跨文化交際期末考試題

跨文化交際期末考試題I.context：P49.noise:P543.interculturalcommunication：communicationbetweenpeoplewhoseculturalperceptionsandsymbolsystemsaredistinctenoughtoalterthecommunicationevent.4.individualism:P99.collectivism:P99.high-contextculture：P110acultureinwhichmeaningisnotnecessarilycontainedinwords.Informationisprovidedthroughgestures,theuseofspace,andevensilence..low-contextculture：P110acultureinwhichthemajorityoftheinformationisvestedintheexplicitcode..verbalcommunication：communicationdonebothorallyandinwrittenlanguage.nonverbalcommunication：involvesallnonverbalstimuliinacommunicationsettingthatisgeneratedbyboththesourceandhisorheruseoftheenvironmentandthathaspotentialmessagevalueforthesourceorreceiver.Answerthefollowingquestions(?“)Whatistheculture,andwhatarethecharacteristicsoftheculture?P45whatthebehaviorandcustomsmeantothepeoplewhoarefollowingthem.What’stherelationshipbetweencultureandlanguage?Cultureinfluenceslanguagebywayofsymbolsandrulesforusingthosesymbols,aswellasourperceptionsoftheuniverse(themeaningassociatedwiththesymbols).Language,ontheotherhand,wouldseemtohaveamajorimpactonthewayanindividualperceivesandconceptualizestheworld.HowdoJapanesepeoplerefuse?P135HowdoChineseandwesternpeoplerespondtoothers'compliment?P162Whatkindsofnonverbalcommunicationareoftenusedinourdailycommunication?P191Whatarethefunctionsofthenonverbalcommunication?P218WhatarethedifferencesonreceivinggiftsbetweenChineseandwesterner?IntheWest,itisregardedaspolitetoopengiftsassoonastheyaregiventoexpressappreciation.InChina,thesituationisquitethereverse.NormallyweChinesefeelthatifyouopenthegiftassoonasitisgiven,youmightembarrassthepersonwhogivesthegiftandyoumightbethoughtgreedy.Therefore,Chinesepeopletendtoopenthegiftsafterthevisitorshaveleft.InChina,manypeoplesendgiftswithoutwrappingthem,andiftheywrapthem,theyusuallytellthereceiverwhatisinside,andthereceiverwillthankthesenderandputthegiftasidewithoutunwrappingthemsincetheyalreadyknowwhatisinside.Englishreceiversopenthegiftsinfrontofthesendersofthegifts.DescribethedifferentwaysinshowinghospitalitybetweenChinesecultureandwesternculture.Chineseguestsalwaysrefuseofferofdrinksorfoodtodemonstratepolitenessinseemingnottowishtoputtheirhosttoanytrouble.Sometimesanofferisnotarealofferbutapoliteremark.Afterwesay'no',weusuallywaitforthesecondandthirdoffer.Ifthehostjustbringsthefoodordrinkandignores'no',weillacceptit.Chineseliketopresstheirgueststodrinkoreattoshowtheirhospitality.Whilewesternersalwaysacceptorrefuseofferofdrinksorfoodverygenuinely.Theirrefusalisacceptedasgenuine.Westernersdon'ttopress.Topresspeopletohavefoodordrinkaftertheyhaverefusedisfrowneduponandcancauseembarrassments.III.CaseAnalysis(Youarerequiredtostateculturalphenomenonineachcase)Case1LiLanhadanAmericanfriendSusan.TheyusuallyhadlunchtogetherandLiLanoftenaskedSusanforadviceonproblemsshefacedadjustingtoAmericansociety.SusangaveLiLanalotofadviceandhelpedhertoimproveherEnglish.OnceLiLanneededurgentlyabigsumofmoneytopayhertuitionfee.SinceshehasnootherfriendsintheStates,sheturnedtoSusanforhelpandpromisedthatshewouldreturnthemoneysoon.ToLiLan’sgreatdisappointment,thistimeSusandidn’tseemhappytolendthemoneytoher.ThoughLiLanreturnedthemoneyasshepromised,theydidn,tgetalongwellfromthenon.Question:WhydidLiLanfeelunpleasant?LiLanaskedtoborrowmoneyfromherAmericanfriendSusan,whichisrarelypartofWesternfriendship.LiLanandSusanhavedifferentexpectationsoffriendship.IntheWest,peopleprefertobeindependentandequalratherthandependent,sotheydon'tfeelcomfortableinarelationshipinwhichonepersongivesmoreandtheotherpersonisdependentonwhatisgiven.Amongfriendstheymostlyprovideemotionalsupporttoeachotherandspendtimetogether,sotheyrarelyborroworlendmoneytoeachother.Theywouldaskforaloanfromthebankratherthanfromtheirfriends.WhileinChina,peopleexpecttheirfriendstobeloyaltoeachother,andtheyeventakerisksfortheirfriends.Sotheywouldgivenotonlyemotionalsupporttoeachotherbut