歷年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀長(zhǎng)難句解析

歷年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀長(zhǎng)難句解析歷年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀長(zhǎng)難句解析歷年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀長(zhǎng)難句解析資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月歷年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀長(zhǎng)難句解析版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁(yè)次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：歷年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀疑難長(zhǎng)句解析Aninvisibleborderdividesthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroom/onthebehalfofstudents'careerprospectsandthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomforbroaderreasonsofradicaleducationalreform.(1999年真題)【分析】句子主干是由divides...and...(使……對(duì)立)搭配連接而成。兩個(gè)those后面的分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾those。句子主干為：Aninvisibleborderdividesthoseandthose.【翻譯】一種看不到的鴻溝，把那些主張為了學(xué)生有更好的職業(yè)前景而把電腦引入課堂的人和那些主張為了獲得徹底教育革新更廣泛理由而把電腦引入課堂的人的觀點(diǎn)對(duì)立起來(lái)。Veryfewwritersonthesubjecthaveexploredthisdistinction——indeed,contradiction——Whichgoestotheheartofwhatiswrongwiththecampaign/toputcomputersintheclassroom.(1999年真題)【分析】句子主干為：Veryfewwritershaveexploredthisdistinction.“onthesubject”介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)修飾“veryfewwriters”,“whichgoestotheheartofwhatiswrongwiththecampaigntoputcomputersintheclassroom”是定語(yǔ)從句修飾“thisdistinction”的?！痉g】很少有作者在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上去探究這種差異，實(shí)際上，他們是互相矛盾的。而這種差異正是探究把計(jì)算機(jī)引入課堂運(yùn)動(dòng)問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵。But,forasmallgroupofstudents,professionaltrainingmightbethewaytogosincewell-developedskills,allotherfactorsbeingequal,canbethedifferencebetweenhavingajobandnot.(1999年真題)【分析】本句不難，重在對(duì)since引導(dǎo)從句的理解，這里since是表示因果關(guān)系的連詞，表示“因?yàn)椤?，諸如此類比較隱蔽的因果關(guān)系的連詞還有as,as表示原因,可譯為“由于，鑒于”，如：Ashewasnotwell,Idecidedtogowithouthim(因?yàn)樗×?，我決定一個(gè)人去)?！痉g】但是，對(duì)于一小部分學(xué)生而言，職業(yè)培訓(xùn)也許是一種很好的途徑，因?yàn)?，在其他條件相同的情況下，擁有良好的技能對(duì)他們找工作結(jié)果的影響是不一樣的。Thefact/thattheapplefelldowntowardtheearthandnotupintothetree/answeredthequestion/hehadbeenaskinghimselfaboutthoselargerfruitsoftheheavens,themoonandtheplanets.(1999年真題)【分析】句子主干：Thefactansweredthequestion.“thattheapplefelldowntowardtheearthandnotupintothetree”，“hehadbeenaskinghimselfaboutthoselargerfruitsoftheheavens,themoonandtheplanets”分別是thefact和thequestion的同位語(yǔ)，對(duì)其進(jìn)行說(shuō)明?！痉g】蘋果向下落到地面而不是向上飛到樹上，這一事實(shí)回答了他長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直對(duì)天空中更大天體——月球和行星所存在的疑問(wèn)。Itisentirelyreasonableforauditorstobelievethatscientists/whoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthere/shouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeepingoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope.(1999年真題)【分析】句子主干為：Itisentirelyreasonableforauditorstobelievethatscientistsshouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeepingoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope.“whoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthere”是定語(yǔ)從句修飾“scientists”的。【翻譯】審記員們完全有理由相信，那些確切地知道他們的目標(biāo)和實(shí)現(xiàn)方法的科學(xué)家不應(yīng)該由于一邊做著科學(xué)試驗(yàn)一邊需要盯著經(jīng)濟(jì)利益而分心。Thegrandmediocrityoftoday—everyonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoff-spring—means/thatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classIndia/comparedtothetribes.(2000年真題)【分析】句子主干為：Thegrandmediocrityoftoday/meansthat/naturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classIndia.“everyonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoff-spring”是插入部分，是對(duì)thegrandmediocrityoftoday的一個(gè)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。“comparedtothetribes”分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，修飾“that”引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，表示that引導(dǎo)從句所說(shuō)明的情況在thetribes同樣地發(fā)生了。(這里注意comparedto與comparedwith的區(qū)別。comparedto側(cè)重于表達(dá)“相當(dāng)于、等同于”的含義；comparedwith側(cè)重于表達(dá)“與……相比較”的含義。)【翻譯】今天的普通大眾，每個(gè)人有著同樣生存機(jī)會(huì)和同樣數(shù)量的后代，這意味著，自然選擇在印度上流社會(huì)已經(jīng)失去了80%以上的影響，在一些部落里情況也是一樣。Howeveramazedourdescendantsmaybeat/howfarfromUtopiawewere,theywilllookjustlikeus.(2000年真題)【分析】該句理解難點(diǎn)在于分清however和how引導(dǎo)的是疑問(wèn)句還是感嘆句。這里兩者引導(dǎo)的是兩個(gè)感嘆句充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句(however和how表示感嘆語(yǔ)氣“無(wú)論……”，只不過(guò)前者表達(dá)的語(yǔ)氣更加強(qiáng)烈些)?！痉g】不論我們的后代對(duì)我們距理想狀態(tài)之遙遠(yuǎn)感到多么驚訝，他們的長(zhǎng)相將和我們一樣。Inthetwentiethcentury,localstudieshaveincreasinglybecomeacceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincorporate,andreflecton,thewidergeologicalpicture.(2001年真題)【分析】對(duì)于if引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的理解方法，我們可以采用兩遍法。首先從主句到從句順讀一遍，然后先從if從句開(kāi)始，再由從句到主句逆讀一遍，含義自然就明了(increasingly越來(lái)越……)?！痉g】在20世紀(jì)，區(qū)域地質(zhì)學(xué)研究只有在包含并思考范圍更廣泛的地質(zhì)學(xué)問(wèn)題時(shí)，才會(huì)越來(lái)越被專業(yè)人員所接受。(注：picture，這里是引申用法，指情況或研究的問(wèn)題。)Forthewomenofmygeneration/whowereurgedtokeepjugglingthroughthe80s,downshiftinginthemid-90s/isnotsomuchasearch/forthemythicalgoodlife——growingyourownorganicvegetables,andriskingturningintoone/——asapersonalrecognitionofyourlimitations.(2001年真題)【分析】本句主干由notsomuch...as...(其準(zhǔn)確的翻譯應(yīng)為“與其……不如……”，而這種翻譯成中文之后通常讓人產(chǎn)生理解上的障礙。這種搭配出現(xiàn)在客觀試題的閱讀文章中，通常可以直接把它理解成“不是……而是……”，讓句意更加清晰)固定搭配連接構(gòu)成的一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句。定語(yǔ)從句“whowereurgedtokeepjugglingthroughthe80s,downshiftinginthemid-90s”修飾“thewomenofmygeneration”。插入部分“growingyourownorganicvegetables,andriskingturningintoone”，是對(duì)“themythicalgoodlife”的具體說(shuō)明。句子主干為：Forthewomenofmygenerationisnotsomuchasearchforthemythicalgoodlifeasapersonalrecognitionofyourlimitations.【翻譯】對(duì)于我們這一代曾在整個(gè)80年代為生活奔波的女性來(lái)說(shuō)，90年代中期過(guò)著放慢生活節(jié)奏的生活，與其說(shuō)是追求神話般的美好生活——自已種有機(jī)蔬菜，冒著變得毫無(wú)生機(jī)的危險(xiǎn)——倒不如說(shuō)我們都認(rèn)識(shí)到了自己的局限。(注：one指代vegetable，引申是精神上像植物一樣沒(méi)有生氣的人。)Downshifting——alsoknowninAmericaas“voluntarysimplicity”——has,ironically,evenbredanewareaof/whatmightbetermed/anti-consumerism.(2001年真題)【分析】由于插入成分，句子顯得稍長(zhǎng)。對(duì)于有插入成分構(gòu)成的長(zhǎng)句，首先要忽略插入成分，直接理解主句，然后再理解插入成分。插入成分通常是對(duì)緊鄰的前一句內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，在理解插入成分時(shí)，應(yīng)該結(jié)合所說(shuō)明的內(nèi)容一起理解。句子主干為：Downshiftinghasbredanewareaof/whatmightbetermed/anti-consumerism.【翻譯】頗具諷刺意義的是，“放慢生活節(jié)奏”，在美國(guó)被稱為“甘愿簡(jiǎn)樸”的生活方式居然產(chǎn)生出一個(gè)可稱為“反消費(fèi)主義”的新領(lǐng)域。Ihavediscovered,asperhapsKelseywill/afterhermuch-publicizedresignationfromtheeditorshipofShe/afterabuildupofstress,/thatabandoningthedoctrineof“jugglingyourlife”,/andmakingthealternativemoveinto“downshifting”bringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessand/socialstatus.(2001年真題)【分析】本句狀語(yǔ)較多，再加上多個(gè)并列動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)，導(dǎo)致句式較長(zhǎng)，難以形成連貫的語(yǔ)義。理解方法是學(xué)會(huì)斷句和抓主干。本句主干是由discovered后面帶一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成。主干為：Ihavediscoveredthat/abandoningthedoctrineof“jugglingyourlife”,/andmakingthealternativemoveinto“downshifting”bringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessand/socialstatus.“asperhapsKelseywill”是伴隨狀語(yǔ)從句的主干，“afterhermuch-publicizedresignationfromtheeditorshipofShe/afterabuildupofstress”是兩個(gè)并列介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)修飾“asperhapsKelseywill”，“abandoningthedoctrineof‘jugglingyourlife’,/andmakingthealternativemoveinto‘downshifting’”是兩個(gè)并列動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)?！痉g】我發(fā)現(xiàn)，放棄那種“忙碌地應(yīng)付生活”的信念而選擇“放慢生活節(jié)奏”會(huì)帶來(lái)比金錢和社會(huì)地位更大的回報(bào)。經(jīng)受過(guò)長(zhǎng)期巨大壓力，凱爾西從《女性》雜志編輯部退下來(lái)之后，恐怕她也將與我有同樣的發(fā)現(xiàn)。Ihavebeentransformedfrom/apassionateadvocateofthephilosophyof“havingitall”,preachedbyLindaKelsey/forthepastsevenyears/inthepageofShemagazine,intoawoman/whoishappytosettleforabitofeverything.(2001年真題)【分析】本句是由o...(從……轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤?固定搭配連接構(gòu)成的長(zhǎng)句。句子主干為：Ihavebeentransformedfromapassionateadvocateofthephilosophyof“havingitall”intoawomanwhoishappytosettleforabitofeverything.“preachedbyLindaKelsey”，分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾“thephilosophyof‘havingitall’”?！皐hoishappytosettleforabitofeverything”定語(yǔ)從句修飾“woman”。【翻譯】我已經(jīng)從“擁有一切”哲學(xué)的積極倡導(dǎo)者，轉(zhuǎn)化成一個(gè)對(duì)一切淺嘗輒止就心滿意足的婦女。過(guò)去七年里琳達(dá)·凱爾西在《女性》雜志再三宣揚(yáng)這種哲學(xué)。Itidentifiestheunder-treatmentofpain/andtheaggressiveuseof“ineffectualandforcedmedicalprocedures/thatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying”/asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.(2002年真題)【分析】本句主干部分是由identify...as...(把……識(shí)別為……)固定搭配連接構(gòu)成的。同時(shí)identifies后面所接的兩個(gè)并列賓語(yǔ)成分(theunder-treatmentofpain，theaggressiveuseofineffectualandforcedmedicalprocedures)增加了句子的理解難度。句子主干為：Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpain/andtheaggressiveuseof“ineffectualandforcedmedicalprocedures/asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.定語(yǔ)從句“thatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying”，修飾“theaggressiveuseof‘ineffectualandforcedmedicalprocedures’”而不是“theunder-treatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof‘ineffectualandforcedmedicalprocedures’”，這里要學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句所修飾詞語(yǔ)范圍的限定，通常結(jié)合文中的句意來(lái)確定?！痉g】該報(bào)告把對(duì)病痛處理不力和堅(jiān)持使用無(wú)效及強(qiáng)制性醫(yī)療手段從而有可能延長(zhǎng)病人死亡時(shí)間，致使病人臨終時(shí)痛苦不堪，確定為臨終護(hù)理方面存在的兩大問(wèn)題。TheAmericanspymaster/whobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarII/andlater/laidtherootsfortheCIA/wasfascinatedwithinformation.(2003年真題)【分析】句子主干為：TheAmericanspymasterwasfascinatedwithinformation.“whobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarII/andlater/laidtherootsfortheCIA”是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾“TheAmericanspymaster”?！痉g】這位在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中建立了戰(zhàn)略情報(bào)局且后來(lái)為中央情報(bào)局奠定基礎(chǔ)的美國(guó)間諜頭子對(duì)信息收集非常癡迷。Physicians——frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethedisease/andfearinglossofhopeinthepatient——toooftenofferaggressivetreatment/farbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.(2003年真題)【分析】句子主干為：Physicianstoooftenofferaggressivetreatment.插入部分“frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethedisease/andfearinglossofhopeinthepatient”是分詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾physicians。介詞短語(yǔ)“farbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified”作定語(yǔ)修飾“aggressivetreatment”?！痉g】?jī)?nèi)科醫(yī)生由于不能治愈疾病，同時(shí)擔(dān)心病人失去希望，常常采取極端大膽的治療方法，這些方法遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了科學(xué)許可的界限。AbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustry,isapromisingstart.(2005年真題)【分析】句子主干：Abillisapromisingstart.“whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustry”是修飾“abill”的定語(yǔ)從句?！痉g】來(lái)自西弗吉尼亞州的民主黨參議員羅伯特·伯德提出的一項(xiàng)議案是一個(gè)很有希望的開(kāi)端，該議案提出將對(duì)私人企業(yè)給予財(cái)政上的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep——whenmostvividdreamsoccur——asitiswhenfullyawake.(2005年真題)【分析】句子主干由as...as...(和……一樣……)固定搭配構(gòu)成。句子主干：Thebrainisasactiveasitiswhenfullyawake.介詞短語(yǔ)“duringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep”作狀語(yǔ)修飾“active”，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句“whenmostvividdreamsoccur”修飾“REM(rapideyemovement)sleep”?！痉g】大腦活動(dòng)在眼球迅速運(yùn)動(dòng)的睡眠時(shí)期中同完全醒時(shí)一樣，最生動(dòng)的夢(mèng)境就出現(xiàn)在那時(shí)。Withmuchpractice/peoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.(2005年真題)【分析】句子主干：peoplecanlearntodoitintheirsleep.本句難點(diǎn)在于literally的理解，表示“客觀地，實(shí)際上”?！皐ithmuchpractice”，with引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，修飾整個(gè)句子?！痉g】多加練習(xí)的話，人們就真能在睡眠時(shí)控制夢(mèng)境了。Americannolongerexpectspublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.(2005年真題)【分析】句子主干：AmericannolongerexpectspublicfigurestocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.“whether...or...”引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“無(wú)論是……還是……”?！痉g】美國(guó)人不再指望公眾人物在演講或?qū)懽髦袐故斓剡\(yùn)用技巧和文采來(lái)駕馭英語(yǔ)。JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.(2005年真題)【分析】本句主干由see...as...(把……看作……)連接構(gòu)成。句子主干：JohnMcWhorterseesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.“mixedliberalandconservativeviews”分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，修飾controversialist。【翻譯】約翰·麥克沃特是位喜歡爭(zhēng)辯的語(yǔ)言學(xué)家，他的觀點(diǎn)混雜著保守派與自由派的看法，他認(rèn)為，20世紀(jì)60年代反文化傳統(tǒng)的得勢(shì)是造成正式英語(yǔ)水平下降的原因。It’snotobvious/howthecapacitytovisualizeobjec