高考英語閱讀微技能訓(xùn)練主旨大意

閱讀微技能訓(xùn)練3一主旨大意（1）主旨大意題是高考閱讀理解的主要題型之一， 旨在考查考生對鍛煉大意或者文章中心思想的把握和歸納能力。此類題數(shù)量較大，在15個題中約占3-4個。?設(shè)問特點(diǎn)：.考查全文主旨或段落大意。正確選項(xiàng)概況范圍大小恰當(dāng)，主旨判斷準(zhǔn)確。.錯誤選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)常常是太大、太窄或者偏離主題，主觀臆斷。.常以mainidea,bestidea,subject,mainlydiscuss 等詞提問。?常考問題：」）.中心思想類TOC\o"1-5"\h\zThemainpoint/ideaofthepassageis …Thepassageismainlyabout…Thepassagemainlydiscusses…Thelastbutoneparagraphischieflyconcernedwith …？Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?.標(biāo)題類Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe ….目的類Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto …Thepassageismeantto???.Inwritingthispassage,theauthormainlyintendsto …?技巧點(diǎn)撥：.尋找主題句：抓住段落或文章主題的捷徑之一就是在段落或文章中尋找主題句。主題句是指能表達(dá)或概況段落主題或文章主要內(nèi)容的句子， 通常是一個簡潔、完整、具有概況性的句子，較多出現(xiàn)在說明文和議論文中，而其他句子則圍繞著主題句展開進(jìn)行說明解釋或擴(kuò)展。主題句在文中的位置：1）開門見山：提出主題細(xì)節(jié)支撐闡明主題2）段末點(diǎn)睛：細(xì)節(jié)描述歸納要點(diǎn)概括主題3）段中點(diǎn)旨：細(xì)節(jié)描述一歸納主題一進(jìn)一步解釋4）無主題句：考生需根據(jù)文章中所敘述的事實(shí)或提供的線索來概括和總結(jié)文章的大意.捕捉關(guān)鍵詞：略讀是概括和歸納文章或段落大意的基本方法。 略讀時要快，把注意力集中在關(guān)鍵詞 （即實(shí)詞）上，非關(guān)鍵詞（即虛詞）則一帶而過。注意出現(xiàn)頻率高的詞可能是蘊(yùn)涵中心思想的關(guān)鍵詞，分析歸納篩選出最能表達(dá)主旨或這這意圖的關(guān)鍵詞，繼而確定文章的主旨大.仔細(xì)推敲選項(xiàng):干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)有：“以偏概全”：選項(xiàng)范圍太窄，只表達(dá)局部信息或某一細(xì)節(jié)，片面、單一的內(nèi)容應(yīng)排除，注意鎖定選項(xiàng)中的重點(diǎn)詞?！爸黝}擴(kuò)大”：概括范圍太寬，表達(dá)的內(nèi)容超出或多于文章闡述的內(nèi)容。這種選項(xiàng)可以反過來考慮，若以這個主題，這篇文章可以“斷章取義”：根據(jù)某一句話或者某幾句就斷然指定段落的大意。?技巧操練：例1:Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterriblediseases(illness)cancers,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexampleitcan.giveona “smoker'scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekillercancer,smokingisharmful.Tothink:Whichsentenceisthetopicsentence?Whichsentencesarethesupportingsentences?Whichsentenceistheconcludingsentence?例2:Sometimesananimalhasaplantpartner.Therelationshipdevelopsuntilthetwopartnerscannotmanagewithouteachother.Thisissoin thecoralsofthesea.Intheirskinstheyhavetinyplantswhichactas"dustman",takingsomeofthewasteproductsfromthecoralsandgivinginreturnoxygenwhichtheanimalneedstobreathe.Iftheplantsarekilled,orareevenpreventedfromlightsothattheycannotlivenormally,thecoralswilldie.Whatdoestheparagraphmainlydiscuss?Someanimalsandplantsdependoneachotherforexistence.Someanimalsandplantsdeveloptheirrelationshipeasily.Someplantsdependoneachotherforfood.Someanimalslivebettertogether.例3:Alaska'sicewaterteemswithfish.Fishingindustryistheleadingindustry.Thevalueofproductspreparedeveryyearformarketisabout$1000,000,000.ThisformstheimportantpartofAlaska'swealth.Thepassagedealswith.A.geographyofAlaskaB.fishingindustryofAlaskaC.fishmarketofAlaskaD.Alaska'swealth例4:Drivingacarisnotjusthandlingcontrolsandjudgingspeedanddistance.Itrequiresyoutopredictwhatotherroaduserswilldoandgetreadytoreacttosomethingunexpected,Whenalcoholisconsumed,itentersyourbloodstreamandactsasadepressant,damagingeyesight,judgmentandco-ordination,slowingdownreactiontimeandgreatlyincreasingtheriskofaccidents.Evenbelowthedrinkdrivinglimit,drivingwillbeaffected.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout.A.theintroductionofdrivingskillsB.thedamageofdrinkingtoyourbodyC.theeffectofdrinkingondrivingD.theprocessofalcoholbeingabsorbed例5:Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows"everything"mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.Themainideaofthispassageristhat.aninnocentpersonlooksmoreguiltythanaprofessionalcriminaldoesthemanwhoknows"everything"mayreallyknowsnothingwearefoolishifwejudgeapersononlybyhisappearanceitisdifficulttotelltheguiltyfromtheinnocent.例6:Campingwildisawonderfulwaytoexperiencethenaturalworldand,atitbest,itmakeslittleenvironmentalinfluence.Butwithincreasingnumbersofpeoplewantingtoescapeintothewilderness,itisbecomingmoreandmoreimportanttocampunobtrusively（ 不弓I人注目地）andleavenomark.Wildcampingisnotpermittedinmanyplaces,particularlyincrowdedlowlandBritain.Whereveryouare,findoutaboutorganizationsresponsibleformanagingwildspaces,andcontactthemtofindouttheirpolicyoncampingandshelterbuilding.Forexample,itisfinetocampwildinremotepartsofScotland,butinEnglandyoumustaskthelandowner'spermission,exceptinnationalparks.Campingisabouthavingrelaxation,sleepingoutdoors,experiencingbadweather,andmakingdowithoutmodernconveniences.Abusy,fully-equippedcampsiteseemstogoagainstthis,soseekoutsmaller,moreremoteplaceswitheasyaccesstoopenspacesandperhapsbeaches.Betterstill,findacampsitewithnoroadaccess:Walkinginmakesarealadventure.Findingtherightspottocampisthefirststeptoguaranteeingagoodnight'ssleep.Chooseacampsitewithprivacyandminimuminfluenceonothersandtheenvironment.Trytouseanareawherepeoplehaveobviouslycampedbeforeratherthancreatinganewspot.Whencampinginwoodland,avoidstandingdeadtrees,Whichmayfallonawindynight.Avoidanimalrunsandcaves,andpossiblehomesofbitinginsects.Makesureyouhavemostprotectiononthewindwardside.Ifyoumakeafire,dosodownwindofyourshelter.Alwaysconsiderwhatinfluenceyoumighthaveonthenaturalworld.Avoiddamagingplants.Agoodcampsiteisfound,notmade-changingitshouldbeunnecessary.Thepassageismainlyabout.A.theprotectionofcampsites B.theimportanceofwildcampingC.thehumaninfluenceoncampsites D.thedosanddon'tsofwildcamping例7:Magellan'smenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld.Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship.MagellanwasfromPortugal, buthesailedfortheKingofSpain.OnSeptember20,1519,heleftSpainwithfiveshipsand240men.AfterpassingthetipofSouthAmerica,theyreachedthePacificOcean,onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear.Veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelackoffoodandfreshwater.Manyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseases.Theyevenhadtoliveonsawdust.Fin allyinApril1521,MagellangottothePhilippineIslands,wherehewaskilled.Hismenfledandcontinuedth eirvoyageacrosstheIndianOcean.ItwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheypassedtheCapeofGoodHope.BythetimetheyreturnedtoSpainonDecember21,1521,sevenoutofeveryeightmenhaddied.Magellan'svoyageprovedthatmencouldsailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeball.6.Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Magellan'sDeathB.GoingAroundTheWorldC.TheWorldIsRoundD.Magellan'sVoyage例8:Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills.Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence,accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren,withthe introductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs(READ).The「SaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea.aLiteracyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerself-respect,andregardreadingasaheadache,"saidLisaMyron,managerofthechildren 'sdepartment.LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“DogDayAfternoon"inthechildren'sdepartmentofthemainlibrary.About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday-afternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“pawgraphed“bookatthelastclass.Theprogramwassosuccessfulthatthe