動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) 中考英語(yǔ)高頻考點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)突破【考點(diǎn)詳解+真題】

動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中考英語(yǔ)精選考點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)突破命題趨勢(shì)：動(dòng)詞是用來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作行為或狀態(tài)的一類詞。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么、處于什么狀態(tài)或做什么。動(dòng)詞有不同的形式，這些形式體現(xiàn)了動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、語(yǔ)態(tài)等信息。中考對(duì)動(dòng)詞的考查方式靈活、題型多樣。在備戰(zhàn)2020年中考時(shí)，考生要牢記近義動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的不同含義，多做練習(xí)，在實(shí)踐中加以區(qū)分。中考考查重點(diǎn)：1.動(dòng)詞辨析；2.動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析?？枷蛞唬簞?dòng)詞的分類分類特點(diǎn)例句實(shí)義動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，有完整的詞義，能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)。按其帶不帶賓語(yǔ)可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。Givemesomeink,please.請(qǐng)給我一些墨水。Heworkshard.他工作努力。連系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，必須和表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征或身份等。Heisateacher.他是一位老師。助動(dòng)詞本身無(wú)詞義，不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，只能和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)?？捎脕?lái)表示否定、疑問(wèn)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣等。IamwatchingTV.我正在看電視。Idon’tspeakEnglish.我不說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定的意義，表示人的語(yǔ)氣和情態(tài)，不可單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。Tomcanswim.湯姆會(huì)游泳。MayIcomein?我可以進(jìn)來(lái)嗎？考向二：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞分類用法例句及物動(dòng)詞能直接跟賓語(yǔ)Sheboughtahookyesterday.她昨天買了一本書。【知識(shí)拓展】1.單賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：即只可接一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，如：accept接受；discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；enjoy享受；forget忘記；borrow借入；buy買；catch抓；invent發(fā)明；found建造；like喜歡；find尋找；forget忘記；receive接受；see看見(jiàn)；say說(shuō)；show展示；make做；tell告訴等。I’msorrythatIforgotyouraddress.對(duì)不起，我忘了你的地址。2.雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：即后接間接賓語(yǔ)(指人)和直接賓語(yǔ)(指物)的動(dòng)詞，如：give給；buy買；pay付款；hand遞；read讀；return返還；sell賣等。Iamgoingtoreturnhimthebookstomorrowafternoon.我明天下午要把書還給他。3.接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：后接賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞，如：believe相信；find發(fā)現(xiàn)；hear聽見(jiàn)，聽說(shuō)；keep保持；make使得；see看見(jiàn)等。Theykepthimwaitingatthedoorfortwentyminutes.他們讓他在門口等了20分鐘。4.接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：如advise建議；consider考慮；finish完成；imagine想象；practise練習(xí)；suggest建議等。Shepractisesplayingthepianoeveryday.她每天都練習(xí)彈鋼琴。5.接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：如agree同意；decide決定，下決心；hope希望；refuse拒絕；manage設(shè)法等。Billrefusedtotakeresponsibilityfortheaccident.比爾拒絕對(duì)那次事故負(fù)責(zé)任。不及物動(dòng)詞不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)Heiswaitingforyouatthegate.他在門口等著你。【知識(shí)拓展】常見(jiàn)的不及物動(dòng)詞：ache疼痛；appear出現(xiàn)；arise出現(xiàn)，上升，起立；arrive到達(dá)；belong屬于；care關(guān)心；come來(lái)；cough咳嗽；cry哭；die死亡；disappear消失；exist存在，生存；faint昏倒，變得微弱；fall落下；flow流動(dòng)；go去；happen發(fā)生；laugh笑；lie躺；listen聽；live生活，居?。籰ook看；occur發(fā)生；rise上升，起立；sit坐；smile微笑；swim游泳考向三：連系動(dòng)詞分類常用詞例句表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、特征和身份等be(是)，look(看起來(lái))，seem(似乎)，feel(感覺(jué))，appear(出現(xiàn))，smell(聞起來(lái))，taste(嘗起來(lái))，sound(聽起來(lái))Heisagoodfather.他是一位好父親。Shelooksyoungerthanbefore.她看起來(lái)比以前年輕。表示主語(yǔ)從一種狀態(tài)到另一種狀態(tài)，但側(cè)重于轉(zhuǎn)變后的結(jié)果turn(轉(zhuǎn)變)，become(成為)，get(得到)，grow(增長(zhǎng))，go(去)，fall(跌落)，come(來(lái))，prove(證明)Everyonewillgrowold.每個(gè)人都會(huì)變老。Afterafewyears,thethingsgotworseandworse.幾年后，情況變得越來(lái)越糟糕。表示主語(yǔ)保持某種身份、特征或狀態(tài)不變keep(保持)，remain(仍舊)，stay(保持)，continue(繼續(xù))Theoldmanstayscalm.老人保持平靜。Keepquietwhileyou’regoingaround.參觀時(shí)要保持安靜?！猈hatwillasciencemuseumbelikeifyouareaskedtobuildone?—Ihopeitwill_____________likeabook.A.taste B.sound C.look D.smell【答案】C【解析】問(wèn)句中的asciencemuseum為建筑物，故答語(yǔ)中應(yīng)該用looklike，表示＂看上去像……＂，其余選項(xiàng)不符合句意?？枷蛩模褐鷦?dòng)詞be人稱數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞第一人稱單數(shù)amwasbeingbeen復(fù)數(shù)arewere第二人稱單數(shù)arewere復(fù)數(shù)arewere第三人稱單數(shù)iswas復(fù)數(shù)arewere【知識(shí)拓展】be的用法：be主要用來(lái)構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1.＂be+現(xiàn)在分詞＂構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。Myboyfriendisreadinganewspaperinthesofa.我的男朋友正坐在沙發(fā)上看報(bào)紙。2.＂be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞＂構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Thetruthwillbeknowntoeveryone.真相將會(huì)大白于天下。助動(dòng)詞do形式肯定式否定式縮略否定式原形dodonotdon’t第三人稱單數(shù)doesdoesnotdoesn’t過(guò)去式diddidnotdidn’t【知識(shí)拓展】助動(dòng)詞do的用法：do主要用來(lái)構(gòu)成否定句、疑問(wèn)句或?qū)χ^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。1.用do構(gòu)成否定句和疑問(wèn)句。Idon’tlikethiskindofmusic.我不喜歡這種音樂(lè)。2.＂do+動(dòng)詞原形＂構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句。Idoneedyourhelp.我的確需要你的幫助。助動(dòng)詞have形式肯定式否定式縮略否定式原形havehavenothaven’t第三人稱單數(shù)hashasnothasn’t過(guò)去式hadhadnothadn’t【知識(shí)拓展】助動(dòng)詞have的用法：have與過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成各種完成時(shí)態(tài)。Wehaven’tseenforalongtime.我們很久沒(méi)見(jiàn)面了考向五：動(dòng)詞的甚本形式形式規(guī)則變化例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)一般情況在動(dòng)詞后直接加-slook→looks；work→works以o、s、x、sh、ch結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，后加-escatch→catches；go→goes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i，再加-esstudy→studies；try→tries現(xiàn)在分詞一般情況在動(dòng)詞后直接加-ingread→reading；go→going以ee、oe、ye結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加-ingsee→seeing；toe→toeing以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e，再加-inglove→loving；write→writing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，先雙寫輔音字母，再加-ingcut→cutting；put→putting少數(shù)以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先變ie為y再加-ingdie→dying；lie→lying過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞一般情況在動(dòng)詞后直接加-edask→asked；help→helped以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只加-dlike→liked；live→lived以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i，再加-edcry→cried；study→studied以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，先雙寫輔音字母，再加-edstop→stopped；plan→planned考向六：動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成方式常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+冠詞+名詞giveaconcert開音樂(lè)會(huì)，giveatea進(jìn)行測(cè)試，havearest休息，haveapicnic野餐，haveatry試一試，keeparecord保持紀(jì)錄，leaveamessage留言，makeaface做鬼臉，makealiving謀生，makeaspeech進(jìn)行演講，payabill付賬，takearisk冒險(xiǎn)動(dòng)詞+名詞catchfire著火，keepwatch守望/值班，makerepairs維修，playsports做運(yùn)動(dòng)，takeaction采取行，takemeasures采取措施，takeplace發(fā)生/舉行動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞catchholdof抓住，catchsightof看見(jiàn)，makecontributionsto對(duì)……做貢獻(xiàn)，makeroomfor給……騰地方，makeuseof利用，payattentionto注意，take動(dòng)詞+介詞+名詞comeintouse開始使用，getintotrouble陷入麻煩，playwithfire玩火/冒險(xiǎn)，waitinline排隊(duì)等候動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+介詞+名詞bring...tomind使想起，ouse應(yīng)用，opractice實(shí)行/實(shí)施，take...forexample以……為例動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞addupto合計(jì)達(dá)，breakawayfrom脫離，comeupwith想出/提出，catchupwith趕上，追上，goaheadwith開始，著手，goinfor參加/追求，goalongwith一起去，holdonto堅(jiān)持，keepawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離，lookdownupon瞧不起/輕視，putupwith忍受/容忍，runoutof用完Springhascome.Wecan’t_____________theplan.Thetreesmustbeplantedthisweek.A.putoff B.makeup C.comeupwith D.lookup【答案】A【解析】由句意可知，春天來(lái)了，我們不能推遲計(jì)劃。這周必須把樹種好。putoff推遲；makeup編造；comeupwith跟上；lookup向上看。故選A。1．（2022·西藏·中考真題）You________betiredafterthewholeday’swork.A．must B．should C．can D．would2．（2022·四川四川·中考真題）—________Ihelpyou,sir?—Yes,I’dliketotryonthoseblackshoes.A．Will B．Should C．Must D．May3．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·中考真題）—Mum,whydowehavetowaitatthecrossingforsuchalongtime?—Foroursafety,we________betoocareful.A．mustn’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t4．（2022·山東青島·中考真題）—MayIgoboatingwithmyclassmatesthisweekend?—Ofcourse,butyou__________swimintheriver!A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．wouldn’t D．couldn’t5．（2022·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）—_______Iuseyourglue?I’mmakingakite.—Noproblem.Hereyouare.A．Should B．Need C．Must D．May6．（2022·江蘇淮安·中考真題）—MissLi.Idon’twanttosaysorrytoDaniel.—I’mafraidyou________.Afterall,youbrokehisglasses.A．may B．haveto C．mustn’t D．needn’t7．（2022·遼寧大連·中考真題）—Wilson,________youhelpmecarrytheboxupstairs?—Sure,noproblem.A．could B．need C．should D．might8．（2022·廣西玉林·中考真題）—Hey,whosebasketballdoyouthinkthisis?—It________belongtoLinda.Shelikesplayingbasketballbestinourclass.A．must B．can C．mustn’t D．can’t9．（2022·黑龍江牡丹江·中考真題）—Angel,IhavemovednearPeople’sPark.—Oh,it________beveryconvenient.Youcanexercisethereanytimenow.A．must B．might C．could10．（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題）—Idon’tcarewhatKatethinks.—Well,you_______.Hersuggestionsareofsomevalue.A．would B．should C．might D．could11．（2022·廣西柳州·中考真題）—Canyouplaytheguitar,Mark?—Yes,I________.A．can B．must C．will12．（2022·北京·中考真題）—_________Itakephotoshere?—Sorry,youcan’t.It’snotallowedinthemuseum.A．Must B．Need C．Can D．Will13．（2022·遼寧遼寧·中考真題）Thesoup________alittlesalty,thereisnoneedtoaddmoresalt.A．looks B．smells C．sounds D．tastes14．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古包頭·中考真題）—You________beexcited—youhaveticketsforyourfavouriteband!—Yes.It’sunbelievablethatIcanseethebandplaylive!A．need B．haveto C．must D．might15．（2022·貴州黔東南·中考真題）Inourschoollibrary,there_________anumberofbooksonart.Thenumberofthebooks_________stillgrowinglargerandlarger.A．is;is B．a(chǎn)re;is C．is;are D．a(chǎn)re;are16．（2022·海南·中考真題）—HowdoyoulikethiscupofXinglongCoffee?—It________reallygreat.I’dlikeanothercup.A．looks B．feels C．tastes17．（2022·湖北鄂州·中考真題）—Whoseisthistoytruck?—It_________belongtoDick.Hewastheonlylittlekidatthepicnic.A．can’t B．must C．could D．need18．（2022·河北·中考真題）—DoIhavetohandinmyreportnow?—Ofcourse,you________.We’regoingtodiscussit.A．can B．can’t C．must D．mustn’t19．（2022·湖北武漢·中考真題）DuringtheTangdynasty(唐朝),nearlyeverythingproducedintheworld________onthestreetsofChang’an.A．isfound B．hasbeenfound C．willbefound D．couldbefound20．（2022·江蘇揚(yáng)州·中考真題）Protectyourhearing.Don’twaituntilyou________hearathing.A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．can’t21．（2022·浙江·樂(lè)清市樂(lè)成實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)三模）—Istheladywaitingattheschoolgateyourmother,Alex?—No,it________beher.ShehasgonetoHainanonbusiness.A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t22．（2022·江蘇·無(wú)錫外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校二模）—Howisitgoinginyournewcompany?

—It________bebetter.I’malwaysinhighspiritsatwork.A．shouldn’t B．couldn’t C．mustn’t D．maynot23．（2022·福建·福州三牧中學(xué)一模）Hewasmade________theroomwithhisbrothersyesterdayeveningA．clean B．toclean C．cleaned24．（2022·遼寧撫順·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—Ididn’tenjoymyselfattheparty.Ijustfelt_________.—Well,maybethereweretoomanypeopleattheparty.A．leftout B．toleaveout C．leavingout D．beleftout25．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·包頭市第三十五中學(xué)三模）DragonBoatFestivalispopularinChina.Insteadofsaying“HappyDragonBoatFestival”,peopleshouldsay,“Stay________andsoundatDragonBoatFestival”.A．safer B．safely C．moresafely D．safe26．（2022·湖南·湘邵陽(yáng)縣第四中學(xué)一模）—HowdoyoulikeZhangJing’stranslationatthemeetingbetweenChinaandtheUS?—Wonderful!Itisworth________.A．listening B．listeningto C．tolistento27．（2022·江蘇江蘇·一模）Whichofthefollowingwordscanbefilledinthe____▲____tocompletethepoem?HelpinghandsNightisfalling,theskyisdark.Theonlysoundsaredogsthatbark.Wedrivealongthestreetsallnight.Tostopthievesandthosewho____▲____.It’sadangerousjobbutwe’rebrave.Wehelpkeepourcitysafe.A．save B．light C．rob D．fight28．（2022·安徽·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—Kevinfallsasleepinclasseverymorning.—He________beoutlateeverynightormaybeheworksatnight.A．can B．need C．must D．should29．（2022·重慶·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）ThereissomethingwrongwithmyDVDplayer.I’llhaveit________.A．fixing B．tofix C．fixes D．fixed30．（2022·遼寧大連·一模）—MustIfinishtheworktoday?—No,you________.Butyou________finishitbeforenextMonday.A．can’t,need B．mustn't;must C．mustn't;could D．needn't;must31．（2022·河北保定·二模）—Whoisthegirlsinginginthemusicroom?IsitMary?—No,it________beher.SheisnowonbusinessinShanghai.A．must B．can’t C．can D．mustn’t32．（2022·山東·平陰縣教育教學(xué)研究中心二模）—Listen!IsLilysingingintheclassroom?—No.It_____beLily.ShehasgonetoParis.A．maynot B．needn't C．can't D．won't33．（2022·江蘇·揚(yáng)州市翠崗中學(xué)二模）—Frank,look!Whoarethechildrenunderthetree___waitinginaline?—TheyarethestudentsfromNo.1PrimarySchool.A．thatare B．whereare C．whichis D．whois34．