英語句子成分和英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)

英語句子成分和英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)英語句子成分和英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)英語句子成分和英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)xxx公司英語句子成分和英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計，管理制度英語句子成分和英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)

1.主語（subject）：句子說明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast（名詞）

Helikesdancing.（代詞）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(數(shù)詞)

Seeingisbelieving.（動名詞）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主語從句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）(一）指出下列句中主語的中心詞①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.2.謂語（predicate）：是對主語加以陳述，表示主語的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動詞或者動詞詞組擔(dān)任，放在主語的后面。WestudyEnglish.

Heisasleep.(二).選出句中謂語的中心詞①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.

A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?

A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?

A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast3.表語（predicative）：系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。

Heisateacher.

（名詞）

Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.（代詞）Fiveandfiveisten.（數(shù)詞）

Heisasleep.

（形容詞）Hisfatherisin.（副詞）

Thepictureisonthewall.

(介詞短語)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.

（形容詞化的分詞）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表語從句）（常見的系動詞有:be,sound（聽起來）,look（看起來）,feel(摸起來，smell（聞起來）,taste（嘗、吃起來）,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感覺）……

Itsoundsagoodidea.

Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.

Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.

Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.

NowIfeeltired.

(三)挑出下列句中的表語①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.

②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.

④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.4.賓語：1）動賓表示行為的對象，常由名詞或者代詞擔(dān)任。放在及物動詞或者介詞之后。如：IlikeChina.（名詞）

Hehatesyou.（代詞）HowmanydoyouneedWeneedtwo.（數(shù)詞）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（動名詞）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）

Didyouwritedownwhathesaid（賓語從句）

2）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞-----介賓Areyouafraidofthesnake

Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.

3）雙賓語-----間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.

Givethepoormansomemoney.(四)挑出下列句中的賓語①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?

⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?5.賓補：對賓語的補充，全稱為賓語補足語。Weelectedhimmonitor.

（名詞）

Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名詞）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容詞）Wefoundnobodyin.(副詞)

Pleasemakeyourselfathome.（介詞短語）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（帶to不定式）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（現(xiàn)在分詞）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（過去分詞）(五)挑出下列句中的賓語補足語①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.⑥D(zhuǎn)idyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?6.定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.（名詞）Heisourfriend.（代詞）Webelongtothethirdworld.（數(shù)詞）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容詞）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副詞)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介詞)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（過去分詞）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定語從句）(六)挑出下列句中的定語①TheyuseMr.,Mrs.withthefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.7.狀語：用來修飾v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。（以下例句按上述順序排列）Iwillgotheretomorrow.

Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.

HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.

Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.

Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.

(七)挑出下列句中的狀語①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.

(八)劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?

參考答案(一)①teacher②man③dictionary④Todo(二)①B②A③C④A⑤C(三)①tired

②worried

③yellow

④interested

⑤first(四)①hishomework

②English

③yourpronunciation

④newwords

⑤togoswimming(五)①toreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room

②totaketheboyoutofschool

③Lily

④getonthebus

⑤playingfootba