定語(yǔ)從句技巧 講義 高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)：給…….下定義，起到限制，確定和修飾的作用中式思維：無(wú)論定語(yǔ)多長(zhǎng)，都在前面英式思維：簡(jiǎn)短定語(yǔ)在前，復(fù)雜定語(yǔ)在后一個(gè)女孩一個(gè)漂亮的女孩我們班的一個(gè)漂亮的女孩有一個(gè)漂亮花園的大房子AgirlAbeautifulgirlAbeautifulgirlinourmyclassAbighousewithabeautifulgarden定語(yǔ)從句：用一個(gè)句子作定語(yǔ)，位于被修飾詞后面我喜歡我爸爸給我買的禮物Ilikethepresentthatmyfatherboughtforme.（定語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)先行詞thepresent進(jìn)行限制，確定和修飾）拆分句子：Ilikethepresent.（主句）Myfatherboughtthepresentforme.（thepresent在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）先行詞：thepresent,被修飾的詞，位于定語(yǔ)從句前引導(dǎo)詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句代替先行詞并充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中的某一成分引導(dǎo)詞：關(guān)系代詞（代替先行詞，在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)）：that,who,whom,whose,which,as關(guān)系副詞（代替先行詞，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)）：when（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)），where（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)），why（原因狀語(yǔ)）關(guān)系代詞：代替先行詞，在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)That（人/物）IknowthewriterthatisfromAmerica.(主語(yǔ))ThisisthepenthatIbought.（賓語(yǔ)）Who(人)Sheisthegirlwholivesnextdoor.（主語(yǔ)）Whom（人）只能作賓語(yǔ)Iknowtheteacherwhomyouwerespeakingto.(賓語(yǔ))Iknowthepersonwhomyouweretalkingabout.（賓語(yǔ)）Whose(人/物)只能作定語(yǔ)Thisisthegirlwhosefatherisadoctor.Whose=thegirl’s（定語(yǔ)）Ihaveabighousewhosegardenisbeautiful.Whose=thehouse’s（定語(yǔ)）Which(物)ThisistheipadwhichIboughtyesterday.As(人/物)Heisnotthesamemanashewas.(表語(yǔ))Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpected.（賓語(yǔ)）關(guān)系副詞：代替先行詞，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)When(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstmetyou.When=onwhich:IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstmetyou.Where(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))Canyoutellmetheofficewheresheworks?Where=inwhich:Canyoutellmetheofficeinwhichsheworks?Why(原因狀語(yǔ))Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslate?Why=forwhich：Doyouknowthereasonforwhichhewaslate?限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞限制，確定和修飾，沒有，隔開Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞指代先行詞/主句整件時(shí)間對(duì)先行詞補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞前有，隔開不能用that引導(dǎo)Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,isbecominghomenextweek.Hepassedtheexam,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.注意：That只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)可以省略，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中不能省略Thisistheteacher(that/who/whom/省略)wetalkaboutyesterday.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson,towhomshecouldturnforhelp.關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，當(dāng)介詞在關(guān)系代詞前，即“介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)”，關(guān)系代詞指人用whom，指物用which當(dāng)介詞位于從句后，指物可用that,which,指人用that/who/whom,并可以省略ThisisthewritertowhomIspokeyesterday.(介詞位于從句之前)Thisistheherothat/who/whom/省略weareproudof.(介詞位于從句后面)（4）限制性定語(yǔ)從句只用that,不用which的情況先行詞為不定代詞：all，everything，none，nothingDoyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?先行詞被theonly,thevery,theright,thelast,thesame及不定代詞修飾時(shí)Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousometime.先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)Thisisthebestwaythathasbeenusedtoagainstpollution.先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)ThetrainisthefirstthatwillgotoHaikoutomorrow.先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?主句以who開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句Whowasthemanthatyoudancedwithlastnight?（5）當(dāng)先行詞指事/物時(shí)，只用which，不用that的情況在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)：ThisisthehouseinwhichLuxunoncelived.先行詞后有插入語(yǔ)：Hereisthebook,which,asItoldyou,canhelpyou.先行詞本身為that:What’sthatwhichflashedthroughtheskyjustnow.(6)as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常用于：thesame……..asSuch……..as;so……….asAs引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，既可以在主句前，也可以在主句后，用來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子，常見結(jié)構(gòu)：Asisknowntoall/asweallknowAsissaid/asisreported/assbexpected/asisoftenthecase(7)當(dāng)先行詞為situation，stage,case,point,race等，且關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，用where引導(dǎo)。Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatefromeachother.(8)thesame…….as…,側(cè)重相似性，如同…..一樣Thesame…….that,往往為同一對(duì)象（人/物）Heisn’tthesamemanasheusedtobe.Iwantthesamedictionarythatwasusedyesterday.定語(yǔ)從句課后練習(xí)：一．填上恰當(dāng)?shù)囊龑?dǎo)詞1.Ilivenextdoortoacouplechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.2.ScottwasamazedbytheGreatWall,_______hedescribedasthegreatestattractioninBeijing.3.Atthefootofthemountainisawell-preservedvillage______youcanexperiencethetraditionallifestyle.4.Findingatime______suitseveryoneisgoingtobedifficult.5.Theywillrunanafter-classclub__________kidscanhavefunandlearnhowtoprotectthemselves.6.Someirresponsiblewebsitesallowedrestaurantstopostfalsepictures________couldmisleadcustomers.7.Theman______facewassunburntsavedthegirlfromfallingintotheriver.8.Henryhopestofindajobupongraduation______hismanagementskillscanbeputtogooduse.9.Anewsolarpoweredbus,________looksjustlikeanordinarypublicbus,hittheroadofLhasainNovember2015.10.MyteacherhelpedmealotwithmyEnglishlastterm,_______mademymothermoved.11.Thehouse______Iliveinisverysmall.12.Lastsummerwesawaverygoodfilm,____wasabouttheAnti-Japanesewar.13.Sometimeswehavetofaceembarrassingmoments_______wecanonlykeepsilent.14.Itissaidthatamostpopularemoji(expressionofemotionontheInternet)isthe“facewiththerollingeyes”,______isusedin14percentoftextmessages.15.ShereadapoembyCarver_____ describeshislifeinthecountryside.16.TheCentrebecameaplace_____ manypeoplecametotalkabouttheirhopesandfears.17.You

must

learn

to

read

people,

______

will

be

necessary

if

you

work

in

a

team.18.Aspecialcomputerhasbeendesignedforthose________can’tsee.19.Itwasanexcitingmomentforus,________ourbasketballteamwonthechampionforthefirsttime.20.Zika,themosquito-bornedisease,takesitsnamefromtheforest_______theviruswasfirstfound.21.IdecidedtogotoShanghaiforavisitnextterm,_______mygrandmotherwasborn.22.1.Theman_____livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.23.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.24.Pleaseshowmethebook_____youboughtyesterday.25.Theonlylanguage_____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.26.Thegirl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.27.The

exact

year

Angela

and

her

family

spent

together

in

China

was

2008.

28.I

borrow

the

book

Sherlock

Holmes

from

the

library

last

week,

______

my

classmates

recommended

to

me.29.Thisisthemostinterestingstory_______Ihaveeverheard.30.Thechildrenlikethesecondlesson_______isabout“TheFootballMatch”.31.Itistheonlyword______Iknowinthepassage.32.Whereistheverybook_______Iboughtjustnow?33.Thisisthe(same)bicycle_______Ilost.34.Iwanteverything_______Iwant.35.Iamwritingtotellyouaboutsomethingverystrange______happenedtomelastweek.36.Icanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures________Iseeintheroom.37.Whoisthegirl_______wonthefirstplace?38.A

company

______profits

from

home

markets

are

declining

may

seek

opportunities

abroad.

39.I

am

looking

forward

to

the

day

______my

daughter

can

read

this

book

and

know

my

feelings

for

her.

40.Students

should

involve

themselves

in

community

activities

___

they

can

gain

experience

for

growth.

參考答案：WhoseWhichWhereThatWhereThatWhoseWhereWhichWhichThatwhichWhenWhichThatWhereWhichWhoWhenWhereWhereWhoThatThatThatThatWhichWhichThatThatThatThatThatThatThatThatThatWhoseWhenwhere二、用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空：1.Theplace________interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.2.Thisisthehotel________theystayedatlastmonth.3.Thisisthehotel_______theystayedlastmonth.4.Thatistheboy________theyarelookingfor.5.Heisn'tsuchaman_________heusedtobe. 6.Doyouknowthereason________hedidn’tgotowork?7.Thefactory_________we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______havebeenshownthisyear.9.Istillremembertheday_________shefirstworethatpinkdress.10.Iwanttousethesamedictionary_________wasusedyesterday.11.Ifellmostangryabouttheway________I’vebeentreated.12.Hestillrememberedtheplacesandpersons______hevisitedthere.13.1949wastheyear_________NewChinawasfounded.14.Noonewantsthehouse_________roofhasfallendown.15.Weliveinanage_________technologydevelopsveryfast.16.Heistheonlystudent________getsfullmarks.17.Those________havedonethejobsignonthepaper.18.I’llrememberthetime_________wespenttogetherinthec