Thatdoesnotmeantheevolutionofintelligencehasendedontheearth.Judgingbythepast,wecanexpectthatanewspecieswillariseoutofman,surpassinghisachievementsashehassurpassedthoseofhispredecessor.Onlyacarbonchemistryenthusiastwouldassumethatthenewspeciesmustbeman’sflesh-and-blooddescendants.Thenewkindofintelligentlifeismorelikelytobemadeofsilicon.

1.WhatdoyousupposewastheattitudeofDr.SamuelJohnsontowardsladiespreaching?

2.Today,computersarestillinferiortomanintermsof（

）.

3.Intermsofmakingquickdecisions,thehumanbraincannotbecomparedwiththe

computerbecause（

）.

4.Thoughhethinkshighlyofthedevelopmentofcomputerscience,theauthordoesn’tmeanthat（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsinTRUE?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hebelievedthatladieswerebornworsepreachersthanmen.

B.Hewaspleasedthatladiescouldpreach,thoughnotaswellasmen.

C.Hedisapprovedofladiespreaching.

D.Heencouragedladiestopreach

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.decisionmaking

B.drivesandfeelings

C.growthofreasoningpower

D.informationabsorption

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.inthelongprocessofevolutiontheslowpaceoflifedidn’trequiresuchabilityofthehumanbrain.

B.thehumanbrainisinfluencedbyotherfactorssuchasmotivationandemotion

C.thehumanbrainmaysometimesfreezeupinadangeroussituation

D.computersimitatelifewhilethehumanbraindoesnotimitatecomputers/

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.computersarelikelytobecomeanewformofintelligentlife.

B.humanbeingshavelostcontrolofcomputers.

C.theintelligenceofcomputerswilleventuallysurpassthatofhumanbeings.

D.theevolutionofintelligencewillprobablydependonthatofelectronicbrains.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Futuremanwillbemadeofsiliconinsteadoffleshandblood.

B.Somedayitwillbedifficulttotellacomputerfromaman.

C.Thereasoningpowerofcomputershasalreadysurpassedthatofman

D.Futureintelligentlifemaynotnecessarilybemadeoforganicmatter.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一句asDr.SamuelJohnsonsaidinadifferenteraaboutladiespreaching,thesurprisingthingaboutcomputersisnotthattheythinklesswellthanaman,butthattheythinkatall提到關(guān)于電腦最讓人驚訝的不是它們沒有人類擅長思考，而是它們竟然可以思考，就如同Samuel博士對于女人布道的看法一