優(yōu)秀英語課件狀語和狀語從句ReviewLessons

優(yōu)秀英語課件

狀語和狀語從句ReviewLessons

優(yōu)秀英語課件

狀語和狀語從句ReviewLesson1狀語的定義和作用狀語是修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子等的句子成分。狀語表示地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、程度、方式、伴隨情況等。狀語的定義和作用狀語是修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子等的句狀語的形式和位置在所有的語法范疇中，狀語的形式最多樣，它可以是單詞、詞組或從句；可以是副詞（短語）、介詞短語、分詞（短語）、動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）、狀語從句等。與其他語法范疇相比，狀語的位置也最靈活，它可以出現(xiàn)在句首、句中或句末。例如：Immediatelyhereplied.（句首）Heimmediatelyreplied.（句中）Herepliedimmediately.（句尾）

狀語的形式和位置在所有的語法范疇中，狀語的形式最多樣，它可以副詞（短語）作狀語Sheisalwayslosingherkeys.她總是丟鑰匙。Johndrovetooslowly.約翰開車太慢。副詞（短語）作狀語介詞短語作狀語Thebestfishswimnearthebottom.好魚居水底 Ihavelivedhereforthreeyears.我住這已經(jīng)3年了。介詞短語作狀語分詞（短語）作狀語Shesattheredoingnothing.她坐在那里無所事事。（doing的邏輯主語是she，它們之間是主動(dòng)的關(guān)系）Givenbetterattention,thetreescangrowwell.如果得到更好的管理，這些樹可以長得很好。（given的邏輯主語是thetrees，它們之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系）分詞（短語）作狀語Shesattheredoingn為了表示明確的時(shí)間或條件，有時(shí)可在分詞前加when,while,if等連詞。例如：Whenleavingtheairport,shewavedagainandagaintous.當(dāng)離開機(jī)場的時(shí)候，她向我們頻頻招手。Whilewaitingforthetrain,IhadalongtalkwithJane.在等火車的時(shí)候，我與珍妮進(jìn)行了長談。Iftranslatedwordbyword,thesentencewillbemeaningless.如果逐字翻譯，這個(gè)句子就沒有意義。為了表示明確的時(shí)間或條件，有時(shí)可在分詞前加when,whi分詞有時(shí)也可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語（即與句子的主語不一致），這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，在很多情況下表示時(shí)間、原因、條件或伴隨的動(dòng)作或情況。例如：Theholidaysbeingover,theybegantogetdowntodotheirworkagain.假期結(jié)束了，他們又開始認(rèn)真地工作。Somanypeoplebeingabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.這么多人缺席，我們決定把會(huì)議延期。分詞有時(shí)也可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語（即與句子的主語不一致），【特別提醒】現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)的意思，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過去分詞表示被動(dòng)的意思，表示動(dòng)作的完成?！咎貏e提醒】動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作狀語Shewasslowtomakeuphermind.遲遲不能下決心。Tobehonest,Ididn’tenjoytheparty.說實(shí)話，我不喜歡這個(gè)聚會(huì)。Welivetoservethepeopleheartandsoul.我們活著是為了全心全意為人民服務(wù)。動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作狀語Shewasslowtoma副詞性從句---狀語從句狀語從句的種類對(duì)比訓(xùn)練與鞏固副詞性從句---狀語從句狀語從句的種類11WhileIwaswonderingatthis,ourschoolmastertookhisplace.()2.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.()3.Nowthat/Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.（）4.I’llspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.()5.Socleverwasheastudentthathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.()6.Aslongasyoudon’tloseheart,you’llsucceed.()7.Tryashemight,hecouldnotfindajob.()8.Theoldladytreatstheboyasifhewereherownson.()時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因目的結(jié)果條件讓步方式狀語從句的分類WhileIwaswonderingatthis,狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句原因狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句目的狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句條件狀語從句方式狀語從句比較狀語從句讓步狀語從句狀語從句有九種，時(shí)地原因條狀補(bǔ)，目比結(jié)果方讓步，連詞引導(dǎo)各不同；主句通常前面走，連詞引導(dǎo)緊隨后，從句若在主前頭，主從之間有個(gè)逗。狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句狀語從句有九種，1、時(shí)間狀語從句：

引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞有：when,as,while,before,after,till,until,since,assoonas,bythetime,whenerver,once…等引導(dǎo)。如：1、時(shí)間狀語從句：引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞有1.Whenhewasstillayoungman,hewasforcedtoleavehishomelandforpoliticalreasons.2.Ithasbeen15yearssinceheleft.3.I’lltellhimthenewsassoonasIseehim.4.Onceyouhavegotusedtoit,youwilllikeit.5.Iwaitedtillhehadfinishedhiswork.1.Whenhewasstillayoung（1）when,as,whilewhen：“當(dāng)...時(shí)，在...之后”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或先后發(fā)生?？捎醚永m(xù)（持續(xù)）性動(dòng)詞，也可用終止（短暫）性動(dòng)詞。如：1.WhenIwasaboy,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.（同時(shí)發(fā)生）2.Whenthelessonwasover,webeganourwriting.（從句動(dòng)作在前）3.Callmewhenyouhavefinished.（從句動(dòng)作在前）（1）when,as,while1.WhenIwaas“正當(dāng)，一邊...一邊,隨著”引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，①表示某事一發(fā)生，另一事隨即發(fā)生；②表示某事發(fā)生的過程中另一事發(fā)生；③表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。可用延續(xù)（持續(xù)）性動(dòng)詞，也可用終止（短暫）性動(dòng)詞。如：1.Asthesunrosethefogdisappeared.2.Ashewasspeakingtherewasaloudexplosion.3.Hesmiledashepassed.(兩個(gè)都是短暫性動(dòng)作)4.Hesawthatshewassmiling

assheread.(兩個(gè)都是延續(xù)性動(dòng)作)as“正當(dāng)，一邊...一邊,隨著”引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，①表示某While：“與...同時(shí)，在…期間”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句側(cè)重主句和從句動(dòng)作的對(duì)比。它也強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句動(dòng)作的同時(shí)發(fā)生，常用延續(xù)（持續(xù)）性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。如：1.Theyrushedinwhilewewerediscussingproblems.2.YoucangoswimmingwhileI'mhavinglunch.3.WhilewewerewatchingTV,hewasdoinghomework.4.Hewaswritingane-mailwhileIwasplayinggames.While：“與...同時(shí)，在…期間”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句側(cè)重while也可做并列連詞，表示“對(duì)照，對(duì)比”的意思。如：Heistallwhilehisbrotherisshort.當(dāng)when,as,while表示“在…一段時(shí)間里”，主從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，可以換用。如：While(When或As)wewerediscussing,Mr.Smithcamein.while也可做并列連詞，表示“對(duì)照，對(duì)比”的意思。如：He1.Didsheleaveamessagebeforeshewenthome?（主句動(dòng)作在前）2.SheshowedmemanybeautifulstampsafterIgottoherhome.（從句動(dòng)作在前）（2）before，afterbefore“在...之前”引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句通常表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之前，反之則用after“在...之后”.1.Didsheleaveamessagebef(3)till和until①如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，通常用肯定式的主句until/till都表示“直到…為止”，?？苫Q。如：

Iworkedtill(until)hecameback.②如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則用否定式的主句，not...until表示“直到…才”,有時(shí)不用not,而用其他如never,nothing等表示否定的詞。如：Ididn’tgotobeduntilhecameback.③放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)一般用until，till不用于句首，也不可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句。如：Untilhereturns,nothingcanbedone.(3)till和until②如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞是非延（4）sincesince引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“自...以來

”，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。如：1.IhaveworkedforthiscompanysinceIgraduated.2.Wehavebeengoodfriendssincewejoinedthesamefootballteam.（4）sincesince引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“自..（5）assoonasassoonas引導(dǎo)的從句表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作隨即發(fā)生，常譯為“一...就...”。該從句經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。如：1.Assoonashearrives,I'lltellhim.2.I'llgiveittoherassoonasshearriveshere.（5）assoonasassoonas引導(dǎo)的從句表示（6）bythetimebythetime這個(gè)詞組常用來指到某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)為止，主句常用完成時(shí)態(tài)。如：1.Bythetimehewas12,hehadtravelledtomorethan30countriestogethisdiseasecured.2.Bythetimeyouarrived,thelecturehadalreadyended.（6）bythetimebythetime這個(gè)詞組常(7)

whennever,once,eachtime,everytime,themoment,theminute,soonafter,shortlyafterimmediately,directly,instantly,theinstant,hardly…when,scarcely…when,nosooner…than等都可以作為連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語。如：

1.Whenevershecomes,shebringsafriend.

2.Eachtimehecame,hewouldcallonme.3.Youmustshowhiminimmediatelyhecomes.4.IrecognizedhimthemomentIsawhim.(7)whennever,once,eachtime講練結(jié)合:1.－DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?

－Yes.Igaveittoher______Isawher.A.while B.themoment C.suddenly D.once2.Ithoughtherniceandhonest______Imether.A.firsttime B.forthefirsttime C.thefirsttime D.bythefirsttime3.______enteredtheofficewhenherealizedthathehadforgottenhisreport.A.Hehardlyhad B.Hadhehardly C.Hardlyhadhe D.HardlyhehadBCC講練結(jié)合:BCCSumup:1．themoment,theminute,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardly…when,scarcely…when,nosooner…than等一些詞也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，相當(dāng)于assoonas的意思。如：

Ididn’twaitamoment,butcameimmediatelyyoucalled.2．一些含有time的名詞短語，如everytime,eachtime,nexttime,bythetime等，以及theday,theyear,themorning等，也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。如：

Thedayhereturnedhome,hisfatherwasalreadydead.Nexttimeyoucome,pleasebringyourcomposition.3.如果hardly或nosooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必須用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.Sumup:時(shí)間狀語從句:牛刀小試1.Wewereswimminginthelake______suddenlythestormstarted.A.when B.while C.until D.before2.Hewasabouttotellmethesecret______someonepattedhimontheshoulder.A.as B.until C.while D.when3.Hetransplantedthelittletreetothegarden______itwasthebesttimeforit.A.where B.whenC.that D.until4.－DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?

－Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto’clock____hearrivedhome.A.BeforeB.whenC.that D.until5.Hewasabouthalfwaythroughhismeal______afamiliarvoicecametohisears.A.why B.where C.whenD.whileADBBC時(shí)間狀語從句:牛刀小試ADBBC6.ThecostoflivinginGlasgowisamongthelowestinBritain,______thequalityoflifeisprobablyoneofthehighest.A.since B.whenC.as D.while7.______Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.A.While B.SinceC.BeforeD.Unless8.______Iamdoingmyhomework,mymotheriscooking.A.Ad B.WhileC.BeforeD.Until連接詞while的用法小結(jié)

1.while引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，側(cè)重主句動(dòng)作和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。

2.while作為并列連詞，意為“而，卻”，表對(duì)照，對(duì)比。3.while可表示盡管，相當(dāng)于although。DAB6.ThecostoflivinginGlasg【小結(jié)】1.時(shí)間狀語從句常由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：when,as,while,before,after,till,until,since,assoonas,bythetime,whenerver,once…等引導(dǎo)。2.時(shí)間狀語從句還可由一些名詞themoment,theinstant,everytime等，副詞instantly,directly等連接。I’lltelephoneyoutheinstantIknow.我一知道就立即給你打。EverytimeIcatchacold,mynoseruns.每次我感冒都流鼻涕。3.時(shí)間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。（主將從現(xiàn)）Youwillgettoknowwhenyougrowup.你長大后就會(huì)了解。【小結(jié)】1.時(shí)間狀語從句常由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：when,as時(shí)間狀語從句

whenaswhilebeforeafteruntil(till)sinceassoonasbythetimewhenever/onceevery/eachtimethefirst/…/lasttimethemomenttheminuteinstantlyimmediatelydirectly

(一…就…)hardly…whenscarcely…whennosooner…than部分倒裝時(shí)間狀語從句whenwhenever/once部分倒裝通常由連詞：because,since,as,nowthat引導(dǎo)。Hedidn’tcomebecausehewasill.2、原因狀語從句：because：表示“因?yàn)椤?，直接而明確的原因和理由，表因果關(guān)系語氣最強(qiáng)。why提問的句子，一般都用because回答。注意：because不能和so在同一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)，表因果關(guān)系只能二選一。通常由連詞：because,since,as,nowSinceyouarehere,youmustdoit.Youneedn’tgowithme,asyouarebusy.AsIwasafraid,Ihidmyself.since：表示人們已知的事實(shí)，不需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的原因，“既然”，通常放在句首。since引導(dǎo)的從句是次要的，重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的內(nèi)容。as：as和since用法差不多，所引出的理由在說話人看來已經(jīng)很明顯，或已為聽話人熟悉而不需用because加以強(qiáng)調(diào)。as引導(dǎo)的從句于主句同等重要。Sinceyouarehere,youmustd

1.Now(that)youareinHighSchool,youwillprobablyspendmoreinreading.2.Now(that)alltheguestshavearrived,let’shaveourdinner.3.I'mgoingtorelaxnow(that)theschoolyearisover.now(that)：now(that)主要用于口語，表示微弱的原因，主從關(guān)系不明顯，常譯為“既然”，與since意思相似。1.Now(that)youareinHi注意：①在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語從句，只能用because引導(dǎo)，不可用as或since，如：Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tgowithus.②because可以引導(dǎo)表語從句,而as,since不可以，狀語一般都是it,this,that,如：It’sbecauseheistoolazy.③for也表示“因?yàn)椤?，但是并列連詞，它連接的不是狀語從句，語氣比較強(qiáng)。Itmustbemorning,forthebirdsaresinging.注意：②because可以引導(dǎo)表語從句,而as,sinc知識(shí)拓展：for和上述三個(gè)從屬連詞不同，它是一個(gè)并列連詞，用來鏈接并列句。它有時(shí)可用來作附加說明，為前面的事實(shí)提供一種推斷的理由。1.Weshouldbemorecarefore,foritisalreadydark.天已黑了，我們應(yīng)更小心些。2.Let'sstayathome,forit'sraininghardoutside.我們待在家里吧，外面下著大雨。知識(shí)拓展：for和上述三個(gè)從屬連詞不同，它是一個(gè)并列連詞，用becausesinceasfornow(that)considering(that)seeing(that)考慮到／鑒于鑒于／由于／既然／因?yàn)樵驙钫Z從句because考慮到／鑒于鑒于／由于／既然／因?yàn)樵驙钫Z從句通常由連詞where和wherever引導(dǎo)。如：1.Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.2.Whereveryougo,youmustwritetoyourparents.3.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.4.Wherethereistoomuch,thepoisonandwastemaydogreatharmtothethingsaroundus.3、地點(diǎn)狀語從句：通常由連詞where和wherever引導(dǎo)。如：1.Go地點(diǎn)狀語從句與定語從句間的轉(zhuǎn)化在where前加上to/in/from(the/any)place(s)等構(gòu)成to/in/from(the/any)place(s)where,便可變成定語從句。如：1.Juststaywhereyouareanddon'tmove.2.Juststayintheplacewhereyouareanddon'tmove.3.Youcangoanywhereyoulike.4.Youcangotoanyplacewhereyoulike.定語從句定語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句與定語從句間的轉(zhuǎn)化在where前加上to/in/溫馨提示：地點(diǎn)狀語從句從屬連詞where用來修飾句子的謂語動(dòng)詞的，用來說明那個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。定語從句關(guān)系副詞where(前面有一個(gè)名詞或代詞充當(dāng)先行詞)先行詞應(yīng)該是一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，定語從句用來說明那是一個(gè)什么樣的地點(diǎn)1.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.2.SitwhereIcanseeyou.溫馨提示：地點(diǎn)從屬連詞where用來修飾句子的謂語動(dòng)詞的，用通常由sothat,inorderthat,incase(that),forthepurposethat,forfearthat,lest等引導(dǎo)：

1.Hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldcatchtheearlybus.2.Shemarriedhimsothatshemighttendandcomforthim.3.Iexplainedagainandagainincaseheshouldmisunderstandme.4、目的狀語從句：在目的狀語從句中常常含有may,might,will,would,shall,should,can,could等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。通常由sothat,inorderthat,ininorderthat和sothatinorderthat常用于正式文體?？芍糜诰涫?，也可置于句中；而sothat往往置于句中，sothat短語中有時(shí)可省略that。如：1.IhurriedthroughmyworkinorderthatIcouldbeintimeforwonderfulTVprogrammes.2.Shedresseslikeanangelsothateveryonewillnoticeher.3.Speaklouderso(that)thepeopleinthehallcanhearyou.inorderto“為了”，后跟不定式sothat“以便”，引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句inorderthat和sothatinorde目的狀語從句與不定式、介詞短語的互換當(dāng)從句主語與主語一致時(shí)，可用soasto,inorderto。1.Heworkeddayandnightinorderthathecouldsucceed.Heworkeddayandnightinordertosucceed.2.We'llsitinthefrontofthehallsothatwecanhearbetter.

We'llsitinthefrontofthehallsoasto/inordertohearbetter.【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)】1.sothat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞里有can,could,may,might等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；2.sothat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞里則沒有。目的狀語從句與不定式、介詞短語的互換當(dāng)從句主語與主語一致時(shí)，Ihidthebooklest(=forfearthat)heshouldseeit.※【特別提醒】由lest，forfearthat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句要使用虛擬語氣，由should＋動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。Ihidthebooklest(=forfear

sothat為使，以便inorderthat為了，以便

incase(that)假使，萬一，如果，以免

forthepurposethat為了…目的

lest唯恐，免得

forfearthat生怕，唯恐，以免目的狀語從句sothat為使，以便目的狀語從句由that,sothat,so…that...,such…that...引導(dǎo)：

1.

Itwasverycold,sothattheriverfroze.2.Thebookissowrittenthatitgivesaquitewrongideaofthefacts.3.Thereweresomanypeople(=suchalotofpeople)intheroomthatwecouldnotgetin.4.Hemadesuchanexcellentspeechthateveryoneadmiredhim.5、結(jié)果狀語從句：由that,sothat,so…that...,su

sothatso形容詞/副詞+that+從句many/few+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)much/little+不可數(shù)名詞形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)1.Kathyissolovelyagirlthatweallliketoplaywithher.2.Fatherworkedsohardthatwewereallworriedabouthim.3.Tomissokindthattheyallliketomakefriendswithhim.4.Lisalefthomesohurriedlythatshelefthercellphonehome.5.There'ssolittletimeleftthatwehavetospeedup.so...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時(shí)，從句如果是否定句，可與too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)互換:如：Theyweresotiredthattheycouldn'tgoanyfarther.=Theyweretootiredtoanyfarther.sothat形容詞/副詞many/few+可數(shù)名詞的

suchthatsucha/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that+從句形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞1.Kathyissuchalovelygirlthatweallliketoplaywithher.2.Thereweresuchdifficultquestionsthatnoneofuscouldanswerthem.3.Wehadsuchterribleweatherthatwecouldn'tfinishtheworkontime.知識(shí)拓展：so/such...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時(shí)，可把so/such置于句首，主句用倒裝語序。1.Suchwashisworrythathecouldn'tgoonwithhiswork.2.Socarelesslydidhedrivethathewasnearlykilled.suchthata/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形容詞

that/sothat結(jié)果狀語從句so形容詞/副詞+that+從句many/few+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)much/little+不可數(shù)名詞形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)sucha/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that+從句形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞that/sothat結(jié)果狀語從時(shí)間狀語從句原因狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句目的狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句繼續(xù)講后面4種狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句繼續(xù)講后面4種狀語從句50由if（如果）,unless（除非）,aslongas(=solongas)(只要),incase(that)(如果，萬一)等引導(dǎo)。主句為祈使句、一般將來時(shí)或有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。1.Ifplasticsandrubberareburned,theygiveoffpoisonousgases.2.Unlessyouworkhard,youwillfail.3.Youcangoout,aslongas(solongas)youpromisetobebackbeforeeleven.4.IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeaboutthat.6、條件狀語從句：注意：條件狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不可用將來時(shí)，只能用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或過去時(shí)態(tài)表示將來時(shí)。由if（如果）,unless（除非）,aslonif如果(1)if時(shí)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句中最常用的連詞，表示在某種條件下某事可能發(fā)生。1.Ifitsnowstomorrow,wewillbuildasnowman.2.Ifyoufailintheexam,youwilllethimedown.(2)如果if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句所表達(dá)的前提或條件將來可以實(shí)現(xiàn)或正在進(jìn)行，動(dòng)詞要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，主句通常用將來時(shí)。1.I'llshowyouhowtodoitifIhavefinishedthbook.if如果(1)if時(shí)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句中最常用的連詞，表知識(shí)拓展:if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句和賓語從句的區(qū)別:

(1)if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，通?？疾榈膬?nèi)容為:主句用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來;

(2)if引導(dǎo)賓語從句，如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),那么賓語從句可根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語選用各種對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài);如果主句是一般過去時(shí)，那么賓語從句要用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。

1.Ifitdoesn'train,Iwillgotothecinematomorrow.

2.DoyouknowifwewillgotothezoonextSaturday?

3.Ithinkwe'llgoifwedon'thavemuchhomework.主將從現(xiàn)（賓語從句）你知道我們下周六是否去動(dòng)物嗎？知識(shí)拓展:if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句和賓語從句的區(qū)別:主將unless除非unless相當(dāng)于if...not...,意為“除非，如果不”。1.Youwillfailtoarrivethereintimeunlessyoustartearlier.2.Don'tcomeunlessItelephone.3.Unlessitrains,thegamewillbepalyed.unless除非unless相當(dāng)于if...not...,

if（如果）unless（除非）,aslongas(=solongas)(只要),incase(that)(如果，萬一)條件狀語從句if（如果）條件狀語從句由連詞as,asif,asthough引導(dǎo)：

1.Theteachertoldthestudentstodoashedid.老師讓學(xué)生們按照他的做法去做。2.Leaveitasitis.順其自然。

3.TheydidasIhadasked.他們是按照我的要求做的。4.Leavethechildernastheyare.

讓孩子們隨便待著，不要管他們。7、方式狀語從句：as由連詞as,asif,asthough引導(dǎo)：7、方式asif和asthough(1)二者引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句所表示的情況是事實(shí)或具有很大的可能性時(shí)，通常用陳述語氣，常與look/seem/taste/smell/sound等詞連用。1.Heheardanoise,asifsomeonewasbreathing.2.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.天看起來好像要下雨了。3.Itseemsasiftheboyhaslosthisway.小男孩似乎迷路了。

(2)從句所表示的情況不是事實(shí)，而是主觀的想象和夸大性的比喻，通常用虛擬語氣。1.HetreatsmeasifIwerehisownson.2.Hewalkedasifheweredrunk.asif和asthough意義和用法大致一樣asif和asthough(1)二者引導(dǎo)的方式狀方式狀語從句as隨著，按照asifasthough從句所表示的情況是事實(shí)或具有很大的可能性時(shí)，陳述語氣從句所表示的情況不是事實(shí)，而是主觀的想象和夸大性的比喻虛擬語氣方式狀語從句as隨著，按照從句所表示的情況是事實(shí)或具有很大的

由連詞as…as（和...一樣）,notso(as)…as（...不如...）,than(比)等引導(dǎo)：

1.Ihopeitwasasgoodastheoneyoulentme.2.Actuallytheoceanfloorarealmostasirregularastheexposedlandarea.實(shí)際上，海底幾乎和暴露的陸地區(qū)域一樣不規(guī)則。3.Noonecanbemorefitforhisofficethanheis.4.Hecan’trunsofastasshe.8、比較狀語從句：由連詞as…as（和...一樣）,notso(as)注意：“the+比較級(jí)(+從句)，the+比較級(jí)(+主句)，這一句型也歸在較狀語從句內(nèi)。如：

1.Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.2.Theharderwework,thehappierwefeel.注意：“the+比較級(jí)(+從句)，the+比較級(jí)(+主句)，as…as（和...一樣）

notso(as)…as（...不如...）than(比)the+比較級(jí)(+從句)，the+比較級(jí)(+主句)比較狀語從句as…as（和...一樣）比較狀語從句讓步狀語從句表示某種與主句相反條件或情況，但從句所表示的這些不利因素并不能阻止主句動(dòng)作的發(fā)生，即在相反的條件下，主句的情況依然存在。由though,although,as(雖然),evenif,eventhough(盡管),whoever,nomatterwho（無論誰）,however,nomatterhow（無論怎樣）,whatever,nomatterwhat(無論什么),whether引導(dǎo)。在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有時(shí)還可以插在主句中間，前置時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)主句內(nèi)容，后置時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)從句內(nèi)容。9、讓步狀語從句：讓步狀語從句表示某種與主句相反條件或情況，但從句所表示的這些

1.Thoughheisold,yetheisactive.雖然他很老，但他很活躍。2.Althoughmostofthepeopleagreed,somewerenotwillingtoaccepted.盡管大多數(shù)人都同意，但有些人不愿意接受。3.Proudasthenoblesare,heisafraidtoseeme.盡管貴族們很驕傲，他卻不敢見我。4.Wewouldn’tloseheartevenifweshouldfailtentimes.即使我們失敗了十次，我們也不會(huì)失去信心。5.Whetherhecomesornot,we’lldiscusstheproblemthisafternoon.不管他來不來，我們今天下午會(huì)討論這個(gè)問題。6.NomatterwhatIsayorhowIsayit,healwaysthinksI’mwrong.不管我說什么或怎么說，他總是認(rèn)為我錯(cuò)了。1.Thoughheisold,yethough和although

though與although同義，用法基本一樣，前者通俗，口語化；后者較正式，多放于句首，不能與but連用，但可以與yet,still（副詞）等連用，用來加強(qiáng)語氣。1.Theyaregenerous,thoughtheyarepoor.2.Althoughit'sraining,theyarestillworkinginthefiled.3.Though(Although)hewastired,yet(still)hewentonworking.4.Thoughitwascold,yet(still)hewentoutwithoutacoat.though和althoughthough與althoueventhough和evenif表示語氣更強(qiáng)的讓步，譯為“即使”。eventhough更加強(qiáng)調(diào)“既成事實(shí)”的讓步，evenif更強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)“假設(shè)”的讓步。1.SheisgoingtohaveproblemsinfindingajobevenifshegetsherlevelCET-6.即使她達(dá)到了英語6級(jí)水平，她找工作還是會(huì)有問題。2.Eventhoughheis24now,heisstilllikealittlechild.盡管他現(xiàn)在24歲了，但他仍然像個(gè)小孩子。3.Sheinsistedonherownopinioneventhoughshewaswrong.盡管她錯(cuò)了，她依然堅(jiān)持自己的觀點(diǎn)。eventhough和evenif表示語氣更強(qiáng)的讓步，asas引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，從句部分語序要部分倒裝。倒裝時(shí)若有帶冠詞的名詞，冠詞需要省去。as的這種用法與though倒裝時(shí)的用法完全一致。如：1.Youngasheis,hecanreadandwriteinseveralforeignlanguage.（表語提前）2.Childashewas,hehadtosupportthefamily.（表語名詞提前并常省去冠詞）3.Surroundedaswewerebytheenemy,wemanagedtomarchforward.（表語名詞提前并常省去冠詞）asas引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，從句部分語序要部分倒裝。1.Ywhether...ornot和whether...or1.Anyway,it'sagoodstorywhetherornotit'sture.不管是真是假，這個(gè)故事都不錯(cuò)。2.Allthenationsshouldbeequalwhethertheyarestrongornot.所有國家都應(yīng)平等，不管他們是都強(qiáng)大。3.You'llhavetoattendtheceremonywhetheryou'refreeorbusy.不管你忙不忙，都要參加這個(gè)典禮。whether...ornot和whether...or1whateverwhoeverwhicheverwheneverwhereverhoweverwh-everwh-everwhateverwh-everwh-evernomatterwhonomatterwhatnomatterwhichnomatterwhennomatterwherenomatterhownomatterwh-nomatterwh-nomatterwhonomatterwh-no1.Whenever(nomatterwhen打給我，你都是受歡迎的。2.Wherever(nomatterwhere)youwork,youcanalwaysfindtimetostudy.無論你在哪里工作，你總能找到時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)。3.Taketheoneyoulikebest,whichever(nomatterwhich)itis.拿你最喜歡的那一個(gè)，無論哪個(gè)都可以。4.I'llwaitforyouhowever(nomatterhow)lateitis.不管多晚我都會(huì)等著你。5.Whoever(Nomatterwho)youare,youmustobeythelaw.不管你是誰，你都要遵紀(jì)守法。1.Whenever(nomatterwhen打though,although,as(雖然)evenif,eventhough,(盡管)whether...or(not)(不管)however,nomatterhow（無論怎樣）wh-ever,nomatterwh-讓步狀語從句though,although,as(雖然)讓步狀語從對(duì)比訓(xùn)練與鞏固對(duì)比訓(xùn)練與鞏固721.Wewereabouttoleave____itbegantorain.2.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherson,____,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmyson.3.HardlyhadIfinishedmycomposition____thebellrang.A.whenB.whileC.asD.during對(duì)比訓(xùn)練１ABA1.Wewereabouttoleave____1.Child____sheis,sheknowsalot.2.Hedidtheexperiment____hewastold.3.Thepianosintheothershopwillbecheaper,butnot____good.

A.duringB.asC.soD.thoughE.bothBandC

對(duì)比訓(xùn)練２EBB1.Child____sheis,sheknow1.Hewouldhavealookatthebookstores____hewenttotown.2.Wedecidetofinishtheworkontime,____happens.3.Ifweworkwithastrongwill,weovercomeanydifficulty,____greatitis.4.I’llgivethebookto____likesEnglish.A.wheneverB.whoeverC.whateverD.however對(duì)比訓(xùn)練３ACDB1.Hewouldhavealookatthe對(duì)比訓(xùn)練４1.Itwillbeyears____wemeetagain.2.Itistenyears____Icametothistown.3.Itistenyearsago____Icametothistown4.Itis1986____hisfirstnovelcameout.A.whenB.thatC.beforeD.sinceCDBA對(duì)比訓(xùn)練４1.Itwillbeyears____對(duì)比訓(xùn)練5Goandgetyourcoat.Itis____youleftit.2.Youarefreetogo____youlike.A.thereB.whereC.whereverD.when

BC對(duì)比訓(xùn)練5Goandgetyourcoat.I1.ThearticleiswritteninsucheasyEnglish____allofuscanreadit.2.ThearticleiswritteninsucheasyEnglish____allofuscanread.A.thatB.whichC.asD.sothat對(duì)比訓(xùn)練6CA1.Thearticleiswrittenins對(duì)比訓(xùn)練71.Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,nomatter____greatitis.2.Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,____greatitis.3.Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,____difficultyitis.4.Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,nomatter____difficultyitis.A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whateverBCDA對(duì)比訓(xùn)練71.Ifweworkhard,we優(yōu)秀英語課件

狀語和狀語從句ReviewLessons

優(yōu)秀英語課件

狀語和狀語從句ReviewLesson80狀語的定義和作用狀語是修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子等的句子成分。狀語表示地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、程度、方式、伴隨情況等。狀語的定義和作用狀語是修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子等的句狀語的形式和位置在所有的語法范疇中，狀語的形式最多樣，它可以是單詞、詞組或從句；可以是副詞（短語）、介詞短語、分詞（短語）、動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）、狀語從句等。與其他語法范疇相比，狀語的位置也最靈活，它可以出現(xiàn)在句首、句中或句末。例如：Immediatelyhereplied.（句首）Heimmediatelyreplied.（句中）Herepliedimmediately.（句尾）

狀語的形式和位置在所有的語法范疇中，狀語的形式最多樣，它可以副詞（短語）作狀語Sheisalwayslosingherkeys.她總是丟鑰匙。Johndrovetooslowly.約翰開車太慢。副詞（短語）作狀語介詞短語作狀語Thebestfishswimnearthebottom.好魚居水底 Ihavelivedhereforthreeyears.我住這已經(jīng)3年了。介詞短語作狀語分詞（短語）作狀語Shesattheredoingnothing.她坐在那里無所事事。（doing的邏輯主語是she，它們之間是主動(dòng)的關(guān)系）Givenbetterattention,thetreescangrowwell.如果得到更好的管理，這些樹可以長得很好。（given的邏輯主語是thetrees，它們之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系）分詞（短語）作狀語Shesattheredoingn為了表示明確的時(shí)間或條件，有時(shí)可在分詞前加when,while,if等連詞。例如：Whenleavingtheairport,shewavedagainandagaintous.當(dāng)離開機(jī)場的時(shí)候，她向我們頻頻招手。Whilewaitingforthetrain,IhadalongtalkwithJane.在等火車的時(shí)候，我與珍妮進(jìn)行了長談。Iftranslatedwordbyword,thesentencewillbemeaningless.如果逐字翻譯，這個(gè)句子就沒有意義。為了表示明確的時(shí)間或條件，有時(shí)可在分詞前加when,whi分詞有時(shí)也可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語（即與句子的主語不一致），這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，在很多情況下表示時(shí)間、原因、條件或伴隨的動(dòng)作或情況。例如：Theholidaysbeingover,theybegantogetdowntodotheirworkagain.假期結(jié)束了，他們又開始認(rèn)真地工作。Somanypeoplebeingabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.這么多人缺席，我們決定把會(huì)議延期。分詞有時(shí)也可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語（即與句子的主語不一致），【特別提醒】現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)的意思，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過去分詞表示被動(dòng)的意思，表示動(dòng)作的完成?！咎貏e提醒】動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作狀語Shewasslowtomakeuphermind.遲遲不能下決心。Tobehonest,Ididn’tenjoytheparty.說實(shí)話，我不喜歡這個(gè)聚會(huì)。Welivetoservethepeopleheartandsoul.我們活著是為了全心全意為人民服務(wù)。動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作狀語Shewasslowtoma副詞性從句---狀語從句狀語從句的種類對(duì)比訓(xùn)練與鞏固副詞性從句---狀語從句狀語從句的種類90WhileIwaswonderingatthis,ourschoolmastertookhisplace.()2.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.()3.Nowthat/Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.（）4.I’llspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.()5.Socleverwasheastudentthathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.()6.Aslongasyoudon’tloseheart,you’llsucceed.()7.Tryashemight,hecouldnotfindajob.()8.Theoldladytreatstheboyasifhewereherownson.()時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因目的結(jié)果條件讓步方式狀語從句的分類WhileIwaswonderingatthis,狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句原因狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句目的狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句條件狀語從句方式狀語從句比較狀語從句讓步狀語從句狀語從句有九種，時(shí)地原因條狀補(bǔ)，目比結(jié)果方讓步，連詞引導(dǎo)各不同；主句通常前面走，連詞引導(dǎo)緊隨后，從句若在主前頭，主從之間有個(gè)逗。狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句狀語從句有九種，1、時(shí)間狀語從句：

引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞有：when,as,while,before,after,till,until,since,assoonas,bythetime,whenerver,once…等引導(dǎo)。如：1、時(shí)間狀語從句：引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞有1.Whenhewasstillayoungman,hewasforcedtoleavehishomelandforpoliticalreasons.2.Ithasbeen15yearssinceheleft.3.I’lltellhimthenewsassoonasIseehim.4.Onceyouhavegotusedtoit,youwilllikeit.5.Iwaitedtillhehadfinishedhiswork.1.Whenhewasstillayoung（1）when,as,whilewhen：“當(dāng)...時(shí)，在...之后”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或先后發(fā)生?？捎醚永m(xù)（持續(xù)）性動(dòng)詞，也可用終止（短暫）性動(dòng)詞。如：1.WhenIwasaboy,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.（同時(shí)發(fā)生）2.Whenthelessonwasover,webeganourwriting.（從句動(dòng)作在前）3.Callmewhenyouhavefinished.（從句動(dòng)作在前）（1）when,as,while1.WhenIwaas“正當(dāng)，一邊...一邊,隨著”引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，①表示某事一發(fā)生，另一事隨即發(fā)生；②表示某事發(fā)生的過程中另一事發(fā)生；③表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生?？捎醚永m(xù)（持續(xù)）性動(dòng)詞，也可用終止（短暫）性動(dòng)詞。如：1.Asthesunrosethefogdisappeared.2.Ashewasspeakingtherewasaloudexplosion.3.Hesmiledashepassed.(兩個(gè)都是短暫性動(dòng)作)4.Hesawthatshewassmiling

assheread.(兩個(gè)都是