2021-2022學(xué)年河南省信陽高三（上）周考英語試卷（附答案詳解）

2021-2022學(xué)年河南省信陽二中高三（±）周考英語試卷

（9月份）AAreyoulookingatgettingawayfromitall?Thenlooknofurtherthanthebestbeachesintheworld!WhitehavenBeach,Queensland,AustraliaParadise（樂園）canbefoundatWhitehavenBeachandtheWhitsundaysinAustralia.ThisisagroupofislandsjustoffthecoastofArlieBeachinQueenslandandeachoneisabsolutelybreathtaking.YoucanonlygettotheWhitsundaysbyboat,makingthemallmorespecial一itisjustperfectineverysenseoftheword.AnseSourced'Argent,LaDigue,SeychellesWithsun-bleachedhugestonesontheshore,calmbluewaters,brilliantwhitesandsandpalmtreesonthebeach,thisbeachinthemiddleoftheIndianOceanisstraightfromafairytale.Itcomesasnosurprisethatthisisoneofthemostphotographedbeachesintheworld!TulumBeach,MexicoTherearen'tmanybeachesaroundtheworldthatcanboastancientruinsthatdatebackto564ADonthecliffsabove,butatTulumBeachyougetbeautywithhistory.NotonlyaretheTulumruinsanamazingsitewithintheirownright,butthefactthatthebeachbelowisabsolutelyattractivereallymakesitamagicalplacetovisit.LaConchaBeach,SanSebastian,SpainLaConchaBeachwasrecentlyvotedasEurope'sbestbeachandit'seasytoseewhy.Withwonderfulweatherallyearroundandsomesimplyexpensiverestaurants,thisisabeachthathasitall.Also,withthecutelittleSpanishtownofSanSebastianframedinthebackground,youYeneverfarfromtheaction,too.WhatdoweknowabouttheWhitsundays?They'reaccessibleonlybyboat.They'reconnectedwitheachother.TheyalllieonArlieBeach.Theyarethemostpopulardestinations.WhatmakesTulumBeachdifferentfromothers?Ithasfineweather.Itsmostappealingtomagicians.Itcombineshistoryandscenery.Ithasthelongesthistoryintheworld.Whichplacemayattractphotographersmost?A.TulumBeach. B.AnseSourced'Argent.C.WhitehavenBeach. D.LaConchaBeach.BThetablesquicklyturnedforan89-year-oldpizzadeliverydriverwhoreceivedasurprisedeliveryofhisownfrom“regulars"onhisroute-a$12,000tip.DeriinNeweydeliveredpizzasforPapaJohn'sabout30hoursaweek.Hestartedthejobafterrealizinghecouldn*tliveonlyonsocialsecuritychecks.Despitebeingforcedtoworkathisadvancedage,hedidn'tletthataffecthisattitude.Inadditiontobeingadeliverydriver,NeweywasalsoarisingTikTokstarthankstosomeloyalcustomersinspiredbyhiskindness.Fansofpizza,theValdezfamilysaidtheyalwaysrequestedhimwhenorderingpizzaandstartedrecordinghisdeliveriesasTikTokvideos. crazy.Everybodyloveshim,"saidDadCarlosValdez.Thefamilysaidhissignaturephrasewitheachdeliverywas,"Hello,areyoulookingforsomepizza?"Withmorethan53,000followers,theValdezfamilyoftengotcommentsaskingwhyNeweywasdeliveringpizzasathisage.Thefamilyagreedthatheshouldnlhavetoworksomuchanddecidedtousetheirplatformforsomegood.TheyaskedtheirfollowerstomakeadonationtohelpNewey,andthemoneystartedrollingin.Theywerequicklyabletoraise$12,000.AllthatwasleftwastosurpriseNeweyinhisownhome,makingaspecialdeliverytotheirspecialdeliveryman.Neweywascompletelycaughtoffguard.The"TikTok-famous"deliverymanthoughttheyweregoingtobringhimashirtwiththeirsignatures,whichtheydid,buthegotfarmorethanhehadexpectedwhenValdezhandedhimafatenvelopefilledwithcash."Wecollectivelypreparedagiftforyou,andI'mheretodeliverthatgifttoyouonbehalfoftheTikTokcommunity,"Valdezsaid.Neweydidn'tevenknowwhatTikTokwas,asking,"Isthatanonlinegroupwhereyoucommunicatewitheachotherthroughthetelephone?”Tearswelledupinhiseyesashegratefullyacceptedtheamazinggift.WhydidNeweyworkasadeliveryman?Hehadtocoverhislivingexpenses.Hedidsoattherequestofhisfriend.Heconsidereddeliveryaninterestingjob.Hewantedtogivehisfamilyasurprise.WhataboutNeweyimpressedtheValdezfamilymost?A.Hisage. B.Hiskindattitude.C.Hissenseofhumor. D.Hispunctuality.HowdidtheirfollowersreacttotheValdezfamily'sappealonTikTok?A.Indifferently. B.Cautiously.C.Doubtfully. D.Enthusiastically.WhatcanwelearnaboutNeweyfromthelasttwoparagraphs?Hefailedtogethisdesiredshirt.HepreferredT汰Toktootherplatforms.Heknewlittleaboutsomesocialmedia.HewasveryactiveintheTikTokcommunity.cJustashumansareusuallyleft-orright-handed,manyanimalsfavoronesideoftheirbodyforcertaintasks.Thestrengthofthispreferencevaries：someindividualsarehappytouseeitherside,whileothersstronglyfavoroneside（knownasbeingstrongly'Uateralized0）.TheUniversityofExeterstudyfoundthatgreysquirrelswhichstronglyfavoredasidedidlesswellonalearningtask.Theyhadtolearntouseapaw（爪子）,ratherthantheirmouth,togetnuts."Ithasbeensuggestedthatbeingstronglylateralizedmakesbrainsmoreefficient,witheachhemisphere（半球）focusingondifferenttasks,MsaidDrLisaLeaver."Thiscouldhelpanimalssurvive,whichwouldexplaintheevolutionoflaterality（向側(cè)性）acrosstheanimalkingdom/'"Infishandbirds,thereisevidencethatbeingstronglylateralizedislinkedtobettercognitive（認(rèn)知的）performance（brainfunction）.However,limiteddatafromstudiesofmammals（哺乳動物）suggestaweakorevennegativerelationship.Ourstudymeasuredspeedoflearningamonggreysquirrelsand,inlinewiththesepreviousmammalstudies,suggeststhatstronglateralizationislinkedtopoorcognitiveperformance/'saidDrLeaver.Inthestudy,wildgreysquirrelsontheUniversityofExeter'sStreathamCampuswerepresentedwithtransparenttubecontainingpeanuts.Squirrelsusuallycollectfoodwiththeirmouth,butthetubewastoonarrowtoallowthis,sotheyhadtolearntouseapaw.Bymeasuringbothhowquicklysquirrelslearnedandhowstronglytheyfavoredaparticularpaw,theresearcherscouldassessbothlearningandlaterality.Morethan30squirrelswereobserved,with12providingenoughdataforinclusioninthestudy.Therelationshipbetweenlateralityandhumancognitiveperformanceisstillunclear,thoughsomeresearchhassuggestedthatlesslateralizedpeoplemaybemorecreative."Moreresearchonmammalsisneededtounderstandthecomplexrelationshipbetweenlateralityandcognitiveperformance/*DrLeaversaid.WhatdidtheUniversityofExeterstudyfbcuson?Thehabitsofgreysquirrels.Thecauseofstronglateralization.Theevolutionprocessoflaterality.Theeffectsoflateralizationonlearning.Whatcanweknowfromthefourthparagraph?Fishandbirdshavesimilarbrainstructures.Mostfishandbirdshavestronglateralization.Stronglylateralizedbirdsarebetteratlearning.StronglylateralizedgreysquirrelshaveahigherIQ.Howdidthestronglylateralizedsquirrelsactinthestudy?Theywereslowertogetpeanuts.Theygotmorepeanutsthanothers.Theygotthroughthetubequickly.Theyusedtheirpawsmoreskillfully.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?Left-handedanimalsprovemoreintelligent.Greysquirrelschangetheirhabitsforfood.Lateralityisconnectedwithbetterbrains.Strongly"handed"squirrelsarelessgoodatlearning.DARussiannaturalgastanker（油輪）hascompletedanexperimentalroundtripalongtheNorthernSeaRoute（NSR）-thefirsttimethepathacrosstheArctichasbeenmadeatthistimeofyear.ltreturnedtotheRussiangasstationatSabettaonFebruary19.ThevoyagebytheChristophedeMargerietankerthroughtheiceisthelatestvisualindicatorofclimatechangeinthecoldregion.ThetankersetoutfromaChineseportonJanuary27afterdeliveringitscargo.ltenteredtheNorthernSeaRoute,whichtraverses（橫越）Russia'snorthcoast.AfewdayslaternearCapeDezhnev,itwasmetbytheRussiannuclearicebreaker50LetPobedy（50YearsofVictory）.Togethertheycompletedthe2,500-nautical-milevoyagethroughtheicein11daysand10hours.TheshipmanagedtocompletethefirstlegofthetripfromRussiatoChinawithoutanicebreaker.Bothofthejourneysbrokerecordsforwinternavigation（航行）duetothechangingclimateintheArcticallowingpassagethroughthinnerice.UsingtheNorthernSeaRouteletsshippersinRussiaandothercountriesavoidamuchlongersouthernjourneyaroundEurope,theMiddleEastandallofsouthernAsia,savingmillionsofdollars.Theshipsencounterednomulti-yearbuildupofoldiceontheroute,andthedeepesticewasabout5feetthick.However,meteorologistandjournalistEricHolthauscalledthataclearindicatorof"aclimateemergency'1.LastMay,ChristophedeMargeriebecamethefirstlarge-capacitycargoshiptocompleteaneastboundtransitoftheNorthernSeaRoute,twomonthsearlierintheyearthanthejourneytraditionallymade."AsaresultoftheearlyNorthernSeaRoutevoyagecompletedbyChristophedeMargerieinMay2020,aswellasthecurrentNSRvoyage,thenavigationintheEasternpartoftheArcticwaspracticallydoubled,"EricHolthaussaid.HenotedthatfordecadesthetransitroutealongthatpartoftheNSRhadtypicallyremainedclosedbyicefromNovemberuntilJuly.WhichfactorcontributedmosttoChristophedeMargerie'ssuccessfultrip?A.Theidealequipment. B.Theoceancurrent.C.Thenuclearpower. D.Theclimatechange.What'sEricHolthaus'attitudetothegastanker'stripacrosstheArctic?A.Skeptical.B.Concerned.C.Critical. D.Tolerant.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"encountered1'inParagraph4mean?A.Pickedup. B.Preparedfbr. C.Cameacross. D.Dependedon.HowlongcantheNSRroutebeusedbycargoshipsnow?A.2months. B.3months. C.4months. D.6months.TheGoalsThatGuideUsWhetherwe'reonthelongtripofamid-lifecareerorthewalktothebedroomtofinallyorganizethatcloset,itcanbehardtogatherupthemotivationtomakethatfirststep.(1)Herearesomewaysyoucantaketostartmovingtowardachievingyourgoals.?Putyourgoalsinwriting.Writingdowngoalspreventsyoufromleavingyourgoalsvague.Bespecific.Useactionverbs.(2)Specifycompletiondates.Alsorecordwhatyourrewardwillbeforachievingthegoal.Makeacontractwithyourself,andthenreaditeachmorningandnight.Thiswillhelpyoutobemorecommittedtoyourgoalaseachdaypasses.?Learnwhatyouneedtolearn.Ifinformationorskilliskeepingyoufromachievingyourgoals,determinewaystofillinthegaps,andbuildthisintoyouractionplan.(3)Thinkabouthowmuchtimeandeffortwillberequired,andaskyourselfwhetheryouarereallywillingandabletodowhatisnecessary.ltisbettertoadjustyourgoalsoryourtimetablethantoproceedwithaplanthatisunrealistic.?14LFindsomeone,acoworkerorafriend,withwhomyoushareacommongoal.Getsomeonetogotothegymwithyou,ortoquitsmokingwithyou,ortosharehealthymealswithyou.Apartnercanhelpyoustaycommittedandmotivated.Lookforrolemodels,peoplewhohavealreadyachievedthegoalsyouseektoreach.(5)Findhowtheygottowheretheyare,andincorporate(使并入)whatyoulearnintoyourplan.A.Seekthehelpofothers.B.Makealistofyourtools.C.Askthemfbradviceandsuggestions.D.Letyourgoalshavemeasurableoutcomes.E.Makeyourselffeelgoodabouttheprogressyou'vemade.F.Athousand-milejourneystartswiththefirstsmallstep.G.Bewillingtostudyandworkhardtoreachyourgoals.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

17.A.AEF.FB.BG.Gc.cD.DE.18.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.EF.FG.G19.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.EF.FG.G20.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.EF.FG.GDarleneLeesonwasinhotelisolation（隔離）afterreturningtoAustraliafromatriptoHawaii.Shewascallingafriendjokingabouttheideaofputtinga(n)(21)onherhotelwindowasitfacedofficesacrosstheroad.Gettingthegentle(22)ofherfriend,Leesonwroteonsomenotes："Day4ISOneed(23).Room623"andthenstuckthemup.Thefirst(24)fromthoseintheoutsideworldwaslaughter.Shegotafew(25)andwavesfromofficeworkersandworkersonanearbyrooftop."Itwasmoredoneto(26)myselfduringtheboringisolation,'*shesaid.HIwasn'tthinkinganyonewouldtakeit(27).nThenherhotelroomphonerang.nI(28)thoughtitwasthehotelringingtotellmeto(29)themoff.Itwasthewifeofoneoftherooftopworkerswhohadrungreceptionaskingtoget(3Q)tomyroom,1'shesaid."Theythenaskedwhatchocolate1(31).”Thetravellersaidshewasin(32)anddidn'tmakeher(33)oftreatclear."WechattedandshesaidIcould(34)anUberdeliverysoon.1'Withinanhour,thechocolatearrived.Soon,TimTams(abrandofchocolate)arrivedforheratreception.Leesonlater(35)awomaninanearbyofficebuildingmadethe(36)delivery.Morechocolatehadarrived,andagroupofworkershadall(37)."Beinginhotelisolation,!can't(38)myroomwherethereareonlyafewshortminuteswhenthesuncan(39),“Leesonsaid."Though,thekindnessofthese(40)brightenedmydaybeyondanyamountofsunshinepossible."21.A.signB.advertisementC.warningD.picture22.A.requestB.permissionC.praiseD.encouragement23.A.applesB.coffeeC.hamburgersD.chocolate24.A.soundB.messageC.responseD.effort25.A.giftsB.lettersC.conflictsD.smiles26.A.improveB.satisfyC.challengeD.entertain27.A.lightlyB.seriouslyC.graduallyD.willingly28.A.suddenlyB.exactlyC.initiallyD.eventually29.A.putB.tearC.kickD.cut30.A.takenalongB.putthroughC.checkedinD.workedout31.A.storedB.purchasedC.preferredD.delivered32.A.disappointmentB.doubtC.surpriseD.panic33.A.choiceB.chanceC.shareD.address34.A.orderB.expectC.reserveD.promise35.A.agreedB.admittedC.learnedD.guessed36.A.sweetB.cheapC.urgentD.latest37.A.delayedB.celebratedC.cheeredD.contributed38.A.leaveB.exchangeC.clearD.decorate39.A.fadeawayB.shineinC.wrapupD.bumdown40.A.strangersB.neighborsC.travellersD.passengers.China'sZhurongMarsrover,droppedawayfromitsorbitingTianwen-1mothership,toucheddownontheredplanetearlySaturday.ChinahasbecomethethirdnationinhumanhistorytolandsafelyonthesurfaceofMars-(1)itsfirstattempt.Zhurong,namedafterthegodoffireinChinesemythology,landedonabroadplainknownasUtopiaPlanitiaFridayat7：18p.m.LikeNASA'sPerseveranceroverbeforeit,Zhurong(2)(rely)onaheatshield(抗熱涂層)andaprotectiveaeroshell(3)(protect)itfromtheextremetemperaturesgeneratedafterhittingtheatmosphereatnearlythreemilespersecond.Oncethroughtheplasmaheatingzone,alargeparachute(降落傘)openedasplanned,quickly(4)(slow)thecrafttosub-sonicspeeds.(5)(final)，aboutsevenminutesafterhittingtheatmosphere,thelanderwasprogrammedtofallfreeofitsparachute,firingsmallrocket(6)(engine)forapowereddescent(下降)tothesurface.Thelast10monthshavebeenforMartian(7)(explore).Threespacecraft,includingTianwen-1,werelaunchedtoMarsinJuly2O2O.TheUnitedArabEmirates*Hopeorbiter,(8)willsurveyMars'atmospherefromspace,put(9)(it)intoorbitinFebruary.Notlongafter,NASA*snow-famousrollingrover,Perseverance,anditshistory-makingflyingcompanionIngenuity,reached(10)surfaceofMars,landinginanancientlakebedthatmayoncehavebeenhometoMartianlife..假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(A),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫--橫線，并在該詞下而寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞：2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。Wouldyouliketobeagreenerpersontoprotectourenvironment?Herewassomeadvice.Youshouldreducewasteyouproducedaily.Youcanuseallsidesofthepaperandcollectingthedrinkingbottles.Remembertothewastesothatitcanbewellrecycle.ltwouldbebetterforyouturnoffthepowerinyourhousewhenyougoout.Insteadofdrivingyourcareverywhere,youcansaveenergybyeitherwalkingnorridingabike.Besidetakeabagalongwhenshoppingtoavoidusingtoomanyplasticbag.Lastbutnotleast,neverspitinthepublic.ltisrealeasytobeaneco-friendlyperson.43.你校將舉辦英語演講比賽，請你以“HowtoExpressOurGratitude"為題寫一篇短文參賽，內(nèi)容包括：.分析現(xiàn)狀；.建議表達(dá)感激的方式。注意：.詞數(shù)100左右;.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。答案和解析1~3.【答案】A、C、B［解析】(1)A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題根據(jù)WhitehavenBeach,Queensland,Australia介紹內(nèi)容YoucanonlygettotheWhitsundaysbyboat,makingthemallmorespecial.你只能坐船去Whitsundays,這讓他們更特別?？芍瑃heWhitsundays是由許多島嶼構(gòu)成的，游客們只能乘船抵達(dá)。故選A。C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TulumBeach,Mexico介紹內(nèi)容butatTulumBeachyougetbeautywithhistory.但在圖盧姆海灘，你會看到歷史的美麗。可知，Tulum海灘的與眾不同之處在于它不僅有美麗的沙灘風(fēng)景，海灘邊的懸崖上又有許多古老的歷史遺跡。故選CoB.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。AnseSourced*Argent,LaDigue,Seychelles 介紹內(nèi)容Itcomesasnosurprisethatthisisoneofthemostphotographedbeachesintheworld!這是世界上拍照最多的海灘之一。可知，AnseSourcedArgent這個(gè)海灘的風(fēng)景秀麗，最受攝影師的青睞。故選B。本文是一篇廣告布告類閱讀，主要介紹了幾處各富特色的世界著名海灘。做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。4~7?【答案】A、B、D、C【解析】(1)A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Hestartedthejobafterrealizinghecouldn'tliveonlyonsocialsecuritychecks”(他在意識到他不能只靠社會保障過活后開始了這份工作)可知，Newey在89歲高齡選擇做送餐員是生活壓力所迫，是為了支付生活費(fèi)用，故選AoB.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Inadditiontobeingadeliverydriver,NeweywasalsoarisingTikTokstarthankstosomeloyalcustomersinspiredbyhiskindness"(除了是一名送貨司機(jī)，紐威也是一名冉冉升起的TikTok明星，因?yàn)樗纳屏技?lì)了一些忠誠的客戶)可知，Newey送披薩時(shí)對自己的客戶總是態(tài)度和藹可親。這一點(diǎn)深深打動了Valdez一家。故選BoD.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“TheyaskedtheirfollowerstomakeadonationtohelpNewey,andthemoneystartedrollingin.Theywerequicklyabletoraise$12,000”(他們要求粉絲們捐款幫助紐威，于是錢就滾滾而來。他們很快就籌到了12000美元)可知，Valdez一家的五萬多抖音粉絲對他們幫助Newey的倡議非常熱情。故選D。C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Neweydidn'tevenknowwhatTikTokwas,asking,"Isthatanonlinegroupwhereyoucommunicatewitheachotherthroughthetelephone?"(Newey甚至不知道TikTok是什么，他問：”那是一個(gè)你們通過電話相互交流的在線小組嗎？"）可知，Newey對于像抖音這樣的現(xiàn)代社交媒體了解很少。故選C。本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是89歲的披薩送餐員從他的“?？汀蹦抢锏玫搅?.2萬美元的驚喜小費(fèi)的故事。1.直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項(xiàng)在語言表達(dá)上與原文基本一致的題目；2.間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達(dá)上與原文有差異，做題時(shí)需要對原文信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換；3.綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能斷章取義。8?11.【答案】D、C、A、D【解析】（1）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"greysquirrelswhichstronglyfavoredasidedidlesswellonalearningtask（灰松鼠在學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)中表現(xiàn)得不太好。）"以及第四段中的"Ourstudymeasuredspeedoflearningamonggreysquirres（我們的研究測量了灰松鼠的學(xué)習(xí)速度"可知，這個(gè)研究旨在發(fā)現(xiàn)動物的向側(cè)性與學(xué)習(xí)（認(rèn)知）能力的關(guān)系。故選D。C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的"Infishandbirds,thereisevidencethatbeingstronglylateralizedislinkedtobettercognitive（認(rèn)知的）performance（brainfunction）.（在魚類和鳥類中，有證據(jù)表明，強(qiáng)烈的側(cè)化與更好的認(rèn)知表現(xiàn)（大腦功能）有關(guān)。）”可知已經(jīng)有證據(jù)表明，高度偏側(cè)的鳥類更擅長學(xué)習(xí)。故選C。A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的"Ourstudymeasured叩eedoflearningamonggreysquirrelsand,inlinewiththesepreviousmammalstudies,suggeststhatstronglateraliationislinkedtopoorcognitiveperformancel（我們的研究測量了灰松鼠的學(xué)習(xí)速度，與之前對哺乳動物的研究一致，表明強(qiáng)烈的側(cè)化與較差的認(rèn)知表現(xiàn)有關(guān)）"和第五段內(nèi)容可知，在這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，有強(qiáng)烈的向側(cè)性的灰松鼠表現(xiàn)出很弱的認(rèn)知能力（即用爪子得到透明管中的食物。）從而推斷，強(qiáng)烈偏則化的松鼠吃花生的速度慢了。故選A。D.標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀文章可知，英國?？巳卮髮W(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，對左側(cè)或右側(cè)有強(qiáng)烈偏好的松鼠的學(xué)習(xí)能力較差，即左撇子或右撇子習(xí)慣的松鼠，學(xué)習(xí)能力不如左右爪子都靈活的松鼠。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為"高度偏側(cè)化的松鼠不善于學(xué)習(xí)"。故選D。本文是一篇說明文。英國?？巳卮髮W(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，對左側(cè)或右側(cè)有強(qiáng)烈偏好的松鼠的學(xué)習(xí)能力較差，即左撇子或右撇子習(xí)慣的松鼠，學(xué)習(xí)能力不如左右爪子都靈活的松鼠。關(guān)于七選五的做題步驟：步驟一：快速瀏覽一遍七個(gè)備選答案，先確定哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)適合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：標(biāo)題，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。步驟二：快速瀏覽文章，確定文章體裁，抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)。步驟三：分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出各段的主題句或主旨大意。步驟四：注意各選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段，尋找句中銜接標(biāo)志詞。步驟五：區(qū)分相似項(xiàng)。12~15.【答案】D、B、C、D【解析】（1）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"ThevoyagebytheChristophedeMargerietankerthroughtheiceisthelatestvisualindicaterofclimatechangeinthecoldregion."（克里斯多夫?德?馬杰里油輪穿越冰層的航行是寒冷地區(qū)氣候變化的最新視覺指示器。）和第三段"Bothofthejourneysbrokerecordsforwinternavigation（航行）duetothechangingclimateintheArctic."（由于北極氣候的變化，這兩次航行都打破了冬季航行的記錄。）可推知，ChristophedeMargerie號在這個(gè)季節(jié)成功地跨越北海航線主要?dú)w于氣候變化導(dǎo)致北極圈內(nèi)的多年冰層融化。故選D。B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的"However,meteorologistandjournalistEricHolthauscalledthataclearindicatorof'aclimateemergency'."可知，氣象學(xué)家EricHolthaus認(rèn)為這次ChristophedeMargerie號的北海航行是氣候變化緊急情況的標(biāo)志，由此推知，這次航行的成功讓他非常擔(dān)憂。故選B。C.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文中內(nèi)容可知，ChristophedeMargerie號和50LetPobedy破冰船比傳統(tǒng)通航時(shí)間早兩個(gè)月穿越了冰封的北海航線（NSR）,并成功完成航行，第四段"Theshipsencounterednomulti-yearbuildupofoldiceontheroute,andthedeepesticewasabout5feetthick.（這些船在航線上沒有encountered多年積累的舊冰，最深的冰大約有5英尺厚。）"解釋了原因，因?yàn)樗鼈儧]有遇到舊冰，其中encounter應(yīng)理解為"遇見，碰到"，與comeacross同義。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)A.Pickedup撿起，習(xí)得；B.Preparedfor為做準(zhǔn)備；C.Cameacross偶遇，被理解；D.Dependedon依靠。故選C。D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"thenavigationintheEasternpartoftheArcticwaspracticallydoubled”（在北極東部的航行幾乎翻了一番。）和"HenotedthatfordecadesthetransitroutealongthatpartoftheNSRhadtypicallyremainedclosedbyicefromNovemberuntilJuly."（他指出，幾十年來，"噪音感應(yīng)強(qiáng)的地方"的過境路線通常從11月到7月一直被冰封鎖。）可知，幾十年來北海航線（NSR）的通航時(shí)間都是8、9、10三個(gè)月份，但現(xiàn)在翻了一番，變?yōu)榱?個(gè)月。故選D。本文是是一篇健康環(huán)保類閱讀理解。文章寫了俄羅斯油輪運(yùn)輸船ChristophedeMargerie號近日首次在2月穿過北冰洋的海冰，彰顯出北海航線潛在的巨大商業(yè)價(jià)值，但也為北極地區(qū)的加速變暖和持續(xù)惡化的生態(tài)危機(jī)帶來新的證據(jù)?？疾榻】淡h(huán)保類閱讀理解。做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。16~20.【答案】F、D、G、A、C［解析］（1）F.推理判斷題。空格前說"Whetherwe'reonthelongtripofamid-lifecareerorthewalktothebedroomtofinallyorganizethatdloset,itcanbehardtogatherupthemotivationtomakethatfirststep'1（無論我們是在漫長的中年職業(yè)生涯中，還是在走到臥室去整理壁櫥的路上，都很難有動力邁出第一步。）空格后說“Herearesomewaysyoucantaketostartmovingtowardachievingyourgoals**（這里有一些你可以采取的方法，開始實(shí)現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo)。）說明空格處應(yīng)說到開始第一步很重要，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)Athousand-milejourneystartswiththefirstsmallstep（千里之行,始于足下。）說明了開始第一步很重要，因此F項(xiàng)切合題意，故選F。D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題?？崭袂昂涂崭窈蠖际瞧硎咕?，因此空格處也應(yīng)為祈使句，段首說"Writingdowngoalspreventsyoufromleavingyourgoalsvague*'（寫下你的目標(biāo)可以防止你的目標(biāo)模糊。）因此本段是關(guān)于寫下目標(biāo)的，D選項(xiàng)"Letyourgoalshavemeasurableoutcomes1,（讓你的目標(biāo)有可衡量的結(jié)果。）切合本段主題，因此D選項(xiàng)切合題意，故選D。G.推理判斷題o空格前說"Ifinformationorskilliskeepingyoufromachievingyourgoals,determinewaystofllinthegaps,andbuildthisintoyouractionplan1'（如果信息或技能阻礙了你實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，那就想辦法填補(bǔ)空白，并將其納入你的行動計(jì)劃。）G選項(xiàng)Bewillingtostudyandworkhardtoreachyourgoals.（要愿意為實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)而努力學(xué)習(xí)和工作。）中的workhardtoreachyourgoalsfUdeterminewaystofillinthegaps相呼應(yīng)，因止匕G選項(xiàng)切合題意，故選G。A.段落大意題?？崭裉帪楸径沃黝}句，由本段第一句"Findsomeone,acoworkerorafriend,withwhomyoushareacommongoal"（找一個(gè)和你有共同目標(biāo)的人，同事或者朋友）可知，本段是關(guān)于尋求他人幫助的，因此A選項(xiàng)Seekthehelpofothers（尋求他人的幫助。）切合題意，故選A。C.推理判斷題。空格前說"Lookforrolemodels,peoplewhohavealreadyachievedthegoalsyouseektoreach11（尋找榜樣，那些己經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了你想要達(dá)到的目標(biāo)的人。）空格后說"Findhowtheygottowheretheyare,andincorporatewhatyoulearnintoyourplan”（了解他們是如何做到這一點(diǎn)的，并將你學(xué)到的內(nèi)容融入到你的計(jì)劃中。）可知，空格處是關(guān)于問榜樣些什么事的，C選項(xiàng)"Askthemforadviceandsuggestions"（向他們征求意見和建議。）切合題意，故選C.本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是一些你可以采取的開始實(shí)現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo)的方法。關(guān)于七選五的做題步驟：步驟一：快速瀏覽一遍七個(gè)備選答案，先確定哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)適合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：標(biāo)題，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。步驟二：快速瀏覽文章，確定文章體裁，抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)。步驟三：分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出各段的主題句或主旨大意。步驟四：注意各選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段，尋找句中銜接標(biāo)志詞。步驟五：區(qū)分相似項(xiàng)。21?40.【答案】A、D、D、C、D、D、B、C、B、B、C、C、A、B、C、A、D、A、B、A【解析】(1)A.考查名詞及語境理解。A.sign標(biāo)識;B.advertisement廣告;C.warning警告；D.picture圖片。句意：她打電話給一個(gè)朋友，開玩笑說要在她酒店的窗戶上貼一個(gè)標(biāo)識，因?yàn)榫频暾龑χR路對面的辦公室。后文的“Leesonwroteonsomenotes"可知，此處示“在她酒店的窗戶上貼一個(gè)標(biāo)識”，因此空格處為“標(biāo)識"，故選A。D.考查名詞及語境理解。A.request要求；B.permission允許；C.praise表揚(yáng)；D.encouragemenl鼓勵(lì)。句意：在朋友的溫柔鼓勵(lì)下，李森在紙條上寫道。結(jié)合語境可知，朋友鼓勵(lì)作者這么做，故選D。D.考查名詞及語境理解。A.apples蘋果;B.coffee咖啡;C.hamburgers漢堡包；D.chocolate巧克力。句意:第四天：我需要巧克力。由后文的"TheythenaskedwhatchocolateI(11)”可知，作者寫的是她需要巧克力，故選D。C.考查名詞及語境理解。A.sound聲音；B.message信息；C.response反應(yīng)；D.effort努力。句意：外界的第一反應(yīng)是大笑。由本句"Thefirst_4fromthoseintheoutsideworldwaslaughler”可知，笑是外界對她這種行為的第一反應(yīng)，故選C。D.考查名詞及語境理解。A.gifts禮物；B.letters信；C.conflicts沖突；D.smiles微笑。句意：她從辦公室職員和附近屋頂上的工作人員那里得到了一些微笑和揮手。由下文"wavesfromofficeworkersandworkersonanearbyrooftop"可推知，她從辦公室職員和附近屋頂上的工作人員那里得到了一些微笑和揮手。故選D。D.考查動詞及語境理解。A.improve提高；B.satisfy使?jié)M意;C.challenge挑戰(zhàn);D.entertain娛樂。句意：她說：”在無聊的孤獨(dú)中，我更多的是為了自娛自樂?！庇缮衔?gotafew(5)andwavesfromofficeworkersandworkersonanearbyrooftop”可知，她從辦公室職員和附近屋頂上的工作人員那里得到了一些微笑和揮手，這算作是在無聊的隔離中的自娛自樂，因此空格處為“娛樂”，故選D。B.考查副詞及語境理解。A.lightly輕輕地;B.seriouslyj認(rèn)真地；C.gradually逐漸;D.willingly樂意地。句意：我沒想到會有人把它當(dāng)真。結(jié)合下文有人送來巧克力可知，人們是當(dāng)真了，takesth.seriously為固定短語，意為”認(rèn)真對待某件事”，故選B。C.考查副詞及語境理解。A.suddenly突然；B.exactly確切地；C.initially最初，開頭；D.eventually最終。句意：我一開始以為是酒店的電話響了，讓我把它們扯下來。由下文“thoughtitwasthehotelringingtotellmeto(9)themoff*'和"Itwasthewifeofoneoftherooftopworkerswhohadrungreceptionaskingtoget(10)tomyroom”可知，作者一開始以為是酒店的電話響了，讓她把它們扯下來，但結(jié)果卻不是這樣的。故選C。B.考查動詞及語境理解。A.put放；B.tear撕；C.kick踢；D.cut切。句意：我一開始以為是酒店的電話響了，讓我把它們扯下來。由"thehotelringingtotellmeto(9)themof「可推知，因?yàn)槭蔷频甏騺淼碾娫?，所以作者以為是酒店讓她把?biāo)識撕下來，故選B。B.考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.takenalong隨身攜帶；B.putthrough接通電話；C.checkedin到達(dá)并登記：D.workedout算出。句意:是一位屋頂工人的妻子打電話給前臺，要求接通我的房間。由前面的"herholelroomphonerang”可知，是一位屋頂工人的妻子打電話給前臺，要求接通作者房間的電話。故選B。C.考查動詞及語境理解。A.stored儲存；B.purchased購買;C.preferred更喜歡;□.delivered遞送。句意：然后他們問我更喜歡哪種巧克力。由"Theythenaskedwhatchocolatel(11)”可知，那個(gè)人想送作者巧克力，因此是問她更喜歡哪種巧克力，故選CqC.考查名詞及語境理解。A.disappointment失望；B.doub懷疑；C.surprise驚訝;D.panic恐慌。句意：這名游客說，她很驚訝，沒有說清楚自己的選擇。由下文"didn\makeher(13)oftreatclear”可知，她接到人家要給她送巧克力的電話應(yīng)該是感到驚訝，故選CoA.考查名詞及語境理解。A.choice選擇；B.chance機(jī)會；C.share份額；D.address地址。句意：這名游客說，她很驚訝，沒有說清楚自己的選擇。由上文“TheyihenaskedwhatchocolateI(11)”可知，作者很驚訝，沒有說清楚自己的選擇，即最喜歡哪種巧克力。故選AoB.考查動詞及語境理解。A.order點(diǎn)餐；B.expect期待;C.reserve預(yù)定；D.promise承諾。句意：我們聊了聊，她說我很快就會有優(yōu)步送貨上門。由后文的"thechocolateaEved”可知，此處表示那個(gè)人說很快優(yōu)步會把貨送到，也就是作者可以期待優(yōu)步的到來，故選B。)C.考查動詞及語境理解。A.agreed同意；B.admitted允許；C.learned得知；D.guessed猜。句意：李森后來得知，巧克力是附近辦公樓里的一個(gè)女人送的。由下文”awomaninanearbyofficebuildingmadethe(16delivery”可知，空格后的內(nèi)容是她后來得知的事實(shí)，故選Co.考查形容詞及語境理解。人3\^61甜的；B.che叩便宜的；C.urgent緊急的；D.latest最新的。句意：李森后來得知，巧克力是附近辦公樓里的一個(gè)女人送的。由常識可知，巧克力是甜的。此處用巧克力的甜代表作者內(nèi)心感到的甜美，故選A。D.考查動詞及語境理解。A.delayed推遲；B.celebrated慶祝;C.cheered歡呼;0.contributed捐獻(xiàn)。句意:更多的巧克力送到了，一群工人都捐了出來。由上文"Morechocolatehadarrived”可知，一群工人都給作者送來了巧克力，因此空格處為“捐獻(xiàn)”符合語境，故選D。A.考查動詞及語境理解。A.leave離開；B.exchange交換;C.clear清理;D.decorate裝飾。句意：”我被隔離在酒店里，不能離開我的房間，只有短短的幾分鐘陽光可以照進(jìn)來，李森說。由上文"Beinginhotelisolation”可知，作者在酒店隔離，因此不能“離開”，故選AoB.考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.fadeaway消失；B.shinein照進(jìn)來；C.wrapup包裹；D.bumdown燒毀。句意："我被隔離在酒店里，不能離開我的房間，只有短短的幾分鐘陽光可以照進(jìn)來，李森說。由"thesun”可知，陽光是"照進(jìn)"房間，故選B。A.考查名詞及語境理解。A.strangers陌生人；B.neighbors鄰居；C.travellers游客;D.passengers乘客。句意：盡管如此，這些陌生人的善良讓我的一天比任何陽光都明媚。由本文內(nèi)容可知，給她送來巧克力的人對她來說都是"陌生人"，故選A。本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是DarleneLeeson在隔離期間在酒店窗戶上貼上想要巧克力的標(biāo)識，然后看見標(biāo)識的一些陌生人為她送來了巧克力，這讓作者在這個(gè)特殊的時(shí)刻和環(huán)境感受到了溫暖。完形填空題的命題趨勢解題步驟：.通讀全文，理解大意。重視首句信息，跳過空格，瀏覽全文，從整體上感知全文，理解文章大意，這是解題的基礎(chǔ)。.瞻前顧后，避難就易。在理解文章大意的情況下，結(jié)合各選項(xiàng)的意義和用法，遵循先易后難的原則，先解決那些自己有把握的問題。對少數(shù)難題，暫時(shí)跳過，或許在上文中難以判斷的題在下文中就有暗示或者明顯的提示，或許一個(gè)在前面不能解答的題在填出了另一空后會令你豁然開朗。.復(fù)讀全文，解決殘敵。借助已經(jīng)補(bǔ)全的空格，對全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解決所遺留的少數(shù)疑難問題。.再次復(fù)讀，彌補(bǔ)疏漏，全部做好后，務(wù)必要結(jié)合自己選擇的答案重新閱讀短文內(nèi)容，確保全文文意連貫。.【答案】at【解析】(1)at.考查介詞。句意：中國首次成功登陸火星，成為人類歷史上第三個(gè)安全登陸火星表面的國家。短語atthefirstattempt"第一次嘗試故填at。relied.考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：就像之前NASA的"毅力"號漫游者一樣，"祝融"號依靠抗熱涂層和減速傘，以每秒近3英里的速度撞擊大氣層后產(chǎn)生的極端溫度來保護(hù)它。描述過去發(fā)生的事情，時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，此處是謂語動詞，要用動詞的過去式。故填reliedotoprotect.考查動詞不定式。句意：就像之前NASA的"毅力"號漫游者一樣，”祝融"號依靠抗熱涂層和減速傘，以每秒近3英里的速度撞擊大氣層后產(chǎn)生的極端溫度來保護(hù)它。分析句子可知，此處用動詞不定式表目的，故填toprotect。slowing.考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：一旦穿過等離子加熱區(qū)，一個(gè)大降落傘按計(jì)劃打開，迅速將飛船減速到亞音速。分析句子可知，句中已有謂語動詞opened,且空前無連接詞，可知此處要用非謂語動詞，根據(jù)slow和其邏輯主語alargeparachute之間是主動關(guān)系，可知此處要用現(xiàn)在分詞slowing,作伴隨狀語。故填slowing。Finally.考查副詞。句意：最后，在進(jìn)入大氣層約7分鐘后，著陸器按程序設(shè)定脫離降落傘，點(diǎn)燃小型火箭發(fā)動機(jī)，以動力下降到地面。此處位于句首，作狀語，修飾后面整個(gè)句子，要用副詞。故填Finally。engines.考查名詞。句意：最后，在進(jìn)入大氣層約7分鐘后，著陸器按程序設(shè)定脫離降落傘，點(diǎn)燃小型火箭發(fā)動機(jī)，以動力下降到地面。engine是可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)句意可知此處要用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填en