管理經濟學托馬斯版課件_第1頁
管理經濟學托馬斯版課件_第2頁
管理經濟學托馬斯版課件_第3頁
管理經濟學托馬斯版課件_第4頁
管理經濟學托馬斯版課件_第5頁
已閱讀5頁，還剩53頁未讀， 繼續(xù)免費閱讀

下載本文檔

版權說明：本文檔由用戶提供并上傳，收益歸屬內容提供方，若內容存在侵權，請進行舉報或認領

文檔簡介

Chapter5:TheoryofConsumerBehaviorMcGraw-Hill/IrwinCopyright?2011bytheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.Chapter5:TheoryofConsumerTheConsumer’sOptimizationProblemIndividualconsumptiondecisionsaremadewiththegoalofmaximizingtotalsatisfactionfromconsumingvariousgoodsandservicesSubjecttotheconstraintthatspendingongoodsexactlyequalstheindividual’smoneyincomeTheConsumer’sOptimizatConsumerTheoryAssumesbuyersarecompletelyinformedabout:RangeofproductsavailablePricesofallproductsCapacityofproductstosatisfyTheirincomeRequiresthatconsumerscanrankallconsumptionbundlesbasedonthelevelofsatisfactiontheywouldreceivefromconsumingthevariousbundlesConsumerTheoryAssumesbuyersTypicalConsumptionBundlesforTwoGoods,X&Y

(Figure5.1)TypicalConsumptionBundlesfoPropertiesofConsumerPreferencesCompletenessForeverypairofconsumptionbundles,AandB,theconsumercansayoneofthefollowing:AispreferredtoBBispreferredtoATheconsumerisindifferentbetweenAandBTransitivityIfAispreferredtoB,andBispreferredtoC,thenA

mustbepreferredtoCNonsatiationMoreofagoodisalwayspreferredtolessPropertiesofConsumerPrefereUtilityBenefitsconsumersobtainfromgoods&servicestheyconsumeisutilityAutilityfunctionshowsanindividual’sperceptionoftheutilitylevelattainedfromconsumingeachconceivablebundleofgoodsUtilityBenefitsconsumersobtaIndifferenceCurvesLocusofpointsrepresentingdifferentbundlesofgoods,eachofwhichyieldsthesameleveloftotalutilityNegativelysloped&convexIndifferenceCurvesLocusofpoTypicalIndifferenceCurve(Figure5.2)TypicalIndifferenceCurveMarginalRateofSubstitutionMRSshowstherateatwhichonegoodcanbesubstitutedforanotherwhilekeepingutilityconstantNegativeoftheslopeoftheindifferencecurveDiminishesalongtheindifferencecurveasXincreases&YdecreasesRatioofthemarginalutilitiesofthegoodsMarginalRateofSubstitutionMSlopeofanIndifferenceCurve&theMRS

(Figure5.3)QuantityofgoodXQuantityofgoodY0IC(360,320)600800ABTT’360320SlopeofanIndifferenceCurveIndifferenceMap(Figure5.4)QuantityofYQuantityofXIIIIIIIVIndifferenceMap(Figure5MarginalUtilityAdditiontototalutilityattributabletotheadditionofoneunitofagoodtothecurrentrateofconsumption,holdingconstanttheamountsofallothergoodsconsumedMarginalUtilityAdditiontotoConsumer’sBudgetLineShowsallpossiblecommoditybundlesthatcanbepurchasedatgivenpriceswithafixedmoneyincomeorConsumer’sBudgetLineShowsalConsumer’sBudgetConstraint

(Figure5.5)Consumer’sBudgetConstraintTypicalBudgetLine(Figure5.6)QuantityofYQuantityofX??ABTypicalBudgetLine(FigurShiftingBudgetLines(Figure5.7)PanelB–ChangesinpriceofX200100AB250DRN120240QuantityofYQuantityofXPanelA–ChangesinmoneyincomeQuantityofYQuantityofXAB100FZ80160200125CShiftingBudgetLines(FigureUtilityMaximizationUtilitymaximizationsubjecttoalimitedmoneyincomeoccursatthecombinationofgoodsforwhichtheindifferencecurveisjusttangenttothebudgetlineUtilityMaximizationUtilitymaUtilityMaximizationConsumerallocatesincomesothatthemarginalutilityperdollarspentoneachgoodisthesameforallcommoditiespurchasedUtilityMaximizationConsumeraConstrainedUtilityMaximization(Figure5.8)A?IC??BIIRTQuantityofburgersQuantityofpizzas08020100406010203040507010903050?EIII?DIV4515ConstrainedUtilityMaximizatiIndividualConsumerDemandAnindividual’sdemandcurveforaspecificcommodityrelatesutility-maximizingquantitiespurchasedtomarketpricesMoneyincome&pricesheldconstantSlopeofdemandcurveillustrateslawofdemand—quantitydemandedvariesinverselywithpriceIndividualConsumerDemandAniDerivingaDemandCurve(Figure5.9)QuantityofYPriceofX($)QuantityofXQuantityofX10020012510000Px=$10Px=$5Px=$89065509065505810DemandforXDerivingaDemandCurve(FMarketDemand&MarginalBenefitListofprices&quantitiesconsumersarewilling&abletopurchaseateachprice,allelseconstantDerivedbyhorizontallysummingdemandcurvesforallindividualsinmarketBecausepricesalongmarketdemandmeasuretheeconomicvalueofeachunitofthegood,itcanbeinterpretedasthemarginalbenefitcurveforagoodMarketDemand&MarginalBenefDerivationofMarketDemand(Table5.1)

QuantitydemandedPriceConsumer1Consumer2Consumer3Marketdemand$62154331213581007101350680143253161219DerivationofMarketDemand(DerivationofMarketDemandFigure(5.10)DerivationofMarketDemandFSubstitution&IncomeEffectsWhenpricechanges,totalchangeinquantitydemandediscomposedoftwopartsSubstitutioneffectIncomeeffectSubstitution&IncomeEffectsWSubstitution&IncomeEffectsSubstitutioneffectChangeinconsumptionofagoodafterachangeinitsprice,whentheconsumerisforcedbyachangeinmoneyincometoconsumeatsomepointontheoriginalindifferencecurveIncomeeffectChangeinconsumptionofagoodresultingstrictlyfromachangeinpurchasingpowerSubstitution&IncomeEffectsSIncome&SubstitutionEffects:ADecreaseinPx

(Figure5.12)Totaleffectofpricedecrease=Substitutioneffect+Incomeeffect9=5+4Totaleffectofpricedecrease=Substitutioneffect+Incomeeffect3=5+(-2)Income&SubstitutionEffects:Substitution&IncomeEffectsConsiderthesubstitutioneffectalone:AmountofgoodconsumedmustvaryinverselywithpriceIncomeeffectreinforcesthesubstitutioneffectforanormalgood&offsetsitforaninferiorgoodSubstitution&IncomeEffectsCSummaryofSubstitution&IncomeEffects(Table5.2)SubstitutionEffectIncomeEffectPriceofXdecreases:NormalGoodInferiorGoodPriceofXincreases:NormalGoodInferiorGoodXrisesXrisesXrisesXrisesXfallsXfallsXfallsXfallsSummaryofSubstitution&IncChapter5:TheoryofConsumerBehaviorMcGraw-Hill/IrwinCopyright?2011bytheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Allrightsreserved.Chapter5:TheoryofConsumerTheConsumer’sOptimizationProblemIndividualconsumptiondecisionsaremadewiththegoalofmaximizingtotalsatisfactionfromconsumingvariousgoodsandservicesSubjecttotheconstraintthatspendingongoodsexactlyequalstheindividual’smoneyincomeTheConsumer’sOptimizatConsumerTheoryAssumesbuyersarecompletelyinformedabout:RangeofproductsavailablePricesofallproductsCapacityofproductstosatisfyTheirincomeRequiresthatconsumerscanrankallconsumptionbundlesbasedonthelevelofsatisfactiontheywouldreceivefromconsumingthevariousbundlesConsumerTheoryAssumesbuyersTypicalConsumptionBundlesforTwoGoods,X&Y

(Figure5.1)TypicalConsumptionBundlesfoPropertiesofConsumerPreferencesCompletenessForeverypairofconsumptionbundles,AandB,theconsumercansayoneofthefollowing:AispreferredtoBBispreferredtoATheconsumerisindifferentbetweenAandBTransitivityIfAispreferredtoB,andBispreferredtoC,thenA

mustbepreferredtoCNonsatiationMoreofagoodisalwayspreferredtolessPropertiesofConsumerPrefereUtilityBenefitsconsumersobtainfromgoods&servicestheyconsumeisutilityAutilityfunctionshowsanindividual’sperceptionoftheutilitylevelattainedfromconsumingeachconceivablebundleofgoodsUtilityBenefitsconsumersobtaIndifferenceCurvesLocusofpointsrepresentingdifferentbundlesofgoods,eachofwhichyieldsthesameleveloftotalutilityNegativelysloped&convexIndifferenceCurvesLocusofpoTypicalIndifferenceCurve(Figure5.2)TypicalIndifferenceCurveMarginalRateofSubstitutionMRSshowstherateatwhichonegoodcanbesubstitutedforanotherwhilekeepingutilityconstantNegativeoftheslopeoftheindifferencecurveDiminishesalongtheindifferencecurveasXincreases&YdecreasesRatioofthemarginalutilitiesofthegoodsMarginalRateofSubstitutionMSlopeofanIndifferenceCurve&theMRS

(Figure5.3)QuantityofgoodXQuantityofgoodY0IC(360,320)600800ABTT’360320SlopeofanIndifferenceCurveIndifferenceMap(Figure5.4)QuantityofYQuantityofXIIIIIIIVIndifferenceMap(Figure5MarginalUtilityAdditiontototalutilityattributabletotheadditionofoneunitofagoodtothecurrentrateofconsumption,holdingconstanttheamountsofallothergoodsconsumedMarginalUtilityAdditiontotoConsumer’sBudgetLineShowsallpossiblecommoditybundlesthatcanbepurchasedatgivenpriceswithafixedmoneyincomeorConsumer’sBudgetLineShowsalConsumer’sBudgetConstraint

(Figure5.5)Consumer’sBudgetConstraintTypicalBudgetLine(Figure5.6)QuantityofYQuantityofX??ABTypicalBudgetLine(FigurShiftingBudgetLines(Figure5.7)PanelB–ChangesinpriceofX200100AB250DRN120240QuantityofYQuantityofXPanelA–ChangesinmoneyincomeQuantityofYQuantityofXAB100FZ80160200125CShiftingBudgetLines(FigureUtilityMaximizationUtilitymaximizationsubjecttoalimitedmoneyincomeoccursatthecombinationofgoodsforwhichtheindifferencecurveisjusttangenttothebudgetlineUtilityMaximizationUtilitymaUtilityMaximizationConsumerallocatesincomesothatthemarginalutilityperdollarspentoneachgoodisthesameforallcommoditiespurchasedUtilityMaximizationConsumeraConstrainedUtilityMaximization(Figure5.8)A?IC??BIIRTQuantityofburgersQuantityofpizzas08020100406010203040507010903050?EIII?DIV4515ConstrainedUtilityMaximizatiIndividualConsumerDemandAnindividual’sdemandcurveforaspecificcommodityrelatesutility-maximizingquantitiespurchasedtomarketpricesMoneyincome&pricesheldconstantSlopeofdemandcurveillustrateslawofdemand—quantitydemandedvariesinverselywithpriceIndividualConsumerDemandAniDerivingaDemandCurve(Figure5.9)QuantityofYPriceofX($)QuantityofXQuantityofX10020012510000Px=$10Px=$5Px=$89065509065505810DemandforXDerivingaDemandCurve(FMarketDemand&MarginalBenefitListofprices&quantitiesconsumersarewilling&abletopurchaseateachprice,allelseconstantDerivedbyhorizontallysummingdemandcurvesforallindividualsinmarketBecausepricesalongmarketdemandmeasuretheeconomicvalueofeachunitofthegood,itcanbeinterpretedasthemarginalbenefitcurveforagoodMarketDemand&MarginalBenefDerivationofMarketDemand(Table5.1)

QuantitydemandedPriceConsumer1Consumer2Consumer3Marketdemand$62154331213581007101350680143253161219DerivationofMarketDemand(DerivationofMarketDemandFigure(5.10)DerivationofMarketDemandFSubstitution&IncomeEffectsWhenpricechanges,totalchangeinquantitydemandediscomposed

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明，都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等，如果需要附件，請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙，網(wǎng)頁內容里面會有圖紙預覽，若沒有圖紙預覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經權益所有人同意不得將文件中的內容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間，僅對用戶上傳內容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理，對用戶上傳分享的文檔內容本身不做任何修改或編輯，并不能對任何下載內容負責。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權或不適當內容，請與我們聯(lián)系，我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評論

0/150

提交評論