一輪復習最新高考英語閱讀理解專題練習(及答案)

一輪復習最新高考英語閱讀理解專題練習（及答案）一、高中英語閱讀理解.閱讀理解Atfirst,MichaelSurrelldidn'tseetheblacksmokeorflamesshootingfromthewindowsofhisneighbors'home.HeandhiswifehadjustparkedaroundthecornerfromtheirownhouseinAllentown,Pennsylvania,whentheygotacallfromoneofhisdaughters,"Thehousenextdoorisonfire!"Hewenttoinvestigate.That'swhenhesawtwowomenandagirlhysterical（歇斯底里的）ontheirporch."Thebaby'sinthere!"oneofthewomencried.Thoughthefiredepartmenthadbeencalled,Surrell,then64,instinctivelyraninside."Thebaby"was8-year-oldTiaraRoberts,thewoman'sgranddaughterandaplaymateofSurrell'sthreeyoungestkids,then8,10,and12.TheothertwoontheporchwereTiara'sauntandcousin.Enteringtheburninghousewaslike"runningintoabucketofblackpaint,"Surrellsays.Thethicksmokecausedhimtostumbleblindlyaround,burnedhiseyes,andmadeitimpossibletobreathe.Theconditionswouldhavebeenhazardousforanyone,butforSurrell,whohaschronicobstructivepulmonarydisease（慢性阻塞性肺疾病）,theywerelife-threatening.Hewasthelastpersonwhoshouldhaverunintoaburningbuilding---hehaslungdisease.Butthatdidn'tstophim.Afterafewminutesinthesmokefilledhouse,heretreatedoutsidetocatchhisbreath."WhereisTiara?"heaskeddesperately."Thesecondfloor."herauntshoutedback.Surrellknewhecouldn'tholdhisbreathforlong.Soheutteredalittleprayer,"Well,Lord,thisisit.Yougottahelpme,becauseI'mnotcomingoutwithoutthatlittlegirl."Takingadeepbreath,hewentinasecondtime.Thedarknesswasoverwhelming.Yetbecausethehousehadasimilarlayouttohis,hefoundthestairsandmadeittothesecondfloor.Heturnedtotherightandwasmetbyintenseheat.Hewasalreadyoutofbreath."Babygirl,whereareyou?"Histhroatandlungsburnedasifhe'dinhaledfireinsteadofthesmokeandsootintheair.Everyblinkstunghiseyes.Allhecouldhearwasthecracklingandpoppingofburningwood.CD_.Stillunabletosee,Surrellfelltohiskneesonthehotwoodfloor.Hecrawledtowardthesound,feelingaroundforanysignofthegirl.Anominousthoughtcrossedhismind:I'mprobablygonnadieuphere.Finallyhetouchedsomething.Ashoe,thenanankle.HepulledTiaratowardhim.dHerbodywaslimpandshewasn'tbreathing.Hescoopedherintohisarmsandstood.Hefelttheheatoftheflamesonhischeeks.Turning,hefoughtthroughthesmokeandranblindlyintotheblackness.Thenextthingheknew,hewasatthefrontdoor,thenoutside.SurrellputTiaradownontheporch.（3L.Avoicetoldhim,"Youhavetobreatheforher."HestartedCPR-thefirsttimehe'deverdoneso.Thewomenstoodbehindhim,prayingsilently.Soonasoot-filledcoughcamefromTiara'sthroat.Surrellgavefivemorebreaths.Shecoughedagain.Hereyesflickered.Hegaveonefinalbreath.Sheopenedhereyesandtookabreathonherown..Theireyesmet.Surrellhuggedhertightandsaid,"Uncle'sgotyou.Soonafter,histhroatclosedoff.Surrellwokeupinthehospitalacoupleofdayslater,havingsufferedsevereburnstohiswindpipeandtheupperportionofhislungs.Hespentoveraweekinthehospital.Tiarawasreleasedfromthehospitalafterafewdays.ThefireexacerbatedSurrell'spulmonarycondition,andhefeelstheeffectseventwoyearslater.Asaresult,hetakesextramedicationthathelpsopenhisairways."It'sasmallpricetopay,"hesays."I'ddoitagaininaheartbeat.Wouldn'tgiveitasecondthought."MichaelSurrellrantosave"thebaby"mainlybecauseA.hewasonthescenecasuallyB.hewasdrivenbyinstinctC.hisdaughterwasindangerD.hisownhousewasatriskWhyshouldSurrellbethelastpersontorunintoaburningbuilding?A.Thefiredepartmenthadbeencalled.B.Hewas64yearsoldatthattime.C.Theconditionwaslife-threatening.D.Hehadchronicpulmonarydisease.Inthecourseofrescue,Surrell.A.hadtomoveoutforbreathbecauseofsmokeB.waspreventedbytheoverwhelmingsmokeC.madeittothesecondfloorwithoutanytroubleD.couldclearlyhearthesoundmadebythebabyWhichblankcouldthesentence"Thenaweakbutdistinctvoiceemerged"bebestputin?A.①B.②C.③D.④⑸Fromthelastparagraph,wecanlearnthat..A.SurrellcamebacktolifeaweeklaterB.TiarahadtostayinhospitalforweeksC.Surrell'sdiseasebecamemoreseriousD.Tiaraneededfurtherextramedication(6)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.BreatheforHerB.StruggletosurviveC.AsmallpricetopayD.Amanwithlungdisease【答案】(1)B⑵DAACA【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，一個患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的人不顧個人安危去鄰居家著火的房子里成功救出小女孩，因此造成他肺部疾病加重，但是他對自己所做的從不后悔。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第二段中的 “Thoughthefiredepartmenthadbeencalled,Surrell,then64,instinctivelyraninside.雖然已經給消防隊打電話了，但當時” 64歲的薩雷爾還是本能地跑了進去，可知 Surrell跑進去救嬰兒是因為本能驅使，這里 instinctively本能地是TOC\o"1-5"\h\zinstinct的副詞形式，故選 B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據第三段中的 “butforSurrell,whohaschronicobstructivepulmonarydisease（慢性阻塞性肺疾?。?， theywerelife-threatening但對于患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的Surrell來說，當時的火勢對他來說是危及生命的，所以 Surrell是最不應該沖進著火大樓的人，故選 D。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第四段中的 “Afterafewminutesinthesmokefilledhouse,heretreatedoutsidetocatchhisbreath.在煙霧彌漫的房子里呆了幾分鐘后，他退到外面喘口”氣，可知在煙霧彌漫的房子里救人，期間 Surrell不得不出來喘口氣，故選 A。（4）考查推理判斷。 第一個空前 “Allhecouldhearwasthecracklingandpoppingofburningwood.”他只能聽到燃燒木頭的噼噼啪啪聲，選項 A“Thenaweakbutdistinctvoiceemerged然后出現(xiàn)了一個微弱但清晰的聲音，句子中的 Then在時間上承接前一句，空格后一句 “Stillunabletosee”還是看不見，承接選項 A工個微弱但清晰的聲音”，可以判斷聽到聲音但還TOC\o"1-5"\h\z是看不見人，故選 A。（5）考查細節(jié)理解。根據最后一段中的 “ThefireexacerbatedSurrell'spulmonarycondition.大火加劇了 Surrell的肺部疾病， 可知Surrell的病情變得更嚴重了，故選 C。（6）考查主旨大意。根據倒數第三段中的 “Avoicetoldhim,‘Youhavetofobrrehaetrh.e’HestartedCPR...Sheopenedhereyesandtookabreathonherown.可知，Surrell給女孩做人工”呼吸，女孩最終可以自己呼吸活過來了，人能活下來要呼吸給心肺供氧，呼吸非常重要，用breatheforher做主題引申 Surrell挽救了女孩的生命，故選 A?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（ A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind:Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened?Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource,astheresearchsuggests,whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?Avoidingtemptation（誘惑）isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control,whichiscalledthe"outofsight,outofmind"principle.Onerecentstudy,forinstance,foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks,inplainsight.Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations,arewetofail?Notnecessarily.Researchersdon'tbelievethatone'swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower-atleasttoapoint.Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable(脆弱)tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.Researcherswhostudyself-controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison,theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear'sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas,soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inotherwords,don'ttrytoquitsmoking,adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,Baumeistersays,you'llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon'trequiremakingdecisionsatall.(1)Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat.A.peoplehaveunlimitedself-control B.highmotivationensuresone'ssuccessC.willpowerishardlycompletelyexhaustedD.toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure(2)Theunderlinedphrase"tapinto"inParagraph3mostprobablymeans.A.makeuseof B.runoutof C.build D.increaseTheauthorcomparesself—controltomuscles.toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpowertoshowthesignificanceofregularexercisetoarguethatself-controlcanheeasilyuseduptoexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-controlTodevelopagoodhabit,whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer?A."Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise." B."Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester."C."IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth." D."Iwillkeepmyselffromanytemptation."【答案】(1)C⑵A(3)DC【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇議論文，列舉了關于意志力的幾種研究和觀點，作者認為有了明確的目標，良好的自我監(jiān)督和練習，就可以在面對誘惑時使意志力保持堅強。(1)考查細節(jié)理解。根據第三段中的 "Researchersdon'tbelievethatone'swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.可知，研究人員不相信人的意志力會完全耗盡，他們還有備用的和為將來需求節(jié)省的意志力。所以從文章中的研究我們了解到意志力幾乎沒有完全喪失。故選C。省的意志力。所以從文章中的研究我們了解到意志力幾乎沒有完全喪失。故選（2）考查詞義猜測。根據第三段中的 "Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown."可知，正確的動機使我們能夠利用這些儲備，即使我們的自我控制能力已經被消耗殆盡，我們仍然可以繼續(xù)前進。所以通過上下文的語境，判斷出 "tapinto"指利用，與 makeuseof同義。故選 A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據第四段中的 “Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.可知，雖然肌肉在短期內會因運動而疲憊不”堪，但長期而言，它們會通過經常鍛煉而增強。同樣規(guī)律的自我控制可以提高意志力。兩者相比是為了說明同一個道理：長期的鍛煉和自我控制的好處。所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是為了解釋自我控制的好處。故選 D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據倒數第二段中的 “Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,you'llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon'trequiremakingdecisionsatall.可知，作者認為一個接一個的制定目標是一個更好的方法。一旦養(yǎng)成好習慣，你就不再”需要依靠意志力來維持自己的行為。最終健康的習慣將成為慣例，而且不需要做任何決定。所以 C項"IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth."是先設立目標，然后成為好習慣，作者更喜歡這種目標。故選 C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解Everyyearmigratory（遷徙的）batstravelfromMexicotoBrackenCave,wheretheyspendthesummerconsuminginsectsthatwouldotherwisehungrilyeatcommonfoodcrops.Butthebatshavebeenshowingupfarearlierthantheydidtwodecadesago.Inastudy,scientistsatRothamstedResearch,anagriculturallaboratoryinEngland,usedradardatafrom160U.S.weatherstationstoanalyzeactivityintheTexasbatcolonyfrom1995through2017.TheydiscoveredthecreatureswereleavingtheirwinterquartersinMexicoearlierandreproducingsooner.Theywerealsoastonishedtofindincreasingnumbersofbatsoverwintering（過冬）atBrackenCaveinsteadofheadingbacktotheircoldweatherquartersinMexico.Overwinteringisasignthatwarmertemperatureschangethebats'annualrhythms,RothamstedbiologistPhillipStepaniansays.AseparatestudyofmigratorybatsinIndiana,publishedlastyear,foundthattemperaturevariationsaffectedarrivalanddeparturetimes—likewisehintingatthepotentialinfluenceofclimatechange.JoyO'Keefe,abiologyprofessoratIndianaStateUniversityandco-authorofthatstudy,saysearlyarrivalattheirsummerhabitats（棲息地）couldexposethesebatstocoldsnaps（寒流）,andtheycouldfreezetodeath.JoyO'Keefeandhercolleaguesalsofoundthatchangingbatmigrationtimescanalsoclashwithrainfallpatterns.Manyinsectsthatbatseatbreedinseasonallakesandpuddles.Ifthebatsarrivetooearlytobenefitfromsummerrainfallandtheresultingabundanceofinsectstheymaystruggletofeedtheirpups(幼崽)orskipreproductionaltogether,O'Keefesays.ShefearsthisshiftcouldcauseMidwesternbatstodecreasetowardextinction,whichwouldbebadnewsforhumans."Declinesinbatpopulationscouldhavesevereeffectsforcropsuccess,"shesays,addingthatbatsalso"controlsignificantdiseasevectors,suchasmosquitoes."However,scientistsarenotcertainthatclimatechangealoneiscausingtheBrackenCavebatcolonytomigrateearlier.Theyhavefoundadirectlinkbetweenseasonaltemperaturesandbirdmigration,butbatsarealsoinfluencedbyfactorssuchaschangesinwindspeedanddirection.Andthereareothercomplications. "Batsaremysteriouslittleanimalsthatmovemostlyatnightandaredifficulttoobserveandtrack,"Stepaniansays."Wehavethisconceptualpictureofwhatmightbehappening,butreallytyingittothecauseisthenextstep."ScientistsatRothamstedResearchfoundthat.batsprefercolderweather B.batsdelaytheirreproductionC.warmingaffectsbatmigration D.radarcanbeusedtoobservebats22)JoyO'Keefediscoveredthat.A.batsareusedtolivinginrainfallseasonsbats'earliermigrationmightharmfarminginsects'reproductionhelpstospreaddiseaseinsectsshortagemakesbatsreproduceearlier)Whatdoesthelastparagraphwanttotellus?A.Windspeedanddirectionaffectbats.B.Itisdifficulttoobserveandtrackbats.C.Climatechangemakesbatsmigrateearlier.D.Furtherresearchonthecauseisnecessary.)Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Bats'habitatsB.EndangeredbatsC.Bats'scheduleD.Bats,ourgoodfriends【答案】(1)C⑵BDC【解析】【分析】【點評】本文是一篇說明文，作者先提出蝙蝠遷徙提前的這種現(xiàn)象，然后分析了這種現(xiàn)象可能導致的后果，最后分析了可能導致蝙蝠遷徙提前的原因。(1)考查細節(jié)理解。根據第二段中的"Overwinteringisasignthatwarmertemperatureschangethebats'annualrhythms,RothamstedbiologistPhillipStepaniansays.羅斯泰德的生物”學家菲利普斯捷潘尼安說，越冬是氣溫升高改變蝙蝠年度節(jié)律的一個標志，可知，蝙蝠越冬的方式是一個跡象，這表明了氣溫上升改變了它們每年的遷徙規(guī)律。故選 Co(2)考查細節(jié)理解。根據第四段中的"'thebatsarrivetooearlytobenefitfromsummerrainfallandtheresultingabundanceofinsects,theymaystruggletofeedtheirpups(幼崽)orskipreproductionaltogether,O'Keefesays.ShefearsthisshiftcouldcauseMidwesternbatstodecreasetowardextinction,whichwouldbebadnewsforhumans. "Declinesinbatpopulationscouldhavesevereeffectsforcropsuccess, 奧基夫謝e黜ysS蝠來得太早，無法從夏季降雨和由此產生的大量昆蟲中獲益，它們可能難以喂養(yǎng)幼崽，或者完全跳過繁殖。她擔心這種轉變可能會導致中西部蝙蝠走向滅絕，這對人類來說是個壞消息。 蝙蝠數量的減少可能對作物的成功產生嚴重影響， ”她說，可知，蝙蝠過早地遷徙會因為缺少食物，導致喂養(yǎng)幼仔的困難，或者跳過繁殖期，這將導致蝙蝠數量減少，害蟲增加，從而對農作物產生影響。由此可知，喬伊 奧基夫發(fā)現(xiàn)，蝙蝠過早的遷徙可能會危害農業(yè)。故選 Bo(3)考查推理判斷。根據最后一段中的 "However,scientistsarenotcertainthatclimatechangealoneiscausingtheBrackenCavebatcolonytomigrateearlier.然而，科學家們還不能確定僅僅是氣候變化就導致了蕨類洞穴蝙蝠群落更早的遷徙；及"Batsaremysteriouslittleanimalsthatmovemostlyatnightandaredifficulttoobserveandtrack, "Stepaniansays.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zhavethisconceptualpictureofwhatmightbehappening,butreallytyingittothecauseisthenextstep.斯捷潘尼安說： 蝙蝠是神秘的小動物，大多在夜間活動，很難觀察和追蹤。 ”。我們對可能發(fā)生的事情有一個概念性的描述，但真正將其與原因聯(lián)系起來還需要進一步的研究?！笨赏浦?，對蝙蝠遷徙提前的原因還需要進一步的研究。故選 Do(4)考查主旨大意。作者通過第一段中的 "Buthebatshavebeenshowingupfarearlierthantheydidtwodecadesago.但是蝙蝠出現(xiàn)的時間比 20年前要早得多)提出蝙蝠遷徙提前的這種現(xiàn)象，然后分析了這種現(xiàn)象可能導致的后果，最后分析了可能導致蝙蝠遷徙提前的原因。由此可知，本文主要圍繞蝙蝠的遷徙時間變化展開介紹分析。由此可知選 Co【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4.閱讀理解"Whatkindofrubbishareyou?"Thisquestionmightnormallycauseanger,butinShanghaiitwasbroughtaboutwearycomplaintsoverthepastfewmonths.OnJuly1st,thecityintroducedstrictrubbish-sortingregulationsthatareexpectedtobeusedasamodelforourcountry.Citizensmustdividetheirwasteintofourseparatecategoriesandputitintospecificpublicbins.Theymustdosoatscheduledtimes,whenmonitorsarepresenttoensurethatrulesareobeyedandtoexaminethenatureofone'srubbish.Violatorscouldbehitwithfinesofupto200yuan($29).Forrepeatviolators,thecitycanaddblackmarkstotheircreditrecords,makingitharderforthemtoobtainhankloansorevenbuytraintickets.Shanghaiauthoritiesarerespondingtoobviousenvironmentalproblem.Itproduces9milliontonsofgarbageayear.Butlikeothercitiesinchina,itlacksarecyclingsystem.Instead,ithasreliedonrubbishpickerstopickoutwhatevercanbereused.Thishaslimits.Aspeoplegetwealthier,fewerofthemwanttodosuchdirtywork.Thewaste,meanwhile,justkeepspilingup.Chinaproduces80billionpairsofone-offchopsticksayear.Manycitizensappeartosupporttheideaofrecyclingingeneralbutarefrustratedbythedetails.Rubbishmustbedividedaccordingtowhetheritisfood,recyclable,dryorhazardous(有害的),thedistinctionsamongwhichcanbeconfusing,thoughthereareappstohelpworkitout.Somehavecomplainedabouttherulessurroundingfoodwaste.Theymustputitstraightintherequiredpublicbin,forcingthemtotearopenplasticbagsandtoss(投擲)itbyhand,Mostannoyingaretheshortperiodsforthrowingtrash,typicallyacoupleofhours,morningandevening.Alongwiththemonitorsatthebins,thismeansthatpeoplegoataroundthesametimeandcankeepaneyeonwhatisbeingthrownout;noonewantstolookbad.What'sthepurposeofParagraph1?Tocomplainaboutrubbishdividing.Toexplainthefourcategoriesofthewaste.Tointroducetherulesonwastesorting.Toshowthegoalofrubbish,sortingregulations.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"Violators"inParagraph2referto?A.Peoplewhodon'tpayfortraintickets. B.Peoplewhoarguewiththemonitors.C.Peoplewhoobtainbankloans. D.Peoplewhoareagainsttheregulations.Whatmakesthecitizensupsetmostabouttherules?Complexdistinctionamongthefourcategoriesofrubbish.Shortscheduledtimefortossingrubbish.Beingobservedbymonitorswhenthrowingthegarbage.Beingfinedwhenblamedduetoimproperbehavior.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ARestartofWaste-sorting B.ANewAgeofGarbageClassificationC.LearningtoClassifyRubbish D.Rubbish-sortingBenefitstheWorld【答案】(1)C⑵DBB【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道，介紹了7月1日上海市出臺的垃圾分類規(guī)定，有望成為我國的一個典范。文章說明了垃圾分類規(guī)定的部分內容以及違反者將面臨的處罰，這項政策出臺的原因是上海日益增多的垃圾，以及居民們對此政策的看法和態(tài)度。(1)考查推理判斷。根據第一段中的 "Citizensmustdividetheirwasteintofourseparatecategoriesandputitintospecificpublicbins.Theymustdosoatscheduledtimes,whenmonitorsarepresenttoensurethatrulesareobeyedandtoexaminethenatureofone'srubbish.市'民必須將垃圾分為四類，并將其放入特定的公共垃圾箱。他們必須在規(guī)定的時間這樣做，當監(jiān)督員在場時，以確保規(guī)則得到遵守，并檢查垃圾的性質?？芍饕窃谡f明垃圾分類的相關規(guī)定，故第一段的目的是介紹垃圾分類的規(guī)則。故選 Co(2)考查詞義猜測。根據第二段中的 "Theycouldbehitwithfinesofupto200yuan($29).他們將面臨最高200元(29美元)的罰款?？赏茰y他們此處指違反垃圾分類規(guī)定的人們，故劃線單詞意思為違反規(guī)定的人"，故選Do(3)考查細節(jié)理解。根據最后一段中的 "Mostupsetaretheshortwindowsforthrowingtrash,typicallyacoupleofhours,morningandevening.最讓人心煩的是扔垃圾的短暫開放期，通常是早上和晚上的幾個小時，可知，扔垃圾的時間很短讓居民對這些規(guī)定最不滿。故選Bo（4）考查主旨大意。根據第一段中的 “OnJuly1st,thecityintroducedstricttrash-sortingregulationsthatareexpectedtobeusedasamodelforourcountry.Residentsmustdividetheirwasteintofourseparatekindsandputitintospecificpublicbins.Theymustdosoatscheduledtimes,whenmonitorsarepresenttoensurecomplianceandtoinquireintothenatureofone'srubbish.”7月1日，該市出臺了嚴格的垃圾分類規(guī)定，有望成為我國的一個典范。居民必須將他們的垃圾分成四類，并將其放入特定的公共垃圾箱。他們必須在規(guī)定的時間這樣做，當監(jiān)督員在場時，以確保遵守和調查一個人的垃圾的性質）以及文章主要內容圍繞著上海垃圾分類規(guī)定標志著一個垃圾分類的新時代的開始而展開，故選 B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇新聞報道，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。閱讀理解Anewstudyhasfoundthatcatscanconnectwithpeopleinthesamewayasdogsandchildren.Theresearch,publishedinCurrentBiology,suggeststhesocialabilitiesofcatstoformhumanattachmentshasbeengreatlyunderestimated.Thestudynotesthatmorecatslivewithhumansthandogsdoworldwide.Buthistorically,morescientificresearchhascenteredonthesocialrelationshipsbetweenpeopleanddogs.Theresearchersdesignedexperimentssimilartomethodsusedtomeasurehumanattachmentbehaviors.Forexample,otherstudieshaveobservedhowbabiesreacttobeingreunitedwithcaregiversafterbeingseparatedforshortperiods.About70catswerestudied.Thehehavioroftheanimalswasobservedbyexpertswhodividedthemintotwogroups.64percentwerejudgedtobe"securelyattached"tocaregivers,while36percentwerefoundtobe"insecurelyattached."Thecatswithsecureattachmentsshowedseveralsignsof"reducedstress"levels,thestudyfound.Thesecatswerefoundtobemorecomfortableandeffectivelybalancedtheirattentionbetweenthepersonandtheirsurroundings.However,thecatswithaninsecureattachmentshowedclearsignsofstress.Theseincludedshakingofthetail,repeatedlickingorstayingcompletelyawayfromthecaregiver.Sheaddedthattheresultsshowedthatthelevelofsecureandinsecureattachmentsincatsisveryclosetothosemeasuredinhumanbabies.Inhumans,researchhasfoundthat65percentofbabiesarealsosecurelyattachedtotheircaregivers.Theresearchersalsowereinterestedinfindingoutifsocializationtrainingwouldchangetheresults.Butafterasix-weektrainingprogramforthecats,therewerenomajordifferences."Onceanattachmentstylehasbeenestablishedbetweenthecatanditscaregiver,itappearstoremainrelativelystableovertime,evenafteratrainingandsocializationintervention（干預）,"Vitalesaid.（1）Whatdoesthestudymentionedinthispassageshow?Cats'socialabilityislittlethoughtof.Dogshavemoresociablepersonalitiesthancats.Historically,dogismuchsmarterthancats.Catshavebadsocialrelationshipswithdogs.Whatwillhappenifthecatsfeelunsafe?A.Theytendtoattacktheircaregivers. B.Theyaregoingtoshaketheirtails.C.Theywillstayclosetotheircaretakers. D.Theyarelikelytobalancetheirattention.Whatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?Attachmentlevelinbabiesishigherthanincats.Trainingprogramplaysanimportantroleintheresults.Researchersfeelinsecurewhenexperimentingwithcats.It'shardtomakechangestoattachmentstylesbetweencatsandcaregivers.【答案】 （1）ABD【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇說明文，一項新的實驗研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，貓能像小狗和嬰兒那樣和人之間形成依戀關系，而且這種關系一旦形成就很難改變。（1）考查推理判斷。根據第一段中的 “Buthistorically,morescientificresearchhascenteredTOC\o"1-5"\h\zonthesocialrelationshipsbetweenpeopleanddogs.可知，歷史上更多的科學研究集中在狗 ”和人的社會關系上，由此推測貓和人的社交關系很少有人考慮到。故選 A。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第三段中的 “However,thecatswithaninsecureattachmentshowedclearsignsofstress.Theseincludedshakingofthetail,repeatedlickingorstayingcompletelyawayfromthecaregiver.可知沒有安全感的貓會表現(xiàn)出明顯的壓力跡象，包括搖“尾巴，不停舔舐或遠離看護人員。故選 B。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據最后一段中的 ”O(jiān)nceanattachmentstylehasbeenestablishedbetweenthecatanditscaregiver,itappearstoremainrelativelystableovertime,evenafteratrainingandsocializationintervention干預工"Vitalesaid.可知貓對看護者的依戀模式一旦形成，就相對穩(wěn)定，即使通過訓練和社會化干預也很難改變。故選 D。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。．閱讀理解Africa'sMostAmazingPlacestoVisitPyramidsofGiza,EgyptThemostfamousofthestructuresatGiza,nearCairo,thePyramidofKingKhufuwasbuiltaround2650BCfrom2.5millionblocksofstone.Itssidesfacenorth,south,eastandwest.SaharaDunes,MoroccoThemostuser-friendlypartoftheSaharaisaccessiblefromthenorthernedgeofMorocco.YoucancampoutinTazzarine,whererunnersfromallovertheworldcompletetheweeklongMarathoneveryspring.ThefootoftheMerzougaDunesisthebestlocationforgazingatstars,totallyfreeoflightpollution.LakeRetba（LacRose）,SenegalTherearefewpinklakesintheworldandoneofthem,LakeRetba,alsocalledLacRosebylocalsisintheCap-VertpeninsulainSenegal.ThebesttimestoseethelakeatitspinkestisduringSenegal'sdryseason,betweenNovemberandJune.NyikaPlateauNationalPark,MalawiWithaplateaucutbynumerousriversthatreachLakeMalawibywayofwaterfallsofftheeasternedgeofthemountains,Nyika,thelargestnationalparkinMalawi,isoneofthemostbeautifulinAfrica.TheeasternborderoftheplateauformsthewalloftheGreatRiftValley.Thegreatdomesofhillshavegentleslopes,makingNyikaperfectforbothhikingandmountainbikingaswellasJeepexploration.Whichcountrywillyougoifyouwanttowatchstars?A.Malawi. B.Morocco. C.Egypt. D.Senegal.Whenisthebesttimetoseethepinkestlake?A.July. B.September. C.October. D.January.WhatmakesNyikaoneofthemostbeautifulparksinAfrica?A.Plants. B.Animals. C.Waters. D.Sports.【答案】(1)B⑵DC【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了四個非洲最神奇的地方。(1)考查細節(jié)理解。根據第二段中的"ThefootoftheMerzougaDunesisthebestlocationforgazingatstars,totallyfreeoflightpollution. 默佐加沙丘的腳下是觀星的最佳地點，完全沒有光污染。可知如果你想看星星，你可以去摩洛哥。故選Bo(2)考查細節(jié)理解。根據第三段中的"ThebesttimestoseethelakeatitspinkestisduringSenegal'sdryseason,betweenNovemberandJune.在塞內加爾的旱季，11月至6月是觀賞湖面最粉的最佳時間。分析選項可知看粉紅色湖泊的最佳時間是一月份。故選 Do(3)考查細節(jié)理解。根據最后一段中的"WithaplateaucutbynumerousriversthatreachLakeMalawibywayofwaterfallsofftheeasternedgeofthemountains,Nyika,thelargestnationalparkinMalawi,isoneofthemostbeautifulinAfrica. 這里的高原被眾多河流切斷，這些河流通過山脈東部邊緣的瀑布到達馬拉維湖，造就了尼卡是馬拉維最大的國家公園，它是非洲最美麗的國家公園之一?？芍撬蚴鼓峥ǔ蔀榉侵拮蠲利惖墓珗@之一。故選 Co【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并結合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。.閱讀理解DNAanalysishasrevealedfamilyrelationshipsbetweenmorethan10generationsofStoneAgepeopleatmegalithic(巨石的)tombsinIrelandandSweden.Theevidencesuggeststhatmegaliths,prehistoriclargestonestructures,sometimesactedasgravesforfamilygroupsinnorthwesternEuropethousandsofyearsago.Thelatestfindingsthrownewlightontheoriginsandsocialstructureofthegroupsthatbuiltmegalithsinthisregion—ahistorythathaslongbeenhiddeninmystery.Fortheirstudy,theinternationalteamofresearchersanalyzedthegenomes—thecompletesetofgeneticmaterialinacell—of24StoneAgeindividualsfromfivemegalithicburialsitesinIreland,ScotlandandGotland,alargeSwedishislandintheBalticSea.Thisanalysisshowedthatmanyoftheindividualsburiedateachmegalith,whoalllivedbetween3,800B.C.and2,600B.C.,accordingtoradiocarbon-datingoftheirremains,werecloselyrelatedviafamilyties.TheresultsalsoshowedthattheindividualsburiedatthemegalithswererelatedtoNeolithicfarmersinnorthernandwesternEuropebutgeneticallydistinctfromotherhunter-gatherers.ThiswasparticularlynoticeableattheAnsarvesiteontheislandofGotland."ThepeopleburiedintheAnsarvetombareremarkablydifferentonageneticlevelcomparedtothei