考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thesubjectofsafetymustbeplacedatthetopofthe___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.agenda

B.bulletin

C.routine

D.timetable

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)agenda“議程；日常工作事項(xiàng)；日程表”；B選項(xiàng)bulletin“公告，公報(bào)”；C選項(xiàng)routine“常規(guī)，慣例；生活乏味；（演出中的）一套動(dòng)作；（計(jì)算機(jī)）例行程序”；D選項(xiàng)timetable“時(shí)間表；時(shí)刻表；課程表”。句意：安全問(wèn)題必須放在議程的首位。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)境，A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.翻譯題

Highlysuccessfulscientistsdependonspecialtalents,likeinarts,music,andsoon.Natureproducesthemveryslowly,parsimoniously,andataconstantrate.Onehastodomorewithmorewithbothnaturalgiftsandformalextensiveacademictraining.Theirnumbercannotbeincreasedundercommand:theydevelopspontaneouslywheneverthescientifictrainingofthecommunityisadequatetoprovidethebasictrainingtheyneedwhichistodaythecaseinseveralnationsovertheworldincludingmanyofthedevelopingcountries.Thesecondelementisthe“collectivityeffect”Scientificprogressisgreatlyenhancedbyanonlineareffect.Progressismuchfasterwhenmanyanddifferenttypesofscientistsinteractcloselytogether.Thisisparticularlyactiveatthe“interface”betweendisciplines;forinstance,achemistryideaappliedtobiology.Amathematicalconceptappliedtophysics,andsoon.Inotherwords100scientistsofnottoodifferentdisciplinesoperating,sotospeak,underthesameroof,makemuchmoreandfasterprogressthanthesame100peopleworkingseparatelyandinisolation.

【答案】成就卓越的科學(xué)家的成功離不開(kāi)自己在如藝術(shù)、音樂(lè)等領(lǐng)域的獨(dú)特天賦。大自然對(duì)這些人物的造就非常緩慢，非常吝嗇，而且始終如此?？茖W(xué)家必須更好地處理天賦與正規(guī)、全面的學(xué)校培養(yǎng)的關(guān)系。天才科學(xué)家的數(shù)目是不可能依照命令而增加的。只有當(dāng)科學(xué)家所在的社區(qū)能夠提供其所需的基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練時(shí)，天才科學(xué)家才會(huì)自然而然地得到培養(yǎng)。這就是當(dāng)今世界上的一些國(guó)家，包括許多發(fā)展中國(guó)家中所出現(xiàn)的情形。第二個(gè)原因就是所謂的“集體效應(yīng)”。這種非線性的效應(yīng)極大地促進(jìn)了科學(xué)的進(jìn)步。當(dāng)許多不同類(lèi)型的科學(xué)家在一起進(jìn)行密切互動(dòng)，科學(xué)進(jìn)步的速度就會(huì)加快。這種進(jìn)步在不同學(xué)科的“交叉地帶”尤為活躍。例如，把化學(xué)上的某個(gè)想法施用于生物學(xué)，把數(shù)學(xué)上的某一概念施用于物理學(xué)等。換句話說(shuō)，100名專(zhuān)業(yè)區(qū)別不大的科學(xué)家在一起合作研究所取得的進(jìn)展，可以說(shuō)，要比同樣多的科學(xué)家在分散的、相互隔離的環(huán)境中研究取得的進(jìn)展要大得多，快得多。

3.單選題

Itwasduringsummerbreaksthatwefirsttastethesatisfactionworkthat（

）intohardcurrency.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.translates

B.transfers

C.transplants

D.transmits

【答案】A

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。translate“變換”；transfer“移交，遷移”；transplant“移植（器官）”；transmit“傳輸，傳播”。句意：暑假期間，我們第一次品嘗到了把勞動(dòng)變成貨幣的滋味。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.單選題

Iam（）ofmakingexcusesforyourrudenesstoourfriends.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.annoyed

B.worried

C.tired

D.angry

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查形容詞用法。A選項(xiàng)annoyed“惱怒的”，一般與with，about，at進(jìn)行搭配，B選項(xiàng)worried“擔(dān)心的，發(fā)愁的”，一般與about，by進(jìn)行搭配，C選項(xiàng)tired“疲倦的，困倦的”，tiredofdoingsth“厭倦，厭煩”，D選項(xiàng)angry“發(fā)怒的，憤怒的”，一般與at，about，over，with進(jìn)行搭配。句意：我厭倦了為你對(duì)我們的朋友的粗魯辯解。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

5.單選題

Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind.InthiswaytheNorthAmericanIndiansproducepemmican(driedmeatgroundintopowderandmadeintocakes),theScandinaviansmakestockfishandtheArabsdrieddatesand“apricotleather”.

Allfoodsincludingwater~~cabbageandotherleafvegetablescontainsasmuchas93%water,potatoesandotherrootvegetables80%,leanmeat75%andfish,anythingfrom80%to60%,dependingonhowfattyitis.Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked.

Fruitissun-driedinAsiaMinor,Greece,SpainandotherMediterraneancountries,andalsoinCalifornia,SouthAfricaandAustralia.Themethodsusedvary,butingeneral,thefruitisspreadoutontraysindryingyardsinthehotsun.Inordertopreventdarkening,pears,peachesandapricotsareexposedtothefumesofburningsulfurbeforedrying.Plums,formakingprunesandcertainvarietiesofgrapesformakingraisinsandcurrants,aredippedinanalkalinesolutioninordertocracktheskinsofthefruitslightlyandremovetheirwaxcoating,soastoIncreasetherateofdrying.

Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110°Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish.

Liquidssuchasmilk,coffee,tea,soupsandeggsmaybedriedbypouringthemoveraheatedsteelcylinderorbysprayingthemintoachamberthroughwhichacurrentofhotairpasses.Inthefirstcase,thedriedmaterialisscrapedofftherollerasathinfilmwhichisthenbrokenupintosmall,thoughstillrelativelycoarseflakes.Inthesecondprocessitfallstothebottomofthechamberasafinepowder.Whererecognizableplacesofmeatandvegetablesarerequired,asinsoup,theingredientsaredriedseparatelyandthenmixed.

Driedfoodstakeuplessroomandweighlessthanthesamefoodpackedincansorfrozen,andtheydonotneedtobestoredinspecialconditions.Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletotheclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace.Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem.Usuallyitisjustacaseofreplacingthedried-outmoisturewithboilingwater.

1.Theopen-airmethodofdryingfood（）.

2.Bacteriawhichcausefoodtogobad（）.

3.Nowadaysvegetablesaremostcommonlydried（）.

4.Driedfoods（）.

5.Housewiveslikedriedfoodsbecausethey（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.istheonemostcommonlyusedtoday

B.wasinventedbytheAmericanIndians

C.hasbeenknownforhundredsofyears

D.tendstobeunhygienic

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.cannotliveinsunlight

B.arekilledbydrying

C.areinnowaydependentonthewatercontent

D.havetheiractivitygreatlyreducedbydrying

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.onhorizontalcylinders

B.inhot-airchambers

C.inthesunandwind

D.usingtheopentraymethod

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.areoftenpackedincansorfrozen

B.areusedbysoldiersandclimbers

C.needmorestoragespacethansoldiersusuallyhaveavailable

D.aremuchcheaperthancannedorfrozenproducts

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.arequicktoprepare

B.tastebetter

C.canbepreservedbyboilinginwater

D.lookfreshandappetizingwhencooked

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一句話Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind.“幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以前，人類(lèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)去除食物中的水分有助于保存食物，最簡(jiǎn)單的方法就是將食物暴露在陽(yáng)光和風(fēng)下。由此可知將食物放在室外環(huán)境中風(fēng)干的方法在幾百年前就為人所知了。故C項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked.“如果這些水分被除去，導(dǎo)致食物變壞的細(xì)菌的活動(dòng)就會(huì)被抑制。故D項(xiàng)“通過(guò)風(fēng)干，細(xì)菌的活動(dòng)被大大減少?！闭_。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到文章第四段Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110°Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish.“現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)食品是用機(jī)械干燥的。這種脫水的傳統(tǒng)方法是把食物放在室內(nèi)，熱空氣在大約110°C入口被吹到大約43°C出口。這是干燥蔬菜、肉末和魚(yú)等食物的常用方法?！惫士梢酝茢喑龀Ｓ檬覂?nèi)熱空氣來(lái)烘干蔬菜室，故B項(xiàng)“熱空氣室”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段中的Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletotheclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace.“由于這些原因，它們對(duì)攀登者、探險(xiǎn)者和戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的士兵來(lái)說(shuō)是無(wú)價(jià)的，因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)有多少儲(chǔ)存空間。”可知與B項(xiàng)相符，故答案為B。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段中的Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem.“它們也很受家庭主婦的歡迎，因?yàn)榕腼儠r(shí)間很短”可知選項(xiàng)A“很快就準(zhǔn)備好”符合題意。答案A。

6.單選題

She’salwaysbeenkindtome—Ican’tjustturn（）onhernowthatsheneedsmyhelp.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.myback

B.myhead

C.myeye

D.myshoulder

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。turnone’sbackon為固定搭配，意為“不理會(huì)……，不肯給予……幫助”。句意：句意：她對(duì)我一直很好，現(xiàn)在她需要我的幫助，我不能不管。由搭配和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

7.單選題

Hemadesome（

）sketcheswhichwouldserveasguideswhenhepaintedtheactualportrait.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.primary

B.elementary

C.fundamental

D.preliminary

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。primary意為“首要的，主要的，初級(jí)的，最初的”，指處于初級(jí)或低級(jí)狀態(tài)；elementary意為“基本的”，指事物的初步或起始階段，或指學(xué)習(xí)某一學(xué)科或接受教育等處于入門(mén)階段或只是剛剛接觸的基本知識(shí)或原理；fundamental意為“基礎(chǔ)的，基本的，根本的”，指作為基礎(chǔ)、根本的抽象的事物；preliminary意為“初步的，初級(jí)的”指在正式開(kāi)始舉某活動(dòng)之前進(jìn)行的“初步的、預(yù)備的”活動(dòng)。由sketches（草圖）可知選D。

句意：他畫(huà)了一些初步的草圖，作為他畫(huà)肖像之前的指導(dǎo)。

8.單選題

Thisstudyinvolvesmonitoringthesleep（）of100mentallyhealthypeopleaged45to80.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.orders

B.rules

C.patterns

D.characters

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)orders“順序；命令”；B選項(xiàng)rules“規(guī)則”；C選項(xiàng)patterns“模式”；D選項(xiàng)characters“特征”。句意：這項(xiàng)研究包括監(jiān)測(cè)100名45歲至80歲精神健康的人的睡眠（）。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，睡眠和characters“特征”搭配比較合理。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Investigatingtheimpactofmediaongovernment.

B.Studyingthehazardsofyoungpeopledrinking.

C.Conductingresearchonconsumerbehaviour.

D.Observingthechangesinmarketing.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itisachiefconcernofparents.

B.Itisanactofsocialising.

C.Itisthecauseofmanystreetriots.

D.Itisgettingworseyearbyyear.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyresearchedtheimpactofmobilephonesonyoungpeople.

B.Theyspentaweekstudyingtheirownpurchasingbehaviour.

C.Theyconductedathoroughresearchonadvertising.

D.Theyanalysedtheirfamilybudgetsovertheyears.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

【解析】RecordingOne

[16]Wellmycurrentresearchisreallyaboutconsumerbehaviour.SorecentlyI’velookedatyoungpeople’sdrinking—andit’sobviouslyamajorconcerntoGovernmentatthemoment.I’vealsolookedathowolderpeoplearerepresentedinthemedia;again,it’sofmajorcurrentinterestwitholderpeoplebecomingamuchlargerproportionofUKandindeedworldsociety.I’malsointerestedinhowconsumersoperateonline,howthatonlinebehaviourmightbedifferentfromhowtheyoperateofflinewhentheygototheshops.Well,Ithinkthattheimportantthinghereistoactuallyunderstandwhat’shappeningfromtheconsumer’sperspective.OneofthethingsthatbusinessesandindeedGovernmentorganisationsoftenfailtodoistoreallyseewhatishappeningfromtheconsumer’sperspective.Forexample,inthecaseofyoungpeople’sdrinking,[17]oneofthethingsthatwe’veidentifiedisthatdrinkingforpeoplesaybetweentheagesof18and24isallaboutthesocialactivity.AlotoftheGovernmentadvertisinghasbeenaboutindividualresponsibilitybutactuallyunderstandingthatdrinkingisverymuchaboutthesocialactivityandfindingwaystohelpyoungpeoplegethomesafelyandnotendupinhospitalisoneofthethingsthatwe’vetriedtopresentthere.

Thekeythingaboutconsumerbehaviouristhatit’sverymuchabouthowconsumerschange.Marketsalwayschangefasterthanmarketing;sowehavetolookatwhatconsumersaredoing.CurrentlyIteachconsumerbehaviourtounder-graduatesintheirsecondyearandwelookatallkindsofthingsinconsumerbehaviourandparticularlyhowconsumersarepresentedinadvertising.Sotheygetinvolvedbylookingatadvertisingandreallycriticallyassessingtheconsumerbehaviouraspectsofitandgettinginvolvedsometimesdoingprimaryresearch.Forexample;[18]lastyearmystudentsspentaweeklookingattheirownpurchasingandanalyseditindetailfromshoppingtotherelationshipthattheyhavewiththeirretailbanksandtheirmobilephoneproviders.Ithinktheyfounditveryusefulanditalsohelpedthemidentifyjustwhatkindofbudgetstheyhadtoo.Thefactofthematteristhatthere’sawholerangeofinterestingresearchoutthereandIthinkastheyearsgoon,there’sgoingtobemuchmoreforustoconsiderandcertainlymuchmoreforstudentstobecomeinvolvedin.

16.Whatisthespeakercurrentlydoing?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)說(shuō)話者目前在做什么？錄音一開(kāi)始便提及，說(shuō)話人正在開(kāi)展主題為消費(fèi)者行為的研究。C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)消費(fèi)者行為開(kāi)展研究”與錄音表述符合，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“調(diào)查媒體對(duì)政府的影響”利用錄音中出現(xiàn)的個(gè)別字詞拼湊而成的，因此不正確；B選項(xiàng)“研究年輕人飲酒的危害”這只是作為一個(gè)例子說(shuō)明說(shuō)話人是如何對(duì)消費(fèi)者行為進(jìn)行研究的，并不是講話人正在研究的問(wèn)題，因此不正確；D選項(xiàng)“觀察銷(xiāo)售行為的變化”，錄音中說(shuō)話人只提到市場(chǎng)經(jīng)常比銷(xiāo)售行為變化得快，并不是說(shuō)話人在觀察銷(xiāo)售行為的變化，因此也不正確。

17.Whathasthespeakerfoundaboutyoungpeopleddrinking?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)關(guān)于年輕人飲酒，說(shuō)話者有什么發(fā)現(xiàn)？錄音中，就年輕人飲酒的例子，講話人指出：對(duì)于年齡在18至24歲之間的人來(lái)說(shuō)，喝酒都只是一種社交活動(dòng)。因此B選項(xiàng)“這是一種社交行為”正確。A選項(xiàng)“是父母最關(guān)心的問(wèn)題”，錄音中表述的是年輕人飲酒的現(xiàn)象是政府主要關(guān)心的事情，而不是父母，因此不正確。C選項(xiàng)“是許多街頭騷亂的原因”和D選項(xiàng)“情況一年比一年糟糕”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及，因此可排除。

18.Whatdoesthespeakersaythathisstudentsdidlastyear?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)說(shuō)話者說(shuō)他的學(xué)生去年做了什么？錄音中提及，說(shuō)話人的學(xué)生有時(shí)會(huì)參與初步研究。接著舉出例子：去年他的學(xué)生花費(fèi)一周的時(shí)間觀察自身的購(gòu)買(mǎi)行為，并對(duì)此進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析。B選項(xiàng)“他們花費(fèi)一周時(shí)間研究他們自己的購(gòu)買(mǎi)行為”與原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們研究了手機(jī)對(duì)年輕人的影響”和C選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)廣告進(jìn)行了深入的研究”利用錄音中出現(xiàn)的個(gè)別字詞拼湊而成的，表述不準(zhǔn)確，因此排除；D選項(xiàng)“他們分析了多年來(lái)的家庭預(yù)算”，錄音中說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為他的學(xué)生進(jìn)行的研究可以幫助他們確定自己的預(yù)算，但沒(méi)有提及對(duì)自己的家庭預(yù)算進(jìn)行分析，因此D選項(xiàng)不正確。

10.單選題

EvenasachildIwasnotagreatfanofcartoon,butmydaughterwatchesthemwhenevershecan,withnoapparentilleffectsonherattitudeorherperformanceatschool.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Evenasachild

B.fanofcartoon

C.themwhenevershecan

D.apparentilleffectsonher

E.沒(méi)有問(wèn)題

【答案】C

【解析】代詞誤用。them改成it,此處的代詞指代前面的cartoon,因?yàn)槭菃螖?shù)名詞，故需要用it。

11.單選題

Theterm“remotesensing”referstothetechniquesofmeasurementandinterpretation

ofphenomenafromadistance.Priortothemid-1960’stheinterpretationoffilmimageswastheprimarymeansforremotesensingoftheEarth’sgeologicfeatures.Withthedevelopmentoftheoptomechanicalscanner,scientistsbegantoconstructdigitalmultispectralimagesusingdatabeyondthesensitivityrangeofvisiblelightphotography.Theseimagesareconstructedbymechanicallyaligningpictorialrepresentationsofsuchphenomenaasthereflectionoflightwavesoutsidethevisiblespectrum,therefractionofradiowaves,andthedailychangesintemperatureinareasontheEarth’ssurface.Digitalmultispectralimaginghasnowbecomethebasictoolingeologicremotesensingfromsatellites.

Theadvantageofdigitaloverphotographicimagingisevident:theresultingnumericaldataarepreciselyknown,anddigitaldataarenotsubjecttothevagariesofdifficult-to-controlchemicalprocessing.Withdigitalprocessing,itispossibletocombinealargenumberofspectralimages.Theacquisitionofthefirstmultispectraldigitaldatasetfromthemultispectralscanner(MSS)aboardthesatelliteLandsatin1972consequentlyattractedtheattentionoftheentiregeologiccommunity.LandsatMSSdataarenowbeingappliedtoavarietyofgeologicproblemsthataredifficulttosolvebyconventionalmethodsalone.Theseincludespecificproblemsinmineralandenergyresourceexplorationandthechartingofglaciersandshallowseas.

Amorefundamentalapplicationofremotesensingistoaugmentconventionalmethodsforgeologicmappingoflargeareas.Regionalmapspresentcompositional,structural,andchronologicalinformationforreconstructinggeologicevolution.Suchreconstructionshaveimportantpracticalapplicationsbecausetheconditionsunderwhichrockunitsandotherstructuralfeaturesareformedinfluencetheoccurrenceoforeandpetroleumdepositsandaffectthethicknessandintegrityofthegeologicmediainwhichthedepositsarefound.

Geologicmapsincorporatealarge,variedbodyofspecificfieldandlaboratorymeasurements,butthemapsmustbeinterpretativebecausefieldmeasurementsarealwayslimitedbyrockexposure,accessibilityandlaborresources.Withremote-sensingtechniquesitispossibletoobtainmuchgeologicinformationmoreefficientlythanitcanbeobtainedontheground.Thesetechniquesalsofacilitateoverallinterpretation.Sincedetailedgeologicmappingisgenerallyconductedinsmallarea,thecontinuityofregionalfeaturesthathaveintermittentandvariableexpressionsisoftennotrecognized,butinthecomprehensiveviewsofLandsatimagesthesecontinuitiesareapparent.However,somecriticalinformationcannotbeobtainedthroughremotesensing,andseveralcharacteristicsoftheLandsatMSSimposelimitationsontheacquisitionofdiagnosticdata.Someoftheselimitationscanbeovercomebydesigningsatellitesystemsspecificallyforgeologicpurposes;buttobemosteffective,remote-sensingdatamuststillbecombinedwithdatafromfieldsurveysandlaboratorytests,thetechniquesoftheearliertwentiethcentury.

1.Byusingtheword“interpretative”inline32.Theauthorisindicatingwhichofthefollowing?

2.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutgeologicmappingwouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

3.Accordingtothepassage,measurementsofwhichofthefollowingcanbeprovidedbytheoptomechanicalscannerbutnotbyvisible-lightphotography?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatamajordisadvantageofphotographicimagingingeologicmappingisthatsuchphotography.

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatLandsatimagesdifferfromconventionalgeologicmapsinthatLandsatimages.

6.ThepassageprovidesinformationabouteachofthefollowingtopicsEXCEPT（

）.

7.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthe“conventionalmethods”mentionedinline24?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Somemapsarebasedmoreondatafromaerialphotographythanondatafromfieldoperations.

B.Somemapsarebasedalmostexclusivelyonlaboratorymeasurements

C.Somemapsarebasedonincompletedatafromfieldobservations.

D.Somemapsshowonlylargegeologicfeatures.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Geologicmappingisbasicallyanartandnotascience.

B.Geologicmappinghasnotchangedsignificantlysincetheearly1960’s

C.Geologicmappingwillhavelimitedpracticalapplicationsuntilremote-sensingsystemsareperfected.

D.Adevelopmentalmilestoneingeologicmappingwasreachedin1972.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theamountofvisiblelightreflectedfromoceans.

B.ThedensityoffoliageinremoteareasontheEarth’ssurface.

C.DailytemperaturechangesofareasontheEarth’ssurface.

D.ThedegreeofradioactivityemittedbyexposedrocksontheEarth’ssurface.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.cannotbeusedatnight.

B.cannotfocusonthedetailsofageologicarea.

C.mustbechemicallyprocessed.

D.isalwaysenhancedbydigitalreconstruction.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.revealtheexactsizeofpetroleumdepositsandoredeposits.

B.indicatethecontinuityoffeaturesthatmightnototherwisebeinterpretedascontinuous.

C.predictthemovementsofglaciers.

D.providehighlyaccuratedataabouttheoccurrenceofmineraldeposits.

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.theprincipalmethodofgeologicremotesensingpriortothemid-1960*s

B.someofthephenomenameasuredbydigitalmultispectralimagesinremotesensing.

C.someofthepracticalusesofregionalgeologicmaps.

D.thespecificlimitationsoftheLandsatmultispectralscanner.

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.Theyconsistprimarilyoffieldsurveysandlaboratorymeasurements.

B.Theyarenotusefulinprovidinginformationnecessaryforreconstructinggeologicevolution.

C.Theyhaverarelybeenusedbygeologistssince1972.

D.Theyareusedprimarilytogathercompositionalinformationaboutgeologicfeatures.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第四段：Geologicmapsincorporatealarge,variedbodyofspecificfieldandlaboratorymeasurements,butthemapsmustbeinterpretativebecausefieldmeasurementsarealwayslimitedbyrockexposure,accessibilityandlaborresources—地質(zhì)圖采集了數(shù)量繁多、形形色的一整套具體的實(shí)地測(cè)量和實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)，但是因?yàn)閷?shí)地測(cè)量受到巖石裸露、可到達(dá)程度以及人力資源的限制，所以這一地質(zhì)圖必須進(jìn)行分析。確定C選項(xiàng)‘一些地圖的數(shù)據(jù)是來(lái)源于實(shí)地觀察的不完整地?cái)?shù)據(jù)’正確。

2.根據(jù)文章第二段：Theacquisitionofthefirstmultispectraldigitaldatasetfromthemultispectralscanner（MSS）aboardthesatelliteLandsatin1972consequentlyattractedtheattentionoftheentiregeologiccommunity.1972年，安裝在Landsat衛(wèi)星上的多譜線掃描儀傳送出來(lái)的首批多譜線的數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)，吸引了整個(gè)地學(xué)界的注意。確定D選項(xiàng)‘1972年成為地質(zhì)制圖發(fā)展的里程碑’正確。

3.根據(jù)文章第一段：Withthedevelopmentoftheoptomechanicalscanner,scientistsbegantoconstructdigitalmultispectralimagesusingdatabeyondthesensitivityrangeofvisiblelightphotography.Theseimagesareconstructedbymechanicallyaligningpictorialrepresentationsofsuchphenomenaasthereflectionoflightwavesoutsidethevisiblespectrum,therefractionofradiowaves,andthedailychangesintemperatureinareasontheEarth’ssurface.隨著光機(jī)械掃描儀的發(fā)展，科學(xué)家開(kāi)始利用那些超出可見(jiàn)光攝影術(shù)感知范圍的數(shù)據(jù)構(gòu)造數(shù)字化多譜線圖像。這些圖像的建造是通過(guò)用機(jī)械手段對(duì)一些現(xiàn)象的圖像進(jìn)行整理，如可見(jiàn)光譜外光波的反射，無(wú)線電波的折射以及地球表面一些地區(qū)日常溫度的變化。確定C選項(xiàng)‘地球表面許多地區(qū)溫度的日間變化’正確。

4.根據(jù)文章第二段：Theadvantageofdigitaloverphotographicimagingisevident:theresultingnumericaldataarepreciselyknown,anddigitaldataarenotsubjecttothevagariesofdifficult-to-controlchemicalprocessing.相對(duì)于其它的攝影成像，數(shù)字成像的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是明顯的，產(chǎn)生的數(shù)字化數(shù)據(jù)可以被精確地理解，并且不會(huì)受到難以控制的化學(xué)過(guò)程的不規(guī)則性的影響。確定C選項(xiàng)‘必須經(jīng)過(guò)化學(xué)過(guò)程’正確。

5.根據(jù)文章第四段：Sincedetailedgeologicmappingisgenerallyconductedinsmallarea,thecontinuityofregionalfeaturesthathaveintermittentandvariableexpressionsisoftennotrecognized,butinthecomprehensiveviewsofLandsatimagesthesecontinuitiesareapparent.由于詳盡知地質(zhì)繪圖一般在小的范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行，所以那些具有斷斷續(xù)續(xù)和多變量的區(qū)域特征的連續(xù)性就經(jīng)常不能被認(rèn)可，但是Landsat衛(wèi)星的全方位的觀察角度，能將這一連續(xù)性呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)。確定B選項(xiàng)‘指明特征的連續(xù)性并不能解釋為連續(xù)性‘正確。

6.根據(jù)文章第一段：Priortothemid-1960stheinterpretationoffilmimageswastheprimarymeansforremotesensingoftheEarth'sgeologicfeatures.在20世紀(jì)中葉之前，對(duì)膠片的解釋是對(duì)地球地質(zhì)特征進(jìn)行遙感的主要方法。所以A選項(xiàng)‘地質(zhì)遙感的主要方法在20世紀(jì)60年代之前就出現(xiàn)’符合原文。根據(jù)文章第一段：Withthedevelopmentoftheoptomechanicalscanner,scientistsbegantoconstructdigitalmultispectralimagesusingdatabeyondthesensitivityrangeofvisiblelightphotography.隨著光機(jī)械掃描儀的發(fā)展，科學(xué)家#始構(gòu)造數(shù)字化多譜線圖像，利用那些超出可見(jiàn)光影敏感范圍的數(shù)據(jù)。所以B選項(xiàng)‘出現(xiàn)了在遙感中利用數(shù)字化多譜線圖像進(jìn)行測(cè)量的現(xiàn)象’符合原文。根據(jù)文章第三段：Regionalmapspresentcompositional,structural,andchronologicalinformationforreconstructinggeologicevolution.：區(qū)域地圖向重構(gòu)地質(zhì)進(jìn)化過(guò)程，提供了成分、結(jié)構(gòu)及時(shí)間順序等信息。所以C選項(xiàng)‘一些地區(qū)地質(zhì)圖有實(shí)用性’符合原文。用排除法確定D選項(xiàng)‘Landsat衛(wèi)星掃描儀有特殊限制‘文中未提及，符合題意。

7.根據(jù)文章第三段：Amorefundamentalapplicationofremotesensingistoaugmentconventionalmethodsforgeologicmappingoflargeareas.遙感更基本的應(yīng)用是增強(qiáng)傳統(tǒng)的大范圍的地質(zhì)繪圖的方法。Regionalmapspresentcompositional,structural,andchronologicalinformationforreconstructinggeologicevolution.區(qū)域地圖向重構(gòu)地質(zhì)進(jìn)化過(guò)程，提供了成分、結(jié)構(gòu)及時(shí)間順序等信息。再根據(jù)文章第四段：Geologicmapsincorporatealarge,variedbodyofspecificfieldandlaboratorymeasurements...地質(zhì)圖采集了數(shù)量繁多、形形色的一整套具體的實(shí)地測(cè)量和實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)。確定A選項(xiàng)‘它們主要包括實(shí)地考察生實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)量’正確。

12.單選題

Ourjourneywasslowbecausethetrainstopped（）atdifferentvillages.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gradually

B.continuously

C.constantly

D.continually

【答案】D

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。gradually逐漸地；continuously連續(xù)不斷地；constantly不斷地，時(shí)常地；continually不斷地，頻繁地。句意：我們的旅行很慢，因?yàn)榛疖?chē)頻繁地在不同的村莊?？?。選項(xiàng)D更符合語(yǔ)境。

13.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious，notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedorfallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepre-industrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery’’theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis（

）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat

（

）.

3.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose

（

）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould

（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellowcompetitors

D.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.tolerance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless（然而，所有這些潤(rùn)滑劑并不能改變?nèi)艘呀?jīng)變得毫無(wú)力量的事實(shí)）可知C選項(xiàng)“與社會(huì)其他部分相比不重要的一部分，盡管運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.（他們生老病死，從來(lái)沒(méi)有面對(duì)過(guò)人類(lèi)作為情感上和智力上獨(dú)立和有生產(chǎn)力的人存在的基本現(xiàn)實(shí)）可知D選項(xiàng)“他們被剝奪了個(gè)性和獨(dú)立性”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress（不斷地需要證明自己和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手一樣好，或者比競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手強(qiáng)，這就產(chǎn)生了持續(xù)的焦慮和壓力）可知D選項(xiàng)“能遠(yuǎn)離這個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的世界的人”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements（變成一種以人為本的工業(yè)主義，在這種工業(yè)中，在這里人及其潛能——愛(ài)和理性——的充分開(kāi)發(fā)是所有社會(huì)安排的目的）可知C選項(xiàng)“使人能充分發(fā)揮自己的潛力”符合題意。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由文章第一段的內(nèi)容可知作者將社會(huì)比作一個(gè)機(jī)械，人只是這個(gè)機(jī)械中的一個(gè)小齒輪，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了諷刺和批評(píng)，因此B選項(xiàng)“不滿”符合題意。

14.單選題

Allourequipmentmeetsthenationalregulationsand______withEuropeanstandards.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.a