宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件

Macrolinquistics宋丹丹林亞麗孔魯曉羅曼張玲玉Macrolinquistics1MacrolinguisticsLinguisticsandanthropologySociolinguisticsPsycholinguisticsComputationallinguisticsAndsoonMacrolinguistics2Linguisticsandanthropology語言學(xué)和人類學(xué)Providedby宋丹丹Linguisticsandanthropology3LinguisticsanthropologyInterdisciplinarylinksbetweenpologyandlinguIsticsresearchobjectresearchtool2.Anthropological3.SchoolsrepresentativesLinguistics41.Interdisciplinarylinksbetweenanthropologyandlinguistics1.1Languageisoneoftheresearchobjectofanthropology1.2Languageisoneoftheresearchtoolsofanthropology1.3culture,asaanthropologicalconceptprovideamorecomprehensivedescriptionoflanguage1.Interdisciplinarylinksbet51.1LanguageisoneoftheresearchobjectofanthropologyAnthropology:anthropologyisrecognizedsocialsciencewithtwobroadfields,physicalanthropologyandculturalanthropologyCultural:Thistermistakenfromthetechnicalvocabularyofanthropology,whereinitembracestheentirewayoflife(obviously,languageisapartthere)ofmembersofacommunityinsofarasitisconditionedbythatmembershipSo,languageisincludedintheanthropology,whichattemptstobeallinclusivethestudyofhumanbehaviorinallplacesandthroughouttime,isoneoftheresearchobjectofanthropology.1.1Languageisoneoftheres61.2Languageisoneoftheresearchtoolsofanthropology1.2.1Eachspeechcommunitylivesinasomewhatdifferentworldfromthatofothersandthatthesedifferencesarebothrealizedinpartsoftheirlanguages1.2.2Itisclearlypossibletoarriveatsomedescriptionofapeoplesculturewithoutlearninganythingoftheiringuage,butonemaysurmisethatadescriptionofculturethathadinvolvedsomeacquaintancewiththelanguageorlanguagesofthatculturewillbeincertainimportantrespectsmorepenetratingandrevealing1.2Languageisoneoftheres71.3Culture,asaanthropologicalconceptprovideamorecomprehensivedescriptionoflanguageadescriptionofalanguagebysomeonewhohasmadeuseofsomeknowledgeoftherestofthecultureofitsspeakerswillprovideamorecomprehensiveaccountoftheworkingofthelanguagewithinthecommunityasasymboliccommunicativesystemForexample,ifthelinguistwishestodealatallindetailwithsemanticswithinhisdescription,recoursetosomeculturalknowledgeofthecommunitymaybeaprerequisiteifhisstatementsofmeaning,inimportantspheresofthevocabularyaretoriseabovethesuperficiallyobviousandnottobeconfinedtolistingthenearestone-wordtranslationrenderings1.3Culture,asaanthropologi82.AnthropologicallinguisticsAnthropologicallinguisticsisacrosssubjectofanthropologyandlinguistics,whichworkamongsuchlanguages,wherethereisatotalabsenceofwrittenrecords.andanalmosttotalabsenceotpriorscholarship人類語言學(xué)用人類學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)研究語言學(xué),是人類學(xué)和語言學(xué)的交叉學(xué)科,重點(diǎn)研究那些毫無文字記載的,幾乎沒有早期學(xué)術(shù)研究的語言2.Anthropologicallinguistics9Relativetosociology,whichismainlyfocusedonthesocialgroupsofEuropeanandEuropeanizedcommunitiesandconcernedwiththeirformationandnteraction,anthropologiststendtoconcentrateonculturesremotefromthoseoffamiliarEuropeanndustrializedcommunities.withparticularreferencestotheformandorganizationofdifferentculturesItisindealingwithdistantandprimitivecultures,andwithlargelyunknownandhithertounstudiedlanguagesthattheanthropologistandlinguistcancomeclosesttogether.Whereworkersareinevitablyfew,andthelanguagesandpeoplesaremany,ourknowledgemaydependonthereportsandanalysesofoneor,atleast,ofasmallnumberofscholarsRelativetosociology,whichi10宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件11宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件12宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件13宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件14宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件15宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件16宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件17宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件18宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件19宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件20宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件21宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件22宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件23宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件24宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件25宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件26宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件27宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件28宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件29宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件30宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件31宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件32宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件33宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件34宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件35宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件36宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件37宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件38宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件39宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件40宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件41宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件42宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件43宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件44宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件45宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件46宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件47宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件48宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件49宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件50宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件51宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件52宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件53宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件54宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件55宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件56宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件57宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件58宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件59宏觀語言學(xué)-終結(jié)版課件60Macrolinquistics宋丹丹林亞麗孔魯曉羅曼張玲玉Macrolinquistics61MacrolinguisticsLinguisticsandanthropologySociolinguisticsPsycholinguisticsComputationallinguisticsAndsoonMacrolinguistics62Linguisticsandanthropology語言學(xué)和人類學(xué)Providedby宋丹丹Linguisticsandanthropology63LinguisticsanthropologyInterdisciplinarylinksbetweenpologyandlinguIsticsresearchobjectresearchtool2.Anthropological3.SchoolsrepresentativesLinguistics641.Interdisciplinarylinksbetweenanthropologyandlinguistics1.1Languageisoneoftheresearchobjectofanthropology1.2Languageisoneoftheresearchtoolsofanthropology1.3culture,asaanthropologicalconceptprovideamorecomprehensivedescriptionoflanguage1.Interdisciplinarylinksbet651.1LanguageisoneoftheresearchobjectofanthropologyAnthropology:anthropologyisrecognizedsocialsciencewithtwobroadfields,physicalanthropologyandculturalanthropologyCultural:Thistermistakenfromthetechnicalvocabularyofanthropology,whereinitembracestheentirewayoflife(obviously,languageisapartthere)ofmembersofacommunityinsofarasitisconditionedbythatmembershipSo,languageisincludedintheanthropology,whichattemptstobeallinclusivethestudyofhumanbehaviorinallplacesandthroughouttime,isoneoftheresearchobjectofanthropology.1.1Languageisoneoftheres661.2Languageisoneoftheresearchtoolsofanthropology1.2.1Eachspeechcommunitylivesinasomewhatdifferentworldfromthatofothersandthatthesedifferencesarebothrealizedinpartsoftheirlanguages1.2.2Itisclearlypossibletoarriveatsomedescriptionofapeoplesculturewithoutlearninganythingoftheiringuage,butonemaysurmisethatadescriptionofculturethathadinvolvedsomeacquaintancewiththelanguageorlanguagesofthatculturewillbeincertainimportantrespectsmorepenetratingandrevealing1.2Languageisoneoftheres671.3Culture,asaanthropologicalconceptprovideamorecomprehensivedescriptionoflanguageadescriptionofalanguagebysomeonewhohasmadeuseofsomeknowledgeoftherestofthecultureofitsspeakerswillprovideamorecomprehensiveaccountoftheworkingofthelanguagewithinthecommunityasasymboliccommunicativesystemForexample,ifthelinguistwishestodealatallindetailwithsemanticswithinhisdescription,recoursetosomeculturalknowledgeofthecommunitymaybeaprerequisiteifhisstatementsofmeaning,inimportantspheresofthevocabularyaretoriseabovethesuperficiallyobviousandnottobeconfinedtolistingthenearestone-wordtranslationrenderings1.3Culture,asaanthropologi682.AnthropologicallinguisticsAnthropologicallinguisticsisacrosssubjectofanthropologyandlinguistics,whichworkamongsuchlanguages,wherethereisatotalabsenceofwrittenrecords.andanalmosttotalabsenceotpriorscholarship人類語言學(xué)用人類學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)研究語言學(xué),是人類學(xué)和語言學(xué)的交叉學(xué)科,重點(diǎn)研究那些毫無文字記載的,幾乎沒有早期學(xué)術(shù)研究的語言2.Anthropologicallinguistics69Relativetosociology,whichismainlyfocusedonthesocialgroupsofEuropeanandEuropeanizedcommunitiesandconcernedwiththeirformationandnteraction,anthropologiststendtoconcentrateonculturesremotefromthoseoffamiliarEuropeanndustrializedcommunities.withparticularreferencestotheformandorganizationofdifferentculturesItisindealingwithdistantandprimitivecultures,andwithlargelyunknownandhithertounstudiedlanguagesthattheanthropologistandlinguistcancomeclosesttogether.Whereworkersareinevitablyfew,andthelanguagesandpeoplesaremany