2022高中英語(yǔ)譯林版新教材選擇性必修一課文翻譯（英漢對(duì)照）

牛津譯林版高中英語(yǔ)選擇性必修一課文及譯文Unit1foodmattersReading及譯文（P1-5）Foodkeepsushealthyandenergetic.Itcanalsodomorethanthat.Thearticlebelow,fromafoodmagazine,discussestheideaofcomfortfood.Beforeyoureadthearticle,thinkaboutthefollowingquestions:①Whatdoyouthinkthearticlewilltalkaboutaccordingtothetitle?②Whatfoodscanhaveanimpactonyourfeelings?食物使我們健康和精力旺盛。它也遠(yuǎn)不與此。下面來自一本食物雜志的文章討論治愈系食物理念。在閱讀文章之前，思考以下的問題：①根據(jù)標(biāo)題，你認(rèn)為文章將談?wù)撌裁?？②什么食物?duì)你的情感有影響？comfortfood（治愈系食物）WheneverIfeellonely,Ihaveasecretrecipethatneverfails:rice,milkandsugar,cookedlowandslow.Nomatterhowbadmymoodis,thatperfectcombinationisalwaysenoughtoliftmyspirits.Sometimesthesmellalonecandothetrick,nottomentionthelovelycreamyflavour,whichworkslikeatimemachineimmediatelytransportingmebacktomysunnychildhood.Withpleasure,IrememberthelazySundayafternoonsIusedtospendinthewarmthofmygrandma’sflat,listeningtoherwonderfulstoriesandgreedilyeatingbowlafterbowlofherdeliciousricepudding.Itakemytimeovereveryspoonful,gentlyrollingthesilkydessertaroundmymouthandenjoyingtheperfectmarriageofriceandmilk.BeforeIknowit,I’mhappyagain.每當(dāng)感到孤獨(dú)，我都有一個(gè)屢試不爽的秘方：大米，牛奶和糖，小火慢燉。不論我情緒有多差，這種絕妙的組合都足以令我振作。有時(shí)候僅僅聞一聞味兒就能奏效，更不要說那美妙，滑膩的口感了。它像一臺(tái)時(shí)光機(jī)器，立即將我?guī)Щ貧g樂的童年，欣欣然，我回憶起那些精彩的周末午后，那時(shí)我常常是在外婆溫暖的公寓里，一邊聽她講那些精彩的故事，一邊一碗接一碗貪婪地吃著她做的美味的大米布丁。我細(xì)細(xì)品嘗每一勺，讓滑膩的甜點(diǎn)在我口中輕輕翻轉(zhuǎn)，享受米糊和牛奶的完美融合。不知不覺中，我便又開心起來了。Myexperiencewithricepuddingillustratestheuniquepowerof“comfortfood”.Initsbroadestsense,comfortfoodreferstoanyfoodthatmakesusfeelbetter.Inthisarticle,wewilltalkaboutaparticulartypeofcomfortfoodwhosepowermainlyliesintheassociationsitcallstomind.Itoftenmakesupforbadfeelingsbyhelpingusrecallhappymemoriesofthepeople,thingsorplaceswelove.我關(guān)于大米布丁的經(jīng)歷說明了“治愈系食物”的獨(dú)特力量。從廣義上說，治愈系食物指的是任何能改善我們心情的食物。在本文里，我們要特別講一類治愈系食物，它的力量主要在于它所喚起的聯(lián)想。它常常通過幫助我們回憶起所愛之人、所愛之物、所愛之地的快樂往事，來消解不良情緒。Ourcomfortfoodsarehighlyindividual.Theyvaryfrompersontoperson,dependingonourownuniqueexperiencesthathaveshapedourlives.Ifwegrowupeatingcertainfoodsinourfamily,thenthosefoodstendtobelinkedwithpositiveemotions.Forexample,weoftenconnectchickensoupwithahappychildhoodanditsflavourbecomestiedupwiththefeelingofbeingtakencareof.Whenweeatitagain,weunlockmemoriesofatimewhenwewerelovedandlookedafter,andthischeersusup.治愈系食物相當(dāng)個(gè)性化。它們由塑造我們?nèi)松莫?dú)特經(jīng)歷決定，因人而異。如果我們從小在家就吃某些特定的食物，這些食物就很容易與積極的情緒產(chǎn)生關(guān)聯(lián)。比如，我們經(jīng)常把雞湯與快樂的童年聯(lián)系在一起，它的味道與被關(guān)愛的感覺相關(guān)。當(dāng)再次喝雞湯時(shí)，我們解鎖記憶，回想起受到疼愛與關(guān)懷的時(shí)光，這就會(huì)讓我們的情緒變好。Thefeelingofhappinessandsenseofbelongingcanbecomeparticularlyimportantforpeoplewhomoveawayfromtheirhomecountry.Accordingtosomefoodexperts,therearesomeaspectsofculturethatpeoplewillloserightaway,butwithfood,therearemoreopportunitiestoconnecttomemory,familyandplace.Itishardesttogiveupthefoodthatyougrowupwith.Ofcourse,eachperson’scomfortfoodlargelydependsonwheretheycomefrom—foraChineseitmightbeaplateofdumplingswithasaucerofvinegar,andforanativeoftheUKitmightbetheclassicfishandchips,servedhot,saltyandsour.Onemouthfulofcomfortfoodtakesusbacktoourculturalroots,givingusthe“tasteofhome”thatwecryoutforandrelievingfeelingsofhomesickness.這種幸福感與歸屬感對(duì)于離開故國(guó)的人而言會(huì)變得尤為重要。據(jù)一些食物專家所言，文化中的某些方面人們很快會(huì)失去，但對(duì)于食物，則有更多機(jī)會(huì)與回憶、與家、與處所關(guān)聯(lián)。從小到大的食物最難割舍。當(dāng)然，每個(gè)人的治愈系食物（是什么）很大程度上取決于他們來自何方對(duì)一個(gè)中國(guó)人來說，可能是一盤餃子配上一碟醋；而對(duì)于一個(gè)土生土長(zhǎng)的英國(guó)人來說，則可能是經(jīng)典的炸魚薯?xiàng)l，熱騰騰地端上來，咸中帶酸。一口治愈系食物帶我們回到自己文化的根，帶來我們渴望的“家的味道”，讓我們一解懷鄉(xiāng)之情。That’scertainlytrueforme.Comfortfoodtastesgoodandbybuildinganemotionalbondwithourhappymemories,alwaysmakesusfeelgood.Itisn’tjustabowlofnoodlesorchickensoup.It’sfoodforthesoul.對(duì)我而言，的確如此。治愈系食物味道可口，通過與我們快樂的回憶之間建立情感聯(lián)系，它讓我們心情不錯(cuò)。它不僅僅是一碗面條或雞湯，它是心靈的食量。P5Whenweareinlowspirits,wemaycryoutforthingsthatgiveuscomfortandasenseofsecurity.Sinceitbringsbackhappymemoriesofthepastoroffersanopportunitytoconnectwithourhomeculture,comfortfoodcanoftendothetrick.However,thereisanothertypeofcomfortfood,whichgeneratespositiveemotionsinadifferentway.Foodhighincaloriesmayalsomakeusfeelbetter.Asdessertslikecakesaredigested,bloodsugarlevelscangoupquickly.Asaresult,wewillbeinabettermoodaftereatingthecomfortfood.However,thesharpincreaseinbloodsugarwillcausethebodytoproduceaspecialchemicaltoremoveit.Whenthechemicallowersbloodsugarlevers,wearelikelytofeelsadagainandwillgreedilyeatmorecomfortfood.Thereisthenthedangerofenteringacycleofhighsandlowswheremoreandmorecomfortfood,highincarbohydrates,needtobeeaten.Thislinkswithhealthproblemslikebeingoverweight.當(dāng)我們情緒低落時(shí)，我們可能急需要給我們安慰和安全感的東西。既然它能喚起我們對(duì)過去的美好回憶，或者提供一個(gè)與我們家鄉(xiāng)文化聯(lián)系的機(jī)會(huì)，治愈系食物通常就能起作用。但是，有另外一類治愈系食物，它以一種不同的方式產(chǎn)生積極的情感。富含卡洛里高的食物也使我們感覺更好，隨著像蛋糕之類的甜點(diǎn)被消化，血糖會(huì)很快上升。結(jié)果，我們?cè)诔粤酥斡凳澄镏?，情緒就會(huì)更高。但是，血糖急劇上升會(huì)使身體產(chǎn)生一種特別的化學(xué)物質(zhì)來去除它。當(dāng)化學(xué)物質(zhì)降低血糖時(shí)，我們很可能會(huì)再次感到傷心，將會(huì)貪婪地吃更多的治愈系食物。然后就會(huì)進(jìn)入血糖或高或低的惡性循環(huán)危險(xiǎn)之中，就需要吃越來越多富含碳水化合物的治愈系食物。它與超重等問題有關(guān)。Comfortfoodisanimportanttoolinhelpingusrelievetensionandfeelgoodaboutourselves.However,beawareofthehiddendangersofhigh-caloriecomfortfood!治愈系食物在幫助我們緩解緊張和使自己感覺好方面是一個(gè)很重要的工具。但是，要意識(shí)到高卡路里治愈系食物的隱藏危險(xiǎn)ExtendedreadingReadthefollowingentriesfromtheblogofafoodcriticwhoiseatinghiswaythroughtraditionalChinesefoods.EatinginChina食在中國(guó)7March,Sichuanhotpot3月7日，四川火鍋Themouth-wateringhotpotsofSichuanareasfamousoverseasastheyareinChina,andthehotflavourisenoughtoheatupacoldmidwintereveningortoletlooseriversofsweatonasummerafternoon.Igaveitmyfirsttrylastnight,togetherwithafewlocalfriends.Asthesoupbubbledslowlyoveragasburnerinthemiddleofthetable,itssurfacewascoveredwithabeautifullayerorchillies,Sichuanpeppers,springonionsandredoil.Slowlyatfirst,andthenfasterandfaster,wetippedplatesoffreshmeat,fishandvegetablesintothepot.Thehotflavourquickenedourlaughterandconversation,makingthemealtheperfectwaytorelaxwithfriends.令人垂涎欲滴的四川火鍋，聞名海內(nèi)外，那火鍋的風(fēng)味足以溫暖隆冬的寒夜，或在夏日的午后讓人汗流如注。昨晚，我第一次嘗試了四川火鍋，是與幾位當(dāng)?shù)氐呐笥岩坏莱缘?。桌子正中的煤氣爐上，湯緩緩地冒著泡，表面覆蓋著一層辣椒，花椒和紅油，甚是好看。我們把一盤盤新鮮的肉、魚和菠菜倒進(jìn)鍋里，一開始慢，到后來越來越快，熱辣的味道讓大家談笑起來更有興致，這頓飯成了與友人放松的最佳方式。Sichuanhotpotsareperfectforthedamp,foggyclimateinwhichtheywereinvented.TheyarebelievedtohavestartedoffinthelateQingDynastyasawayforboatmenontheYangtzeRivertokeepwarmduringthecoldandwetwinters.Inthebeginning,thedeliciousdishwasmadesimplybyboilingvegetables,chilliesandSichuanpeppersinwater.Overtime,ithasexpandedtoincludemultipleoptionsofsoups,vegetables,meatsandsauces,appealingtopeopleofdifferenttastes.WhatIlovebestaboutSichuanhotpotsisthattheyofferagreatopportunitytosocializewithfriendssinceamealcanlastforhours.IinstantlybecameabigfanofSichuanhotpotsandI’llsoonbebackformore!四川火鍋非常適合其發(fā)源地潮濕多霧的氣候。人們認(rèn)為，火鍋始自清末，當(dāng)時(shí)是長(zhǎng)江上的船工在濕冷的冬季取暖的一種方法。一開始，美味的火鍋只不過是將菠菜、辣椒和花椒用水煮。后來，火鍋的內(nèi)容逐漸豐富，包括各式湯底以及品種多樣的菠菜、肉和調(diào)料，滿足了人們不同的口味。我最喜歡四川火鍋的一點(diǎn)在于，它為朋友間的交往提供了很棒的機(jī)會(huì)，因?yàn)橐活D飯能吃上好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。我瞬間成了四川火鍋的“鐵桿粉絲”，我很快會(huì)再回來吃的。12August,Nanjingsaltedduck8月12日，南京鹽水鴨SaltedduckisNanjing’smostfamousfoodexport.Severalplaininthin,whiteslices,themeatisjuicyandsalty.EachNanjingsaltedducktakesseveraldaystoprepare,andtheprocessincludessalting,drying,boilingandcooling.AsIfinishedmyfirsthelpingonarecentafternooninNanjing,myhost,ChefZhang,toldmealittlemoreaboutthedish.鹽水鴨是南京最有名的特色食品。鴨肉簡(jiǎn)單地切成白白的薄片，多汁帶咸。每只鹽水鴨都要經(jīng)過腌、晾、煮、涼等工序，耗費(fèi)數(shù)天制成。前幾天下午，我在南京吃完我第一份鹽水鴨后，做東的張大廚給我介紹了一下這道菜。ThecountrysidearoundNanjinghasbeenfamousforitsducksforcenturies;itscountlesswaterwaysmaketheareaperfectforraisingwaterbirds.AlocalhistorybookfromthelateQingDynastypraisedsaltedduckinparticular,sayingitwaswithoutequal.Traditionally,duckisconsideredtohavecoolingproperties,soitisappropriateforthehotsummermonths.Nowadays,peopleeatsaltedduckallyearroundanditisestimatedthattensofthousandsofducksareconsumedeverydayinNanjing!ItdefinitelyhitthespotwhenItriedit,andithasbecomeoneofmypersonalfavourites.南京周邊的鄉(xiāng)村因?yàn)轼喿右呀?jīng)馳名中外數(shù)百年，這一帶水網(wǎng)密布，非常適合養(yǎng)殖水禽。一本清末的地方志尤其盛贊鹽水鴨，稱其無(wú)與倫比。傳統(tǒng)上鴨肉被認(rèn)為性涼，所以適宜在炎熱的夏季食用。如今，人們一年四季都吃鹽水鴨，據(jù)估計(jì)南京人每天要吃掉數(shù)萬(wàn)只鴨子！我一嘗，它正對(duì)我胃口，鹽水鴨已經(jīng)成了我最鐘愛的美食之一。8December,Cantonesedimsum12月8日，廣東點(diǎn)心InGuangzhou,morningteaissuchanessentialpartofthedailyroutinethat“Haveyouhadyourtea?”hasbecomethelocalversionof“Goodmorning.”ThoughteahouseshavebeencommoninChinasincetheTangDynasty,theCantoneseinnovationofthemid-19thcenturywastoserveteatogetherwithavarietyoflightdishes,ordimsum.Theconcepttookoff,andtodayGuangzhou’srestaurantsstimulatecustomers’appetitewithoverathousandofferings,eachmoredelicateanddeliciousthanthelast.在廣東，早茶在日常生活中的地位是如此重要，以至于“飲茶未”（粵語(yǔ)，意為“你吃早茶了嗎”譯者注）成了當(dāng)?shù)厝藛柡蛟绨驳姆绞健ｋm說茶館在中國(guó)從唐代開始司空見慣了，但19世紀(jì)中葉廣東人的創(chuàng)新在于將茶佐以各種小菜或點(diǎn)心。這種觀念時(shí)興起來，如今廣州的餐廳用一千多道點(diǎn)心刺激著食客的食欲，一道比一道精致，可口。TheCantonesedonothurryovertheirbreakfast,asIfoundwhenIvisitedarestaurantinGuangzhou’soldcitycentrethismorning,Theemphasisisratheronconversationaboutbusiness,familyorpleasure,andlocalscanspendhourstogetherchatting,drinkingteaandworkingtheirwaythroughthemenu.Frombeefballstoricenoodlerolls,therearevariousdishesthathavebeenbaked,boiled,steamedorfried.Asinglevisitisnotenoughtoappreciateeverything,andIhavealonglistofdimsumIstillneedtotry.廣東人用早餐并不匆忙，正如今天早晨我在廣東老城區(qū)中心的一家餐廳所見的那樣，重點(diǎn)是談生意，話家常、說樂子。當(dāng)?shù)厝丝梢曰ㄉ蠋讉€(gè)小時(shí)一起談天，飲茶，慢慢吃遍菜單上所有的點(diǎn)心。從牛丸到肥腸，烤、煮、蒸、炸的菜品各式各樣，來一次不足以嘗個(gè)遍，我列出了一個(gè)長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的清單，都是以后要品嘗的點(diǎn)心。Unit2TheUniversallanguage課文及譯文ReadingAgreatwaytolearnaboutanewcultureisthroughitsmusic.Theemailsbelowarewrittenbytwoexchangestudentswhoarediscoveringnewmusicintheirhostcountries.Beforeyoureadtheemails,thinkaboutthefollowingquestions:Whatinformationdoyouthinktheemailscontainaccordingtothesubjects?HaveyouwatchedamusicperformanceliveoronTV?Whatwasitlike?Understandingculturethroughmusic透過音樂理解文化HiLucy,露絲：Sogladtogetyouremail.Ihopeeverythingisfinewithyou.Lastnight,IwatchedaperformanceofButterflyLovers,abeautifulviolinconcertocomposedbyHeZhanhaoandChenGang.It’sapiecethatreallydeservestobeheard.你好！很高興收到你的電郵。希望你一切都好。昨晚嗎，我觀看了一場(chǎng)《梁?！返难莩?，這是由何占豪、陳鋼創(chuàng)作的一部動(dòng)聽的小提琴協(xié)奏曲，這部作品真的值得一聽。Themusictookmethroughthetwistsandturnsofaclassicstoryaboutayoungcoupletornapartbytheirfamilies.Whenthetwolover,LiangShanboandZhuYingtai,firstmeet,themusictislightandpleasant,asifwhisperingtotheaudience.Itisfollowedbyafastandcheerfulsectionwhichrepresentstheirthreehappyyearsofschool.ThenthemusicgetsdramaticwithheaviernotesandthatiswhentheloversareseparatedbecauseZhu’sfatherforceshertomarryanotherman.Angryandsad,Liangfallssickanddies.Zhuweepsbitterlyoverthelossherlove.Overcomewithsorrow,shejumpsintohisgrave.Finally,duringthemostexcitingpart,themusictakesasofterturnandendsonabittersweetnote,tellingushowthecoupletransformintobutterfliesandflyawaytobetogetherforever.Itisanamazingjourney!樂曲帶我進(jìn)入了一個(gè)跌宕起伏的經(jīng)典故事，講述的是一對(duì)年輕情侶被他們家庭拆散的遭遇。當(dāng)兩個(gè)相愛的人，梁山伯與祝英臺(tái)初次相見時(shí)，音樂輕柔愉悅，像是在低聲耳語(yǔ)。隨后是歡快的一節(jié)，代表兩人同窗三載的快樂時(shí)光。接下來，曲調(diào)突然變得沉重，此時(shí)這對(duì)情侶被拆散，因?yàn)樽Ｓ⑴_(tái)的父親逼她另嫁他人。梁山伯悲憤交加，染病而亡，祝英臺(tái)為失摯愛而痛哭，不勝傷悲，她跳進(jìn)了梁山伯的墳?zāi)?。最后，在最激昂的部分，樂曲轉(zhuǎn)而柔緩，以凄美的曲調(diào)收尾，它告訴我們，這對(duì)情侶化蝶而去，永世不再分離，真是一段美妙的旅程！ButterflyLoverscombinesChineseandWesternmusicalelements:itisplayedonWesterninstrumentssuchastheviolin,butmoresignificantly,muchofthemusichasitsrootsinChineseYueOpera.Thisuniquecombinationhasmademerealizethatmusicisindeedauniversallanguage.YoushoulddefinitelylistentoButterflyLovers—Ibetyou’lllikeit.《梁祝》融合了中西方的音樂元素，以西方樂器，譬如小提琴等演奏，但更重要的是，其曲調(diào)大多源自中國(guó)的越劇，這種獨(dú)特的融合使我認(rèn)識(shí)到，音樂的確使一種世界語(yǔ)言。你真該聽一聽《梁?！肺冶ＷC你一定會(huì)喜歡它！Allthebest,祝一切順利！Alice愛麗絲DearStephen,親愛的斯蒂芬：LifehereinNashvilleisasinterestingasIthoughtitwouldbe.Myhostfamilyarebigfansofcountrymusic,soIcanalwaysrelyonthemtointroducemetosomegreatsongs.IlovelearningaboutcountrymusicandIkeepaskingthemquestionsaboutitallthetime!在納什維爾的生活和我之前料想得一樣有趣。我（寄宿）的主人家是鄉(xiāng)村音樂的“鐵桿粉絲”，所以我一直相信他們能給我介紹一些很棒的歌曲，我喜歡了解鄉(xiāng)村音樂，一直在請(qǐng)教他們關(guān)于鄉(xiāng)村音樂的問題。ItturnsoutthatcountrymusicbecamepopularrighthereinthesouthofAmericainthe1940sandthenspreadacrossthenation.Itgrewoutofsuchmusictypesasthebluesandfolkmusic,sothemusiciansusemanysimilarinstruments,suchastheguitar.Thetunesareeasytosing,andthelyricsoftenleaveyoudeepinthought.Mostofthesongsareabouthardshipandheartbreak,butalsoabouthope—withplentyofhumourthrowninforgoodmeasure.Youcanfeelanemotionalconnectionbetweenyouandthemusicians.原來，20世紀(jì)50年代鄉(xiāng)村音樂正是在美國(guó)南部這里流行起來的。隨后傳遍整個(gè)美國(guó)。它源于諸如布魯斯和民謠這樣的音樂，所以音樂家們使用很多類似的樂器，比如吉他，鄉(xiāng)村音樂的調(diào)子朗朗上口，歌詞常常發(fā)人深省。大部分歌曲唱的是艱難與心碎，但也有希望其中還附加了很多幽默元素，你可以感受到自己與音樂家之間的那種情感的聯(lián)系。Countrymusicshowsthepeacefulgreenfieldsandsimplelifeofthecountryside.ObviouslyIdon’tknowwhatit’strulyliketogrowupinruralAmerica,butthemasterofcountrymusic,likeJohnDenver,canmakeyoufeellikeyou’rethere.Thesimpletunesandbeautifulnaturalimagesareoftenverysuggestiveofcountrysidesurroundings:鄉(xiāng)村音樂展現(xiàn)的是鄉(xiāng)村靜謐的綠野和質(zhì)樸的生活。我顯然不知道在美國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)大究竟是什么樣子，但是鄉(xiāng)村音樂的大師們，比如約翰·丹佛，能讓你覺得身臨其境，簡(jiǎn)單的曲調(diào)和唯美的大自然很容易使人聯(lián)想到鄉(xiāng)村的環(huán)境。Almostheaven,WestVirginiaBlueRidgeMountains,ShenandoahRiverLifeisoldthere,olderthanthetreesYoungerthanthemountains,growinglikeabreeze(From“TakeMeHome,CountryRoads”byJohnDenver)Whydon’tyoutrytolistentosomegreatcountrymusic?Iguaranteeyou’llenjoyit!西弗吉尼亞，簡(jiǎn)直就是天堂藍(lán)嶺山脈，謝南多厄河流那里生命古老，比數(shù)更年長(zhǎng)又比群山年輕，像風(fēng)一樣生長(zhǎng)(摘自約翰·丹佛《鄉(xiāng)村路帶我回家》你為什么不試試聽?zhēng)资缀馨舻泥l(xiāng)村音樂？我保證你會(huì)喜歡的！Bestwishes,致最美好的祝福，Harry哈里ExtendedreadingReadthemagazinearticleaboutthegreatclassicalmusicianLudwigvanBeethoven.Beethoven:貝多芬aremarkablelife非凡的一生On7May1824,acrowdofmusicloversstreamedintoatheatreinViennatohearthefirst-everperformanceofthegreatLudwigVanBeethoven’sSymphonyNo.9.Thecrowdimmediatelyrecognizedthattheywerelisteningtosomethingtrulyspecial,andtheybrokeintoenthusiasticcheersattheendofthesymphony.Beethoven,whowasalmostcompletelydeafatthispointinhislife,wasunawareoftheaudience’sresponseuntiloneofthesingersturnedhimaroundtofacethecrowd.Beforehim,hesawaseaofpeopleallstanding,clapping,andwavingtheirhatsandhandkerchiefstoexpresstheirappreciationofhismasterwork.1824年5月7日，一群音樂愛好者涌入維也納的一座劇院，聆聽大作曲家路德維?！し病へ惗喾摇兜诰沤豁懬返氖籽?。聽眾很快意識(shí)到他們所聽絕非凡品，演出結(jié)束的那一刻，全場(chǎng)爆發(fā)出熱情的歡呼。當(dāng)時(shí)貝多芬已近全聾，直到一位領(lǐng)唱扶他轉(zhuǎn)過身來，面向觀眾，他才發(fā)覺反響之熱烈。他看見眼前的人山人海全部起立，有的鼓掌，有的揮舞帽子和手帕，表達(dá)著對(duì)這部杰作的贊賞。SymphonyNo9wasBeethoven’slastmajorpieceofmusicinavastbodyofworkswrittenthroughouthisremarkablelife.Asagiftedchild,Beethovenwaspushedbyhisfathertostudymusicdayandnight.Notlongafter,hebegantobeappreciatedforhispianoperformances.Bythetimehewasateenager,hehadalreadyenjoyedareputationasawonderfulyoungmusician.Manyimportantfiguresinthemusicworld,includingthebrilliantmusicianMozart,startedmakingpredictionsaboutBeethoven’sextraordinaryfuture.However,lifetookasharpturn.Inhislatetwenties,Beethovensufferedoneoftheworstpossibletwistsforamusician:hestartedtolosehishearing.貝多芬非凡的一生留下了極為豐厚的作品，《第九交響曲》是他最后一部大型作品。貝多芬幼年即展露才華，在父親管教下夜以繼日地學(xué)習(xí)音樂。沒過多久，他的鋼琴演奏已受人賞識(shí)。十多歲的時(shí)候，他已經(jīng)是有名的杰出少年音樂家了。不少音樂領(lǐng)域的重要人物，包括才華卓越的莫扎特，都紛紛對(duì)他不可限量的前程給出預(yù)言。然而，厄運(yùn)突至，不到三十歲，貝多芬就開始經(jīng)受音樂家來說至為殘酷的挫折：他的聽覺開始衰退了。ThelossofhishearingdeeplydepressedBeethoven.Hewassoupsetthat,atfirst,hewantedtokeepitasecret.Inalettertohisbrothers,hewrote,“howcouldIpossiblyadmitaweaknessintheonesensewhichshouldbemoreperfectinmethaninothers,asensewhichIoncepossessedinthegreatestperfection...”Eveninhisdarkestmoments,however,Beethovenneverabandonedhope.Despitehishearingloss,hewasdeterminedtofindawaytocontinuelivingalifefullofmusic.Heusedavarietyofhearingaidstotrytoincreasetheamountofsoundhecouldtakein.Whencomposingmusicatthepiano,hewouldputoneendofapencilinhismouthandplacetheotherendagainsttheinstrumentsothathecouldfeelthenotes.AlthoughBeethovenwasabletocontinuecomposingmusic,itbecameincreasinglydifficultforhimtoperforminpublic.WhenBeethovenpresentedSymphonyNo.9Viennain1824,itwashisfirsttimeonstageinovertenyears.聽覺下降令貝多芬深受打擊。他痛苦不堪，起初只想盡量隱瞞。他在給弟弟的信中說：“……這樣一種在我身上本應(yīng)比別人更加完美的感官，這樣一種我曾經(jīng)有絕頂稟賦的感官，如今怎能讓我承認(rèn)它有了缺陷……”然而，即使在那些最晦暗的時(shí)刻，貝多芬都不曾放棄希望。雖然聽不清了，但他決心想辦法讓生活繼續(xù)充滿音樂。他嘗試各種各樣的助聽設(shè)備，讓自己聽到更多的聲音。在鋼琴上作曲時(shí)，他將鉛筆的一端含在嘴里，另一端頂住鋼琴，這樣就能感受到音符。作曲還可以繼續(xù)，但公開演出對(duì)于他而言越來越艱難了。1824年在維也納指揮這場(chǎng)《第九交響曲》，是他十多年來第一次登臺(tái)。Sincethatday,Beethoven’sSymphonyNo.9hasbecomeoneofthemostfamousandtreasuredpiecesinthehistoryofclassicalmusic.Thefirstmovementstartsquietly,butallofasuddenthewholeorchestrabreaksintoanenergetictheme.YoucansoonfeelthedeterminationaqualityBeethovenunderstoodwellbecauseofhishearingdifficulties--coursingthroughthemusic.Thenexttwomovementsarefullofdesperatelowsandupliftinghighswhichperhapsreflectbothhissufferingandhisstrongwilltofightit.Themusicmovesthroughtechnicallydifficultsectionswithease,showinghisgeniusasacomposer.Finally,inthefourthmovement,heconnectsallofthedifferentvariationsintoajoyfulchorus.從此，貝多芬《第九交響曲》成為古典音樂史上最著名和最受珍視的作品之一。交響曲第一章先是在平靜中開始，隨后，樂隊(duì)全體猛然奏出一個(gè)強(qiáng)烈的主題。你頓時(shí)會(huì)感到貫穿整部作品的那種剛毅那種深受聽障之苦的貝多芬所熟知的品質(zhì)。接下來的兩個(gè)樂章，充滿了絕望的低聲部和激越的高聲部，或許分別反映了作曲家的痛苦和與之抗?fàn)幍膱?jiān)強(qiáng)意志。即使技術(shù)難度很高的段落，音樂也都從容流過，展現(xiàn)了他作為作曲家的才華。最后，在第四樂章中，他將一系列形態(tài)各異的變奏合為一闕歡樂的合唱。AsBeethoven’slastgreatwork,hisSymphonyNo.9wasalsoagrandfinaletohislife--hediedlessthanthreeyearsaftertheconcertinVienna,aged56.Forhisamazingachievementsandforhisdeterminationeveninhisdarkestdays,Beethovenisregardedasoneofthemostremarkablemusicianswhoeverlived.《第九交響曲》是貝多芬最后一部偉大的作品，也是他的人生絕唱距這場(chǎng)維也納音樂會(huì)舉辦未滿三年，他就去世了，終年56歲。他驚人的藝術(shù)成就，以及在至暗歲月里都不曾動(dòng)搖的頑強(qiáng)毅力，使他被公認(rèn)為有史以來最卓越的音樂家之一。Unit3Theartofpainting課文及譯文Firstimpressions第一印象3June六月3日Paris,France法國(guó)巴黎Asahugeartfan,IknewexactlywhatIwaslookingforwardtomostaboutmytriptoParis:visitingtheMuseed’Orsay.Housedinanoldrailwaybuilding,thisworld-famousartmuseumfeaturessomeofthebest-knownpaintingsfromtheImpressionistmovementofthe19thcentury.作為一個(gè)狂熱的藝術(shù)家，我非常清楚自己此次巴黎之旅最期待的是什么參觀奧賽博物館。這家世界聞名的藝術(shù)博物館設(shè)在一座古老的鐵路建筑里，以19世紀(jì)印象派運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)期一些最著名的畫作為特色。AsIwanderedthroughtheImpressionistgallery,IappreciatedmasterpieceslikeTheBalletClassandTheCardPlayers.EventhoughIhadadmiredthemhundredsoftimesonmycomputerscreen,nothingcouldhavepreparedmeforthewonderIfeltwhenIfinallylaideyesontherealthing.Whileitwashardtopickafavouritepaintingoutofsomanyamazingworks,theartistswhomadethedeepestimpressiononmeweretwoofthegreatestImpressionistpainters,ClaudeMonetandPierre-AugusteRenoir.漫步于印象派展館，我欣賞著像《舞蹈課》和《玩紙牌者》這樣的杰作。盡管我在電腦屏幕上已經(jīng)欣賞過數(shù)百次，但當(dāng)我終于親眼見到實(shí)物時(shí)，還是覺得猝不及防，驚嘆不已。雖然從這么多令人稱奇的作品中很難選出一幅最喜歡的，但兩位偉大的印象派畫家給我留下了深刻的印象--克勞德·莫奈和皮埃爾-奧古斯特·雷諾阿。IcouldseefromMonet’sworksthathewasgreatlyinspiredbynature.Inthelastthreedecadesofhislifehepaintedmostlyscenesfromhisgarden.OneofthesescenesisshowninthefamouspieceBlueWaterLilies,whichIstudiedforquiteawhileinthegallery.Icouldn’tbelieveitwhenIheardhedidaround250paintingsofthesamewaterlilypond,allindifferentcoloursandstyles.ItisamazingthateverytimeMonetstudiedthissimplescene,hebroughtthepond’sbeautytothecanvasinauniqueway.從莫奈的作品中，我可以看出他深受大自然的啟發(fā)。在他生命的最后30年里，他畫的大多使自家花園的風(fēng)景，其中一處風(fēng)景就展現(xiàn)在他著名的《藍(lán)睡蓮》里，我在展館里端詳了好一陣子。當(dāng)聽說同一個(gè)睡蓮池他畫了大約250幅畫，每一幅顏色和風(fēng)格都各異時(shí)，我簡(jiǎn)直難以置信。令人贊嘆的是，莫奈每次端詳睡蓮池這處簡(jiǎn)單的風(fēng)景，都以獨(dú)特的方式讓它的美躍然于畫布之上。Renoir,Inoticed,preferredtopaintscenesofeverydaylife.Forme,themostinterestingofhispaintingsishis1876masterpieceDanceatLeMoulindelaGalette,whichshowslifeinabusyneighbourhoodofParisonaSundayafternoon.WhenIsawitupclose,Iwasstruckbythesmallareasoflightacrossthepainting,andthewaythesoftedgesofthefiguresseemedtomixtogether.There’ssomuchgoingon,butsolittlecleardetail.Thiseffectmakesthelivelymovementofthedancealmostjumpoutattheviewer.我注意到，雷諾阿更喜歡描繪日常生活場(chǎng)景。在我看來，它最有趣的畫作是他1876年的杰作《煎餅?zāi)Х坏奈钑?huì)》，這幅畫展現(xiàn)了某個(gè)周日下午巴黎一處熱鬧街區(qū)的生活。近距離觀賞，畫布上遍布著小面積的光斑，人物柔和的輪廓似乎融為一體，令我大為震撼。畫上呈現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容如此豐富，但清晰的細(xì)節(jié)又如此之少。這種效果使得舞蹈動(dòng)作活靈活現(xiàn)，引人注目。Althoughthepaintingshadverydifferentsettings,itwastheirsimilaritiesthatstayedwithmelongafterIlefttheMuseed’OrsaysimilaritieswhichcanbeseenthroughouttheImpressionist’spaintings.MonetandRenoir,alongwithotherlike-mindedartists,soughtliberationfromtherulesoftheoldstyle.Everydaysubjectmatterwasthemainfocusoftheirworks,asopposedtothehistorypaintingsthathadtraditionallydominatedEuropeanart.Theyemployedfreebrushworkandusedcolourstoshowtheeffectoflightonthings,creatingpaintingsthatwerefarlessrealisticthantheworksthatcamebefore.Tome,thesetechniquesaretheessenceoftheImpressionistviewofart.Impressionistartistsdidnottrytopainteverydetailinascene--justabrief“impression”theyhadatthatmoment,burningwithvividcoloursandlight,beforeitdisappeared.盡管這兩幅畫的背景截然不同，但在我離開奧賽博物館后很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間里，一直縈繞著我的卻是它們的相似之處這種相似之處在印象派的畫作中隨處可見。莫奈和雷諾阿，以及其他志趣相投的藝術(shù)家，都力求從之前風(fēng)格的束縛中掙脫出來。印象派的作品主要關(guān)注日常主題，這與傳統(tǒng)上歐洲藝術(shù)界占主流的歷史題材畫作大相徑庭。他們運(yùn)用自由的筆法，使用色彩來表現(xiàn)光線投射在物體上的效果，創(chuàng)作的畫遠(yuǎn)不如前人之作那么寫實(shí)。在我看來，這些技巧是印象派藝術(shù)觀的精髓。印象派畫家試圖描繪的并非某個(gè)場(chǎng)景的所以細(xì)節(jié)--而是他們當(dāng)時(shí)產(chǎn)生的瞬間“印象”，在它消失之前，迸發(fā)著鮮明的光彩。TheImpressionists’visioninspiredawholenewgenerationofPost-ImpressionistpainterssuchasVincentvanGoghandPaulGauguin,whoseworksarealsodisplayedattheMuseed’Orsay.ItisalsoworthyofnotethatPost-ImpressionistpainterswerenottheonlyonestobeinfluencedbyImpressionism--themovementhashadalastinginfluenceonmodernart,encouragingartiststolookattheworldfromanentirelynewpointofview.Itcertainlyleftalastingimpressiononmetoo!印象派的遠(yuǎn)見卓識(shí)啟發(fā)了新一代的后印象派畫家，如文森特·高更，奧賽博物館有展出他們的作品。值得注意的是，后印象派畫家并不是唯一受印象派影響的群體--這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)還對(duì)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)產(chǎn)生了持久的影響，鼓勵(lì)著藝術(shù)家們從一個(gè)全新的視覺去看待世界。當(dāng)然，這也給我留下了難忘的印象！QingmingScroll《清明上河圖》ZhangZeduan’sQingmingScrollisamasterworkofChineseart.Paintedonafive-metre-longsilkscroll,itoffersanimportantinsightintolifeinChinainbe12thcentury.ItiscommonlybelievedthatthecitydescribedinthepaintingisBianjing(present-dayKaifeng),thecapitaloftheNorthernSongDynasty.Theancientscrollhassurvivedthetestoftimeremarkablywell,andiscurrentlyhousedinthePalaceMuseuminBeijing.張擇端的《清明上河圖》是中國(guó)藝術(shù)的杰作。此畫為五米絹本長(zhǎng)卷，它對(duì)于我們洞悉12世紀(jì)中國(guó)的生活面貌是極其重要的。人們通常認(rèn)為，畫中描繪的城市是汴京（今開封），即北宋的都城。這幅古老卷歷經(jīng)滄桑依舊完好，現(xiàn)藏于北京故宮博物院。Thescrollconsistsofthreemainsections.ThefirstsectionpresentsapeacefulsceneofrurallifenearBianjing,featuringcropfields,ariverwindingthroughthelandscape,andfarmershardatwork.ThesecondsectionshowstheriverbanksandthecentralbridgealivewithactivityasboatssailinandoutofBianjing.Civilianscanalsobeseenwalkingthroughthecitygateinbothdirections.Thethirdandfinalsectionpictureslifeinsidethecityitself.Here,hundredsofpeoplefromallwalksoflife,includingbutchers,hairdressersandgovernmentofficials,canbeseengoingabouttheirdailybusiness.ThecombinationofthesethreesectionsgivesthevieweranideaofwhatlifewaslikeforthepeopleofBianjing.全畫可分為三部分。第一部分展現(xiàn)了汴京近郊恬靜的鄉(xiāng)村生活，重點(diǎn)描繪了農(nóng)田、蜿蜒而過的河流和辛勤勞作的農(nóng)民。第二部分則展現(xiàn)了熙熙攘攘的河岸和中心橋，往來京城的船只穿梭著。城門處能看到進(jìn)進(jìn)出出的百姓。第三部分，同時(shí)也是最后一部分，描繪了城內(nèi)的生活。我們能看到數(shù)以百計(jì)各行各業(yè)的人，肉販、理發(fā)店、官差，都在忙著各自的營(yíng)生。三部分綜合起來，觀者便可對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)汴京人的生活狀況有一大致了解。Zhang’samazingartistictechniquesisapparentallacrossthescroll.Usinginkonsilk,hecreatesrealisticimagesofscenery,buildingsandpeople,anddisplaysaremarkablemasteryofperspective.Themostimpressiveaspectofthepainting,however,isprobablyZhang’sprecisebrushwork.Thiswell-developedability,aswellasthescroll’sambitionssize,allowsZhangtoshowanenormousamountofdetail--youcouldstudythepaintingforhoursandstilldiscoversomethingnew.顯然，張擇端在整幅畫中表現(xiàn)了他高妙的藝術(shù)技巧。他高超的藝術(shù)技巧。他施墨于娟，落筆之處，風(fēng)景、建筑、人物，無(wú)不逼真?zhèn)魃瘢瑫r(shí)展現(xiàn)出透視法的精通。不過，此畫最引人注目之處是其精準(zhǔn)細(xì)膩的筆法。憑借高超的技藝，以及恢宏的畫幅，畫家刻畫了海量的細(xì)節(jié)，哪怕端詳幾個(gè)小時(shí)，你還是會(huì)有新的發(fā)現(xiàn)。Thankstoallthisfinedetail,theQingmingScrollprovidesacomprehensivelookatlifeduringtheNorthernSongDynasty.Itrevealsagreatdealaboutthe12th-centuryChinesecustoms,clothing,transportationmethods,businesspractices.Atfirstsight,theoverallsceneoflifeinthecapitalcityappearspeacefulandcheerful.However,somecriticsuggestthatoncloserinspection,thepaintingactuallyexposesseriouspoliticalandsocialproblems.Someboatscarryingfooddonotseemtobelongtothegovernment,whichsuggeststhatthegovernmenthaslostcontroloffoodsuppliesandtransportation.Alsointhepaintingaresoldierswhoappeartoignoretheirduties.Therearesomelessobviousindicatorsoftroubletoo.Forexample,inthecentreofthescroll,aboatisindangerofcrashingintothebridge.Thesesortsofdetailspointtoacrisisdevelopinginthecity.Infact,theNorthernSongDynastywasindeclinebythisstage.Abouttwentyyearsafterthepaintingwascompleted,itwasoverthrown.多虧這些精準(zhǔn)的細(xì)節(jié)，《清明上河圖》全面展示了北宋時(shí)期的生活景象。它透露了12世紀(jì)中國(guó)在民俗、服飾、交通方式、商業(yè)活動(dòng)，以及諸如廟宇、茶館、政府設(shè)施等種類繁多的建筑方面的諸多細(xì)節(jié)。咋看上去，京城生活總體上安寧而歡愉。然而，有評(píng)論家指出，細(xì)心觀察，這幅畫其實(shí)揭露了嚴(yán)重的政治和社會(huì)問題。有些運(yùn)糧船看上去不像官船，這意味著官府已失去了對(duì)糧食供應(yīng)和運(yùn)輸?shù)目刂啤．嬛杏行┕俦坪跏栌诼毷?。此外還有一些不好的苗頭，不太容易覺察。比如，畫卷中部有一艘船眼看就要撞到橋上。種種細(xì)節(jié)都預(yù)示著某種危機(jī)正在京城中醞釀。事實(shí)上，當(dāng)時(shí)的北宋王朝已經(jīng)在走下坡路了。這幅畫完成約20年后，北宋覆滅。Zhang’stimelessscrollisanimportantexampleofrealisminthehistoryofChinesepaintings.Itsvalueisdownnotonlytoitsgreatscale,artisticqualityandattentiontodetail,butalsotoitsrepresentationofdailylife.Suchisitsworththatseverallateremperorsevenaskedthemosttalentedartistsoftheirdaytomakecopiesofthescroll.Someofthesecopiesarenowregardedaspreciousworksofartintheirownright.WiththeQingmingScroll,ZhangmadeanoutstandingcontributiontoChineseartandgreatlyinfluencedgenerationsoffutureartists.張擇端這幅不朽之作是中國(guó)繪畫史上現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的重要典范。它的價(jià)值不僅在于畫幅宏大，藝術(shù)性高，注重細(xì)節(jié)，更在于其對(duì)日常生活的再現(xiàn)。其價(jià)值之高，以至后世有多位皇帝令當(dāng)時(shí)最有才華的畫家加以臨摹。其中有些摹本現(xiàn)今自身亦被視為藝術(shù)珍品。張擇端以這幅《清明上河圖》對(duì)中國(guó)藝術(shù)做出了卓越貢獻(xiàn)，也深刻影響后世一代又一代的藝術(shù)家。Theoriginalscrollisstil