閱讀表達(dá)答題技巧詳解與考試

閱讀表達(dá)答題技巧詳解與練習(xí)一、關(guān)于閱讀表達(dá)題閱讀表達(dá)題是自2007年開始山東省高考試題中增加的 一種新的測試題型，要求考生在閱讀所給短文，然后按照題目要求回答文后的五個(gè)問題，每個(gè)問題 3分，總分15分。該題型的測試目的是從多方位多角度考查考生通過閱讀獲取信息、 處理信息并進(jìn)行書面表達(dá)的能力。比傳統(tǒng)的閱讀理解題型更具綜合性和主觀性，更能體現(xiàn)對考生的 綜合語言運(yùn)用能力的考查。按照考試說明，閱讀表達(dá)題的問題總共有七種類型：問題類型常見問題主旨概括What'thebesttitleofthepassage?Whatisthepurposeofthewriter'writingthispassage?What'themainideaofthepassage/article?填空Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithapropersentence/properwordsorphrases.翻譯句子TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintheparagraphintoChinese.冋意句替換Pleasefindoutthesentenceinthepassagewhichcanbereplacedbythefollowingone.封閉性問題Regularclose-endedwh-questionsbasedonthepassage.開放性問題Whatwouldyoudoifyou…?Whatothersuggestionswouldyougive?Howwouldyousettletheproblemifyou…?其他類型每年的高考題將會從以上的七種類型中選出五類， 問題的順序也會結(jié)合問題的信息點(diǎn)在文章種出現(xiàn)的順序進(jìn)行排列。 其他類型的題目屬于不確定題型，是根據(jù)文章題材和體裁的具體特點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)的與以上六種題型不同的問題類型。 還有就是為了控制考生在該試題上所化肥的時(shí)間，在每一個(gè)需要考生回答的 問題后面都有具體字?jǐn)?shù)的要求（翻譯句子和句子填空題除外）。二、 答題步驟：快速閱讀，把握大意和文章脈絡(luò)，以及作者寫作意圖；瀏覽題目，搞清考查目的；再度文章，仔細(xì)推敲，準(zhǔn)確答題。三、 閱讀表達(dá)題的解題方法與技巧1、主旨概括：主要考查考生對文章內(nèi)容的整體把握能力。要想答好該題，考生必須有很強(qiáng)的概括能力或歸納能力，要善于尋找能夠概括全文的主題段落或者主題句， 剔除文中的細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)或者作者所用的論據(jù)， 即要分清主旨和細(xì)節(jié)，概括出來的中心意思一定要能夠覆蓋全文或整個(gè)段落，絕對不可太籠統(tǒng)離題太遠(yuǎn)或者以偏概全； 文中標(biāo)題格式可以是完整的句子，簡潔的短語，也可以用問題的形式，同時(shí)要注意字?jǐn)?shù)要求。具體的表達(dá)可以先根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容找出關(guān)鍵詞，再在此基礎(chǔ)上確定文章標(biāo)題或者文章的 mainidea。2、同意句替換：只有準(zhǔn)確理解所給句子的意義，抓住所給句子中的關(guān)鍵詞，才能準(zhǔn)確快速地找出原文中意義相同的句子。3、填空：回答此類問題時(shí)，一定首先注意弄清楚上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，如遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、并列、對比、因果等等；然后根據(jù)上下文的含義搞清楚空白處該填句子還是短語或者單詞，再讀上下文，最后確定答案。4、翻譯句子：在該類題目中要求翻譯的句子往往是結(jié)果較為復(fù)雜或者包括一些特定習(xí)語的句子。因此再翻譯之前一定要先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，并結(jié)合文章中心思想以及上下文弄清句子所在的語境，同時(shí)還要注意英、漢兩種語言及其問題特征的差異，最后在忠實(shí)于原文的基礎(chǔ)上，把畫線部分的句子翻譯成符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣的句子。5、封閉性問題：封閉性問題是指答案是固定或唯一的問題，一般可在文章中找到明確的答案或依據(jù)，包括常見的wh-questions。6、開放性問題：開放性問題是閱讀表達(dá)中主觀性最強(qiáng)的試題，要求考生結(jié)合個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)來回答相關(guān)問題。7、其他類型：該題是結(jié)合文章的不同題材和體裁給出的除以上 6種類型以外的類型的題。比如設(shè)計(jì)圖表題，推理判斷題等。四、考生在備考訓(xùn)練中應(yīng)注意的問題1、養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀習(xí)慣，掌握一定的閱讀技巧。例如，要善于概括文章或者其中某一個(gè)段落和層次的主旨大意、作者的寫作目的，要善于分析或把握篇章的結(jié)構(gòu)、推測作者的語氣、態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)，捕捉文章的具體信息，理解特定環(huán)境中語言的意義。2、因?yàn)檫^去的傳統(tǒng)閱讀試題是選擇題，由名題者提供選項(xiàng)，應(yīng)試者只是被動(dòng)地去選擇，因此同學(xué)們?nèi)菀自谒枷肷闲纬梢欢ǖ囊蕾囆浴６喿x表達(dá)題要求應(yīng)試者給出答案，或者是發(fā)表自己的看法。所以同學(xué)們在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中要養(yǎng)成主動(dòng)思維的習(xí)慣，如就文章的內(nèi)容或作者的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行討論或評價(jià)，對文章故事的情節(jié)或作者的思路進(jìn)行預(yù)測、對作者的語氣進(jìn)行揣摩等等。3、在回答問題之前要認(rèn)真審題，判斷問題的類型，弄清題目的要求；回答要有針對性，避免答非所問；同時(shí)還要注意問題后的字?jǐn)?shù)要求，回答要簡潔，語言要準(zhǔn)確、達(dá)意，蠲免要整潔。4、解答閱讀題的關(guān)鍵是弄清楚其考查的目的、問題的類型和掌握一定的答題技巧，并在老師的指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行一定量的針對性訓(xùn)練；尤其要注意的是平時(shí)一定要注意英語書面表達(dá)能力的提高以及書寫的訓(xùn)練。五、下面通過2007山東卷的閱讀表達(dá)實(shí)例對各種類型問題的答題技巧一一說明。AnAmericanfriendofminewhowashighupinabigcorporationhadworkedoutawayofhandlingafloodofe-mailsbeforemostofushadevenheardoftheconcept.Ifanyinformationhewassentwasvitalenough,hislackofresponsewouldensurethesenderranghimup,ifthesenderwasn'timportantenoughtohavehisprivatenumber,thecommunicationcouldn'btethatimportant,myfriendisnowevenmoreseniorinthesamecompanysothestrategymustwork.Almosteveryweeknowthereseemstobeareportsuggestingthatweareallbeingdrivencrazybythebotherofe-mail.Ifthisisthecase,it'osnlybecausewehaven'dtevelopedanappropriatediscriminationindealingwithit. .Firstly,youjunknothingwithanexclamationmarkorastringofcapitalletters,orfromanyaddressyoudon'trecognizoerfeelconfidentabout.Secondly,e-mailsdon'tllahavetobeanswered.Becausee-mailingissoeasy,there'satendencyforcorrespondencetocarryonforever,butitispermissibletostopanendlessdiscussionortoacceptapointofinformationsentbyacolleaguewithoutacknowledgingit.Thirdly,areplye-maildoesn'havetobethesamelengthastheoriginal.Weallhavee-mailpalswhosendlong,chattye-mail,whicharenicetoreceive,butwhothenexpectanequallylongreply.Thecharmofe-mailcanconsistinthesimple,incompletesentence,totallyregardlessoftheformatofthelettersentbypost.Youareperfectlywithintheboundsofpolitenessinrespondingtoamarathone-mailwithabetterreply.Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?Thepossibleexistenceofannoyanceresultsfromourinabilitytosortoute-mailsFillintheblankinParagraph3withapropersentence.(within10words)Whatadviceisgiveninthelastparagraph?(within10words)ForwhatpurposedoestheauthormentionhisAmericanfriendinParagraph1?(within10words)TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphintoChinese.答案與解析：答案：Ifthisisthecase,it 'sonlybecausewehaven'tdevelopedriminipiooipriateindealingwithit.解析：該題為同意句替換題，細(xì)讀所給句子，不難得出其意義“這些令人惱火的情況之所以存在，是因?yàn)槲覀儧]有對電子郵件進(jìn)行分類的能力” 。然后對照原文，就很容易找到其同意句了。答案：E-mail(s)canbehandledinthefollowingways./Herearethewaystodealwithe-mail(s)./handlinge-mail(s)isanart.解析：該題為填空題。做該類題目首先要根據(jù)上下文搞清楚所填內(nèi)容是句子還是短語或單詞。從該題要求來看我們可以知道此處要填入合適的句子。 聯(lián)系上下文可知，下文所列三條都是處理電子郵件的方法，那就不難知道，此處所填句子內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是一個(gè)概括性較強(qiáng)的 topicsentence,這樣我們就不難知道該填什么內(nèi)容了。答案：Youmayreplytoalonge-mailbriefly./Youdon'havetowritealongreplye-mail.解析：該題為封閉性問題，要求答出最后一段所給的建議。做這種類型的題目時(shí)，首先要讀懂該段要告訴讀者的是什么信息， 然后根據(jù)要求進(jìn)行總結(jié)， 因?yàn)橛凶謹(jǐn)?shù)限制，所以答題時(shí)要特別注意如何用詞和如何組織語言。 從最后一段的第一句我們就可以知道這條建議是告訴讀者“在回復(fù)e-mail時(shí)，不必和對方來信的長度一樣”。其實(shí)這句話就是該問題的答案，但是由于有字?jǐn)?shù)限定，我們就必須改變一下說法，使答案的字?jǐn)?shù)控制在 10個(gè)單詞以內(nèi)，這樣就可以避免學(xué)生照抄原文，從而達(dá)到考察學(xué)生靈活運(yùn)用語言能力的目的。答案：Toshowawayofhandlinge-mail(s)withanexample./Tointroducethetopicofthetext.解析：該題屬于其他類型的題目， 要求考生寫出作者在第一段中提到他美國朋友的寫作意圖?？v觀全文不難知道，該短文的主旨是向讀者介紹處理電子郵件的方法。 而作者在第一段引用他美國朋友處理郵件的方法做為例子，目的正是為了揭示文章主題。答案：用簡短的話回復(fù)冗長的郵件完全不失禮節(jié)。 /用簡短的話回復(fù)馬拉松式的電子郵件也是禮貌的。解析：該題為句子翻譯題。做該題時(shí)應(yīng)先分析句子成分，搞清每個(gè)意群的含義，然后結(jié)合上下文以及文章的中心思想， 調(diào)整成符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣的通順的漢語句子。 翻譯該句，關(guān)鍵是搞清處兩個(gè)短語的含義，一個(gè)是withintheboundof（在…范圍內(nèi)）,另一個(gè)是inrespondingto（作答，回復(fù)）。閱讀表達(dá)練習(xí)集錦（一）Everyonehasgottwopersonalities（性格）-theonethatisshowntotheworldandtheotherthatissecretandreal.Youdon'tshowyoursecretpersonalitywhenyou'rea-wakebecauseyoucancontrolyourbehaviour,butwhenyou'reasleep,yoursleepingpositionshowstherealyou.Inanormalnight,ofcourse,peoplefrequentlychangetheirposition.Theimportantpositionistheonethatyougotosleepin.Ifyougotosleeponyourback,you'reaveryopenperson.Younormallytrustpeopleandyouareeasilyinflueneedbyfashionornewideas.Youdon 'tliketoupsetpeople,soyouneverexpressyourrealfeelings.You 'requiteshyandyouaren 'tveryconfident.Oilyousleeponyourstomach,youarearathersecretiveperson.Youworryalotandyou'realwayseasilyupset.You'reverystubborn,butyouaren'tveryambitious.Youusuallylivefortodaynotfortomorrow.Thismeansthatyouenjoyhavingagoodtime.Ifyousleeponcurling（蜷縮）up,youareprobablyaverynervousperson.Youhavealowopinionofyourselfandsoyou'reoftendefensive.You'reshyandyoudon'tnormallylikemeetingpeople.Youpreferto .Ifyousleeponyourside,youhaveusuallygotawell-balaneedpersonality.Youknowyourstrengthsandweakness.You'reusuallycareful.Youhaveaconfidentpersonality.Yousometimesfeelanxious,butyoudon'toftengetdepressed.Youalwayssaywhatyouthinkevenifitannoyspeople.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?（Pleaseanswerwithin10words.）Whichsentenceinthepassagecanbereplacedbythefollowingone?Youalwayssticktoyourownopinion,butyoudon'thavefar-reachinggoals.Pleasefillintheblankwithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence.（Pleaseanswerwithin10words.）Whichofthepositionsdoyouthinkistruetoyou?Howcanyouimprovetheweaknessofyourpersonalities?（Pleaseanswerwithin30words.）TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceinthefirstparagraphintoChinese.參考答案：Sleepingpositionsandpersonalities解析：從第一段yoursleepingpositionshowstherealyou一句以及后文的分析可以判斷 ，一個(gè)人的睡覺姿勢與性格有關(guān)系 .You'reverystubborn,butyouaren'tveryambstiou解析：要答對該題，你要抓住兩個(gè)點(diǎn)，一是sticktoyourownopinion,再就是havefar-reachinggoals,只要搞清楚這兩個(gè)點(diǎn)的含義，就不難得出問題答案了 .beonyourown/stayalone解析：根據(jù)上文You'reshyandyoudon'tnormallylikemeetingpeople.一句很容易能夠判斷出下文應(yīng)該是Youprefertobeonyourself/stayalone.（該題為開放性問題，要求學(xué)生根據(jù)自己的情況作答 ，一般沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案，只要考生能夠自己屬于哪種睡姿，并且能夠根據(jù)這種睡姿所顯示的缺點(diǎn)提出相應(yīng)的正確改正的意見即可 ）當(dāng)你醒著時(shí)，你不會表露出你隱藏的性格， 因?yàn)槟隳芸刂谱约旱男袨椋?但是當(dāng)你睡著時(shí)，你的睡姿會顯露出真正的你。（二）Everyyear，wheneverSpringFestivalarrives，alotofChinesepeoplecannotwaittogohome.Theyqueueforlonghoursinfrontoftheticketofficesinrailwaystations，ordowhatevertheycaninordertogetaticket.Theytoleratethelongjourneyonthetrainonlytowantto withtheirnearanddearones.AccordingtoTheBeijingYouthDaily，mostChinesecelebratetheSpringFestivalnotonlybecausetheywanttofollowtradition，therearealsosomepracticalreasonstoexplainChinesepeople'sfeverfortheholiday.Comparedwithone'sworkplace，homeprovidesamorehumaneenvironmentforonetorelaxoneself.Societymaydowithorwithoutyou，butathome，youbecomeuniqueandindispensable.Youmaybethefatherormother，daughterorson，grandfatherorgrandmotherinthefamilyandthefamilywillbeincompleteifanyoneisabsent，becauseeverymemberinthefamilyisboundtogether，andeveryoneinthefamilyispleasedwiththefeelingthatheorsheisuniqueandirreplaceable.Inaddition，familyprovidesanidealenvironmentforonetofullyrelaxoneself.Athome，onecantakeone'stimedowhateverheorshewants，andonecanspendmoneywheneveronelikes.Insociety，however，oneneedstodoeverythingfastandwithhighefficiency，becausesocietyalwaysrequiresefficiencyandmaximumprofits.Suchcompanyprinciplesmakepeoplemerelyatoolinmodernsociety.Chinesepeople'sstrongdesireforSpringFestivalshowsthattheyfeeloppressedandhaveasenseofpredicament（困境）ofexisteneeinmodernsociety.TheSpringFestivalprovidesachaneeforthemtoescapefromsuchanxietyandtreasuretheIong-losttraditionofcommunityspirit.WiththeSpringFestival，peoplecanfindbackthewarm，familyatmosphereoftenseenindaysgoneby.What'sthepassagemainlytalkingabout?（Pleaseanswerwithin10words.）Fillintheblankswithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence.(Pleaseanswerwithin10words.)Whichsentenceinthepassagecanbereplacedbythefollowingone?Youmaynotbeanecessarypartinsociety,butinyourfamily,youareveryimportantandnooneelsecantaketheplaceofyou.DoyouthinkhomeisimportantforChinesetocelebratetheSpringFestival?Whyorwhynot?(Pleaseanswerwithin30words.)TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphintoChinese.參考答案：WhySpringFestivalissoimportanttoChinesepeople./WhysomanyChinesegohomeduringSpringFestival/WhyChinesegettogetherforSpringFestivalhaveafamilyreunion/haveaget-together/haveawonderfultime/gettogether/gatherSocietymaydowithorwithoutyou,butathome,youbecomeuniqueandindispensable.Yes.ForaChinese,familyprovidesanidealenvironmenttofullyrelaxoneselfandthefamilygivesyouthefeelingofbeinguniqueandirreplaceable.在春節(jié)，人們可以找回往日歲月常見的那種溫馨和諧的家庭氣氛。Electronicdevices(裝置)arechangingthewaypeoplelistentomusic.Butstudiesshowthedevicesmaybecausinghearinglossinmanypeople.Someexpertssaypeoplemaybeplayingthemtooloudandfortoolong.Andexpertssaysoundlevelsonthesedevicesneedtobesetlower.Researchersdidastudywiththreehundredhighschoolstudentsandonethousandadults.Theywereaskedabouttheiruseofportablemusicdevices.Fortypercentofstudentsandadultssaidtheysetthesoundlevelsathighontheirplayers.Butstudentsweretwotimesmorelikelytoplaythemusicataveryloudvolume(音量).Morethanhalfofthestudentssaidtheywouldprobablynotlimittheirlisteningtime.Thestudyfoundthatmorethanhalfofthestudentsandlessthanfortypercentoftheadultshadatleastonekindofhearingloss.Somereporteddifficultyhearingpartsofadiscussionbetweentwopeople.Otherssaidtheyhadtoraisevolumecontrolsonatelevisionorradiotohearitbetter.And,someexperieneedringingintheirearsorothernoises.Hearingexpertssaypartoftheproblemisthelisteningequipmentpeopleareusing.Theysaylargeearphonesthatcoverthewholeearareprobablysaferthanthesmallerearbuds(耳塞)thatcomewithmostmusicplayers.Hearinglossmaynotbeobviousforyears,however,onceithappens,thereisfewchaneeofcuring.AboutthirtymillionAmericanshavesomehearingloss.Onethirdofthemlosttheirhearingasaresultofloudnoises.TheAmericanSpeech-Language-HearingAssociationisworkingwithcompaniesandgovernmentofficialsonsettingrulesforuseofportablemusicdevices.Thegroupsaysthebestwaytoprotectyourhearingisto ,limitlisteningtimeanduseearphonesthatblockoutforeignnoises.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?(Pleaseanswerwithin10words.)Whichsentenceinthepassagecanbereplacedbythefollowingone?Comparedtoadults,teenagersaremorelikelytoturnuptheirplayers.Pleasefillintheblankinthelastparagraphwithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence.(Pleaseanswerwithin10words.)Whattroublewillhappentopersonifhesufferssomehearingloss? (Pleasegiveatleasttwoexamplesmentioneditthepassage,eachwithin15words.)TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceinthefourthparagraphintoChinese.參考答案：Hearinglosscausedbyelectronicdevices./Electronicdevicesmaycausehearingloss.（評分要求：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和與參考答案的意思相近的程度酌情給分。只寫出類似“HearingLoss等過于籠統(tǒng)答案的，不得分。）Butstudentsweretwotimesmorelikelytoplaythemusicataveryloudvolume.（評分要求：要求準(zhǔn)確找出以上的句子，并完整無誤的抄寫在題目要求的位置。 ）reducethevolume/turndowntheplayer（評分要求：要求給出的答案能保持與上下文的連貫性，而且與參考答案的意思相近。凡是能明確表達(dá)調(diào)低音量”之含義，且表述無誤者，都得分）1.Failingtohearpartsofadiscussionbetweentwopeople.HavingtoraisevolumewhilewatchingTV.Ringingintheirearsorothernoises.（評分要求：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和與參考答案的意思相近的程度酌情給分。 能列舉出三條問題中的兩條即可，要注意對原文句子的修改，字?jǐn)?shù)超出者扣 1分，與答案不同，但意思和表達(dá)無誤者，都得分。只要說出一條者，得 1分。）聽力損傷也許多年都不被察覺（表現(xiàn)不明顯） ，但它一旦發(fā)生，就幾乎沒有治愈的可能。（評分要求：要求在準(zhǔn)確、全面的基礎(chǔ)上，翻譯成較為通順的漢語，并表達(dá)出作者的思路。）（四）Inthemodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity（繁榮）.Otherssaythatcompetitionisbad,thatitsetsonepersonagainstanother,thatitleadstounfriendlyrelationshipbetweenpeople.Ihavetaughtmanychildrenwhoheldthebeliefthattheirself-worthreliedonhowwelltheyperformedattennisandotherskills.Forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlife-anddeathaffairs.Intheirsingle-mindedpursuitofsuccess,thedevelopmentofmanyotherhumanqualitiesissadlyforgotten.However,whilesomeseemtobelostinthedesiretosucceed,otherstakeanoppositeattitude.Inaculturewhichvaluesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers,theystronglyblamecompetition.Amongthosewhocomplainmostareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsociety.Teachingtheseyoungpeople,Ioftenobserveinthemadesiretofail.Theyseemtoseekfailurebynottryingtowinorachievesuccess.Bynottrying,theyalwayshaveanexcuse:"Imayhavelost,butitdoesn'tmatterbecauseIreallydidn'ttry."Whatisnotusuallyadmittedbythemisthebeliefthatiftheyhadreallytriedandlost, .Suchalosswouldbethemeasureoftheirworth.Clearly,thisbeliefisthesameasthatoftruecompetitorswhotrytoprovethemselves.Botharebasedonthemistakenbeliefthatone'sself-respectreliesonhowwelloneperformsincomparisonwithothers.Bothareafraidofnotbeingvalued.Onlyasthisbasicandoftentroublesomefearbeginstodissolve（緩解）canwediscoveranewmeaningincompetition.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?（Pleaseanswerwithin15words.）Whichsentenceinthepassagecanbereplacedbythefollowingone?Althoughitseemsthatsomearedyingtosucceed,othersthinkdifferently.Pleasefillintheblankinthe3rdparagraphwithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence.（Pleaseanswerwithin10words.）What'syourattitudetowardcompetition?（Pleaseanswerwithin30words.）Translatetheunderlinedsentenceinthe3rdparagraphintoChinese.參考答案：Opinionsaboutcompetitionaredifferentamongpeople.Whilesomeseemtobelostinthedesiretosucceed,otherstakeanoppositeattitude.thatwouldmeanalotAsfarasIamconcerned,I'minfavorofcompetition.Faircompetitioncanbringaboutsocialprogressandprosperityaswellaspersonaldevelopment.在那些最抱怨競爭的人中，就有深受來自你父母或社會競爭壓力之苦的年輕人。（五）Alongcarjourneycanbeanightmare（噩夢）foreveryone,whethertheyareadultsorchildren,passengersordrivers.Thedriveratleasthassomethingthatheorsheneedstoconcentrateonbutfortheotheroccupantsofthecar,thejourneycanbeboring,uncomfortable,andcanmakeyoufeelsick.Moreover,passengerswhosufferduringcarjourneyscancausestressandanxietytothedriver,whomaythereforeloseconcentrationandcauseanaccident.Withthisprobleminmind,doctorsandchildpsychiatristshaverecommendedaseriesofthingstodoandnotdotomakethesejourneyslessstressful.Surveyssuggestthatamajorcauseofargumentsoncarjourneysis ,andevidenceshowsthatdriversoperatebetteriftheyarelisteningtosomethingoftheirownchoice.Thismeansthat,especiallywhendifferentgenerationsaretraveling,everyoneexceptthedriverwhowantstolistentomusicshouldbeequippedwiththeirownsourceofmusicorradio.Byfarthemostsuccessfulstrategy,especiallyiftherearechildreninthecar,istoturnthejourneyintoafuntaskofsomekind.Forexample,childrencanbeissuedwithanillustratedworksheet,offeringthemthechancetotickoffthingsthattheysee—abluemotorwayroadsign,forexample,oraparticularkindoftree.Itisofcourseimportantto