2012屆高考英語(yǔ)專題經(jīng)典復(fù)習(xí) 能力培養(yǎng)系列（十八）

PAGE6-用心愛(ài)心專心2012屆高考英語(yǔ)專題經(jīng)典復(fù)習(xí)能力培養(yǎng)系列（十八）議論文是高考完形填空題中較難的一種文體，它一般由三個(gè)要素組成：論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論。要做好議論文型完形填空，最重要的是抓住作者的論點(diǎn)。不同的議論文論點(diǎn)的提出方式往往不同，大體有以下三種情況：1.開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山地提出論點(diǎn)。有些議論文在文章的一開(kāi)始就提出論點(diǎn)，然后再通過(guò)具體的論據(jù)去說(shuō)明論點(diǎn)，論據(jù)有時(shí)候既有正面的論據(jù)，也有反面的論據(jù)，最后總結(jié)全文。2.導(dǎo)入式提出論點(diǎn)。有些議論文會(huì)先通過(guò)敘述生活中的一件具體的事情或描述生活中的現(xiàn)象，然后根據(jù)事情或現(xiàn)象所反映的問(wèn)題提出自己的論點(diǎn)，再用具體的論據(jù)去說(shuō)明自己的論點(diǎn)。3.最后提出論點(diǎn)。有些議論文一開(kāi)始作者僅僅是列舉生活中的現(xiàn)象，而不表明自己的觀點(diǎn)，而是通過(guò)對(duì)具體現(xiàn)象的分析，自然得出一種結(jié)論，這種結(jié)論往往就是作者的論點(diǎn)。對(duì)于純議論形式的完形填空，要在掌握全文主旨的情況下，抓住每段的首句，即主旨句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就是把握了文章的脈絡(luò)，理解文意就容易了。真題典例[2009·福建卷]Childrenfindmeaningsintheiroldfamilytales.WhenStephenGuyer'sthreechildrenweregrowingup,hetoldthemstoriesabouthowhisgrandfather,abanker,__1__allinthe1930s,butdidnotlosesightofwhathevaluedmost.Inoneofthedarkesttimes__2__hisstrong-mindedgrandfatherwasnearly__3__，heloadedhisfamilyintothecarand__4__themtoseefamilymembersinCanadawitha__5__“Therearemoreimportantthingsinlifethanmoney.”The__6__tookonanewmeaningrecentlywhenMr.Guyerdownsizedtoa__7__housefromamoreexpensiveandcomfortableone.Hewas__8__thathischildren,adaughter,15,andtwins,22,wouldbeupset.Tohissurprise,theyweren't.__9__，theirreactionechoed(共鳴)theirgreat-grandfather's.Whatthey__10__washowwarmthepeoplewereinthehouseandhow__11__oftheirheartwasaccessible.Manyparentsarefindingfamilystorieshavesurprisingpowertohelpchildren__12__hardtimes.Storytellingexpertssaythephenomenonreflectsagrowing__13__intellingtales,evidencedbyariseinstorytellingeventsandfestivals.Auniversity__14__of65familieswithchildrenagedfrom14to16foundkids'abilityto__15__parents'storieswaslinkedtoalowerrateofangerandanxiety.The__16__istellingthestoriesinawaychildrencan__17__.We'renottalkinghereaboutthekindofstorythat__18__，“WhenIwasakid,Iwalkedtoschooleverydayuphillbothways,barefootinthesnow.”Instead,weshouldchooseastorysuitedtothechild's__19__，andmakeeyecontact(接觸)tocreate“apersonalexperience”.Wedon'thavetotellchildren__20__theyshouldtakefromthestoryandwhatthemoralis.()1.A.missedB．lostC．forgotD．ignored()2.A.when B．while C．how D．why()3.A.friendlessB．worthless C．pennilessD．homeless()4.A.fetched B．a(chǎn)llowed C．expectedD．took()5.A.hope B．promise C．suggestion D．belief()6.A.tale B．a(chǎn)greement C．a(chǎn)rrangement D．report()7.A.large B．small C．new D．grand()8.A.surprised B．a(chǎn)nnoyed C．disappointedD．worried()9.A.Therefore B．Besides C．Instead D．Otherwise()10.A.talkedabout B．caredabout C．wroteabout D．heardabout()11.A.much B．many C．little D．few()12.A.beyondB．overC．behind D．through()13.A.argument B．skill C．interest D．a(chǎn)nxiety()14.A.study B．design C．committee D．staff()15.A.provideB．retellC．support D．refuse()16.A.troubleB．giftC．fact D．trick()17.A.performB．writeC．hear D．question()18.A.meansB．endsC．begins D．proves()19.A.needs B．a(chǎn)ctivities C．judgments D．habits()20.A.that B．what C．which D．whom【要點(diǎn)綜述】研究表明，給孩子們講述先輩們艱苦奮斗的故事不僅有助于他們渡過(guò)難關(guān)，也可以緩解他們的精神壓力——減消生氣和焦慮。1．B他給他們講述了他爺爺——一位銀行家，在20世紀(jì)30年代失去了一切但沒(méi)有忘記他最重視的東西的故事。本句中but后面的losesightof暗示本空應(yīng)填lost。2．A首先要弄清本句的主句是：heloadedhisfamilyintothecarand…由此可知設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，再根據(jù)句意可知此處用表示時(shí)間的關(guān)系副詞when。3．C根據(jù)上文________(lost)allinthe1930s可知本空答案應(yīng)為penniless(身無(wú)分文)。4．D爺爺用車把全家人帶到加拿大。take帶走；fetch去?。籥llow允許；expect期望。由題意可知，本題答案應(yīng)為D項(xiàng)。5．D空后的句子Therearemoreimportantthingsinlifethanmoney為設(shè)空處的同位語(yǔ)，而該句應(yīng)該是爺爺?shù)囊环N“信念”，不是“希望”、“諾言”和“建議”，故答案為D項(xiàng)。6．A根據(jù)首段最后一詞及第二段整段內(nèi)容可知本題答案為A。7．B本句改為：Mr.Guyerdownsizedfromamoreexpensiveandcomfortableonetoa…h(huán)ouse后可知答案為B項(xiàng)。Guyer先生原來(lái)住的房子價(jià)格不菲，而且住起來(lái)非常舒適，而現(xiàn)在卻住在一所小房子里。8．D由于生活條件變得很差，故Guyer先生擔(dān)心孩子們會(huì)感到不舒服。surprised感到奇怪的；annoyed感到煩惱的；disappointed感到失望的；worried擔(dān)心的。9．C使他感到奇怪的是，他們并沒(méi)有感到不舒服。相反，他們的反應(yīng)與他們的曾祖父一樣。instead用來(lái)表示與前面提到的事情相反。10．B從下文可知，孩子們并沒(méi)有因生活條件變得糟糕而感到不舒服，他們關(guān)心的是這所房子里的一家人有多溫暖、他們的心有多貼近。careabout關(guān)心，擔(dān)心；talkabout談?wù)?；writeabout寫關(guān)于……的內(nèi)容；hearabout聽(tīng)說(shuō)。11．A根據(jù)句意可知，孩子們關(guān)心的是全家人心靈之間的貼近度(有多么貼近)，much表程度，符合句意。12．Dthroughhardtimes意為“度過(guò)艱難時(shí)期”。13．C講故事的專家說(shuō)這種現(xiàn)象反映了(人們)對(duì)講故事越來(lái)越感興趣，這一點(diǎn)從不斷增加地對(duì)各種事件及節(jié)日故事的講述上得到了印證。interest興趣；argument爭(zhēng)辯；skill技巧，技能；anxiety焦慮，擔(dān)憂。14．A根據(jù)句意可知，此處指一項(xiàng)對(duì)65個(gè)家庭所做的研究。study研究；design設(shè)計(jì)；committee委員會(huì)；staff全體職工，全體人員。故A項(xiàng)符合句意。15．B閱讀全文可知通過(guò)父母給孩子講故事再讓孩子復(fù)述這些故事這一過(guò)程，孩子們減少了生氣和焦慮。16．D(講故事的)技巧是用孩子們能夠傾聽(tīng)的方式來(lái)講(故事)。根據(jù)句意可知D項(xiàng)正確。17．C根據(jù)句意可知此處表示“傾聽(tīng)”，故B項(xiàng)不正確。perform履行，完成，演出；question詢問(wèn)，質(zhì)疑，均不符合句意，故選C。18．Cthatbegins意為“是那樣開(kāi)始的”。由后面敘述提示可知答案。19．A根據(jù)上句可知，所講的故事應(yīng)該符合孩子們的需要而不是“活動(dòng)(activities)”、“判斷(judgments)”或“習(xí)慣(habits)”。20．B根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞，且從句中動(dòng)詞take缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以用what既作賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞又在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。新題預(yù)測(cè)Learningtosavemoneywhenyou'reyoungisanimportantlesson.Allgoodlessonsandhabitsbeginearly,andsavingisaskillthateveryone__1__.Manypeople—adultsincluded—donothaveagood__2__ofsavingforthelongrun.Ihavebeen__3__tolearnthislessonearlybecauseIhavehadagrasscuttingbusinesssinceIwas10yearsold.__4__themoneyImadeIspentabout10percentandsavedtheother90.Makingsureyousaveanddon'tspendtoomuchisagoodwayto__5__wealth.Ihaveputmyearningsinabank.ManyteensIknowspendallthemoneytheyearnsoitneverhasachanceto__6__.Youngpeopleshould__7__thattheirteenageyearsareagreattimetobeginsaving.Ifyouhaveajobathighschool,you__8__havefunwithsomeofthemoney.Butyoushouldalsosavesome__9__itwillgrow.Thenyoucanbeginplanningforyourfuture.Whenyouspendmoney,younotonlylosethatmoney,__10__losetheinterestyoucouldhaveearnedbysavingit.Afterhighschool,collegeis__11__，withexpensessuchasfoodandrent.Ifyoucan__12__agoodpercentageofthemoneyyouearnasateen,goingtocollegeandbuyingahousewillbemucheasier.Ifyouareinyourthirtieswithoutanysavings,youwillalwayshaveto__13__.Laterinlifeitcanbehardtostartsaving__14__generalcostoflivingismoreexpensiveandyoumayonlyhaveenoughtopayyour__15__.Ifyouwanttobuyahouseandhaveafamily,youneedmoneytostartwith,which__16__saving.Manysaymoneycannotmakeyouhappy,andthisistrue.Butmoneycanhelpyoutoleada__17__life.Savingearlywillmeanyouwillhavetoworkforfeweryearswhenyouareolder.Itwillalso__18__youtospendtimedoingthethingsthatyouwanttodo.__19__，itwillmeanyoucanlivethewayyouwanttowithout__20__.()1.A.needsB．likesC．a(chǎn)rrangesD．expects()2.A.knowledgeB．experienceC．formD．sense()3.A.foolishB．fundamentalC．luckyD．grateful()4.A.WithB．OfC．InD．From()5.A.divideupB．buildupC．keepupD．makeup()6.A.breakB．runC．makeD．grow()7.A.recognizeB．realizeC．researchD．doubt()8.A.mustB．dareC．shouldD．may()9.A.sothatB．incaseC．inthatD．butfor()10.A.butB．a(chǎn)ndC．a(chǎn)lsoD．or()11.A.expensiveB．cheapC．boringD．bitter()12.A.holdoutB．holdupC．holdontoD．holdback()13.A.surviveB．struggleC．tolerateD．die()14.A.ifB．a(chǎn)slongasC．whileD．since()15.A.billsB．taxesC．a(chǎn)ttentionD．consequences()16.A.resultsfromB．getsfromC．comesfromD．escapesfrom()17.A.happyB．simpleC．miserableD．secure()18.A.forbidB．a(chǎn)llowC．a(chǎn)dviseD．request()19.A.InadditionB．AboveallC．OnthecontraryD．Believeitornot()20.A.consultingB．worryingC．restingD．thinking【要點(diǎn)綜述】年輕時(shí)就要學(xué)會(huì)省錢，這是重要的一課。所有好的習(xí)慣都開(kāi)始于青年時(shí)代……新時(shí)代的青年人如何花錢、省錢、存錢是值得我們思考的問(wèn)題。1．A由語(yǔ)境可知，省錢應(yīng)該是每一個(gè)人都需要的技能。2．Dhaveagoodsenseof“對(duì)……有明確的意識(shí)”。句意為：很多人，包括成年人，對(duì)為了長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)打算而省錢都沒(méi)有明確的意識(shí)。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是認(rèn)識(shí)上的問(wèn)題，所以不能用knowledge。3．C第一段告訴我們，早點(diǎn)接受省錢的教育是很好的，而“我”恰恰在小時(shí)候就上了這樣的課，自然是很幸運(yùn)了。foolish意為“愚蠢的，傻的”；fundamental意為“基本的，主要的”；grateful意為“感激的”。4．B這里表示范圍，意思是“在我賺的錢中”，所以要用of。5．Bbuildup在此表示“逐漸積累(資金等)”。句意為：要確保儲(chǔ)蓄而不揮霍是增長(zhǎng)財(cái)富的好方法。divideup意為“分配”；keepup意為“保持，維持”；makeup意為“彌補(bǔ)，編造”。6．Dgrow意為“增加，增長(zhǎng)”。既然花掉了所有的錢，錢就不可能增多。7．Brealize意為“意識(shí)到”，符合語(yǔ)境。recognize意為“認(rèn)出”；research意為“研究，調(diào)查”；doubt意為“懷疑”。8．Cshould意為“應(yīng)該”，在這里表示按情理推出的較大的可能性，符合語(yǔ)境。may意為“可能，