狀語從句語法講義-高三英語復(fù)習(xí)

狀語從句語法【考點(diǎn)】1.根據(jù)歷年高考試題,將狀語從句的考點(diǎn)作了全面的歸納,在九大類別中的考查熱點(diǎn)在引導(dǎo)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、讓步、比較、原因狀語從句的連詞上。出現(xiàn)頻率較高讓步狀語從句和原因狀語從句，時(shí)間狀語從句因?yàn)檫B接詞容易出現(xiàn)在一些常用結(jié)構(gòu)里也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。2.狀語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣，3.與其它從句、句型結(jié)合起來考查。【定義】狀語從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語,來說明一件事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、結(jié)果等?！痉诸悺扛鶕?jù)意義上的不同，狀語從句可分為：①時(shí)間狀語從句

②地點(diǎn)狀語從句

③原因狀語從句④目的狀語從句

⑤條件狀語從句

⑥結(jié)果狀語從句⑦讓步狀語從句

⑧方式狀語從句

⑨比較狀語從句（一）時(shí)間狀語從句表時(shí)間的狀語從句可由when,as,while,whenever,after,before,till(until),since,once,assoonas(或themoment),bythetime,nosooner…than,hardly(scarcely)…when,everytime等一一1.When,while,as三者都可解釋為“當(dāng)```的時(shí)候”但側(cè)重點(diǎn)有所不同。1)When從句中謂語動詞可以延續(xù)動詞也可是瞬間動詞。Eg:WhenIarrivedhome,Ihadalittlerest.WhenIwaswalkingonthestreet,Imetanoldfriend.beabouttodo……when正要做……時(shí)發(fā)生了……bedoing......正在做……時(shí)發(fā)生了……when“突然，這時(shí)”Eg:Iwasabouttogotoworkwhenitrained.我正在做作業(yè)時(shí)，我的最好的朋友來拜訪我。(漢譯英）______________________________________________________注意：When/while從句的主語與主句主語相同，謂語動詞是be動詞時(shí)，從句主語和be可以省略。Eg:When______________(walk)alongthestreet,shemetherclassteacher.2)As除了表示“當(dāng)```的時(shí)候”，還可表示為“一面```一面”，“隨著”Eg:Hesangashedanced.(一面```一面)Astimewentby,hishairgrewgrey.3)While表示“當(dāng)```的時(shí)候”強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動作和從句的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生，從句一般用進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。Eg:Whilewewereworking,theywerehavingarest.Whilehavingadiscussion,theygotveryconfused.注意：while有對比的含義，解釋為“然而”。eg:Ipreferblacktee,whilehelikescoffee.__________________________我喜歡打籃球，而我弟弟喜歡踢足球。_____________________________我正在寫作業(yè)，而他在看電視。While翻譯成“趁著”Strikewhiletheironishot.趁熱打鐵。__________________________趁年輕好好學(xué)習(xí)Exercise:1.Shesang______shewentalong.2.__________itgrewdarker,itbecamecolder.3.__________hearrivedhome,itwasjustnineo'clock.4.__________hewasinLondon,hestudiedmusic.5.Iwaswalkingintheforest_________alionappearedinfrontofme.until,not…untiluntil,not…until表示“直到```才”,在肯定句中主句常用延續(xù)性動詞；在否定句中主句常用短暫性動詞?？隙ň洌篒waiteduntilmidnight.否定句：Ididnotleaveuntilmidnight.注意：notuntil…在句首，主句用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Notuntil句型與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)合Ididn’tgotosleepuntilhecameback.→ItwasnotuntilhecamebackthatIwenttosleep.與倒裝句式結(jié)合→NotuntilhecamebackdidIgotosleep.eg:1.Notuntilyouhadexplainedtheproblem___________understandit.AhadIBIhadCdidIDIdid2.Itwasnotuntilitwasdark___________hecameback.一…就①.AssoonasIarriveatChunhui,I’llsendyouaSM.②.upon/on+arriving③.Immediately/Directly/Instantly+句子④.The+時(shí)間名詞(minute/moment……)+句子⑤.hardly/scarcely…when⑥.nosooner…than⑦.Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.=HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.=NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.eg:NosoonerhadIgothomethanmytelephonerang.Exercise:1.Hardly/scarcely___________homewhenitbegantorain.AdidIgetBhadIgotCgotIDIdidgetbefore(1).Itwillbe+一段時(shí)間+before從句(does)要過……才能做Itwillbelongbeforewemeetagain..(2).Itwillnotbe+一段時(shí)間+before從句要不了……就能做Johnthinksitwon’tbelongbeforeheisreadyforhisnewjob.(3).Itwas+一段時(shí)間+before從句(did)過了……做了……Itwassometimebeforeherealizedwhathadhappened.(4).Itwasnot+一段時(shí)間+before從句(did)沒過……做了……Itwasnotlongbeforehereturned.(5)尚未，還沒Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight,buthehungupbeforeIcouldanswerthephone.since①.Itis/hasbeen+一段時(shí)間＋since從句(did)注意：延續(xù)性動詞:反過來翻譯短暫性動詞:直譯Itis10yearssinceIsmoked.(=Igaveupsmoking/droppedsmoking)自從我不抽煙已有三年了.Exercise:1.Asitreported,itis100years____TsinghuaUniversitywasfounded．Everytime,eachtime,nexttimeEverytimeyougetbackatnight,youdropyourbootsonthefloor.Everytime_______________我感冒,Ihavepaininmyback.下次我去那______________________,Iwillvisitthem.（二）原因狀語從句原因狀語從句是表示原因或理由的，引導(dǎo)這類從句的最常用的連詞是because,since,as,nowthat（既然）等。(1)回答why的疑問句，只能用because回答；并且強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，對原因狀語強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，只能用because引導(dǎo)，如ItwasbecauseIgotuplatethatIwaslateforclass.(2)as語氣比because弱(3)since=nowthat，表“既然”，表明顯的原因或事實(shí)，總是位于主句前。Nowthat具有時(shí)間概念，所引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞多為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。(4)for引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后，且常常用逗號隔開。如：Itismorningnow,forthebirdsaresinging．再如：Itmusthaverainedlastnightforthegroundiswetthismorning．特殊引導(dǎo)詞：seeingthat,inthat,consideringthat,giventhat。(1)inthat是復(fù)合連詞，表示“在于，在…方面”;(2)consideringthat=seeingthat意為“既然；”“考慮到”，如：ConsideringthatIcan'taffordanothertestfee,Imustpassitthistime.(3)所有引導(dǎo)原因狀語的單詞，都不能和so連用。Exercise：1.TheoldmanaskedLucytomovetoanotherchair_______hewantedtositnexttohiswife.A．a(chǎn)lthoughB．unlessC．becauseD．if2.Itwas________hismotherwasbadlyillthathewasunhappy.3._________everyoneknowsit,Iwillnotsayanything.4.Thedaybreaks,______thebirdsaresinging.（三）地點(diǎn)狀語從句引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞是where和wherever等。(1)where引導(dǎo)的狀語從句常放謂語動詞之后，沒有先行詞！(有了先行詞就是定語從句了，所以狀語從句中的where不能和inwhich等互換)（2）wherever表示“無論什么地方”，既可引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句，也可做讓步狀語從句.Exercise：1._______thereisawill，thereisaway.2._______yougo,youshouldworkhard.3.WhatIlikemostisthatyoucanuseEnglish_________yougointheworld.4．Thenewteacherwassowellorganizedthatshebegan______westoppedyesterdaysothatnopointwasleftout.（四）目的狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：sothat,inorderthat特殊引導(dǎo)詞：lest,incase,forfearthat(以防萬一)，inthehopethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthat①.Speakclearly,_______theymayunderstandyou.②.Shehasboughtthebook_______shecouldfollowtheTVlessons.③.Heleftearly_______heshouldmissthetrain.④.Iraisedmyvoice________everyonecouldhearme.備注：that/sothat/inorderthat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句,常用情態(tài)動詞may(might)/can(could)/should等連用.（五）結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句是表示事態(tài)結(jié)果的從句，通常主句是原因，從句是結(jié)果。由sothat（從句謂語一般沒有情態(tài)動詞）,so…that,such…that等引導(dǎo)。1.Such…that的常用句型such+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+thatSuch+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)（不可數(shù)名詞）+that注意somany(much,few,little)+名詞，suchalotof(或lotsof)+名詞是慣用法，不可亂用。Sheis____________________(那么漂亮的女孩)thatwealllikeher.Itwas______________________(那么美味好吃的食物)thattheyateitup.2.so+形容詞或副詞+thatso+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+thatHeissorichthathecanbuylotofthingsforhimself.倒裝____________________________________Heworkssohardthathedideverythingwell.倒裝_________________________天氣是如此地?zé)幔灾劣谖覀兌既ビ斡玖恕狪twassuchagooddaythatweallwentswimming.3.sothat既可做目的狀語從句，也可作結(jié)果狀語從句。關(guān)鍵看是否有情態(tài)動詞。當(dāng)從句謂語動詞有情態(tài)動詞時(shí)，為目的狀語從句.若從句謂語不用情態(tài)動詞，而多用過去時(shí)，則該句是結(jié)果狀語從句。4.Too…to,enough…to可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句Sheisyoungthatshecan’tgotoschool.Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.Sheisn'toldenoughtogotoschool.例句他不夠高去打籃球123EXERCISE:1)Hegotup____earlythathecaughtthefirstbus.2)It’s____agoodchancethatwemustnotmissit.3).Iraisedmyvoice,________everyoneheardme.4)Hewas______excitedthathecouldn’tsayaword.5)Shetoldus_______aninterestingstorythatweallforgotthetime.（六）條件狀語從句1if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.如果你請他幫忙,他會幫你的。Ifyoufailintheexam,youwilllethimdown.Pleasecallmeifyoucomenextweek.2其他的連詞:(1).unlessconj.除非,若不,除非在…的時(shí)候Youwillfailtoarrivethereintimeunlessyoustartearlier.如果你不早點(diǎn)動身,你就不能及時(shí)趕到那兒。Unlessitrains,thegamewillbeplayed.除非下雨,比賽將照常進(jìn)行。(2).oncondition(that)...在……條件下,如果;oncondition(that)...引導(dǎo)的條件從句是主句事件發(fā)生的前提條件或唯一條件。Icantellyouthetruthonconditionthatyoupromisetokeepasecret.我可以告訴你真相,條件是你答應(yīng)保守秘密。Youcangoswimmingoncondition(that)youdon’tgotoofarfromtheriverbank.你只有在不遠(yuǎn)離河岸的條件下才可以下水游泳。(3).supposingconj.如果,假如supposing引導(dǎo)的條件從句表示一種假設(shè)條件Supposingitrains,shallwecontinuethesportsmeeting?倘若下雨,我們的運(yùn)動會還要繼續(xù)舉行嗎?Supposingsomethingshouldgowrong,whatwouldyoudothen?假如出了什么問題,你準(zhǔn)備怎么對付?Supposingitrains,shallwecontinuethesportsmeeting?倘若下雨,我們的運(yùn)動會還要繼續(xù)舉行嗎?Supposingsomethingshouldgowrong,whatwouldyoudothen?假如出了什么問題,你準(zhǔn)備怎么對付?(4).providedconj.假如,除非,以……為條件provided(that)+從句表示一種假設(shè)條件。Hewillsignthecontractprovidedweoffermorefavorableterms.如果我們提出更優(yōu)惠的條件,他就會在合同上簽字。Hewon’tbeagainstusinthemeetingprovidedthatweaskforhisadviceinadvance.如果我們提前征求一下他的意見,他就不會在會上反對我們。(5)另外還有incase,as/solongasIncaseitrains,donotexpectme.如若下雨,就不要等我了。Aslongasyoupromisetocome,I’llwaitforyouuntilyoucome.只要你答應(yīng),我就等你來。Exercise1.Johnmayphonetonight.Idon’twanttogoout________hephones.A.aslongasB.inorderthatC.incaseD.sothat2.Themenwillhavetowaitallday______thedoctorworksfaster.A.ifB.unlessC.whetherD.that3._______Iknowthemoneyissafe.Ishallnotworryaboutit.A.EventhoughB.UnlessC.AslongasD.While4.______youcallmetosayyou’renotcoming,I’llseeyouatthetheatre.A.ThoughB.WhetherC.UntilD.Unless5．Idon’tthinkshe’llbesadbutI’llgoandcomforther________sheis.A．incaseB．a(chǎn)sifC．eventhoughD．unless6．Howtheloansarepaidshouldbeoflittleconcerntothebank________theyarepaidontime.A．a(chǎn)swellasB．a(chǎn)ssoonasC．a(chǎn)slongasD．a(chǎn)sfaras（七）讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句可由although,though,as,evenif(though),however,whatever,whether…or,nomatterwho(when,what,…)等引導(dǎo)。注意：as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句一般是倒裝的。①.Although(Though)hewasoversixty,(yet)hebegantolearnFrench.備注：though/although不能與but連用,但可與yet或still連用②.I’llgoevenif(though)itrainstomorrow.即使明天下雨，我也要去。備注：evenif/eventhough“即使,縱使”有退一步設(shè)想的意味，多用于書面語中。③.-----ever/nomatter------的區(qū)別：以Whatever/nomatterwhat的區(qū)別為例：Whatever既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。Nomatterwhat只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。（常放在句首）1)_____________________________,Iwillsticktomyopinion.2)Idon'tcareabout_____________________otherssaid.3)_________________________isofnousenow.4)Nomatter________hardhetried,shecouldnotchangehermind.5)_____________yousay,Iwon'tbelieveyou.6)Nomatter________yousay,Idon'tcare.7)Nomatter________youare,youmustobeytherulesofourschool.8)________hardhetried,hefailedagain.9)Nomatter_______theweatherislike,youcanalwaysfindsurfersoutridingthewaves.④.As引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的倒裝：as用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝，常倒裝表語，沒有表語倒裝狀語，沒有狀語，倒裝部分謂語。如果表語是名詞，倒裝時(shí)不能加任何冠詞.1．形容詞+as+主語+系動詞：例：Tiredasheis,heofferstohelpme.盡管他已經(jīng)很累了，他還是主動提出幫助我。2．過去分詞+as+主語+系動詞：例：Well-knownasthebookis,theauthorisnotsatisfiedandpreparedtoreviseit.盡管這本書寫得很好,作者還是不滿意并打算修改它。3．名詞+as+主語+系動詞：例：Studentasheis,hedoesnotstudyhard.他雖然是個學(xué)生，但卻不努力學(xué)習(xí)?！菊f明】要特別注意位于句首的名詞前習(xí)慣上不用冠詞，即使其前有形容詞修飾也不用冠詞。比較：Boyasheis，helikestoplaywithgirls.=Thoughheisaboy，helikestoplaywithgirls.他雖是男孩，卻喜歡與女孩子玩。4．副詞+as+主語+謂語部分：例：MuchasIadmirehiscourage,Idon’tthinkheactedwisely.我雖然欽佩他的勇氣，但我認(rèn)為他這樣做是不明智的。5．動詞原形+as+主語+謂語的剩余部分：例：Tryasyouwill，youwon’tbeabletopersuadehim.不管你怎么努力，你都說服不了他。翻譯：他雖是個孩子，卻知道幫助別人他雖然成功，但不驕傲。盡管我喜歡巴黎，但我不