考研真題歷年英語二閱讀

考研真題歷年英語二閱讀考研真題歷年英語二閱讀1Text4Manypeopletalkedofthe288,000newjobstheLaborDepartmentreporledforJure,alongwiththedropintheunemploymenttaketo6Jpercent,atgoodnews.Andtheywereright.Fornowitappearstheeconomyiscreatingjobsatadecentpace.Westillhavealongwaytogotogetbacktofullemployment,butatleastwearenowfinallymovingforwardatafasterpace.Howeverthereisanotherimportantpartofthejobspicturethatwastargelyovedookcd.Therewasabigjumpinthenumberofpeoplewhoreportvoluntarilyworkingpart-time.Thisfigureisnow830,000(4,4percent)aboveitsyearagolevel.BeforeexplainingtheconnectiontotheObamacare,itisworthmakinganimportantdistinction.Manypeoplewhoworkpart-timejobsactuallywantfulltimejobs.Theytakepart-timeworkbecausethisisalltheycanget.Anincreaseininvoluntaryparttimeworkisevidenceofweaknessinthelabormarketanditmeansthatmanypeoplewillbehavingaveryhardtimemakingendsmeet.Therewasanincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeinJune,butthegeneraldirectionhasbeendown.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentisstillfarhigherthanbeforetherecession,butitisdownby640,000(7.9percent)fromitsyearagolevel.Weknowthedifferencebetweenvoluntaryandinvoluntarypart-timeemploymentbecausepeopletellus.ThesurveyusedbytheLaborDepartmentaskspeopleiftheyworkedlessthan35hoursinthereferenceweek.Iftheansweris*'yes."theyareclassifiedasworkingpart-time.Thesurveythenaskswhethertheyworkedlessthan35hoursinthatweekbecausetheywantedtoworklessthanfulltimeorbecausetheyhadnochoice.Theyareonlyclassifiedasvoluntarypart-timeworkersiftheytellthesurveytakertheychosetoworklessthan35hoursaweek.Theissueofvoluntarypart-timerelatestoObamacarebecanseoneofthemainpurposeswastoallowpeopletogetinsuranceoutsideofemployment.Formanypeople,especiallythosewithserioushealthconditionsorfamilymemberswithserioushealthconditions,beforeObamacaretheonlywaytogetinsurancewasthroughajobthatprovidedhealthinsurance.However,Obamacarehasallowedmorethan12millionpeopletoeithergetinsurancethroughMedicaidortheexchanges.Thesearepeoplewhomaypreviouslyhavefelttheneedtogetafull-timejobthatprovidedinsuranceinordertocoverthemselvesandtheirfamilies.WithObamacarethereisnolongeralinkbetweenemploymentandinsurance.Whichpartofthejobspicturewasneglected?Theprospectofathrivingjobmarket.Theincreaseofvoluntarypart-timejobs.Thepossibilityoffullemployment.Theaccelerationofjobcreation.Manypeopleworkpart-timebecausetheypreferpart-timejobstofull-timejobsfeelthatisenoughtomakeendsmeetcannotgettheirhandsonfull-timejobshaven'tseentheweaknessofthemarketInvoluntarypart-timeemploymentintheUSishardertoacquirethanoneyearagoshowsageneraltendencyofdeclinesatisfiestherealneedofthejoblessislowerthanbeforetherecessionItcanbelearnedthatwithObamacare,.itisnolongereasyforpart-timerstogetinsuranceemploymentisnolongerapreconditiontogetinsuranceitisstillchallengingtogetinsuranceforfamilymembersfull-timeemploymentisstillessentialforinsuranceThetextmainlydiscusses.employmentintheUSpart-timerclassificationinsurancethroughMedicaidObamacare*strouble考研真題歷年英語二閱讀2Text4Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.Whyisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatmunieatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.Theprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Themunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbeweleintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting?4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein20XX,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalition'sspendingplansifreturnstopower.Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.Theauthorbelievesthatthehousingsector_hasattractedmuchattentioninvolvescertainpoliticalfactorsshoulderstoomuchresponsibilityhaslostitsrealvalueineconomyItcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas_increaseditshomesupplyofferedspendingopportunitiessufferedgovernmentbiasesdisappointedthegovernmentAccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay.allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousingstoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomespreparetoreducehousingstockdebtreleasealiftedGDPgrowthforecastItcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould.[A]lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders[B]lessentheimpactofgovernmentinterference[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopments[D]relievetheministersofresponsibilitiesTheauthorbelievesthatafter20XX,thegovernmentmay.[A]implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing[B]reviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants[C]renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme[D]stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector考研真題歷年英語二閱讀3Text4Europeisnotagender-equalityheaven.Inparticular,thecorporateworkplacewillneverbepletelyfamily-friendlyuntilwomenarepartofseniormanagementdecisions,andEurope,stopcorporate-governancepositionsremainoverwhelminglymale.indeed,womenholdonly14percentofpositionsonEuropecorporateboards.TheEuropeUnionisnowconsideringlegislationtopelcorporateboardstomaintainacertainproportionofwomen-upto60percent.Thisproposedmandatewasbornoffrustration.Lastyear,EuropeCommissionVicePresidentVivianeRedingissuedacalltovoluntaryaction.Redinginvitedcorporationstosignupforgenderbalancegoalof40percentfemaleboardmembership.Butherappealwasconsideredafailure：only24paniestookitup.DoweneedquotastoensurethatwomencancontinuetoclimbthecorporateLadderfairyastheybalanceworkandfamily?Personally,Idon'tlikequotas,“Redingsaidrecently."Butilikewhatthequotasdo."Quotasgetaction：they“openthewaytoequalityandtheybreakthroughtheglassceiling,naccordingtoReding,aresultseeninFranceandothercountrieswithlegallybindingprovisionsonplacingwomenintopbusinesspositions.IunderstandReding'sreluctance-andherfrustration.Idon'tlikequotaseither；theyruncountertomybeliefinmeritocracy,governmentbythecapable.Bur,whenoneconsiderstheobstaclestoachievingthemeritocraticideal,itdoeslookasifafairerworldmustbetemporarilyordered.Afterall,fourdecadesofevidencehasnowshownthatcorporationsinEuropeastheUSareevadingthemeritocratichiringandpromotionofwomentotopposition-nomatterhowmuch“softpressure”isputuponthem.Whenwomendobreakthroughtothesummitofcorporatepower一as,forexample,SherylSandbergrecentlydidatFacebook■—theyattractmassiveattentionpreciselybecausetheyremaintheexceptiontotherule.Ifappropriatepubicpolicieswereinplacetohelpallwomen—whetherCEOsortheirchildren,scaregivers-andallfamilies,Sandbergwouldbenomorenewsworthythananyotherhighlycapablepersonlivinginamorejustsociety.IntheEuropeancorporateworkplace,generally.womentaketheleadmenhavethefinalsaycorporategovernanceisoverwhelmedseniormanagementisfamily-friendlyTheEuropeanUnion'sintendedlegislationisareflectionofgenderbalanceareluctantchoicearesponsetoReding'scallavoluntaryactionAccordingtiReding,quotasmayhelpwomengettopbusinesspositionsseethroughtheglassceilingbalanceworkandfamilyanticipatelegalresultsTheauthor'sattitudetowardReding,sappealisoneof.skepticismobjectivenessindifferenceapprovalWomenenteringtopmanagementbeeheadlinesduetothelackof.moresocialjusticemassivemediaattentionsuitablepublicpoliciesgreater“softpressurew考研真題歷年英語二閱讀4Text4It'snosurprisethatJenniferSenior,sinsightful,provocativemagazinecoverstory,"IloveMyChildren,IHateMyLife,“isarousingmuchchatter-nothinggetspeopletalkinglikethesuggestionthatchildrearingisanythinglessthanapletelyfulfilling,life-enrichingexperience.Ratherthanconcludingthatchildrenmakeparentseitherhappyormiserable,Seniorsuggestsweneedtoredefinehappiness：insteadofthinkingofitassomethingthatcanbemeasuredbymoment-to-momentjoy,weshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tensecondition.Eventhoughtheday-to-dayexperienceofraisingkidscanbesoul-crushinglyhard,Seniorwritesthat“theverythingsthatinthemomentdampenourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintensegratificationanddelight.”ThemagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonna-and-childimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive-andnewlysingle-momSandraBullock,aswellastheusualaJenniferAnistonispregnantwnews.Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymom,ormom-to-be,smilingonthenewsstands.Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreation,isitanywonderthatadmittingyouregrethavingchildrenisequivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killing?Itdoesn'tseemquitefair,then,toparetheregretsofparentstotheregretsofthechildren.Unhappyparentsrarelyareprovokedtowonderiftheyshouldn'thavehadkids,butunhappychildlessfolksarebotheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld：obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthegapingbaby-sizeholesintheirlives.Ofcourse,theimageofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUsWeeklyandPeoplepresentishugelyunrealistic,especiallywhentheparentsaresinglemotherslikeBullock.Accordingtoseveralstudiesconcludingthatparentsarelesshappythanchildlesscouples,singleparentsaretheleasthappyofall.Noshockthere,consideringhowmuchworkitistoraiseakidwithoutapartnertoleanon；yettohearSandraandBritneytellit,raisingakidontheir“own”(read：withround-the-c1ockhelp)isapieceofcake.It'shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumbenoughtowantchildrenjustbecauseReeseandAngelinamakeitlooksoglamorous：mostadultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.Butit'sinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekofstress-free