相關(guān)-單片機(jī)學(xué)習(xí)picc庫函數(shù)詳解

PICCPICC提要：C語言定義以及定義函數(shù)的頭文件。ABS函提#include<stdlib.h>intabs(intj)描abs(j例#include<stdio.h>#include<stdlib.h>main{inta=-printf("Theabsolutevalueof%dis}jACOS函提#include<math.h>doubleacos(doublef)描例#include<math.h>#includemain{floatfor(i=-1.0，i<1.0；i+=0.1){a=acos(i)*180.0/3.141592；printf("acos(%f)=%f}}參sin()，cos()，tan()，asin()，atan()，atan2(0。ASCTIME函提#includechar*asctime(structtm*描asctime()t從上structtm結(jié)構(gòu)體中獲得時(shí)間，返回描述當(dāng)前日期和時(shí)SunSep1601:03:52當(dāng)前時(shí)間，通過localtime()函數(shù)將其轉(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)structtm指針，最后轉(zhuǎn)換成ASCII碼并打印出來。其中，time()函數(shù)需要用戶提供（參閱time()函數(shù)。例#include<stdio.h>#include<time.h>main{time_tclock；structtm*tp；

tp=}參ctime()，gmtime()，localtime()，time(注意：由于編譯器不提供time()例行程序，故在本例程中它需要由用戶提供。參照time()函structtminttm_sec；inttm_min；inttm_hour；inttm_mday；inttm_mon；inttm_year；inttm_wday；inttm_yday；inttm_isdst；ASIN函提#include<math.h>doubleasin(doublef)描asin()函數(shù)是sin()的反函數(shù)。它的函數(shù)參數(shù)在[-1，1]區(qū)間內(nèi)，返回一個(gè)用弧度表示例#include<math.h>#include<stdio.h>main{floatfor(i=-1.0；i<1.0；i+=0.1){a=asin(i)*180.0/3.141592；printf("asin(%f)=%f}}參sin()，cos()，tan()，acos()，atan()，atan2(ATAN函提#include<math.h>doubleatan(doublex)描例#include<stdio.h>#include<math.h>main{}參sin()，cos()，tan()，asin()，acos()，atan2(ATAN2函提#includedoubleatan2(doubley，double描例#include<stdio.h>#include<math.h>main{}參sin()，cos()，tan()，asin()，acos()，atan(提#includedoubleatof(constchar*描例#include<stdlib.h>#include<stdio.h>main{charbuf[80]；doublei；i=printf("Read%s:convertedto}參atoi()，atol(ATOI函提#includeintatoi(constchar*描atoi()函數(shù)掃描傳遞過來的字符串，跳過開頭的空格并其符號;然后將一個(gè)十例#include<stdlib.h>#include<stdio.h>main{charbuf[80]；inti；i=printf("Read%s:convertedto}參xtoi()，atof()，atol(ATOL函提#includelongatol(constchar*描atol()函數(shù)掃描傳遞過來的字符串，并跳過字符串開頭的空格；然后將十進(jìn)制數(shù)的例#include<stdlib.h>#include<stdio.h>main{charbuf[80]；longi；i=printf("Read%s:convertedto}參atoi()，atof(CEIL函提#include<math.h>doubleceil(doublef)描ff例#include<stdio.h>#include<math.h>main{doublej；printf("Theceilingof%lfis}COS函提#include<math.h>doublecos(doublef)描例#include<math.h>#include<stdio.h>#defineC3.141592/180.0main{doublefor(i=0；i<=180.0；i+=printf("sin(%3.0f)=%f，cos=}參sin()，tan()，asin()，acos()，atan()，atan2(COSH、SINH、TANH函提#includedoublecosh(doublef)doublesinh(doublef)doubletanh(double描這些函數(shù)都是cos，sin和tan例#include<stdio.h>#include<math.h>main{}cosh(函數(shù)返回雙曲余弦值，sinh函數(shù)返回雙曲正弦值，tanhCTIME函提#includechar*ctime(time_t*描ctime函數(shù)將函數(shù)參數(shù)所指的時(shí)間轉(zhuǎn)換成字符串，其結(jié)構(gòu)與asctime函數(shù)所描述的例#include<stdio.h>#include<time.h>main{time_tclock；}參gmtime()，localtime()，asctime()，time(注意：由于編譯器不會提供time()程序，故它需要由用戶給定。參閱time()函數(shù)typedeflong提#include<pic.h>voidei(void)voiddi(void)描以下例程將說明ei()函數(shù)和di()函數(shù)在一個(gè)長整型變量時(shí)的應(yīng)用由于中斷服務(wù)程序?qū)⑿薷脑撟兞浚匀绻撟兞坎话凑毡纠痰慕Y(jié)構(gòu)編程，一旦在變量值的連續(xù)字期間出現(xiàn)中斷，則函數(shù)getticks()將返回錯(cuò)誤的值。例#include<pic.h>longcount；voidinterrupt{}long{longval；/*在count變量前中斷，保證的連續(xù)性*/di()；val=count；ei()；returnval；}DIV函提#includediv_tdiv(intnumer，int描)例#include<stdlib.h>#include<stdio.h>main{div_tx=printf("quotient=%d，remainder=}typedef{intquot；int}提

EEPROM_READ、EEPROM_WRITE函#includeunsignedchareeprom_read(unsignedcharvoideeprom_write(unsignedcharaddr，unsignedchar描這些函數(shù)允許片內(nèi)EEPROM（如果片內(nèi)有EEPROM。EEPROM不是可直接尋址的寄存器空間，當(dāng)需要EEPROM時(shí)，就需要將一些特定的字節(jié)序列加載到EEPROM控制寄存器中。寫EEPROM是一個(gè)緩慢的過程。故eeprom_write()函數(shù)在寫入例#include<pic.h>main{unsignedchardata；unsignedcharaddress；address=data=}以確保寫入完畢。全局中斷使能位（GIE）在eeprom_write()程序中重新恢復(fù)（寫EEPROM時(shí)需要關(guān)閉EVAL_POLY函提#includedoubleeval_poly(doublex，constdouble*d，int描eval_poly(x和數(shù)組d中，y=x*x*d2+x*d1+例#include<stdio.h>#include<math.h>main{doubledoubled[3]={1.1，3.5，2.7}；x=2.2；y=printf("Thepolynomialevaluatedat%fis}EXP函提#include<math.h>doubleexp(doublef)描)例#include#include<stdio.h>main{doublefor(f=0.0；f<=5；f+=printf("eto%1.0f=}參log()，log10()，pow(FABS函提#include<math.h>doublefabs(doublef)描例#include<stdio.h>#include<math.h>main{}參abs(FLOOR函提#include<math.h>doublefloor(doublef)描例#include<stdio.h>#include<math.h>main{printf("%f\n"，floor(1.5))；}FREXP函提#includedoublefrexp(doublef，int*描frexp(函數(shù)將一個(gè)浮點(diǎn)數(shù)分解成規(guī)格化小數(shù)和2pint單元中。本函數(shù)的返回值x或在區(qū)間（0.5，1.0）0；而且有例#include<math.h>#include<stdio.h>main{doublef；inti；f=frexp(23456.34，&i)；printf("23456.34=%f*2^%d\n"，f，i)；}參ldexp(GET_CAL_DATA函提#includedoubleget_cal_data(constunsignedchar*描本函數(shù)從PIC14000標(biāo)定空間返回一個(gè)32例#include<pic.h>main{doubleunsignedcharxget_cal_data(KREF)；/*獲得參考斜率（slopereferenceratio）*/y=TWDT；/*獲得WDT溢出時(shí)間*/}注意：本函數(shù)僅用于PICGMTIME函提#includestructtm*gmtime(time_t*描t所指的時(shí)間分解,并且存于結(jié)構(gòu)體中，精確度為秒。其中，t所指的時(shí)間必須自0時(shí)0分0秒起。本函數(shù)所用的結(jié)構(gòu)體被定義在time.h文件中，可例#include<stdio.h>#include<time.h>main{time_tclock；structtm*tp；tp=printf("It’s%dinLondon\n"，tp- }參ctime()，asctime()，time()，localtime(注意：由于編譯器不會提供time()程序，故它需要由用戶給定。參閱time()函數(shù)typedeflongtime_t；structtm{inttm_sec；inttm_min；inttm_hour；intinttm_mon；inttm_year；inttm_wday；inttm_yday；inttm_isdst；ISALNUM，ISALPHA，ISDIGIT，ISLOWER等函提#include<ctype.h>intisalnum(charc)intisalpha(charc)intisascii(charc) trl(charc)intisdigit(charc)intislower(charc)intisprint(charc)intisgraph(charc)intispunct(charc)intisspace(charc)intisupper(charc)intisxdigit(charc)描isalnum(c) isalpha(c) isascii(c) trl(c) isdigit islower isprint isgraph ispunct(c) isspace(c) isupper(c) isxdigit 例#include<ctype.h>#includemain{charbuf[80]；inti；i=0；buf[i]=printf("’%s’isthe}參toupper()，tolower()，toascii(提#include<conio.h>bitkbhit(void)描如果鍵盤上的字符被按下，函數(shù)返回1；否則返回0。通常，該字符可通過getch(函數(shù)。例#include<conio.h>main{inti；while(!kbhit()){cputs("I’mfor(i=0；i!=1000；i++)}}參getch()，getche( LDEXP函提#includedoubleldexp(doublef，int描ldexp()函數(shù)是frexp()fi的求和運(yùn)例#include<math.h>#include<stdio.h>main{doublef=printf("1.0*2^10=}參frexp(fiLDIV函提#includeldiv_tldiv(longnumber，long描Ldiv(函數(shù)與div（結(jié)構(gòu)體ldiv_t）例#include<stdlib.h>#include<stdio.h>main{ldiv_tlt=printf("Quotient=%ld，remainder=}參閱div()5．返回6．?dāng)?shù)據(jù)結(jié)typedefstruct{longquot/*商*/longrem/*余數(shù)}LOCALTIME函提#includestructtm*localtime(time_t*描間必須自0時(shí)0分0秒起，所用的結(jié)構(gòu)體被定義在time.h文件中。localtime()函數(shù)需要考慮全局整型變量time_zone中的內(nèi)容，因?yàn)樗斜镜貢r(shí)區(qū)位于以localtime()函數(shù)的返回值將與gmtime()的相同。例#include<stdio.h>#include<time.h>char*wday[]={main{time_tclock；structtm*tp；tp=}參ctime()，asctime()，time(注意：由于編譯器不會提供time()程序，故它需要由用戶給定。參閱time()函數(shù)typedeflongtime_t；structtm{inttm_sec；inttm_min；inttm_hour；inttm_mday；inttm_mon；inttm_year；inttm_wday；inttm_yday；inttm_isdst；LOG、LOG10函提#include<math.h>doublelog(doublef)doublelog10(doublef)描))例#include<math.h>#include<stdio.h>main{doublefor(f=1.0；f<=10.0；f+=1.0)printf("log(%1.0f)=%f\n"，f，log(f))；}參exp()，pow(提

MEMCHR函#include/*constvoid*memchr(constvoid*block，intval，size_t/*高級系列單片機(jī)void*memchr(constvoid*block，intval，size_t描例#include<string.h>#include<stdio.h>unsignedintary[]=main{char*cp=memchr(ary，0x89，sizeofary)；printf("notfound\n")；printf("Foundatoffset%u\n"，cp-(char}參strchr(MEMCMP函提#includeintmemcmp(constvoid*s1,constvoid*s2,size_t描memcmp()函數(shù)的功能是比較兩塊長度為n的內(nèi)存中變量的大小，類似strncmp()函例3.3.#include<string.h>#include<stdio.h>#include<stdio.h>#include<string.h>main{intbuf[10],cow[10],i;buf[0]=1;buf[2]=cow[0]=cow[2]=buf[1]=cow[1]=i=memcmp(buf,cow,3*sizeof(int));if(i<0)printf("lessthan\n");elseif(i>0)printf("Greaterthan\n");}參strncpy()，strncmp()，strchr()，memset()，s1s2變量時(shí),函數(shù)返回值分別為-1，01。MEMCPY函提#include/*void*memcpy(void*d,constvoid*s,size_t/*farvoid*memcpy(farvoid*d,constvoid*s,size_t描memcpy()函數(shù)的功能是,將指針s指向的、內(nèi)存開始的n個(gè)字節(jié)到指針d指向制的是一定數(shù)量的字節(jié)，而不是所有結(jié)束符前的數(shù)據(jù)。main{charmemset(buf,0,sizeofbuf);memcpy(buf,"apartialstring",10);printf("buf=’%s’\n",buf);}參strncpy()，strncmp()，strchr()，MEMMOVE函提#include/*void*memmove(void*s1,constvoid*s2,size_t/*farvoid*memmove(farvoid*s1,constvoid*s2,size_t描memmove()函數(shù)與memcpy()函數(shù)相似，但memmove()函數(shù)能對區(qū)進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的復(fù)參strncpy(),strncmp(),strchr(),MEMSET函提#include/**/void*memsetvoid*sintcsize_t/*farvoid*memset(farvoid*s,intc,size_t描main{charstrcpy(abuf,"Thisisastring");memset(abuf,’x’,5);printf("buf=’%s’\n",}4.strncpy(),strncmp(),strchr(),memcpy(),MODF函提#includedoublemodf(doublevalue,double*描0.17例#include<math.h>#include<stdio.h>main{doublei_val,f_val=modf(-3.17,}提

PERSIST_CHECK,PERSIST_VALIDATE函#includeintpersist_check(intflag)voidpersist_validate(void)描個(gè)。如果擬數(shù)據(jù)和都正確則回值為真非零。果都不確則返回零。在這種情況下，函數(shù)返回零并且重新檢測NVAM區(qū)域（通過調(diào)用per_ada()函數(shù)。函數(shù)被執(zhí)行的條件是標(biāo)志變量變量不為0。per_vaae函數(shù)應(yīng)在每次換為變量之調(diào)用。將重新立擬數(shù)據(jù)和算。例#include<sys.h>#include<stdio.h>persistentlongreset_count;main{printf("Resetcountinvalid-zeroed\n");printf("Resetnumber%ld\n",reset_count);reset_count++;/*updatecount*/persist_validate();/*andchecksum*/continue;/*sleepuntilnextreset},,（非零POW函提#includedoublepow(doublef,double描例#include<math.h>#include<stdio.h>main{doublefor(f=1.0;f<=10.0;f+=printf("pow(2,%1.0f)=%f\n",f,pow(2,}參log(),log10(),f的pPRINTF函 #includeunsignedcharprintf(constchar*fmt,描（staoutoxXud 例printf("Total4d23)輸出為’Total=23%’printf("Sizeis%lx",size)printf("Name=%.8s",’Nameprintf("xx%*d",3,’xx/*vprintf*/#includestdio.h>error(char*s,{va_listap;va_start(ap,s);printf("Error:");vprintf(s,ap);}main{inti;i=error("testing12%d",}有關(guān)PICCL的描述以及有關(guān)HPDPIC長整型格式在printf的菜單選項(xiàng)。RAND函提#include<stdlib.h>intrand(void)描每次被調(diào)用后,以隨機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)形式出現(xiàn)。這一運(yùn)算規(guī)則將產(chǎn)生一個(gè)從同一起點(diǎn)開始的確定例#include#include<stdio.h>#include<time.h>main{time_ttoc;inti;for(i=0;i!=10;i++)printf("%d\t",rand());}注意：例程中需要用戶自己提供m函數(shù)，因?yàn)樗荒苡蓞R編器產(chǎn)生。更詳細(xì)的情況參見m()SIN函提#include<math.h>doublesin(doublef)描例程#include<math.h>#include<stdio.h>#defineC3.141592/180.0main{doublefor(i=0;i<=180.0;i+=printf("sin(%3.0f)=%f,cos=%f\n",i,sin(i*C),}參cos(),tan(),asin(),acos(),atan(),提

SPRINTF函#include/*unsignedcharsprintf(char*buf,constchar*fmt,/*unsignedcharsprintf(farchar*buf,constchar*fmt,描sprintf()printf()函數(shù)操作基本相同;只是輸出在不同的輸出終端，所有的字符buf緩沖器。字符串帶有空格結(jié)束符，buf緩沖器中的數(shù)據(jù)被返回。SQRT函提#include<math.h>doublesqrt(doublef)描例#include<math.h>#include<stdio.h>main{doublefor(i=0;i<=20.0;i+=printf("squarerootof%.1f=%f\n",i,}參見exp()SRAND函提#includevoidsrand(unsignedint描srand()rand()rand()函數(shù)例#include<stdlib.h>#include<stdio.h>#include<time.h>main{time_ttoc;inti;for(i=0;i!=10;i++)printf("%d\t",rand());}STRCAT函提#include/*char*strcat(char*s1,constchar*/*farchar*strcat(farchar*s1,constchar*描s2s1的后面。新的字符串以空格作為結(jié)束符。指s1指向的字符數(shù)組必須保證大于結(jié)果字符串。例#include<string.h>#include<stdio.h>main{charbuffer[256];char*s1,*s2;strcpy(buffer,"Startofline");s1=buffer;s2="...endofline";strcat(s1,s2);printf("Length=%d\n",strlen(buffer));printf("string=\"%s\"\n",buffer);}參strcpy(),strcmp(),strncat(),STRCHR,STRICHR函提#include/*constchar*strchr(constchar*s,intc)constchar*strichr(constchar*s,intc)/*char*strchr(constchar*s,intc)char*strichr(constchar*s,intc)描strchr()sc。如果找到了,則字符指針被返回;0。Strichr()strchr()函數(shù)作用相同。例#include<strings.h>#include<stdio.h>main{staticchartemp[]="Hereitis...";charc=’s’;printf("Character%cwasfoundinstring\n",c);printf("Nocharacterwasfoundin}參strrchr(),strlen(),提#includeintstrcmp(constchar*s1,constchar*s2)intstricmp(constchar*s1,constchar*s2)描strcmp()2s1表進(jìn)行的。Stricmp()strcmp()函數(shù)完全一樣。例#include<string.h>#include<stdio.h>main{intif((i=strcmp("ABC","ABc"))<0)printf("ABCislessthanABc\n");elseif(i>0)printf("ABCisgreaterthanABc\n");printf("ABCisequalto}參strlen(),strncmp(),strcpy(),注意：其它的C序表。返回值為正、零或負(fù)，也就是說不一定是-11。STRCPY函提#include/*char*strcpy(char*s1,constchar*/*farchar*strcpy(farchar*s1,constchar*描s2s1指向的字符數(shù)組。目的數(shù)組必須足s2。例#include<string.h>#include<stdio.h>main{charbuffer[256];char*s1,*s2;strcpy(buffer,"Startofline");s1=buffer;s2="...endofline";strcat(s1,s2);printf("Length=%d\n",strlen(buffer));printf("string=\"%s\"\n",buffer);}參strncpy(),strlen(),strcat(),STRCSPN函提#includesize_tstrcspn(constchar*s1,constchar*描例#include<stdio.h>#include<string.h>main{staticcharset[]=printf("%d\n",strcspn("abcdevwxyz",set));printf("%d\n",strcspn("xxxbcadefs",set));printf("%d\n",strcspn("1234567890",set));}STRLEN函提#includesize_tstrlen(constchar*描例#include<string.h>#include<stdio.h>main{charbuffer[256];char*s1,*s2;strcpy(buffer,"Startofline");s1=buffer;s2="...endofline";strcat(s1,s2);printf("Length=%d\n",strlen(buffer));printf("string=\"%s\"\n",buffer);}STRNCAT函提#include/*char*strncat(char*s1,constchar*s2,size_t/*farchar*strncat(farchar*s1,constchar*s2,size_t描s2s1n個(gè)字符被拷貝，結(jié)果包含空s1指向的字符數(shù)組應(yīng)足夠大,以容納結(jié)果字符串。例#include<string.h>#include<stdio.h>main{charbuffer[256];char*s1,*s2;strcpy(buffer,"Startofline");s1=buffer;s2="...endofline";strncat(s1,s2,5);printf("Length=%d\n",strlen(buffer));printf("string=\"%s\"\n",buffer);}參strcpy(),strcmp(),strcat(),提

STRNCMP,STRNICMP函#includeintstrncmp(constchar*s1,constchar*s2,size_tn)intstrnicmp(constchar*s1,constchar*s2,size_tn)描例#include<stdio.h>#include<string.h>main{inti=strcmp("abcxyz","abcxyz");if(i==0)printf("Bothstringsareequal\n");elseif(i>0)printf("String2lessthanstring1\n");printf("String2isgreaterthanstring}參strlen(),strcmp(),strcpy(),STRNCPY函提#include/*char*strncpy(char*s1,constchar*s2,size_t/*farchar*strncpy(farchar*s1,constchar*s2,size_t描例#include<string.h>#include<stdio.h>main{charbuffer[256];char*s1,*s2;strncpy(buffer,"Startofline",6);s1=buffer;s2="...endofline";strcat(s1,s2);printf("Length=%d\n",strlen(buffer));printf("string=\"%s\"\n",buffer);}參strcpy(),strcat(),strlen(),STRPBRK函提#include/*constchar*strpbrk(constchar*s1,constchar*/*char*strpbrk(constchar*s1,constchar*描例#include<stdio.h>#include<string.h>main{char*str="Thisisastring.";while(str!=NULL){printf("%s\n",strstr=strpbrk(str+1,"aeiou"}}STRRCHR,STRRICHR函提#include/*中級和低級系列單片機(jī)*/constchar*strrchr(char*s,intc)constchar*strrichrchar*sintc)/*char*strrchr(char*s,intc)char*strrichr(char*s,intc)描c最后一次在字符串中出現(xiàn)時(shí)的指針。如果沒出現(xiàn)，則返回值為空。strrichr()strrchr()函數(shù)完全一樣。例#include<stdio.h>#include<string.h>main{char*str="Thisisastring.";while(str!=NULL){printf("%s\n",strstr=strrchr(str+1,}}參strchr(),strlen(),strcmp(),strcpy(),STRSPN函提#includesize_tstrspn(constchar*s1,constchar*描例#include<stdio.h>#include<string.h>main{printf("%d\n",strspn("Thisisastring","This"));printf("%d\n",strspn("Thisisastring","this"));}STRSTR,STRISTR函提#include/*constchar*strstr(constchar*s1,constchar*s2)constchar*stristr(constchar*s1,constchar*s2)/*char*strstr(constchar*s1,constchar*s2)char*stristr(constchar*s1,constchar*s2)描strstr()函數(shù)返回字符數(shù)組s1中第一次出現(xiàn)字符數(shù)