2015年全國(guó)高考英語試題及答案

試卷類型2015 年普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試（卷 注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的、考生號(hào)、試室2B語言知識(shí)及應(yīng)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分完形填空（15230分閱讀下其大1~15各題所AB、CD項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Howlongcanhumanbeingslive?Mostscientistswhostudyoldagethinkthatthehumanbodyis1tolivenolongerthan120years.However,110yearsisprobablythelongestthatanyonecouldhopetolive——ifheorsheis2healthyandlucky.Somescientistsevensaywecanliveaslongas130years!Yet,ourcellssimplycannotcontinuetoreproduce3.Theywearout,andasaresult,wegetoldand4die.Eventhoughwecan’tliveforever,wearelivinga5lifethaneverbefore.In1900,theaverageAmericanlifespan()wasonly47years,buttodayitis75years!Whendoesoldagebeginthen?Sixty-fivemaybeout-of-dateasthe6linebetweenmiddleageandoldage.Afterall,manyolderpeopledon’tbegintoexperiencephysicaland7untilafteragePeoplearelivinglongerbecausemorepeople8childhood.Beforemodernmedicinechangedthelawsofnature,manychildrendiedofcommonchildhood9.Nowthatthechancesofdying10aremuchlower,thechancesoflivinglongaremuchhigherduetobetterdietsandhealthcare.Onthewhole,ourpopulationisgettingolder.The11inourpopulationwillhavelastingeffectsonoursocialdevelopmentandourwayoflife.Somepeoplefearsuchchangeswillbefortheworse,whilesomesee12,notdisaster,manymenandwomenintheir“goldenyears”arehealthy,stillactive,andyoungin13ifnotinage.Asthesocietygrowsold,weneedthe14ofouroldercitizens.Withlonglivesaheadofthem,theyneedto15activeanddevoted.1.A.B.C.D.2.A. B.C.D.3.A.B.C.D. 4.A.B.C.D. 5.A.B.C.D.6.A.B.C.D.7.A.B.C.D.8.A.B.C.D.9.A.B.C.D.10.A.B.C.D.11.A.B.C.D.12.A.B.C.D.13.A.B.C.D.14.A.B.C.D.15.A.B.C.D.語法填空（101.515分閱讀下面短文,按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求,在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語的正確形式填空,16-25的相應(yīng)位置上。Mr.Johnsonlivedinthewoodswithhiswifeandchildren.Heowned16farm,whichlookedalmostabandoned.17(lucky),healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.Hesoldorexchangedsomeofthemilkinthetownsnearly18otherfoodandmadecheeseandbutterforthefamilywithwhat19(leave).Thecowwastheironlymeansofsupport,infact.Oneday,thecowwaseatinggrass20itbegantorainheavily.Whilemakinggreateffortstorunaway,she21(fall)overthehillanddied.ThentheJohnsontriedtomakealiving22thecow.Inordertosupporthisfamily,Mr.Johnsonbegantoplantherbsandvegetables.Sincetheplantstookawhiletogrow,hestartedcuttingdowntrees23(sell)thewood.Thinkingabouthischildren’sclothes,hestartedgrowingcottontoo.Whenharvestcamearound,hewasalreadysellingherbs,vegetablesandcottoninthemarket24peoplefromthetownmetregularly.Nowitoccurredto25thathisfarmhadmuchpotentialandthatthedeathofthecowwasabitofluck.閱讀（共兩節(jié)，25題，滿分50分閱讀理解（20240分A、B、CD項(xiàng)中，選出最A(yù)Peterlovedtoshopusedarticles.Almostamonthago,heboughtpopularwordgamethatusedlittlepiecesofwoodwithdifferentlettersonthem.Ashewaspurchasingit,thesalesgirlsaid,“Uh,look,thegameboxhaven’tevenbeenopenedyet.Thatmightbeworthsomemoney.”Peterexaminedthebox,and,sureenough,itwascompleycoveredinfactory-sealedAndhesawadateof1973onthebackofthe“Youshouldputthatupforauction(拍賣)ontheInternet,andseewhathappens.”thesalesgirlsaid.“Yes,you’reright.Peoplelikesomethingrare.”Peteragreed,“Ican’timaginetherebeingverymanyunopenedboxesofthisgamestillaround40yearslater.”“Don’tforgettolmeifyousellit.”thesalesgirlsd.“Noproblem.”Petersaid.Afterhegothome,Peterwentonlinetoseveralauctionwebsiteslookingforhisgame.Buthecouldn’tfindit.ThenhetypedinthenameofthewordgameandhitSearch.Thesearchresultwas543websitescontaininginformationaboutthechangesofthegame.Overtheyears,thegamehadbeenproducedusinglettersindifferentsizesandgamsindifferentcolors.Healsofoundsomelistsofgamefanslookingforvariousversionsofthegame.Peteredsomeofthem,lingthemwhatheTwoweekslater,Peterwentbacktothe“o.DoyoustillremembertheunopenedwordThesalesgirllookedathimforasecond,thenrecognizedhimandsaid,“Oh,“I’vegotsomethingforyou,”Petersaid.“Isoldthegameandmade$1,000.Thankyouforyoursuggestion.”Hehandedherthree$100bills.“Wow!”thesalesgirlcriedout.“Thankyou,IneverexpectedWhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPeter’swordItwasmadearound40yearsIthadgamsindifferentItwaskeptinaplasticbagwithaIthadlittlepiecesofwoodindifferentWhatdidthesalesgirlprobablythinkofPeter’swordOldandRareandClassicandColorfulandPetergotthenamesofthegamefansfrom antheagamethesecond-handWhathappened ofthePetergavethegirl$300asaThesalesgirlbecamePeter’sPeterreturnedthewordgamefor$ThesalesgirlfeltconfusedtoseePeterWhatisthemainthemeoftheIt’simportanttokeepaIt’sgreattoshareinotherpeople’sWeshouldbegratefulforthehelpfromSomethingrareisworthalargeamountofBWhenIwasnineyearsold,Ilovedtogofishingwithmydad.Buttheonlythingthatwasn’tveryfunaboutitwasthathecouldcatanyfishwhileIcouldn’tcatchanything.Iusuallygotprettyupsetandkeptaskinghimwhy.Healwaysanswered,“Son,ifyouwanttocatchafish,youhavetothinklikeafish”,Irememberbeingevenmoreupsetthenbecause,“I’mnotafish!”Ididn’tknowhowtothinklikeafish.Besides,Ireasoned,howcouldwhatIthinkinfluencewhatafishdoes?AsIgotalittleolderIbegantounderstandwhatmydadreallymeantSo,Ireadsomebooksonfish.AndIevenjoinedthelocalfishingclubandstartedattendingthemonthlymeetings.Ilearnedthatafishisacold-bloodedanimalandthereforeisverysensitivetowatertemperature.Thatiswhyfishprefershallowwatertodeepwaterbecausetheformeriswarmer.Besides,waterisusuallywarmerindirectsunlightthanintheshade.Yet,fishdon’thaveanyeyelids(眼皮)andthesunhutstheireyesThemoreIunderstoodfish,themoreIbecameeffectiveatfindingandcatchingthem..WhenIgrewupandenteredthebusinessworld,Irememberhearingmyfirstbosssay,“Weallneedtothinklikesalespeople.”Butitdidn’tcompleymakesense.Mydadneveroncesaid,“Ifyouwanttocatchafishyouneedtothinklikeafisherman.”Whathesaidwas,“Youneedtothinklikeafish.”Yearslater,withgreateffortstopromotelong-termservicestopeoplemucholderandricherthanme,Igraduallylearnedwhatweallneedistothinkmorelikecustomers.Itisnotaneasyjob.Iwillshowyouhowinthefollowingchapters.WhywastheauthorupsetinfishingtripswhenhewasHecouldnotcatchaHisfatherwasnotpatientwithHisfatherdidnotteachhimHecouldnotinfluenceafishashisfatherWhatdidtheauthor’sfatherreallyToreadaboutTolearnfishingbyTounderstandwhatfishTostudyfishinginmanyAccordingtotheauthor,fisharemostlikelytobefound indeepwateronsunnyindeepwateroncloudyinshallowwaterunderinshallowwaterunderwatersideAfterenteringthebusinessworld,theauthorfound iteasytothinklikeahisfather’sfishingadvicehisfirstboss’ssalesideasitdifficulttosellservicestopoorThispassagemostlikelycomesfrom afishingapopularsalesanovelonamillionaire’sCDanielAnderson,afamouspsychologist,believesit’simportanttodistinguishevision’sinfluencesonchildrenfromthoseofthefamily.WetendtoblameTV,hesays,forproblemsitdoesn’treallycause,overlookingourownrolesinshachildren’sminds.Onetraditionalbeliefaboutevisionisthatitreducesachild’sabilitytothinkandunderstandtheworld.Whilewatchinchildrendonotmerelyabsorbwordsandimages(影像).Instead,theylearnbothexplicitandhiddenmeaningsfromwhattheysee.Actually,childrenlearnearlythepsychologyofcharactersinTVshows.Furthermore,asmanyteachersagree,childrenunderstandfarmorewhenparentswatchTVwiththem,explainingnewwordsandideas.Yet,mostparentsuseaneducationalprogramasachancetoparktheirkidsinfrontofthesetanddosomethinginanotherAnotherargumentagainstevisionisthatitreplacesreadingasaformofentertainment.ButaccordingtoAnderson,theamountoftimespentwatchingevisionisnotrelatedtoreadingability.TVdoesn’ttaketheplaceofreadingformostchildren;ittakestheplaceofsimilarsortsofrecreation,suchaslisteningtotheradioandplayingsports.Thingslikeparents’educationalbackgroundhaveastrongerinfluenceonachild’sreading.“Achild’sreadingabilityisbestpredictedbyhowmuchaparentreads.”Andersonsays.Traditionalwisdomalsohasitthatheavyevision-watchinglowersIQ(智商)scoresandaffectsschoolperformance.Buthere,too,Andersonnotesthatnostudieshaveprovedit.Infact,researchsuggeststhatit’stheotherwayaround.“Ifyou’resmartyoung,you’llwatchlessTVwhenyou’reolder,”Andersonsays.Yet,peopleoflowerIQtendtobelifelongevisionviewers.Foryearsresearchershaveattemptedtoshowthatevisionisdangeroustochildren.However,byshowingthatevisionpromotesnoneofthedangerouseffectsasconventionallybelieved,AndersonsuggeststhatevisioncannotbecondemnedwithoutconsideringotherBy childrenlearn imagesthroughmorethanexplicitmoreaboutimagesthanlittleaboutpeople’sAneducationalprogramisbestwatchedbyachild onhiswithotherwithhiswithhisWhichofthefollowingismostrelatedtochildren’sreadingParents’readingParents’educationalAndersonbelievedthat themoreachildwatchesTV,thesmarterhetheyoungerachildis,themorehewatchesthesmarterachildis,thelesslikelyhegetsaddictedtothelessachildwatchesTV,thebetterheperformsatWhatisthemainpurposeoftheToadviseontheeducationaluseofTodescribeTV’sharmfuleffectsonToexplaintraditionalviewsonTVDItwasoncecommontoregardBritainasasocietywithclassdistinction.Eachclasshaduniquecharacteristics.Inrecentyears,manywritershavebeguntospeakthe'declineofclass'and'classlesssociety'inBritain.Andinmoderndayconsumersocietyeveryoneisconsideredtobemiddleclass.Butpronouncingthedeathofclassistooearly.Arecentwide-rangingsocietyofpublicopinionfound90percentofpeoplestillplacingthemselvesinparticularclass;73percentagreedthatclasswasstillavitalpartofBritishsociety;and52percentthoughttherewerestillsharpclassdifferences.Thus,classmaynotbeculturallyandpoliticallyobvious,yetitremainsanimportantpartofBritishsociety.Britainseemstohavealoveofstratification.Oneunchangingaspectofa 'sclasspositionisaccent.Thewordsspeakslherorhisclass.AstudyofBritishaccentsduring1970sfoundthatavoicesoundinglikeaBBCnewsreaderwasviewedasthemostattractivevoice,Mostpeoplesaidthisaccentsounded'educated'and'soft'.Theaccentsplacedatthebottominthisstudy,ontheotherhand,wereregional（地區(qū)的）cityaccentsTheseaccentswereseenascommon'andugly'.HoweverasimilarstudyofBritishaccentsintheUSturnedtheseresultsupsidedownandplacedsomeregionalaccentsasthemostattractiveandBBCEnglishastheleast.ThissuggeststhatBritishattitudestowardsaccenthavedeeprootsandarebasedonclassprejudice.Inrecentyears,however,younguppermiddle-classpeopleinLondon,havebeguntoadoptsomeregionalaccents,inordertohidetheirclassorigins.Thisisanindicationof unnoticed.However,the1995popsong'CommonPeople'putsforwardtheviewthatthougha may'wanttolivelikecommonpeople'theycanneverappreciatetherealityofaworking-classlife.ArecentstudyofpublicopinionshowsthatinmodernBritain itistimetoendclassmostpeoplebelongtomiddleitiseasytorecognizea’speopleregardthemselvessociallyThewordstratificationinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto mostpeoplebelongtomiddleThestudyintheUSshowedthatBBCEnglishwasregardedas Britishattitudestowardsaccent havealongarebasedonregionalaresharedbythehavechangedinrecentWhatisthemainideaoftheThemiddleclassis ’saccentreflectshisClassisakeypartofBritishEachclasshasunique信息匹配（5210分 ANightofGlamorandIntrigueatShanghaiBundin1930TocelebrateAsiaheritagemonth,TrendyNewFeaturingadaptationsfromChineseisproudtopresent“CheongsamNightout--AWesternclassic,includingworkswithCheongsambeautiesinShanghaiBund May16,9:00PM-May17,12:00AM.composerTanDun,theBeijingGuitar330West40thStreet,NewYork.NYteamedupwithCubanguitarManuelBarrueco(right)foraChinaConcertattheNewYorkHistoricalonApril ChineseFamilyJoinusasactressTinaChenrecountsthestoryofthreegenerationsofhermother’sGreatshorts---NEWandtheircontributionstothehistoryofAphotographyexhibitionheldbyMediatocelebrateitsfoundinginFriday,May8,6:30PM--YorkCityonApril24,featuringChinaemergingChinesephotographers;125East65thStreet,NewYork,NYMichaelShi,HaiyinLinandLimingwhoseworkshaveappearedinsuchasVogue,ELLE,TheNewTimesandPassingonPassingontheKunquArt:FromMastertoDisciplesKunquSociety,theclassicalChinesetheaterwhichcombinessinging,dancingandactingliteraryworksbymastersofMingThefirstsessionoftheChinaInstituteinQingDynasties,performingshortcourseBeijing:TheCityThroughfoursignatureplaysofKunquArchitectureopensonWednesday.NancyJiqingZhangtoAmericanSteinhardtdiscussestheForbiddenCitySunday,April19,2:00PM,MillerTheatreatColumbiaEdwardLeonardoNorton,connoisseurofChineseandJapaneseantiques.HehasastronginterestinclassicalChineseliteraryworks.HeevenstartsgoingtoeveningclassestolearnclassicalChineseatColumbiaUniversity.DaphneSui-yuanTan,formerdirectorofNationalAssociationofPhotographers.AfterreadingsomehistorybooksonhowthefirstgroupofChineseimmigrantssurvivedinAmericaofthe19thcentury,shehas ekeenonherownfamily