初中英語介詞用法詳解與練習-共17

詞類、句子成分和構詞法：1、詞類：英語詞類分十種：名詞、形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、冠詞、動詞、副詞、介詞、連詞、感嘆詞。1、名詞（n.）：表示人、事物、地點或抽象概念的名稱。如：boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange.2、代詞（pron.）：主要用來代替名詞。如：who,she,you,it.3、形容詞（adj..）:表示人或事物的性質或特征。如：good,right,white,orange.4、數(shù)詞（num.）：表示數(shù)目或事物的順序。如：one,two,three,first,second,third,fourth.5、動詞（v.）：表示動作或狀態(tài)。如：am,is,are,have,see.6、副詞（adv.）：修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞，說明時間、地點、程度等。如：now,very,here,often,quietly,slowly.7、冠詞（art..）:用在名詞前，幫助說明名詞。如：a,an,the.8、介詞（prep.）:表示它后面的名詞或代詞與其他句子成分的關系。如in,on,from,above,behind.9、連詞（conj.）：用來連接詞、短語或句子。如and,but,before.10、感嘆詞（interj..）表示喜、怒、哀、樂等感情。如：oh,well,hi,hello.2、句子成分：英語句子成分分為七種：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語、賓語補足語。1、主語是句子所要說的人或事物，回答是“誰”或者“什么”。通常用名詞或代詞擔任。如：I'mMissGreen.（我是格林小姐）2、謂語動詞說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)，回答“做（什么）”。主要由動詞擔任。如：Jackcleanstheroomeveryday.杰克每天打掃房間）3、表語在系動詞之后，說明主語的身份或特征，回答是“什么”或者“怎么樣”。通常由名詞、代詞或形容詞擔任。如：MynameisPingping.我的名字叫萍萍）4、賓語表示及物動詞的對象或結果，回答做的是“什么”。通常由名詞或代詞擔任。如：Hecanspelltheword.他能拼這個詞）有些及物動詞帶有兩個賓語，一個指物，一個指人。指物的叫直接賓語，指人的叫間接賓語。問接賓語一般放在直接賓語的前面。如：Hewrotemealetter.（他給我寫了一封信）有時可把介詞to或for加在間接賓語前構成短語，放在直接賓語后面，來強調間接賓語。如：Hewrotealettertome.他給我寫了一封信）5、定語修飾名詞或代詞，通常由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等擔任。如：Shanghaiisabigcity.（h海是個大城市）6、狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，通常由副詞擔任。如：Heworkshard.他工作努力）7、賓語補足語用來說明賓語怎么樣或干什么，通常由形容詞或動詞充當。如：Theyusuallykeeptheirclassroomclean他們通常讓教室保持清潔）/Heoftenhelpsmedomylessons.他常常幫我做功課）/TheteacherwantedmetolearnFrenchallbymyself.（老師要我自學法語）☆同位語通常緊跟在名詞、代詞后面，進一步說明它的情況。如：WhereisyourclassmateTom的的同學湯姆在哪里？）3、構詞法：英語構詞法主要有：合成法、派生法和轉換法。1、合成法：如：spaceship,headache,basketball,playground等。2、派生法：（1）派生名詞：①動詞+er/or②動詞+ing③動詞+⑴ion④形容詞+ness⑤具他，如：inventor,learner,swimming,congratulation,kindness,carelessness,knowledge（2）派生形容詞：①名詞+y②名詞+ful③動詞+ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥Chinese;Japanese?English⑧French?German⑩國名+（i）an如：snowy,sunny,hopeful,beautiful,interesting,follwing,daily（每日的）,nervous,delicious（3）派生副詞：①形容詞+ly②其它，如：slowly,angrily,full-fully,good-well,possible-^possibly等等。3、轉換法：（1）形容詞—動詞，如：dry（干燥的）-dry（弄干），clean（干凈的）fclean（打掃，弄干凈），等等。（2）動詞—名詞，如：look,walk,rest,work,study,swim,go,talk等等。（3）名詞-動詞，如：handb）-（傳遞）,faced^）f（面對）等等。（4）形容詞-副詞，如：early-early,fasCfast等等。（5）副詞—連詞，如：when（什么時候）—（當時候），等等。（6）介詞-副詞，如：in（到……里）-（在里面；在家）,on（在?…上尸（進行，繼續(xù)），箋箋專專初中英語介詞定義：介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞，詞與句之間的關系的詞。在句中不能單獨作句字成分。介詞后面一般有名詞代詞或相當于名詞的其他詞類，短語或從句作它的賓語。介詞和它的賓語構成介詞詞組，在句中作狀語，表語，補語或介詞賓語?！?、表示時間的介詞：1、in,on,at在時in表示較長時間，如世紀、朝代、時代、年、季節(jié)、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。如inthe20thcentury,inthe1950s,in1989,insummer,inJanuary,inthemorning,inthenight,inone'slife,inone等。'sthirtieson表示具體某一天及其早、中、晚。如onMay1st,onMonday,onNewYear'sDay,onacoldnightinJanuary,onafinemorning,onSundayafternoon等。at表示某一時刻或較短暫的時間，或泛指圣誕節(jié)，復活節(jié)等。如at3:20,atthistimeofyear,atthebeginningof,attheendof…，attheageof…，atChristmas,atnight,atnoon,atthismoment^。注意：在last,next,this,that,some,every等詞之前一律不用介詞。如：Wemeeteveryday.“at時間點，有on必有天，in指月季年，也和色相連”就是說，有具體的時間點的時候用at,具體那一天用on,說到月份，季節(jié)，年份，就用in；而且說誰穿了什么顏色的衣服的時候，也是用in……（color）at用于某一具體時刻或重大節(jié)日之前

在初中階段常見的固定短語inEnglish用英語在初中階段常見的固定短語inEnglish用英語兒、不久inahurry匆匆忙忙細地inaword一句話怎樣intheend最后infact事實上面insomeways在某些方面inaminute一會兒、立亥Uindanger在危險中inall總共inspiteof盡管ingoodhealth身體健康的incommon共同的inashortwhile一會infull全部地、詳ineverycase不管inperson親自infrontof在前inpublic當眾2、before、afterbefore表示“在某時刻或某件事之前"，after用在時刻或某件事之后3、by、until>tillby表示“在……之前，到……為止”till與until都有“直到……”或"直到……為止”之意，till多用于口語，且不能放在旬首，till和until用于肯定何時，主句中動詞的動作一致延續(xù)到till或until后的時間為止；till和until用于否定何時，主句中的動詞是瞬間動作，它的動作要到till或until后的時間才發(fā)生。①HecannotbebackJanuary.到一月份他才回來。(till/until)②Wewaited10oclocklastnight.昨晚我們一直等至U10點鐘。(till/until)4.in,after兩者都有“在一段時間之后”之意，但“in+時間段”表示時間從現(xiàn)在算起，常用語將來時態(tài)；而“after+時間段/時間點”表示的時間從過去算起，多用于過去式。Eg：Iwillfinishtheworktwohours.兩個小時后我將完成這項工作。Hereturnedhishometownhalfanyear).年后他返回了他的故鄉(xiāng)?！究碱}再現(xiàn)】Nohurry.Thebuswillarrivetenminutes.A.atB.forC.inD.by【解析】在將來時中，in用在一段時間之前，表示在一段時間之后。故選C※二、表示地點的介詞：表示方位的介詞：in、on、to1In表小“在…內”，on表小“與…相鄰”，to表小“在…之外，又不相鄰”①AisinthenortheastofB②AisonthewestofB③BistotheeastofA.2、表示“在?…之上或之下”的介詞above,over,on在上above指在上方，不強調是否垂直，與below相對；over指垂直的上方，與under相對，但over與物體有一定的空間，不直接接觸。on表示某物體上面并與之接觸。Thebirdisflyingabovemyhead.Thereisabridgeovertheriver.Heputhiswatchonthedesk.below,under在下面under表示在?…正下方below表示在下，不一定在正下方3、表示在某地的介詞：at、in、onat-表示較小的地點，in一表示較大的地方，on—表示在一個平面上。4、表示“前、后”的介詞⑴infrontof,inthefrontof,before表示“在…之前”infrontof=before表示“在某一范圍之外的前面”inthefrontof表示“在某一范圍之內的前部”⑵atthebackof,behind,after三者均有“在…之后”之意，atthebackof是inthefrontof的反義詞，表示“在某一范圍之內的后部"，behind是infrontof的反義詞，表示“在某一范圍之外的后面”，After可與behind互換，也可以用于表示運動的詞詞后面。5、表示“里外”的介詞⑴in表示“在…內”,有靜止之意，inside表示“在?一里面”、“到?…里面”，強調“以?…為界”之意，into表示動作的方向,意為“到…內”。⑵outside是inside的反義詞，表示“在…外面”，outof是into的反義詞，表示“到?…外”。6.from,to,for,into,outof1）from從???..ThetrainstartedfromParis.ShewillflyfromBeijingtoHK.2）to至卜?.（目的地）去，向…..HewenttoGuangzhoulastyear.Theygottothetownverylate.3）for向???..,表目的方向HeleftforTianjinonbusinessyesterday.ThetrainforShanghaihasbeenaway.Towards,to和for都可表示方向，其區(qū)別如下：Towards僅指朝向某個方向，不一定是目的地，而to和for都是“向目的地”。For作“向（目的地）時，常用于固定搭配中，如：leavefor,startfor4)into進入Pleaseputthewaterintothebottle.Theteachercameintotheclassroom.5)outof從???..出來Agirlinredwentoutoftheshop.Theypulledhimoutofthewater.※三、其他介詞1、表示材料與手段的介詞：with,by,in⑴with表示“用某種工具"。如：Hebrokethewindowwithastone.他用石頭把玻璃砸壞了。注意：with表示用某種工具時，必須用冠詞或物主代詞。⑵by指“靠?一手段”，“用?一方法”，“憑借?…動作”，所表示的方法、手段、途徑比較抽象，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞，也可和bus、plane、bike等表示交通手段的名詞連用。⑶in表示“所用材料以及所用的語言、聲音、衣飾等”2、of,from,aboutOf表示“屬于?…的”，表示數(shù)量或種類；from表示“是哪里人”以及時間或時間的起點來自；about”關于???”、”大約、左右”等。X四、幾個已混介詞的用法辨析1)表示“在……之間”的介詞：between,amongbetween指在兩個人或兩個事物之間；among指在三個或三個以上的人或事物之間。2)by,with,in表示方法、手段、工具by以……方法、手段或泛指某種交通工具；with表示用…工具、手段，一般接具體的工具和手段；in表示用?…方式，用?…語言(語調、筆墨、顏色)等；Hemakesalivingbysellingnewspapers.Hebrokethewindowwithastone.TheforeignerspoketousinEnglish.※五、含有介詞的固定搭配1、介詞與動詞dowellin在某方回做的好dowith處置agreewithsb.同意杲人beginwith以?一開始laughat嘲笑helpwith在?一方面幫助leavefor動身去某地catchupwith趕上geton/alongwith與…相處arrivein/at到達makefriendwith與…交朋友takecareof照顧、照料

lookat看listento聽hearfrom聽說lookfor尋找turnon/off打開/關上sendfor派人去請lookafter照看、照料puton穿上payfor為?一付錢Lookover檢查dependon枷靠依依waitfor等候fillwith充滿askfor要，要求2、介詞和形容詞的固定搭配besatisfiedwithsb.begood/badfor對某人感到滿意對…啟益/有害beweakinbelatefor在某方面差遲到bepleasedwithsb.對某人感到滿意bebusywith忙于beangryatsth.因?一而生氣bemadeof由…制成beangryatsb.生某人的氣begoodat在…方面做的好befullof充滿bedifferentfrom與?一不同bestrictwithsb.對某人要求嚴格bestrictinsth.對某事要求嚴格beproudof以?一為榮3、介詞與名詞搭配intime及時atwork在工作ontime［按時infact事實上athome;在家atonce馬上atnight晚上introuble處于困境onfoot步行onduty值日「inahurry匆忙inthesun在陽光下1()1ChildrengetgiftsChristmasandtheirbirthdays.A.on;onB.at;onC.in;inD.in;on()2-Thereisnothingtomorrowafternoon,isthere?-No.Wecanhaveagameoftabletennis.A.onB.inC.outD.up()3AlotofstudentsinourschoolwerebornMarch,1981.A.inB.atC.onD.since()4Timsuddenlyreturnedarainynight.A.onB.atC.inD.during()5MygrandfatherwasbornOct.10,1935.A.onB.inC.atD.of()6Thetrainisstartingfiveminutes.A.inB.atC.forD.still()7Mikedoeshisexercisesseventheevening.A.on;toB.at;inC.by;ofD.at;on()1Thepopulationoftheworldhasgrownveryfastfourhundredyears.A.forpasttheB.inthepassC.inthepastD.forpast()2Wereturnedtoourhometown.A.nextweekB.inthelastweekC.lastweekD.foraweek()3Greatchangeshavetakenplace.A.inthelastfewyearB.inthelastfewyearsC.lastyearD.onthelastyear3()1ChildrenwakeupveryearlythemorningofChristmasDay.A.inB.onC.forD.at()2acoldwintermorning,Imetheratthebusstop.A.InB.OnC.AtDFor()3Ithappenedtobeverycoldthemorningofoursportsmeet.A.atB.onC.withD.of()4Whydidyougetupsoearlythismorning.A.onB./C.atD.in4—()1HewenttoShanghaiSeptember3,1991andcamebackacoldmorninglastyear.A.in;onB.on;inC.on;onD.in;in()2LucywasbornthenightofMay12,1984A.onB.inC.atD.to()3MrsBrowncametoChina2019.A.onB.ofC.to,D.in()4themorningofNovember20,1915,theworkerscametoChicagotoshowtheirmourningJoeHill.A.On;toB.In;of.C.On;for,D.At;for()5AnnmovedHangzhouSeptember,1992./;iniB.to;inC.to;onD,in;in()6Theystartedoffanautumnafternoon.A.duringB.atC.inD.on5-()1Heoftengoesschoolsixthirtythemorning.A.for;to;inB.to;atinC.to;for;atD,for;at;to()2HearrivedShanghai9:30March5.fA.at;in;atB.to;on;atC.in;on;atD.in;at;on()3TheEnglishteachertoldmetogettherehalfpastten.A:inB.atC.onD.Of()4Thechildrengetup6o'clock.A.atB.onC.duringD.in6-()1Thedoctorworkedfivehoursarest.A.for;withB.on;withoutC.about;havingD.for;without()2IworkedontheproblemalongtimeandIworkeditoutmyselflast.A.for;by;atB.in;with;onC.on;by;inD.for;for;atthe()3Anewfactorywillbesetup:ayear.A.forB.inC.afterD.on()4Twoyearshebegantowriteanotherstory-book.A.afterB.later;C.inD.late()5Wewillfinishthepictureaday.A.inB.onC.afterD.on()6Theworkershadbeenstrikealmostamonth.A.on;inB.at;inC.on;forD.on;during()7MrBrownhadlainthegroundfourhoursbeforetheyfinallyfoundhim.A.on;forB.at;inC.on;afterD.in;during7()1Theteacheriscomingbackanhour.A.afterB.forC.inD.before()2Shelivedinthemountainvillagetheyears1940-1950.A.betweenB.duringC.inD.since()3MissWangwillcometoBeijingtwodays.A.afterB.inC.onD.before()4TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwontheend.A.byB.atC.inD.on8()7MaryhadfinishedherhomeworkthetimeIgothome.A.untilB.byC.atD.when()2Westayedatthelabourteacherreturned.A.tillB.byC.duringD.while()3Theydidn'tleavethestationtheygetonthetrain.A.untilB.byC.afteryD.at9Don'tworry.Hewillreturn.A.beforelongB.longbeforeC.longlongagoD.longagoTherelivedanoldman,fishingatsea.A.longbeforeB.beforelongC.longtimeagoD.soonItwasnottheycameback.A.longbeforeB.beforelongC.longtimebeforeD.longafterIwastoldthathisunclehadgonetoFrance.longbefore-B.shortlyafterC.beforelongD.longago10()1Tomgetsupatfiveinthemorning.A.SometimeB.SometimesC.SometimeD.Sometimes()2Irememberwemeteachotherlastyear.A.Sometime'B.sometimesC.sometimeD.sometimes()3MaryandIhavebeentotheGreatWall,.A.sometimeB.sometimeC.sometimesD.sometimes()4HestudiedEnglishforinLondon,andthenhewenttoAmerica.A.sometimesB.sometimenewsometimeB.sometimes11()1Idon'tliketositTom'sright.Iwouldliketositthebackrow.A.on;inB.in;onC.on;atD.at;on()2Thereisabrookredflowersandgreengrassbothsides.A.ofwithB.with;onC.of;atD.with;in()3Therearemanytreesoftheroad!AndofthetreesisgrowinglargerandlargerA.onbothside;anumberB.oneachsides;anumberonbothsides;thenumberD.oneveryside;thenumber12()1Theplaneisflying.A.intheskyB.in.theairC.inspaceD.insky()2Thereisasweetsmell.A.intheairB.intheopenairC.intheskyD.inthespace()3Weheldaninterestingparty.A.intheairB.intheskyC.intheopenairD.inspace()4Seenfrom,theearthappearstobeabigblueball.A.thespaceB.spaceC.aspaceD.thisspace13()1TomsitstheclassroomwhileJohnsitstheroom.A.infrontof;atbackofB.inthefrontof;atthebackofC.infrontof;atthebackofD.inthefrontof;atbackof()2Lucysitsthethirdrow,Jim'sleft.A.on;onB.in;atC.at;inD.in;on()3JiangsuistheeastofChina,butJapanistheeastofChina.A.to;inB.in;to.C.on;toD.to;on14()1.-CanIlookupawordyourdictionary?」haven'tgotme.A.into;aboutB.in;withC.at;inD.on;on()21likemooncakesmeatthem.A.in;onB.with;onC.in;theD.with;in()3Whenyouaretroublepleaseaskhelpus.A.in;fromB.in;forC.on;fromD.on;of()4Theshopkeepersaidtheyhadsoldouttheshoesyoursize.A.aboutB.inC.toD.of()5Isawhimhurryatthemoment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;over,aboveIgotoschool7:30everymorning.(in,on,at)Hewouldliketomeether8:00and9:00tomorrowmorning.(between,among)TheGreenshavelivedinChinathreeyears(in,for,after)WegotoschooleverydaySaturdayandSundayexcept,besidesHewrotetheletterink.(by,with,in)Shereturnedtohercountryfiveyears.(in,after,for)Thereisabigtreeourclassroom(after,behind)Iusuallygotoworkbike.(by,on,with)1.1-7BAAAAAB2.1-3CCB3.1-4BBBB4.1-6CADBAD5.1-4BDBA6.1-7BABBACA7.1-4CBBC8.1-3BAA9.1-4AAAA10.1-4BADC11.1-3ABC12.1-4AACB13.1-3BDB14.1-5BDABA15.1-4CDAB16.1-4AAAB17.1-4CBBD18.1-4BBBB19.1-4ABBB20.1-5AADCD21.1-5DCCA22.1-7BADBCAA23.1-3DCC24.1-6CABCAD25.1-6DCAAAB26.1-6AADBBD27.1-3CAA28.1-4BCCB29.1-6BCACAC強化復習ChildrengetgiftsChristmasandtheirbirthdays.A.on;onB.at;onC.in;inD.in;on-Thereisnothingtomorrowafternoon,isthere?-No.Wecanhaveagameoftabletennis.A.onB.inC.outD.upAlotofstudentsinourschoolwerebornMarch,1981.A.inB.atC.onD.sincetiesuddenlyreturnedarainynight.A.onB.atC.inD.duringMygrandfatherwasbornOct.10,1935.A.onB.inC.atD.ofThetrainisstartingfiveminutes.A.inB.atC.forD.stillMikedoeshisexercisesseventheevening.A.on;toB.at;inC.by;ofD.at;on2Thepopulationoftheworldhasgrownveryfastfourhundredyears.A.forpasttheB.inthepassC.inthepastD.forpast2Wereturnedtoourhometown.A.nextweekB.inthelastweekC.lastweekD.foraweek3Greatchangeshavetakenplace.A.inthelastfewyearB.inthelastfewyearsC.lastyearD.onthelastyear3ChildrenwakeupveryearlythemorningofChristmasDay.A.inB.onC.forD.atacoldwintermorning,Imetherinthestreet.A.InB.OnC.AtD.ForIthappenedtobeverycoldthemorningofoursportsmeet.A.atB.onC.withD.ofWhydidyougetupsoearlythismorning.A.onB./C.atD.in4HewenttoShanghaiSeptember3,1991andcamebackacoldmorninglastyear.A.in;onB.on;inC.on;onD.in;inLucywasbornthenightofMay12,1984.A.onB.inC.atD.toMrs.BrowncametoChina2019.A.onB.ofC.to,D.inthemorningo