英語六級(jí)經(jīng)典長難句分析

英語六級(jí)經(jīng)典長難句分析英語六級(jí)經(jīng)典長難句分析英語六級(jí)經(jīng)典長難句分析xxx公司英語六級(jí)經(jīng)典長難句分析文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度英語六級(jí)經(jīng)典長難句分析（15句）1.Thisisadifficultandunpleasantbusinessandfewanimalswouldsurviveiftheyhadtostartfromthebeginningandlearnabouttheworldwhollybytrialanderror,fortherearethehavepossibledecisionswhichwouldprovefatal.(1992.閱讀.6.Text2)【譯文】這是個(gè)困難而又糟糕的事，因?yàn)槿绻麆?dòng)物出生后不得不從頭學(xué)習(xí)生存本領(lǐng)，并且僅僅依靠嘗試錯(cuò)誤體驗(yàn)世界，那么只有極少數(shù)動(dòng)物能夠存活，因?yàn)樗鼈冏龀龅臎Q定有可能是致命的。【析句】復(fù)合句。主句由and連接兩個(gè)并列句子組成，Thisisadifficultandunpleasantbusinessandfewanimalswouldsurvive,and前的句子是簡單句，and后的句子后又跟有if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句和for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句fortherearedecisions,decisions又有which引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾。2.Vigorouscriticismisconstructiveinsciencemorethaninsomeotherareasofhumanendeavorbecauseinitthereareadequatestandardsofvaliditywhichcanbeagreeduponbycompetentscientiststheworldover.(1992.閱讀.6.Text3)【譯文】激烈的批評在科學(xué)界比在其他人類智慧領(lǐng)域更能起到建設(shè)性的作用，這是因?yàn)樵诳茖W(xué)世界里有足夠多的有效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)被全世界的優(yōu)秀科學(xué)家們共同認(rèn)可?！疚鼍洹繌?fù)合句。主句Vigorouscriticismisconstructiveinsciencemorethaninsomeotherareasofhumanendeavor,句中主要包含了比較級(jí)，具體是介詞短語的比較級(jí)。主句后是原因狀語從句becausethereareadequatestandardsofvalidity,定語從句whichcanbeagreeduponby...修飾standardsofvalidity。3.He’sahistorianofscienceatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologywhohasdiscoveredsomethingelsethesetwomen-and,indeed,mostofthemajorpioneersinscienceoverthelast400years-haveincommon:theywere,likeSullowayhimself,precededinbirthbyatleastoneotherbrotherorsister.(1992.閱讀.6.Text4)【譯文】他是麻省理工學(xué)院的一名科學(xué)歷史學(xué)家，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了這兩位科學(xué)家——實(shí)際上也是過去400年里多數(shù)科學(xué)界領(lǐng)軍人物的共同點(diǎn)：那些人和Sulloway自己一樣都至少由一個(gè)哥哥或姐姐?！疚鼍洹繌?fù)合句。主句He'sahistorianofscienceatMIT，后面是定語從句whohasdiscoveredsomethingelse,thesetwomen-...-haveincommon是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語從句修飾somethingelse,破折號(hào)內(nèi)的內(nèi)容andmostofthemajorpioneers...作插入語。最后，引號(hào)后的句子是somethingelse的具體內(nèi)容。4.Thereareseveralstepsthatcanbetaken,ofwhichthechiefoneistodemandofalltheorganizationsthatexistwiththedeclaredobjectivesofsafeguardingtheinterestsofanimalsthattheyshoulddeclareclearlywheretheystandonviolencetowardspeople.(1993.閱讀.6.Text1)【譯文】可以采取若干措施，其中最主要的是要求所有宣稱保護(hù)動(dòng)物權(quán)益的組織明確表明他們在暴力襲擊事件中所持的立場?！疚鼍洹勘纠渲邪鄠€(gè)層層相扣的從句。主句很簡單，Thereareseveralsteps,steps后緊跟有定語從句thatcanbetaken,ofwhich相當(dāng)于ofseveralsteps,引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句修飾severalsteps。而ofwhichthechiefoneistodemandofalltheorganizations...that...中，包含短語demandofsbthat...,todemandof為不定式作表語，alltheorganizations作demandof的間接賓語，并且后面有thatexistwiththedeclared...animals作定語從句修飾，demand的直接賓語是that賓語從句thattheyshoulddeclarewheretheystandon...,where引導(dǎo)declare的賓語從句。5.Thus,forthoseindividualswhoareinterestedinpreservingboththequalityandquantityoflife,personalhealthchoicesshouldreflectthosebehaviorsthatareassociatedwithastatisticalprobabilityofincreasedvitalityandlongevity.(1993.閱讀.6.Text4)【譯文】因此，對于那些有心保持生活數(shù)量和質(zhì)量的人來說，個(gè)人的健康選擇應(yīng)該能夠反映那些從數(shù)據(jù)上顯示可能使人提高活力、延長壽命的行為?！疚鼍洹繌?fù)合句。句首，forthoseindividuals后有定語從句whoareinterestedinpreserving...life修飾thoseindividuals,句中是主句personalhealthchoicesshouldreflectthosebehaviors,而behaviors后也有that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾。主句前后都有從句修飾，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是對成的。6.Aresearchpaper,assignedinacourseandperhapscheckedatvariousstagesbyaninstructor,leadsyoubeyondclassroom,beyondthetextsforclassesandintoaprocesswherethejoyofdiscoveryandlearningcancometoyoumanytimes.(1994.閱讀.1.Text3)【譯文】導(dǎo)師在某門課程上布置研究論文，并在不同階段進(jìn)行檢查，這能夠使你的學(xué)習(xí)超越課堂，超越課本，進(jìn)入到一個(gè)你能多次體會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)和發(fā)現(xiàn)的樂趣的過程?！疚鼍洹繌?fù)合句。主句是Aresearchpaperleadsyoubeyond...,beyond...andintoaprocess。謂語動(dòng)詞leads后有多個(gè)并列的介詞短語。而assignedinacourseandcheckedat...instructor是過去分詞作定語修飾aresearchpaper,同時(shí)也是插入語。最后，在aprocess后有where引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾。7.Inourculture,thesourcesofwhatwecallasenseof“mastery”—feelingimportantandworth-while-andthesourcesofwhatwecallasense“pleasure”-findinglifeenjoyable-arenotalwaysidentical.(1994.閱讀.1.Text4)【譯文】在我們的文化中，我們常說的“控制感”——感覺自己很重要有價(jià)值，與“快樂感”——發(fā)現(xiàn)生活的樂趣，它們的來源是不盡相同的。【析句】例句1句子看起來很長，但結(jié)構(gòu)并不復(fù)雜。句子主干是thesourcesof...andthesourcesof...arenotalwaysidentical,有兩個(gè)并列的主語thesourcesof,而兩個(gè)of后各有一個(gè)what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句whatwecallasenseof...。同時(shí)，主語后各有一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞伴隨狀語，位于破折號(hào)后。8.Ironically,thosethingsthatkeepusfromknowinganotherpersontoowell(e.g.,secretsanddeceptions)maybejustasimportanttothedevelopmentofsatisfyingrelationshipasthosethingsthatenableustoobtainaccurateknowledgeaboutaperson(e.g.,disclosureandtruthfulstatements).(1995.閱讀1.1.Text1)【譯文】讓人感到諷刺的是，那些阻礙我們了解別人的東西(比如秘密和欺騙)對于培養(yǎng)令人滿意的友誼，或許與那些使我們準(zhǔn)確了解別人的東西(比如坦白和真話)同樣重要?！疚鼍洹繌?fù)合句。主句是thosethingsmaybejustasimportantto...asthosethings，包含了as...tosb/sthas...比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)。主語thosethings后有定語從句thatkeepusfromknowinganotherpersontoowell,而介詞賓語thosethings后也有that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾，這樣就使得整個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)前后對稱，工整順口。9.Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatofattractiveovernightsuccesses.(1995.閱讀.6.Text2)【譯文】但是，有趣的是，比起長相漂亮的人，長相不美者的迅速成功更容易歸功于個(gè)人關(guān)系助力，而非能力卓越?！疚鼍洹窟@也是個(gè)比較句。比較結(jié)構(gòu)是theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoreto...andlessto...thanwasthatof...,比較的對象是theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccess與wasthatofattractiveovernightsuccess,其中that指代therise。而比較的形式是動(dòng)詞詞組attributeto的比較級(jí)，且由and連接兩個(gè)并列的比較級(jí)。10.Intermsofourcapacitytosampletherelevantuniverses,however,andtheprobabilitythatourimagesoftheseuniversesareatleastapproximatelycorrect,onesuspectsthatareverseorderismorereasonable.(1995.閱讀.1.Text3)【譯文】然而，從我們在這幾個(gè)領(lǐng)域抽取樣本的能力來看，加上我們對這些領(lǐng)域的印象至少大體上是正確的，因此可以假設(shè)采用相反的順序更加合理。【析句】主句是onesuspects+that賓語從句，intermsof是介詞短語，ourcapacitytosample...andtheprobability...是intermsofd的并列的賓語。capacity后tosampletherelevantuniverses為不定式作賓語，而theprobability后thatourimagesoftheseuniversesare...correct是定語從句。注意，universes這里是“領(lǐng)域”的意思。11.Eventhefolkknowledgeinsocialsystemsonwhichordinarylifeisbasedinearning,spending,organizing,marrying,takingpartinpoliticalactivities,fightingandsoon,isnotverydissimilarfromthemoresophisticatedimagesofthesocialsystemderivedfromthesocialsciences,eventhoughitisbuiltupontheveryimperfectsamplesofpersonalexperience.(1995.閱讀.1.Text3)【譯文】即使是社會(huì)體系中作為收入、消費(fèi)、組織活動(dòng)、結(jié)婚、參加政治活動(dòng)、戰(zhàn)斗等日常行為的基礎(chǔ)的民俗知識(shí)，也與從社會(huì)科學(xué)中產(chǎn)生的更加復(fù)雜精密的社會(huì)系統(tǒng)圖像非常相似，即使這種社會(huì)系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)是有缺陷的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷?！疚鼍洹繌?fù)合句，主句為Eventhefolkknowledgeinsocialsystemsisnotverydissimilarfromthemoresophisticatedimagesofthesocialsystem...,even在主句中作副詞，主句主語thefolkknowledgeinsocialsystems后有which引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞作on的賓語，因此定義出句中把on放在which的前面。最后，主句后是eventhough引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。12.Ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialascomparedwiththerichrecordsofthesocialsystems,oreventhelimitedrecordsofbiologicalsystems.(1995.閱讀.1.Text3)【譯文】我們對于天文領(lǐng)域的印象是三種領(lǐng)域中最不穩(wěn)定的，這只是因?yàn)槲覀儍H僅看到了很少卻美妙的案例，與社會(huì)體系豐富的記錄，甚至和生活體系有限的記錄相比，天文領(lǐng)域中保持的記錄實(shí)在是微不足道?！疚鼍洹恐骶銸urimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofall,because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。從句中包含兩個(gè)并列的句子，分別是weobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofit,和itsrecord-keepingistrivialascomparedwith...,其中包含了詞組ascomparedwith,意思是“與...相比”。13.Conflict,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanotherisdistinguishedfromcompetition,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.(1996.閱讀.1.Text2)【譯文】沖突的定義是社會(huì)實(shí)體與另一實(shí)體間的對抗，而競爭的定義是不同社會(huì)實(shí)體間獨(dú)立爭奪供應(yīng)不足的資源而發(fā)生的對抗。這兩者的性質(zhì)是截然不同?！疚鼍洹恐骶涫荂onflictisdistinguishedfromcompetition,主語conflict后，definedasoppostionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother為過去分詞作定語，相當(dāng)于whichisdefinedas...。同樣，介詞賓語competition后也有相同的結(jié)構(gòu)，使得句子前后對稱。而后一句中，socialentities后又有strivingforsomething現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾socialentities,而something后是which引導(dǎo)的定語從句。14.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothers,andthusleadtoconflict,itcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamo