藥學(xué)專用英語詞匯專家講座

ProfessionalGlossary

第1頁ContentGMPGlossaryPharmaceuticalterms

FDAGlossaryEtyma&AffixFOODANDDRUGADMINISTRATION

GoodManufacturingPractice

（美國）食品藥物管理局

藥物生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量管理規(guī)范

第2頁FDAGlossary臨床實驗原則藥物

藥物產(chǎn)品

原料藥副作用國家處方集

美國藥典StandardDrugClinicalTrialDrugProductDrugSubstanceAdverseEffectTheUnitedStatesPharmacopeiaNationalFormulary第3頁FDAGlossary標示量

規(guī)格含量

注冊商標

不良反映AdverseReactionLabeledAmountStrengthProprietaryName第4頁GMPGlossary原料藥又稱:活性藥物組分

批次

批號新藥申請

批量生產(chǎn)處方藥

非處方藥

Batch/Lot

API(ActivePharmaceuticalIngredient)

BatchNumber/Lot-Number

NewDrugApplication

BatchProduction

OTCDrug(Over-The-CounterDrug)

PrescriptionDrug

第5頁GMPAbbreviateGCP

GLPA．A．A

ADR

AQL

BOM

CIP

GoodLaboratoryPracticeGoodClinicalPracticeAdditionandAmendmentsAdverseDrugReactionAcceptableQualityLevelCleaninginPlaceBillofMaterial藥物臨床研究管理規(guī)范藥物臨床前安全性研究質(zhì)量管理規(guī)范增補和修訂藥物不良反映合格質(zhì)量原則物料清單在線清洗第6頁FDAAbbreviateGAP

PLAQA

QCSDA

TQCUSPProductLicenseApplicationGoodAgriculturePracticeQualityAssuranceQualityControlStateDrugAdministrationUnitedStatesPharmacopeiaTotalQualityControl藥材生產(chǎn)管理規(guī)范產(chǎn)品許可申請質(zhì)量保證質(zhì)量控制國家藥物監(jiān)督管理局全面質(zhì)量管理美國藥典第7頁Pharmaceuticalterms

PPb濃度partsperbillionconcentration(10-9)PPt濃度partspertrillionconcentration(10-12)ppm濃度partspermillionconcentration(10-6)

安全范疇safetyrange安全實驗法innocuitytestmethod安全系統(tǒng)safetycoefficient安慰劑placebo螯合劑chelatingagent靶細胞targetcell百分濃度percentageconcentration半數(shù)致死劑量halflethaldose;medianlethaldose;LD50半衰期half-lifeperiod;halflifetime包衣片coatedtablet薄膜衣film-coating

第8頁Pharmaceuticalterms

飽和溶液saturatedsolution必需脂肪酸essentialfattyacid變態(tài)反映allergy;allergicreaction表面活性surfaceactivity表面張力surfacetension補體complement補體系統(tǒng)complementsystem不良反映adversereaction長期毒性實驗longtermtoxicitytest長效制劑prolongedactionpreparation腸溶控釋片entericcontrolledreleasetablets腸溶衣entericcoating

第9頁Pharmaceuticalterms

處方prescription;recipe穿透增進劑penetrationenhancers磁性藥物制劑magneticmedicinalpreparations大分子macromolecule當量equivalentweight當量定律equivalentlaw當量濃度normality當量溶液normalsolution等張溶液isotonicsolution低聚糖oligosaccharide滴定titration滴定曲線titrationcurve滴丸劑pill遞質(zhì)transmitter電解electrolyzation電解質(zhì)electrolyte定向藥物制劑directedpharmaceuticalpreparations

第10頁Pharmaceuticalterms

毒理學(xué)toxicology毒性反映toxicresponse;toxicreaction對癥治療symptomatictreatment多劑量給藥multipledoseadministration二重感染superinfection法定處方officialformula芳族化合物aromaticcompound放射毒理學(xué)radiotoxicology放射藥劑學(xué)radiopharmaceutics非必需氨基酸nonessentialaminoacid分子病moleculardisease分子溶液molecularsolution分子生物學(xué)molecularbiology

第11頁Pharmaceuticalterms

分子藥理學(xué)molecularpharmacology輔料excipient副作用sideeffect附加劑additive干燥劑desiccant;dryingagent感受器receptor個體差別性individualdifferences;individualvariation給藥方案或給藥速度dosageregimenordoserate給藥間隔dosinginterval工業(yè)藥劑學(xué)industrialpharmacy共價鍵covalentbond廣譜抗生素broad-spectrumantibiotic過濾filtration過敏性藥物反映anaphylacticdrugreaction過氧化物superoxide含量均勻度contentuniformity核糖核酸ribonucleicacid;RNA

第12頁Pharmaceuticalterms

合并用藥drugcombination合成藥物syntheticdrugs合劑mixture痕量元素traceelement化學(xué)分析chemicalanalysis化學(xué)藥物治療chemotherapy基本藥物essentialdrugs基因gene激活劑activator激活作用activation激素hormone急性毒性實驗acutetoxicitytest劑量dosage;dose劑量或濃度旳依存性doseorconcentrationdependency劑型dosageform

第13頁Pharmaceuticalterms

嚼用片chewabletablets拮抗作用antagonism解毒作用detoxication介質(zhì)mediator;transmitter;medium精神依賴性psychicdependence劇藥powerfuldrug絕對致死劑量absolutelethaldose;LD100抗毒素antitoxin抗體antibody抗血清antiserum抗藥性resistancetodrugs抗原antigen克當量gram-equivalentweight克當量數(shù)gram-equivalentnumber克分子gram-molecule;gram-mol克分子分數(shù)molarfraction克分子量grammolecularweight

第14頁Pharmaceuticalterms

克分子濃度

molarconcentration克原子gram-atom控釋制劑controlledreleasepreparation口腔內(nèi)給藥oraladministration擴散diffusion擴散系數(shù)coefficientofdiffusion累加效應(yīng)additiveeffect冷藏cold-storage冷凍freezing;refrigeration量子藥理學(xué)quantumpharmacology臨床藥理學(xué)clinicalpharmacology臨床藥學(xué)clinicalpharmacy慢通道slowpathway慢性毒性實驗chronictoxicitytest;longtermtoxicitytest酶enzyme

第15頁Pharmaceuticalterms

敏感性sensitivity摩爾分數(shù)濃度molfractionconcentration摩爾濃度molarity耐受性tolerance耐藥性drugtolerance內(nèi)消旋體mesomer皮膚給藥skinadministration片劑硬度tablethardness氣體分析gasanalysis身體依賴性physicaldependence滲入壓osmoticpressure生長曲線growthcurve第16頁Pharmaceuticalterms

生物半衰期

biologicalhalflife生物運用度bioavailability生物制品biologicalproduct生藥crudedrugs手性藥物chiraldrug受體receptor體積比濃度volumebyvolumeconcentration體液bodyfluid天然抗體naturalantibody天然抗原naturalantigen天然免疫naturalimmunity天然藥物crudedrugs;naturaldrugs同位素isotope突變mutation外消旋體raceme微量元素traceelement穩(wěn)態(tài)血藥濃度steadystateplasmaconcentration第17頁Pharmaceuticalterms

消除速率常數(shù)eliminationrateconstant效價potency效價單位potencyunit效價強度potencyintensity效應(yīng)effect協(xié)同作用synergism興奮性excitability懸浮液suspension選擇性selectivity血管內(nèi)給藥intravascularadministration血管外給藥extravascularadministration血漿plasma血漿蛋白結(jié)合率plasmaproteinbindingratio血清serum血藥濃度bloodconcentration血液制品bloodproducts藥—時曲線drug-timecurve藥峰濃度peakconcentrationofdrug藥峰時間peaktimeofdrug藥劑等效性pharmaceuticalequivalence藥敏實驗drugsensitivetest第18頁Pharmaceuticalterms

藥物批號drugbatchnumber藥物有效期expirydate;dateofexpiration藥物質(zhì)量原則drugstandard藥物代謝drugmetabolism藥物分布drugdistribution藥物分析pharmaceuticalanalysis藥物排泄drugexcretion藥物吸取drugabsorption藥物互相作用druginteraction藥物消除drugelimination藥物蓄積drugaccumulation藥效動力學(xué)pharmacodynamics有效半衰期effectivehalt有效率effectiverate有效濃度effectiveconcentration閾劑量thresholddose直腸給藥rectaladministration直線有關(guān)linearcorrelation第19頁Pharmaceuticalterms

中華人民共和國衛(wèi)生部藥物原則DrugStandardofMinistryofPublicHealthofthePeople'sRepublicofChina最大耐受劑量maximaltolerabledose;LDO最大無作用劑量maxialnoneffectivedose;EDO最小明顯差數(shù)leastsignificantdifference最小有效量minimaleffectivedose最小致死劑量minimallethaldose;MLD

第20頁藥物分析專業(yè)詞匯翻譯釋藥系統(tǒng)（drugdeliverysystem，DDS）中國藥典（ChinesePharmacopoeia,ChP）美國藥典（TheUnitedStatesPharmacopoeia,USP）美國國家處方集（TheNationalFormulary,NF）英國藥典（BritishPharmacopoeia,BP）歐洲藥典（EuropeanPharmacopoeia,Ph.Eup）國際藥典（TheInternationalPharmacopoeia,Ph.Int）良好藥物實驗研究規(guī)范（GoodLaboratoryPractice,GLP）良好藥物生產(chǎn)規(guī)范(GoodManufacturePractice,GMP)良好藥物供應(yīng)規(guī)范(GoodSupplyPractice,GSP)良好藥物臨床實驗規(guī)范(GoodClinicalPractice,GCP)分析質(zhì)量管理(AnalyticalQualityControl,AQC)藥物旳鑒別實驗identificationtest一般鑒別實驗generalidentificationtest專屬鑒別實驗specificidentificationtest敏捷度sensitivity最低檢出量minimumdetectablequantity最低檢出濃度minimumdetectableconcentrationPharmaceuticalterms

第21頁藥物原則質(zhì)量原則原則品國際原則品參比原則對照品規(guī)格藥物質(zhì)量控制分析質(zhì)量控制性狀drugstandardqualitystandardstandardsubstanceinternationalstandardsubstancereferencestandardreferencesubstancespecificationdrugqualitycontrolanalyticalqualitycontrolcharacteristics第22頁鑒別限度檢查吸光度吸光系數(shù)吸光度比值澄清度氯化物硫酸鹽重金屬identificationlimittestabsorbancespecificabsorbanceabsorbanceratioclaritychloridesulfateheavymetal第23頁干燥失重含量測定含量均勻度溶出度崩解時限藥物釋放相對密度穩(wěn)定性實驗?zāi)陀眯詌ossondryingassayuniformityofdosageunitsdissolutiondisintegrationdrugreleaserelativedensitystabilitystudyruggedness第24頁熾灼殘渣residueonignition熱重分析法thermogravimetricanalysis,TGA差示熱分析法differentialthermalanalysis,DTA差示掃描量熱法differentialscanningcalorimetry,DSC全血wholeblood治療藥物濃度監(jiān)測therapeuticdrugmonitoring,TDM結(jié)合bound游離free綴合物conjugate液-液提取法liquid-liquidextraction,LLE離子對試劑ionpairreagent離子對提取法ionpairextractionmethod反離子counter液-固提取法liquid-solidextractionLSE半自動樣品制備系統(tǒng)advancedautomatedsampleprocessor,AASP精密度precision第25頁原則差standarddeviation,SDorS相對原則差relativestandarddeviation,RSD變異系數(shù)coefficientofvariation,CV批內(nèi)精密度within-runprecision日內(nèi)精密度within-dayprecision批間精密度between-runprecision日間精密度daytodayprecision精確度accuracy定量限limitofquantitation,LOQ檢測限limitofdetection,LOD選擇性selectivity專屬性specificity線性與范疇linearityandrange重現(xiàn)性reproducibility耐用性robustness第26頁拖尾因子tailingfactor含量均勻度contentuniformity溶出度dissolution離子對高效液相色譜法ion-pair，HPLC超臨界流體萃取supercriticalfluidextraction，SFE國際非專利藥名InternationalNamesforPharmaceuticalSubstances，INN國際理論和應(yīng)用化學(xué)聯(lián)合會InternationalUnionofPureandAppliedChemistry，IUPAC有機化學(xué)命名原則NomenclatureofOrganicChemistry填充柱packedcolumn開管柱opentubularcolumn空心柱capillarycolumn熔融石英開管柱fusedsilicaopentubularcolumn，F(xiàn)SOT高辨別率氣相色譜法highresolutiongaschromatography，HRGC第27頁壁涂開管柱wall-coatedopentubularcolumn，WCOT柱固定化相開管柱immobilizedphaseopentubularcolumn，IPOT柱交聯(lián)柱crosslinkingcolumn鍵合相柱bondingphasecolumn擔體涂漬開管柱support-coatedopentubularcolumn，SCOT柱分流進樣splitinjection不分流進樣splitlessinjection柱頭進樣on-columninjection直接進樣directinjection手性分離色譜chiralseparationchromatography，CSC手性固定化chiralstationaryphase，CSP手性衍生試劑chiralderivatizationreagent，CDR非對映異構(gòu)體diastereoisomer，DSTM第28頁毛細管電泳capillaryelectrophoresis，CE毛細管區(qū)帶電泳capillaryzoneelectrophoresis，CZE膠束動電毛細管色譜micellarelectrokineticcapillarychromatography，MECC膠束動電色譜micellarelectrokineticchromatography，MEKC環(huán)糊精動電色譜cyclodextrinselectrokineticchromatography，CDEKC離子互換動電色譜ion-exchangeelectrokineticchromatography，IEEKC微滴乳狀液動電色譜microemulsionelectrokineticchromatography，MEEKC毛細管凝膠電泳capillarygelelectrophoresis，CGE毛細管等電聚焦capillaryisoelectricfocusing，CIEF毛細管等速電泳capillaryisotachorphoresis，CITP毛細管電色譜capillaryelectrochromatography，CEC色譜響應(yīng)函數(shù)chromatographicresponsefunction，CRF色譜優(yōu)化函數(shù)chromatographicoptimizationfunction，COF等級色譜響應(yīng)函數(shù)hierarchicalchromatographicresponsefunction，HCRF差示分光光度法differencespectrophotometry近紅外光譜nearinfra-redspectrum，NIRS中紅外光譜midinfra-redspectrum，MIRS第29頁光譜匹配法spectralmatching匹配指數(shù)matchindex，M.I.主成分分析法principalcomponentregression，PCR人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)辦法artificialneuralnetworks，ANN核磁共振nuclearmagneticresonance，NMR二維NMRtwodimensionalNMR色譜聯(lián)用技術(shù)hyphenatedtechniqueschromatography，HTC接口interface重建色譜圖reconstructivechromatogram總離子流totalioncarrent，TIC選擇性離子監(jiān)測selectedionmonitoring，SIM多離子檢測multipleiondetection，MID質(zhì)量碎片圖譜法massfragmentography第30頁電子轟擊離子化electronimpactionization，EI化學(xué)離子化chemicalionization，CI快原子轟擊fastatombombardment，F(xiàn)AB熱噴霧thermospray，TSP電噴霧electrospray，ESP大氣壓離子化atmosphericpressureionization，API粒子束接口particalbeam動態(tài)快原子轟擊法FAB離子噴霧接口ISP電子噴霧法ESP串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜MS-MS第31頁Etyma&AffixesEtymahaplo,mono,uni：單，一，獨haploid單倍體monoxide一氧化碳monoatomic單原子旳2.bi,di,dipl,twi,du:：二，雙，兩，偶biocolor雙色,dichromatic雙色旳,diplobacillus雙桿菌dikaryon雙核體,twin：孿生dual雙重旳3.tri:三，丙triangle三角triacylglycerol三酰甘油tricarboxylicacidcycle三羧酸循環(huán)4.quadri,quadru,quart,tetr,tetra：四quadrilateral四邊旳quadrivalent四價旳quadruped四足動物tetrode四極管tetracycline四環(huán)素第32頁5.pent,penta,quique五pentose戊糖pentagon五角形pentane戊烷quintuple五倍旳pentose戊糖pentomer五鄰粒6.hex,hexa,sex六hexose已糖hexapod六足動物hexapoda昆蟲綱hexamer六聚體7.hepta,sept七heptane庚烷heptose庚糖heptoglobin七珠蛋白Etyma&Affixes第33頁Pharmaceuticalterms

8.Oct八octagon八角形octane辛烷octase辛糖9.enne,nona九nonapeptide九肽enneahedron九面體10.deca,deka十decapod十足目動物decahedron十面體decagram十克11.deci,十分之一，分

decimeter分米decigram十分之一克12.milli,千分之一，毫millimole毫摩（爾）milliliter毫升13.micro,百萬分之一，微，微小，微量microgram微克microogranism微生物14.nano十億分之一，毫微，納nanosecond十億分之一秒nanometer納米第34頁Pharmaceuticalterms

15.demi,hemi,semi半demibariel半桶hemicerebrum大腦半球semi-conductor半導(dǎo)體16.holo全，整體，完全holoenzyme全酶holoprotein全蛋白17.macro大，巨大，多macrophage巨噬細胞macrogamete大配子macroelement常量元素mac