exp1-updated lj microscopy and cell cycle生命科學(xué)綜合實驗Ⅰ

實驗 光學(xué)顯微鏡的使用及細(xì)胞融實驗 骨髓干細(xì)胞的培養(yǎng)與定向分

66學(xué)實驗 分光光度計使用（蛋白質(zhì)含量測定，堿性磷酸 常實驗實驗的測定層離心（單個核細(xì)胞的分離，B淋巴細(xì)胞的鑒定6學(xué)66學(xué)實驗電泳（SDS電泳6實驗ACE多態(tài)性檢6實驗臨床生化實驗－正常大鼠和大鼠血糖血脂測6學(xué)考試3成績：實驗報告80%，出勤和課堂表現(xiàn)15%，其他形式的考試（筆試5%）實驗報告的書寫實驗實驗原理（簡單明了實驗步驟（簡單明了，如流程圖實驗結(jié)果（詳細(xì)，包含原始數(shù)據(jù)實驗實驗報告上交時間：提前一周的新實驗開實驗報告的評分LabreportsmustbewrittenbyeachgroupwillresultinagradeofzerofortheForprocedures:simpleandclear,mustbeconsistantwiththerealconditionyouhavedoneinclass.Forresults:originaldata,anyalterations,mistakesorcorrectionsmustbeincluded.Diagramsandflowchartsare ForExplainyourresults(includeexplanationofunpredictedorinconsistentresults)andwhatyouthinktheresultsmean.Drawageneralconclusionaboutyourresults.WhatwouldyouchangeifyouweretodotheexperimentAnswerthought生化實驗的基 要實驗課是學(xué)生理論聯(lián)系實際，應(yīng)用知識、訓(xùn)練實驗技能，培養(yǎng)科學(xué)求實精神及謹(jǐn)學(xué)風(fēng)的重要教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)，每個學(xué)生都必須重 地上好實驗課進 必須穿著白大褂不無 、早退，不亂 ，不亂倒試液，不吃東西，不喧嘩打鬧要愛 公物，使用儀器設(shè)備須經(jīng)教師同意，實驗中如發(fā)現(xiàn)儀器設(shè)備運行常，應(yīng) 告教師處理。實驗結(jié)束時，所用儀器設(shè)備經(jīng)教師檢查后方可離開嚴(yán)格按實驗步驟要求行驗數(shù)實驗報告、數(shù)據(jù)處理現(xiàn)象分析都獨立完成禁虛 、 人報按時上交實驗報告。使用煤氣加熱應(yīng)有人照看。使用水、電、煤氣后應(yīng)立即關(guān)閉。離開時應(yīng)注意檢查儀器設(shè)備、水、電、煤氣及其它可燃?xì)怏w是否關(guān)閉妥當(dāng)，藥品是實驗結(jié)束要值日，做清潔衛(wèi)生ExperimentOrdinaryopticalYing-YuDivisionofcellbiologyDepartmentofRegenerativemedicineTongjiUniversitySchoolofmedicine: Results ThoughtKnowledge③usageskillsofAbility

②workingprinciplesof④BiologicaldrawingMoral①polite;②team-workingspirit;③selfcaretheirthingsKeyanddifficultpointsforKey①microscope②workingprincipleof③methodstousingmicroscope④powerormagnificationofanordinaryopticalDifficult①understandtheworkingprincipleof②findaclearimageofsomeobjectrapidlyunder③drawacellamplifiedunder(I)Structuresof①②①②③⑧⑦⑥⑨④⑤

AnyopticallensmadeoftransparentmaterialorglasswithcurvedsurfacecanobjectamplifyingandModernopticalmicroscopeusuallyadoptstwo-stageamplification, plishedbyimage,whichthenwillbefurtheramplifiedsecond-stagebyeyelensintoinvertedvirtualimage,ortheimagecaughtbyhumaneyes.Anobjectivelenswithveryshortfocallength(oftenafewmm)isusedtoformamagnifiedrealimageoftheobject,thenoftheeyepiece,usuallyacompoundlenswithonecomponentlensnearthefrontandtheothernearthebackoftheeyepiecetube,thefirstlensbringtherealimagetoafocusbetweenthetwolensesoftheeyepieceandthesecondlensenabletheeyetofocusonthevirtualimage.Totalmagnification=objectivelensmagnification×eyelens(II)Workingvirtual (II)Working eyepieceTotalmagnification=objectivelensmagnification×eyelens【PrincipleMagnification:thedegreeofenlargementoftheimageoftheobject.Totalmagnification=objectivelensmagnification×eyelensmagnificationResolvingpower(λ/2NA)istheabilityofanopticalmicroscopetoshowtwoobjectsasseparate.Itisininverseproportiontothewavelengthofsubstance,andindirectproportiontothenumericalaperture(NA).Contrastistheabilitytodeterminesameparticulardetailofspecimenagainstitsbackground.AdjustmentofcondenserorstainingthespecimenwithdyesmayincreasetheMagnificationOcularTotalLowHighCharactersforstandardCorrespondingtofocallengthsofabout40mmto2mm,anddistancesfrom7mmto0.2mm,Objectivelenseswithhighermagnificationsnormallyhaveahighernumericalapertureandashorterdepthoffieldintheresultingimage.Numericalaperture(NA)isproportionaltorefractiveindexof(數(shù)值孔徑與介質(zhì)折射率成正比MicroOcularmicrometer：aroundslide,inthemiddleofslide,a5mmlengthisequallydividedinto50parts,ora10mmlengthisequallydividedinto100parts.Stagemicrometer：aslidewithaccuratebisectrixinthemiddle.Usually,1mmisequallydividedinto100parts,andwith10μm(0.01mm)inlength，whichisusedtocorrectocularmicrometer.Correctingocular目微尺微尺每小格長度

ThephysicallengthofthemarksonthescaleonthedegreeofMitosisGeneralMakesureallbackpacksandjunkareoutofthePlugyourmicroscopeintothepowerAlwaysstartandendwiththeScanningObjective.Donotremoveslideswiththehighpowerobjectiveintoplace-thiswillscratchtheAlwayswrapelectriccordsandcovermicroscopesbeforereturningthemtothecabinet.MicroscopesshouldbestoredwiththeScanningObjectiveclickedintoplace.AlwayscarrymicroscopesbythearmandsetthemflatonyourFocusingAlwaysstartwiththescanningobjective.Oddsare,youwillbeabletoseesomethingonthissetting.UsetheCoarseKnobtofocus,imagemaybesmallatthismagnification,butyouwon'tbeabletofinditonthehigherpowerswithoutthisfirststep.Donotusestageclips,trymovingtheslidearounduntilyoufindsomething.Onceyou'vefocusedonScanning,switchtoLowPower.UsetheCoarseKnobtoAgain,ifyouhaven'tfocusedonthislevel,youwillnotbeabletomovetothenextNowswitchtoHighPower.(Ifyouhaveathickslide,oraslidewithoutacover,doNOTusethehighpowerobjective).Atthispoint,ONLYusetheFineAdjustmentKnobtofocusIfthespecimenistoolightortoodark,tryadjustingtheIfyouseealineinyourviewingfield,trytwistingtheeyepiece,thelineshouldmove.That'sbecauseit’sapointer,andisusefulforpointingoutthingstoyourlabpartnerorDrawingUseHBpencil-youcaneraseandshadeAlldrawingsshouldincludeclearandproperlabels(andbelargeenoughtoviewdetails).Drawingsshouldbelabeledwiththespecimennameandmagnification.Labelsshouldbewrittenontheoutsideofthecircleandatthesamesideasyoucanaspossible.Thecircleindicatestheviewingfieldasseenthroughtheeyepiece,specimensshouldbedrawntoscale–i.e.ifyourspecimentakesupthewholeviewingfield,makesureyourdrawingreflectsthat.Shadeareasshouldbedenselyorsparselydottedwithpencilcarefully,notcommaordotwithtail.UseunlinedwhitepaperandasharpHBIncludeFigure#:TitleandLabeldrawingofthefieldofview. Labelontherightusingstraightlineswhichshouldnever ameofWriteMagnificationyouwereviewingwhenyoudrewtheorganism:ocularXLetter“a”mountingBlue-redwoolmountinglongitudinalsectionsoffrogkidney pinalcordSmoothmusclecellmountingMitosismountingofCells(2n=16)ofroottipofonionMitosismountingoffertilizedeggs(2n=4)ofhorseOrdinaryopticalLensabsorbentcedarRootelongationmeristematicroot

MitosisinPlantLongitudinalsectionsofonion Figure1.7MitosisinonionroottipMitosisinanimalMitosisinanimalMitosisinzygotesofhorse (laterl

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ComparisonofcelldivisionbetweencellsandanimalcellcellCytokinesisinanimal CytokinesisinplantTask1:observeword“a”First,observeitssizeandlocationontheslidebynakedPutthe“a”slideunderthelowamplificationlens,payattentiontothedifferencefromwhatyouseebyyournakedObservetheoppositedirectionofmovementwhenyouseethe“a”underthemicroscopeandbyyournakedeyes.Task2:preparationandobservationofhumanmucosaepithelialhumanhumanbuccalmucosaepithelial表1- 目鏡測微目尺校正結(jié)物鏡 目微尺格數(shù) 臺微尺格數(shù) 目微尺校正值(um)10X40X：表1- 人口腔粘膜上皮細(xì)胞大小測定記 （格

平均結(jié)果計算長μm＝均格數(shù)×校正值寬μm＝平均格數(shù)×校正值大小表示μmμm=Task3:ObservechromosomecharacteristicsduringdifferentphasesofcellExaminepreparedslidesofbothonionroottipsandroundwormblastula.Locatethemeristematicregionoftheonion,orlocatethezygoteswiththe10×objective,andthenusethe40×objectivetostudyindividualcells.ObservecellsindifferentphasesofTrytoconsolidatethedistinctivefeaturesofeachTrytoestimatethenumberofchromosomesofthisFindacellundergoingResultsandResult:Draw(1)Whichpartoftherootwaschosenforobservingmitosis?ImageistooAdjustthediaphragm,makesureyourlightisThere’saspotinmyviewingfield,evenwhenImovetheslide,thestaysinthesameYourlensisdirty.Uselenspaper,andonlylenspapertocarefullycleantheandocularlens.TheocularlenscanberemovedtocleantheIcan’tseeanythingunderhighRememberthestep,ifyoucan’tfocusunderscanningandthenl