動詞和動詞短語 中考英語高頻考點專項突破【考點詳解+真題】

動詞和動詞短語中考英語精選考點專項突破命題趨勢：動詞是用來描述主語的動作行為或狀態(tài)的一類詞。動詞在句中作謂語，用來說明主語是什么、處于什么狀態(tài)或做什么。動詞有不同的形式，這些形式體現(xiàn)了動作發(fā)生的時間、語態(tài)等信息。中考對動詞的考查方式靈活、題型多樣。在備戰(zhàn)2020年中考時，考生要牢記近義動詞及動詞短語的不同含義，多做練習，在實踐中加以區(qū)分。中考考查重點：1.動詞辨析；2.動詞短語辨析?？枷蛞唬簞釉~的分類分類特點例句實義動詞表示動作或狀態(tài)，有完整的詞義，能獨立作謂語。按其帶不帶賓語可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。Givemesomeink,please.請給我一些墨水。Heworkshard.他工作努力。連系動詞本身有詞義，不能獨立作謂語，必須和表語一起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征或身份等。Heisateacher.他是一位老師。助動詞本身無詞義，不能獨立作謂語，只能和實義動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語?？捎脕肀硎痉穸?、疑問、時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣等。IamwatchingTV.我正在看電視。Idon’tspeakEnglish.我不說英語。情態(tài)動詞本身有一定的意義，表示人的語氣和情態(tài)，不可單獨作謂語，須和實義動詞或系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。Tomcanswim.湯姆會游泳。MayIcomein?我可以進來嗎？考向二：實義動詞分類用法例句及物動詞能直接跟賓語Sheboughtahookyesterday.她昨天買了一本書?！局R拓展】1.單賓語動詞：即只可接一個賓語的動詞，如：accept接受；discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；enjoy享受；forget忘記；borrow借入；buy買；catch抓；invent發(fā)明；found建造；like喜歡；find尋找；forget忘記；receive接受；see看見；say說；show展示；make做；tell告訴等。I’msorrythatIforgotyouraddress.對不起，我忘了你的地址。2.雙賓語動詞：即后接間接賓語(指人)和直接賓語(指物)的動詞，如：give給；buy買；pay付款；hand遞；read讀；return返還；sell賣等。Iamgoingtoreturnhimthebookstomorrowafternoon.我明天下午要把書還給他。3.接復合賓語的動詞：后接賓語和賓補的動詞，如：believe相信；find發(fā)現(xiàn)；hear聽見，聽說；keep保持；make使得；see看見等。Theykepthimwaitingatthedoorfortwentyminutes.他們讓他在門口等了20分鐘。4.接動名詞作賓語的動詞：如advise建議；consider考慮；finish完成；imagine想象；practise練習；suggest建議等。Shepractisesplayingthepianoeveryday.她每天都練習彈鋼琴。5.接不定式作賓語的動詞：如agree同意；decide決定，下決心；hope希望；refuse拒絕；manage設法等。Billrefusedtotakeresponsibilityfortheaccident.比爾拒絕對那次事故負責任。不及物動詞不能直接跟賓語Heiswaitingforyouatthegate.他在門口等著你?！局R拓展】常見的不及物動詞：ache疼痛；appear出現(xiàn)；arise出現(xiàn)，上升，起立；arrive到達；belong屬于；care關(guān)心；come來；cough咳嗽；cry哭；die死亡；disappear消失；exist存在，生存；faint昏倒，變得微弱；fall落下；flow流動；go去；happen發(fā)生；laugh笑；lie躺；listen聽；live生活，居?。籰ook看；occur發(fā)生；rise上升，起立；sit坐；smile微笑；swim游泳考向三：連系動詞分類常用詞例句表示主語的狀態(tài)、特征和身份等be(是)，look(看起來)，seem(似乎)，feel(感覺)，appear(出現(xiàn))，smell(聞起來)，taste(嘗起來)，sound(聽起來)Heisagoodfather.他是一位好父親。Shelooksyoungerthanbefore.她看起來比以前年輕。表示主語從一種狀態(tài)到另一種狀態(tài)，但側(cè)重于轉(zhuǎn)變后的結(jié)果turn(轉(zhuǎn)變)，become(成為)，get(得到)，grow(增長)，go(去)，fall(跌落)，come(來)，prove(證明)Everyonewillgrowold.每個人都會變老。Afterafewyears,thethingsgotworseandworse.幾年后，情況變得越來越糟糕。表示主語保持某種身份、特征或狀態(tài)不變keep(保持)，remain(仍舊)，stay(保持)，continue(繼續(xù))Theoldmanstayscalm.老人保持平靜。Keepquietwhileyou’regoingaround.參觀時要保持安靜。—Whatwillasciencemuseumbelikeifyouareaskedtobuildone?—Ihopeitwill_____________likeabook.A.taste B.sound C.look D.smell【答案】C【解析】問句中的asciencemuseum為建筑物，故答語中應該用looklike，表示＂看上去像……＂，其余選項不符合句意?？枷蛩模褐鷦釉~be人稱數(shù)現(xiàn)在時態(tài)過去時態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞第一人稱單數(shù)amwasbeingbeen復數(shù)arewere第二人稱單數(shù)arewere復數(shù)arewere第三人稱單數(shù)iswas復數(shù)arewere【知識拓展】be的用法：be主要用來構(gòu)成進行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。1.＂be+現(xiàn)在分詞＂構(gòu)成進行時態(tài)。Myboyfriendisreadinganewspaperinthesofa.我的男朋友正坐在沙發(fā)上看報紙。2.＂be+及物動詞的過去分詞＂構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。Thetruthwillbeknowntoeveryone.真相將會大白于天下。助動詞do形式肯定式否定式縮略否定式原形dodonotdon’t第三人稱單數(shù)doesdoesnotdoesn’t過去式diddidnotdidn’t【知識拓展】助動詞do的用法：do主要用來構(gòu)成否定句、疑問句或?qū)χ^語動詞進行強調(diào)。1.用do構(gòu)成否定句和疑問句。Idon’tlikethiskindofmusic.我不喜歡這種音樂。2.＂do+動詞原形＂構(gòu)成強調(diào)句。Idoneedyourhelp.我的確需要你的幫助。助動詞have形式肯定式否定式縮略否定式原形havehavenothaven’t第三人稱單數(shù)hashasnothasn’t過去式hadhadnothadn’t【知識拓展】助動詞have的用法：have與過去分詞構(gòu)成各種完成時態(tài)。Wehaven’tseenforalongtime.我們很久沒見面了考向五：動詞的甚本形式形式規(guī)則變化例句一般現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù)一般情況在動詞后直接加-slook→looks；work→works以o、s、x、sh、ch結(jié)尾的動詞，后加-escatch→catches；go→goes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，變y為i，再加-esstudy→studies；try→tries現(xiàn)在分詞一般情況在動詞后直接加-ingread→reading；go→going以ee、oe、ye結(jié)尾的動詞，直接加-ingsee→seeing；toe→toeing以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，先去掉e，再加-inglove→loving；write→writing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，詞尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，先雙寫輔音字母，再加-ingcut→cutting；put→putting少數(shù)以ie結(jié)尾的動詞，先變ie為y再加-ingdie→dying；lie→lying過去式和過去分詞一般情況在動詞后直接加-edask→asked；help→helped以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，只加-dlike→liked；live→lived以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，變y為i，再加-edcry→cried；study→studied以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，詞尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，先雙寫輔音字母，再加-edstop→stopped；plan→planned考向六：動詞短語構(gòu)成方式常見短語動詞+冠詞+名詞giveaconcert開音樂會，giveatea進行測試，havearest休息，haveapicnic野餐，haveatry試一試，keeparecord保持紀錄，leaveamessage留言，makeaface做鬼臉，makealiving謀生，makeaspeech進行演講，payabill付賬，takearisk冒險動詞+名詞catchfire著火，keepwatch守望/值班，makerepairs維修，playsports做運動，takeaction采取行，takemeasures采取措施，takeplace發(fā)生/舉行動詞+名詞+介詞catchholdof抓住，catchsightof看見，makecontributionsto對……做貢獻，makeroomfor給……騰地方，makeuseof利用，payattentionto注意，take動詞+介詞+名詞comeintouse開始使用，getintotrouble陷入麻煩，playwithfire玩火/冒險，waitinline排隊等候動詞+賓語+介詞+名詞bring...tomind使想起，ouse應用，opractice實行/實施，take...forexample以……為例動詞+副詞+介詞addupto合計達，breakawayfrom脫離，comeupwith想出/提出，catchupwith趕上，追上，goaheadwith開始，著手，goinfor參加/追求，goalongwith一起去，holdonto堅持，keepawayfrom遠離，lookdownupon瞧不起/輕視，putupwith忍受/容忍，runoutof用完Springhascome.Wecan’t_____________theplan.Thetreesmustbeplantedthisweek.A.putoff B.makeup C.comeupwith D.lookup【答案】A【解析】由句意可知，春天來了，我們不能推遲計劃。這周必須把樹種好。putoff推遲；makeup編造；comeupwith跟上；lookup向上看。故選A。1．（2022·西藏·中考真題）You________betiredafterthewholeday’swork.A．must B．should C．can D．would2．（2022·四川四川·中考真題）—________Ihelpyou,sir?—Yes,I’dliketotryonthoseblackshoes.A．Will B．Should C．Must D．May3．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·中考真題）—Mum,whydowehavetowaitatthecrossingforsuchalongtime?—Foroursafety,we________betoocareful.A．mustn’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t4．（2022·山東青島·中考真題）—MayIgoboatingwithmyclassmatesthisweekend?—Ofcourse,butyou__________swimintheriver!A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．wouldn’t D．couldn’t5．（2022·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）—_______Iuseyourglue?I’mmakingakite.—Noproblem.Hereyouare.A．Should B．Need C．Must D．May6．（2022·江蘇淮安·中考真題）—MissLi.Idon’twanttosaysorrytoDaniel.—I’mafraidyou________.Afterall,youbrokehisglasses.A．may B．haveto C．mustn’t D．needn’t7．（2022·遼寧大連·中考真題）—Wilson,________youhelpmecarrytheboxupstairs?—Sure,noproblem.A．could B．need C．should D．might8．（2022·廣西玉林·中考真題）—Hey,whosebasketballdoyouthinkthisis?—It________belongtoLinda.Shelikesplayingbasketballbestinourclass.A．must B．can C．mustn’t D．can’t9．（2022·黑龍江牡丹江·中考真題）—Angel,IhavemovednearPeople’sPark.—Oh,it________beveryconvenient.Youcanexercisethereanytimenow.A．must B．might C．could10．（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題）—Idon’tcarewhatKatethinks.—Well,you_______.Hersuggestionsareofsomevalue.A．would B．should C．might D．could11．（2022·廣西柳州·中考真題）—Canyouplaytheguitar,Mark?—Yes,I________.A．can B．must C．will12．（2022·北京·中考真題）—_________Itakephotoshere?—Sorry,youcan’t.It’snotallowedinthemuseum.A．Must B．Need C．Can D．Will13．（2022·遼寧遼寧·中考真題）Thesoup________alittlesalty,thereisnoneedtoaddmoresalt.A．looks B．smells C．sounds D．tastes14．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古包頭·中考真題）—You________beexcited—youhaveticketsforyourfavouriteband!—Yes.It’sunbelievablethatIcanseethebandplaylive!A．need B．haveto C．must D．might15．（2022·貴州黔東南·中考真題）Inourschoollibrary,there_________anumberofbooksonart.Thenumberofthebooks_________stillgrowinglargerandlarger.A．is;is B．a(chǎn)re;is C．is;are D．a(chǎn)re;are16．（2022·海南·中考真題）—HowdoyoulikethiscupofXinglongCoffee?—It________reallygreat.I’dlikeanothercup.A．looks B．feels C．tastes17．（2022·湖北鄂州·中考真題）—Whoseisthistoytruck?—It_________belongtoDick.Hewastheonlylittlekidatthepicnic.A．can’t B．must C．could D．need18．（2022·河北·中考真題）—DoIhavetohandinmyreportnow?—Ofcourse,you________.We’regoingtodiscussit.A．can B．can’t C．must D．mustn’t19．（2022·湖北武漢·中考真題）DuringtheTangdynasty(唐朝),nearlyeverythingproducedintheworld________onthestreetsofChang’an.A．isfound B．hasbeenfound C．willbefound D．couldbefound20．（2022·江蘇揚州·中考真題）Protectyourhearing.Don’twaituntilyou________hearathing.A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．can’t21．（2022·浙江·樂清市樂成實驗中學三模）—Istheladywaitingattheschoolgateyourmother,Alex?—No,it________beher.ShehasgonetoHainanonbusiness.A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t22．（2022·江蘇·無錫外國語學校二模）—Howisitgoinginyournewcompany?

—It________bebetter.I’malwaysinhighspiritsatwork.A．shouldn’t B．couldn’t C．mustn’t D．maynot23．（2022·福建·福州三牧中學一模）Hewasmade________theroomwithhisbrothersyesterdayeveningA．clean B．toclean C．cleaned24．（2022·遼寧撫順·模擬預測）—Ididn’tenjoymyselfattheparty.Ijustfelt_________.—Well,maybethereweretoomanypeopleattheparty.A．leftout B．toleaveout C．leavingout D．beleftout25．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·包頭市第三十五中學三模）DragonBoatFestivalispopularinChina.Insteadofsaying“HappyDragonBoatFestival”,peopleshouldsay,“Stay________andsoundatDragonBoatFestival”.A．safer B．safely C．moresafely D．safe26．（2022·湖南·湘邵陽縣第四中學一模）—HowdoyoulikeZhangJing’stranslationatthemeetingbetweenChinaandtheUS?—Wonderful!Itisworth________.A．listening B．listeningto C．tolistento27．（2022·江蘇江蘇·一模）Whichofthefollowingwordscanbefilledinthe____▲____tocompletethepoem?HelpinghandsNightisfalling,theskyisdark.Theonlysoundsaredogsthatbark.Wedrivealongthestreetsallnight.Tostopthievesandthosewho____▲____.It’sadangerousjobbutwe’rebrave.Wehelpkeepourcitysafe.A．save B．light C．rob D．fight28．（2022·安徽·模擬預測）—Kevinfallsasleepinclasseverymorning.—He________beoutlateeverynightormaybeheworksatnight.A．can B．need C．must D．should29．（2022·重慶·模擬預測）ThereissomethingwrongwithmyDVDplayer.I’llhaveit________.A．fixing B．tofix C．fixes D．fixed30．（2022·遼寧大連·一模）—MustIfinishtheworktoday?—No,you________.Butyou________finishitbeforenextMonday.A．can’t,need B．mustn't;must C．mustn't;could D．needn't;must31．（2022·河北保定·二模）—Whoisthegirlsinginginthemusicroom?IsitMary?—No,it________beher.SheisnowonbusinessinShanghai.A．must B．can’t C．can D．mustn’t32．（2022·山東·平陰縣教育教學研究中心二模）—Listen!IsLilysingingintheclassroom?—No.It_____beLily.ShehasgonetoParis.A．maynot B．needn't C．can't D．won't33．（2022·江蘇·揚州市翠崗中學二模）—Frank,look!Whoarethechildrenunderthetree___waitinginaline?—TheyarethestudentsfromNo.1PrimarySchool.A．thatare B．whereare C．whichis D．whois34．