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英語(yǔ)四種基本句式英語(yǔ)四種基本句式英語(yǔ)四種基本句式資料僅供參考文件編號(hào):2022年4月英語(yǔ)四種基本句式版本號(hào):A修改號(hào):1頁(yè)次:1.0審核:批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期:英語(yǔ)四種基本句式:陳述、疑問(wèn)、祈使和感嘆句一:肯定句、否定句、一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句例句:Iamastudent.Hegoestoschool.Iamnotaboy.Hedoesnotgotoschool.AreyouastudentDoyou/DoesshelikeEnglish
Whattime(isit),pleasewhichisyourpen
Whatdaytoday
問(wèn)星期whatdateisittoday?問(wèn)日期含be/amisarewaswere:Thisisabook.Isthisabook
__yes,itis/no,itisn’t
Thisisnotabook.Whatisthiswhatthisis
不含be的,借助do/does:IlikeEnglish.IdonotlikeEnglish.DoyoulikeEnglish
Whatdoyoulike
ShelikesEnglish.ShedoesnotlikeEnglish.DoesshelikeEnglish.Whatdoesshelike
提問(wèn)例詞:When問(wèn)時(shí)間who問(wèn)人whose問(wèn)主人where問(wèn)地點(diǎn)which問(wèn)選擇why問(wèn)原因whattime問(wèn)時(shí)間whatcolor問(wèn)顏色whatabout問(wèn)意見(jiàn)whatday問(wèn)星期whatdate問(wèn)日期whatplace問(wèn)具體地點(diǎn)How問(wèn)情況howold問(wèn)年齡howmany/much問(wèn)數(shù)量、價(jià)錢(qián)howabout問(wèn)意見(jiàn)howfar問(wèn)路程howlong問(wèn)時(shí)間howsoon問(wèn)時(shí)間howoften問(wèn)頻率肯定句轉(zhuǎn)否定句中特殊用法:1.some變?yōu)閍ny。如:Therearesomebirdsinthetree.→Therearen'tanybirdsinthetree.但是,若在表示邀請(qǐng)、請(qǐng)求的句子中,some可以不變。如:Wouldyoulikesomeorangejuice
與此相關(guān)的一些不定代詞如something,somebody等也要進(jìn)行相應(yīng)變化。2.and變?yōu)閛r。如:Ihaveaknifeandaruler.→Idon'thaveaknifeoraruler.Youneedn’tworryaboutthejobandpay._Youneedn’tworryaboutthejoborpay.(Don’tneedto)3.alotof(=lotsof)變?yōu)閙any(修飾可數(shù)n)或much(修飾不可數(shù)n)。如:Theyhavealotoffriends.(可數(shù)名詞)→Theydon'thavemanyfriends.Thereislotsoforangeinthebottle.(不可數(shù)名詞)→Thereisn'tmuchorangeinthebottle.4.already變?yōu)閥et。如:Ihavebeentherealready.→Ihaven'tbeenthereyet.Ihavesentyouthemailalready.→Ihaven’tsentyouthemailyet.二:疑問(wèn)句questios分類:一般疑問(wèn)、特殊疑問(wèn)、反意疑問(wèn)、選擇疑問(wèn)一般疑問(wèn)句generalquestions:yes/noquestions型,一般可由yes/no來(lái)回答;11.一般疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu):A.be/助/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(becandohavewill等)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)+(其他),句子要讀升調(diào);Eg:Aretheyyourfriends
CanyouplaybasketballCanyouswimtotheotherside
Doeshegotoschoolonfoot
DoyoulikeEnglish
Haveyoulockedthedoor
Willyoubefreetonight以上均可用yes、no來(lái)回答。
B:陳述句亦可用作一般疑問(wèn)句,多用在非正式文體中,句末有問(wèn)號(hào),用升調(diào);Eg:Somebodyiswithyou
Hedidn’tfinishthework
YouarefreshfromAmerica,Isuppose
22.一般疑問(wèn)句的回答:除yes、no外,也可用certainly,probably,perhaps,ofcourse,allright,withpleasure等代替yes,用never,notatall等代替no;Eg:—Canyouhelpme
—Certainly.
—Couldyoupleasemakelessnoise
—Allright,sir.
—Haveyoubeenthere?
—Never.33.一般疑問(wèn)句的否定式:A.一般結(jié)構(gòu):系/助/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not+主語(yǔ);也可為:系/助/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+not。Eg:Doyounot/Don’tyoubelieveme
Isitnot/Isn’titalovelyday?
Areyounot/Aren’tyoucoming
Willyounot/Won’tyousitdown
Ishenot/Isn’theadoctor
Willhenot/Won’thegowithyou?DoesHelennot/Doesn’tHelenlikechocolate海倫不喜歡巧克力嗎
B.否定疑問(wèn)句并不單純表示提問(wèn),它常常帶有感情色彩;否定疑問(wèn)句的完全式比簡(jiǎn)略式所表達(dá)的語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)烈些;驚異、贊嘆或責(zé)難等語(yǔ)氣;暗示提問(wèn)者期待著肯定的回答;表示邀請(qǐng)或建議;Eg:Haven’tyoureadthenewspaper
Won’thecome他不來(lái)了啊
Shouldn’twestartnow?
Wasn’titaninterestingfilm?
Wouldn’tyouliketogowithme
Won’tyouhaveacupofcoffee
44.一般疑問(wèn)句否定式的回答:否定的一般疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)中,yes的含義為“不”,no的含義為“是”,但在回答這類句子時(shí),應(yīng)該注意yes后接肯定結(jié)構(gòu),no后接否定結(jié)構(gòu),這和漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣不同。Eg:—AreyounotMrSmith
—Yes,I
am.不,我是//
—No,Iamnot.是的,我不是
—Haven’tyoureadthisbookbefore—Yes,Ihave.不,我讀過(guò)//—No,Ihaven’t.是的,我沒(méi)有—Don’t
youplaychess—
Yes,Ido.不,我下棋//—No,Idon’t.是的,我不下棋。
教你一招:在這樣的答語(yǔ)中,只要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來(lái)判斷,如果事實(shí)上是,就用肯定的結(jié)構(gòu),前面接yes;如果事實(shí)上不是,就用否定結(jié)構(gòu),前面接no;但此時(shí)的yes、no應(yīng)翻譯成反義的中文。2.特殊問(wèn)句specialquestions:wh-questions型問(wèn)句,when.where.what.who.why.which.whose.11.特殊疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu):A.特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句;即特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be/助/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)+(其他).Eg:Whoisitonthephone誰(shuí)來(lái)的電話
Howmanyorangescanyouseeinthepicture?
Wheredidyoulastseeit
Whatdidyoueatyesterday
Howdoyouusuallygotoschool?
Whatcanbedoneaboutit
WhichareyoursWhatdidyousay
Whowouldliketocomeforagameoffootball?Whydidn’tyoutellme?
B:特殊疑問(wèn)句有時(shí)可有一個(gè)以上的疑問(wèn)詞;Eg:Whichpresentdidyougivetowhom
WhenandwheredidyoumeetC:特殊疑問(wèn)句有時(shí)須以介詞開(kāi)首;Eg:Bywhomisthebookwritten
Sincewhenhaveyoulivedhere
D:疑問(wèn)詞作主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)時(shí),與陳述句的語(yǔ)序相同;Eg:Whoisintheroom誰(shuí)在房間里
E:“why+一般疑問(wèn)句否定式”這種結(jié)構(gòu)一般表示勁告、建議、責(zé)備等,而不能歸為特殊問(wèn)句;Eg:Whydon’tyoucomeearlier
Whynotgoskiing為何不去滑雪呢22.特殊疑問(wèn)詞:疑問(wèn)代詞、疑問(wèn)副詞A.疑問(wèn)代詞:whowhomwhosewhichwhat指認(rèn)S指人O指所屬關(guān)系,做定語(yǔ)后接n指人或物,一定范圍、沒(méi)規(guī)定范圍的Eg:Whoisthegirlunderthetree
Whoisnothere
Whomareyouwritingto
Whomdoyouwanttosee
Whosepenisthis
Whosearethoseshoes
Whichgirlswillbeinthesportsmeeting
Whichhatislily’s
Whatcanyouseeinthepicture
Whatisintheteacher’sroom?B.疑問(wèn)副詞:when/where/why/how/howold/howmany/much/howoften/soon/far/long問(wèn)時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因方式年齡多少頻率速度距離
Eg:Whenwillshereturn
Wheredoyoucomefrom
Whyareyoulateforschool
Howdoyouusuallygotoschool
HowoldisJim’slittlebrother
Howmanyfriendsdoyouhave
Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool
HowlongwillyoustayinBeijing
Howoftendoyougotoseeyourgrandparents
Howsoonwillyoucomeback?33.特殊疑問(wèn)句的回答:簡(jiǎn)略/整句回答,不用yes、noEg:Whohasborrowedmybike
Jack.//Jackhasborrowedyourbike.
Whendidheborrowmybike?Thismorning.//Heborrowedyourbikethismorning.
Whereishe
Attheoffice.//Heisattheoffice.
Whatishedoingthere
Working.//Heisworking.
Whosebikeisthis
Mr.Smith’s.//It’sMr.Smith’sbike.3.選擇疑問(wèn)句:alternativequestions提出兩種或兩種以上的可能,問(wèn)對(duì)方選擇哪一種。其結(jié)構(gòu)可用一般疑問(wèn)句,也可用特殊疑問(wèn)句,供選擇的兩部分由or連接,前者用升調(diào),后者用降調(diào)。Eg:Willyougotherebybusorbytrain
Whatwouldyoulike,coffeeortea
Howmanypensdoyouhave,oneortwo?
11.一般疑問(wèn)句演化而來(lái)的:Eg:Isitrightorwrong?Aretheyreading,chattingorwatchingtelevision?Wereyouorhethere?
Doyouwanttogotherebylandorbyair?
22.特殊疑問(wèn)句演化而來(lái)的:Eg:Whichdoyoulikebetter,coffeeormilk
Whatcolourisit,red,blueoryellow
Whereareyougoing,totheclassroomortothelibraryHowshallwego,byseaorbyland33.ornot構(gòu)成的選擇疑問(wèn)句:Eg:Doyouwanttobuyitornot
Areyoureadyornot
44.選擇疑問(wèn)句的回答,非所問(wèn)語(yǔ),不用yes、no,而要用簡(jiǎn)略或完整的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)回答Eg:—Doyougotoworkbybusorbybike?
—Bybus.
—Whichwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?
—Coffee.55.or連接的選擇疑問(wèn)句,并列部分可為多種成分Eg:表語(yǔ),如:
—AreyouanEnglishmanoranAmerican?
—I’mfromEngland.
狀語(yǔ),如:
—Isthedelegationarrivingtodayortomorrow?
—Today,Ithink.
賓語(yǔ),如:
—Wouldyoulikecoffeeortea?
—Tea,please.
謂語(yǔ),如:
—ShallwewatchTVorgototheconcert?
—I’dprefertogototheconcert.
分句,如:
—ShallIcometopickyouuporshallwemeetattheairport?
—Asyouplease.4.反意疑問(wèn)句:disjunctivequestions是一種常用于口語(yǔ)的疑問(wèn)句,這種問(wèn)句由兩部分組成,前一部分是陳述句,后一部分是附加的一簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句(稱為questiontag),中間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),因此,反意疑問(wèn)句又稱附加疑問(wèn)句。如果前肯則后否;如果前否則后肯。附加問(wèn)句一般為“be、助、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+代詞”構(gòu)成,如:Eg:Theydidn’tcleantheclassroomyesterday,didthey?
Thisisyourcar,isn’tit
You’recoming,aren’tyou
Johndoesn’tliketea,doeshe?
Shecan’tswim,canshe?
Youdon’tlikerockmusic,doyou
11.反意疑問(wèn)句需注意的問(wèn)題:
Eg:前后代詞一致Heisyourteacher,isn’the
Lileigetsupatsixinthemorning,doesn’the
系、情態(tài)、助動(dòng)詞借助Tomhasfinishedhishomework,hasn’the?
ShewenttoShanghaiyesterday,didn’tshe?
含否定詞
There’slittlewaterinthebottle,isthere?
前后雙肯或雙否,有特殊含義
Yousoldthatlovelybracelet,didyou=I’msorryyoudid.
遺憾!22.反意疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)調(diào):通常陳述句部分用降調(diào),附加問(wèn)句用升調(diào):Hecan’tswim,canheLilylikessports,doesn’tshe
對(duì)自己的看法比較肯定而又希望聽(tīng)者同意這種看法時(shí),前后都用降調(diào):Youdon’tlikerockmusic,doyou?期望回答:No,Idon’t.
Youlikerockmusic,don’tyou?期望回答:Yes,Ido.
33.反意疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)
:A.一般由yes或no引導(dǎo)的簡(jiǎn)略語(yǔ)來(lái)回答,但是要注意時(shí)態(tài)及代詞的呼應(yīng)
Eg:—Sheisyourteacher,isn’tshe?
—Yes,sheis.
//
—No,sheisn’t.
—Lileigetsupatsixinthemorning,doesn’the?
—Yes,heis.//—No,heisn’t.
B.在前否定后肯定的,回答語(yǔ)中:yes譯成“不是”,no譯成“是的”。Eg:Shecan’tswim,canshe
Yes,shecan.//No,shecan’t.
Sheisn’tyourteacher,isshe?
Yes,sheis.
//No,sheisn’t.。
三.一些特殊問(wèn)句的反意疑問(wèn):1.陳述句是Iam…結(jié)構(gòu),反意問(wèn)句用aren’tI或amnotII’mright,aren’tI
//I’mlate,amnotI?
2.陳述句主語(yǔ)是不定代詞時(shí),如果是表物的everything,anything,something,nothing時(shí),反意問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)it,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如果是表人的everybody,everyone,somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nobody,noone時(shí),反意問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)可用they,也可用he,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用相應(yīng)的單、復(fù)數(shù),如:Nothingisserious,isitNoonewashurt,werethey
EverybodyknowswhatIsaid,don’tthey
Everyoneknowshisjob,doesn’the
3.如果陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是指示代詞this,that時(shí),疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用it,謂語(yǔ)單數(shù);如果陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是指示代詞these,those,則疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用they,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù),如:Thisisveryimportant,isn’tit
Thosearecups,aren’tthey
4.如果陳述部分以不定代詞one作主語(yǔ),附加疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)在正式場(chǎng)合用one,在非正式場(chǎng)合用you,如:
Onecan’tbetoocareful,canone(you)最認(rèn)真不過(guò)如此了,是嗎
5.陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是從句、不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)用it,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),如:Whatyousaidiswrong,isn’tit
TolearnEnglishwellisn’teasy,isit
PracticingspeakingEnglisheverymorningwilldoyougood,won’tit?
6.陳述句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是therebe,后邊的疑問(wèn)部分也用therebe形式,如:
Thereisanappleonthetable,isn’tthere?
There’resometreesontheisland,aren’tthere?7.陳述句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是wish,表示征求意見(jiàn)時(shí),反意問(wèn)句用may,如:
Iwishtohaveanotherpieceofcake,mayI
Iwishtogohomenow,mayI
8.陳述句句中有hardly,seldom,rarely,no,nothing,never,little,few,nobody,nowhere,barely,neither,too…to等表示否定意義的詞時(shí),反意問(wèn)句用肯定式,如:
Youwillneverforgetit,willyou
Thereisnothingonthetable,isthere
Shehasfewfriends,doesshe?
9.如果陳述句中的否定式僅帶有否定詞綴(前綴或后綴),則將其看成肯定句,反意問(wèn)句一般仍用否定式,如:Heisunfitforhisjob,isn’the
That’sunfair,isn’tit
10.前句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為have/has/hadto時(shí)其疑問(wèn)部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用don’t/doesn’t/didn’t,如:Hehastogetupatfourtomorrow,doesn’the?Theyhadtoleaveearly,didn’tthey?
11.陳述句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為usedto時(shí),其疑問(wèn)部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種形式,如:
HeusedtoliveinLondon,usedn’the/didn’the
Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar,usedn’tthere/didn’tthere?
12.陳述句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是oughtto,則疑問(wèn)部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用ought/oughtn’t代替,如:
Suchthingsoughtnottobeallowed,oughtthey?
Heoughttobepunished,oughtn’the?
或Weoughttogo,oughtwenot
或weoughttogo,shouldwenot
13.當(dāng)陳述部分有dare或need時(shí),若dare和need為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,疑問(wèn)部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用do的適當(dāng)形式;若dare和need為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,疑問(wèn)部分用dare或need構(gòu)成,如:
Weneedtodoit,don’twe
Youdaren’tgothere,dareyou
14.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must的句子
:1)若陳述句中強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的情況的推測(cè),疑問(wèn)部分用aren’t/isn’t+主語(yǔ),如:
Youmustbetired,aren’tyou?
2)前句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是musthave+過(guò)去分詞時(shí),若陳述句中強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)(一般有過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)),疑問(wèn)部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用didn’t+主語(yǔ),如:Hemusthavemetheryesterday,didn’the?
3)若陳述句中強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成,疑問(wèn)部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用haven’t/hasn’t+主語(yǔ),如:
Youmusthaveseenthefilm,haven’tyou?
4)若陳述部分的must表示“有必要”時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句的部分則用needn’t,如:
Youmustgohomerightnow,needn’tyou
你有必要馬上回家,是嗎
5)當(dāng)mustn’t表示禁止時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)部分一般用may,如:
Youmustn’twalkongrass,mayyou?
15.祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句,一般在句尾加willyou,如:
Givemeahand,willyou
Stopthatnoise,willyouDon’tforgetit,willyou?
Don’ttalkanymore,willyou?
注意:在陳述部分是肯定的句子中,也可用won’tyou。
16.let’s開(kāi)頭的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句用shallwe;letus開(kāi)頭的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句用willyou,如:
Let’sgothere,shallwe?Letusgothere,willyou?
在口語(yǔ)中,也可用下面形式:
Let’sgofishing.Allright(orOK)
17.主從復(fù)合句的附加問(wèn)句
1)復(fù)合句的反意疑問(wèn)句一般是根據(jù)主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)形式構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)部分的,如:
Hesaidthatwewerehappy,didn’the?
2)復(fù)合句的主句是Ithink(expect,suppose,believe,suspect,imagine)時(shí),附加問(wèn)句要根據(jù)主句而定,主語(yǔ)是第一人稱時(shí),要根據(jù)從句而定,主語(yǔ)為第二、三人稱時(shí),與主句保持一致,并且要注意否定的轉(zhuǎn)移,如:Isupposeheisserious,isn’the?
Youthinksheisagoodteacher,don’tyou?
Ibelievehecanfindhermothernowhere,canhe?
(注意,用nowhere為否定句)
Iexpecttheywillwinthematch,won’tthey?
Yourbrotherthinksyoucandothejobwell,doesn’the?
Idon’tthinkheisthesuitablemanforthejob,ishe?
18.并列復(fù)句的反意疑問(wèn)句
這種反意疑問(wèn)句,其疑問(wèn)部分一般與最接近的分句的主、謂語(yǔ)保持一致,如:
Wemuststartatonceorwecan’tgetthereontime,canwe?
Heisateacherbuthiswifeisn’tateacher,isshe?
四.感嘆句exclamatorysentence感嘆句一般是用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)的喜悅、驚訝等情感的。英語(yǔ)感嘆句常用"what"和"how"引導(dǎo),"what"和"how"與所修飾的詞置于句首,其它部分用陳述句語(yǔ)序。
1、由"what"引導(dǎo)的感嘆句:"what"意為"多么"用作定語(yǔ),修飾名詞(被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分),單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前要加不定冠詞a/an,復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。結(jié)構(gòu)形式是:what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+S+V.
Eg:Whataclevergirlsheis!Whataninterestingstoryitis!
Whatgoodchildrentheyare!Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!
Whatdeliciousfooditis!Whatheavysnowitis!
2、由"how"引導(dǎo)的感嘆句:"how"意為"多么",用作狀語(yǔ),修飾形容詞或副詞(被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分)。如果修飾形容詞,則句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用系動(dòng)詞;如果how修飾副詞,則句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用行為動(dòng)詞,結(jié)構(gòu)形式是:How+adj.(adv.)+S+V.
Eg:Howcolditistoday!Hownicethepicturesare!
Howhappytheylook!Howwellshesings!Howhardtheyareworkingnow!
3、在表示同一意義時(shí),英語(yǔ)感嘆既可用"what"引導(dǎo),也可用"how"引導(dǎo)。如:
Eg:Whatahotdayitis!Howhotthedayis!
Whattallbuildingstheyare!Howtallthebuildingsare!
Whatbadweatheritis!Howbadtheweatheris!
Whatbrightsunshineitis!Howbrightthesunshineis!
4、感嘆句在表示激動(dòng)強(qiáng)烈的感情時(shí),口語(yǔ)中常常采用省略句,其后面的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)往往略去。
Eg:Whatafineday!Whatanhonestboy!Whatredapples!
Howcool!Howwonderful!Socute!感嘆句專項(xiàng)練習(xí):whata/an+adj/adv+n+S+VHowadj/adv+S+V一、填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列感嘆句。1).()difficulthomeworkwehadyesterday!
2).()cutedogitis!3).()interestingthestoryis!4).()badtheweatherinEnglandis!5).()honestboyTomis
!6).()tastysmellthecakegaveoff!7).()goodtimewehadonthebeachyesterday!8).()excitingnewsyou'vebroughtus!9).()coolyournewcaris!10).()scarythesetigersare!二、選擇填空。A.How
B.HowanC.What
D.Whatan1.()fasttheboyran!2.()wellyousingbut()badlyhedances!3.()deliciousthesoupis!I’dlikesomemore.4.()foolstheywere!Theybelievedwhatthemansaid.5.()foolishtheywere!Theybelievedwhatthemansaid.6.()difficultquestionstheyare!Ican’tanswerthem.7.Imissmyfriendverymuch.()Iwanttoseeher!8.()lovelyweatherwearehavingthesedays!9.()beautifulyournewdressis!10.()interestingworkitistoteachchildren!三、所給句子填空,使填空句變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的感嘆句:1.Theboyswamveryfast.//()theboyswam!2.Theschooltripisveryexciting.//()theschooltripis!3.HeiLongjianglooksverybeautifulinwinter.()HeiLongJianglooksinwinter!4.Itisaveryusefuldictionary.()dictionaryitis!()dictionaryis!5.Thestudentsarelisteningverycarefully.//()thestudentsarelistening!Answers:一:What,Whata,How,How,Whatan,What,Whata,What,How,How二、BAACACACAC5.Howcarefully三、1.Howfast2.Howexciting3.Howbeautiful4.Whatauseful,Howusefulthe五,祈使句ImperativeSentence用于表達(dá)命令、請(qǐng)求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句,祈使句最常用于表達(dá)命令,因此在學(xué)校文法中也常稱為命令句。祈使句因?qū)ο螅粗髡Z(yǔ))是第二人稱,所以通常都省略;祈使句的動(dòng)詞都為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),句末則使用句號(hào)來(lái)表示結(jié)束。例:Goandwashyourhands.——命令)//Bequiet,please.(Pleasebequiet.)——請(qǐng)求)Bekindtooursister.(對(duì)姊妹要和善。//Watchyoursteps.——警告)Lookout!Danger?。ㄐ⌒?!危險(xiǎn)!——強(qiáng)烈警告,已如感嘆句)Keepoffthegrass.——禁止)//Noparking.——禁止)祈使句也常把主語(yǔ)“You”表達(dá)出來(lái),使對(duì)方聽(tīng)起來(lái)覺(jué)得柔和些,例如:Yougoandtellhim,Chris.1.相關(guān)口令:祈使句無(wú)主語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)you常省去;動(dòng)詞原形謂語(yǔ)當(dāng),句首加don't否定變;朗讀應(yīng)當(dāng)用降調(diào),句末常標(biāo)感嘆號(hào)。2.結(jié)構(gòu)形式:肯定/否定結(jié)構(gòu)11.肯定形式:do/be/letA.Do型:V原形+O+其它成分。如:Pleasehaveaseathere.請(qǐng)這邊坐。有的祈使句在意思明確時(shí),動(dòng)詞可省略:Thisway,please.=Gothisway,please.請(qǐng)這邊走。B.Be型:Be+P(n或adj)+其它成分。如:Beagoodboy!要做一個(gè)好孩子!C.Let型:Let+O+V原形+其它成分。如:Letmehelpyou.讓我來(lái)幫你。22.否定形式:do/be/let/notA.Do/Be型的否定在句首加don't,如:Don'tforgetme!Don'tbelateforschool!B.Let型的否定式有兩種:“Don't+let+O+V原形+其它成分”和“Let+O+not+V原形+其它成分”:Don'tlethimgo./Lethimnotgo.C.有些可用no開(kāi)頭,用來(lái)表示禁止性的,如:Nosmoking!Nofishing!翻譯:1.請(qǐng)照看好您的包。2.讓我們?nèi)W(xué)校吧!3.親愛(ài)的,高興點(diǎn)兒!4.不要把書(shū)放這兒。5.不要讓貓進(jìn)來(lái)。Key:1.Pleaselookafteryourbag.2.Let'sgotoschool.3.Beglad,dear4.Don'tputthebookhere.5.Don'tletthecatcomein/Letthecatnotcomein33.經(jīng)典例句練習(xí):(1)Letmetry.(2)Let'sdoit.(3)Letmegoandlookforit.(4)a.Don'tdisturbhim.b.Let'snotdisturbhim.(5)LetRoberttakechargeofthemarketingdepartment.(6)Letherjoinourchoir.(7)Lethimtryandhewillexposehisinabilitytoworkonhisown.(8)Lettheinvaderscomeandourarmedforceswillwipethemoutinnotime.第三人稱用"Don'tlet.....";第一人稱,則用"Let......not"(9)Don'tletthistypeofthingshappenagain.(10)It'srainingnow.Let'snotgooutuntilaftertherain."Let"只適用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(thepassivevoice):(11)Lettherecalcitrantcriminalsbesenttoprison.(12)Letallthededicatedcapablestaffbepromote
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