【公開課】Unit4Discovering+Useful Structures課件-2022-2023學(xué)年高中英語人教版（2019）選擇性必修第二冊

GrammarthepastparticipaeformaspredicativeandadverbialsLearningObjectivesInthisclass,youwill1.knowthedifferentmeaningsandfunctionsofthepastparticipaeformaspredicativeandadverbials.2.practiceandfutherconsolidatetheuseofthepastparticipaeformaspredicativeandadverbials.[探究發(fā)現(xiàn)]

1.Thenextdaywasclearandmild,andthey

werepleasedtoseethebeautifulmountains

lookingoutoverthecity.2.Seenfromthetrainwindow,themountains

andforestsofCanadalookedmassive.3.Whenweheardofit,weweredeeplymoved.4.Istaredatthemovingmodelofthewaste

machine,absorbedbyitsefficiency.[我的發(fā)現(xiàn)](1)___________句是過去分詞作表語(2)____________句是過去分詞（短語）作狀語1和32和4要點規(guī)則詳析

一、過去分詞作表語1.過去分詞可用在系動詞be,get,feel,remain,seem,look,become等之后作表語，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。Heseemedquitedelightedatthenews.聽到那個消息他似乎很高興。ThedoorremainedunlockedwhenIwent

backhome.我回家時門仍然未鎖。[即時訓(xùn)練1]

(1)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremained_________(stick)

abroadduetothevolcanic

ashcloud.②Ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseremain__________(seat)untiltheplanehascometoacomplete

stop.(2)完成句子③Whydoyoualways_________?你為什么總是看上去很疲勞？④I______________________thefilmIsaw

lastnight.Ihadexpectedittobebetter.我對昨晚看的電影很失望。我原以為它能好些。stuckseatedlooktiredwasdisappointedat2.過去分詞作表語時與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別

過去分詞作表語時，強調(diào)主語所處的狀態(tài)，而動詞的被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，強調(diào)動作。Thecupisbroken.

杯子破了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）ThecupwasbrokenbyTom.杯子是湯姆打破的。（被動語態(tài)）[即時訓(xùn)練2】對比翻譯①這本書寫得很好。________________________________________②這本書是由一名著名的作家寫的。_________________________________________________Thebookiswellwritten.Thebookwaswrittenbyafamouswriter.3.感覺類及物動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別

過去分詞作表語多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的狀態(tài)，常譯作“感到…的”；現(xiàn)在分詞多表示事物具有的特性，常譯作“令人…的”。Weweresurprisedatwhathesaidatthemeeting.我們對他在會上講的話很是驚訝。Hiswordsarediscouraging,whichmade

manypeople

discouraged.他的話令人泄氣，使得很多人灰心喪氣。[名師點津]英語中有很多與感覺有關(guān)的及物動詞，其現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義，即“令人有某種感覺的”，多用來修飾物；其過去分詞含有被動意義，即“人被引起某種感覺的”，多用來指人、人的聲音或表情等。即時訓(xùn)練3用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Wewere___________attheresultofthe

experiment,becauseitwasabittoo_______________.(disappoint)②Thenewswas__________andtheywereall__________atit.(excite)③Weallfelt_____________atthe_____________

news.(encourage)④Theaudiencewereall________totearsby

the__________film.(move)disappointeddisappointingexcitingexcitedencouragedencouragingmovedmoving二、過去分詞（短語）作狀語

(一)過去分詞（短語）作狀語的用法過去分詞（短語）作狀語，一般在句子中表示時間、讓步、條件、原因、方式、伴隨和結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于個狀語從句。其邏輯主語為主句的主語，且與其邏輯主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。1.作時間狀語相當(dāng)于時間狀語從句?？稍谶^去分詞前加上連詞“when,while,unti”等，使其時間意義更明確Seen

fromthetopofthehill,thetownlooks

morebeautiful.=Whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill,the

townlooksmorebeautiful.從山頂往下看，這座城鎮(zhèn)看起來更加漂亮。2.作原因狀語

相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句或并列結(jié)構(gòu)。Deeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegan

tocry.=Becausetheyweredeeplymovedbythe

story,thechildrenbegantocry.由于被故事深深地感動，孩子們開始哭了起來。3.作條件狀語相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句。可加連詞if，unless等轉(zhuǎn)換成條件狀語從句。Given

moretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.=Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoit

muchbetter.多給我們，點時間，我們會做得更好4.作讓步狀語相當(dāng)于讓步狀語從句。有時可加although，though,evenif,even

though,

whether

or

等連詞轉(zhuǎn)換成讓步狀語從句。Defeated

byhisopponent,henevergaveup

anyhope.=Althoughhewasdefeatedbyhisopponent,

henevergaveupanyhope.盡管被對手擊敗，但是他從來沒放棄希望。5.作方式和伴隨狀語

相當(dāng)于and連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。Thepresidentofthecompanycmetoth

factory,followedbysomeworkers.=Thepresidentofthecompanycametoth

factoryandhewasfollowedbysomeorker公司總經(jīng)理在幾位工人的陪同下來到工廠，[名師點津]值得注意的是，有些過去分詞及短語因來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時不強調(diào)被動而重在描述主語的狀態(tài)。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有：lost(迷路)，seated(坐)，hidden(躲)，lost/absorbed(沉溺于)，dressedin(穿著)，tiredof(厭煩)Lostinthought,hedidn'thearthebell.由于陷入沉思之中，他沒有聽到鈴聲。即時訓(xùn)練4(1)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①__________(found)intheearly20century,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildre

loveofart.

②When_______(ask）forhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefou

veryinterestingandrewarding.③_____(use)withcare,onetin

lastforsixweeks.(2)同義句轉(zhuǎn)換④United,westand;divided,wefall.___________________,westand;_________________,wefall.⑤Seriouslyinjured,hehadtobetakento

hospital.__________________________________,hehadtobetakentothehospital.FoundedaskedUSedIfweareunitedifwearedividedBecausehewasseriouslyinjured⑥Thoughhewaswounded,thebravesoldiercontinuedtofight.______________,thebravesoldiercontinued

tofight.⑦Whenhewasaskedabouthis

family,hemade

noanswer.______________________________,hemadenoanswer.⑧Thepresidententeredthehall,andhe

accompaniedbyagroupofleaders.Thepresidententeredthehall,____________________________WoundedWhenaskedabouthis

familyaccompaniedbyagroupofleaders.①Doneinahurry,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.因為做得匆忙，他的作業(yè)滿是錯。②Hestoodtheresilently,movedtotears.＝Movedtotears,hestoodtheresilently.他靜靜地站在那里，被感動地?zé)釡I盈眶。③Defeatedagain，thescientistdidn'tgiveup.盡管再次被打敗了，但這位科學(xué)家并沒有放棄。④Seenfromtheair，theGreatWalllookslikeagiantdragon.從空中看，長城像一條巨龍。⑤Children,whenaccompaniedbytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.當(dāng)孩子們由父母陪同時，他們才被允許進(jìn)入這個運動場。(二)過去分詞（短語）作狀語時在句中的位置過去分詞（短語）作條件、原因及時間狀語時，通常放在句首；作伴隨、結(jié)果狀語時，通常放在句末；作方式狀語時，一般放在句末，有時也放在句首；作讓步狀語時，一般放在句首，有時也放在句末。Toldthathismotherwasill,Li

Leihurriedhome

quickly.得知母親生病了，李雷迅速趕回了家。Theoldmanwalkedintotheroom,supportedbyhisson.老人在兒子的攙扶下走進(jìn)了房間。(三)過去分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語過去分詞作狀語時，有時在分詞前加上自己的主語，這種帶有自身主語的過去分詞被稱為過去分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。過去分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作狀語，可表示時間、原因條件等。Extramoneygiventothepoor,hefeltveryhappy.=Becauseextramoneywasgiventothepoor,

hefeltveryhappy.因額外給了窮人一些錢，他感到很高興即時訓(xùn)練

用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語改寫句子①Theplanwassuccessfullycarriedout,and

everythingworkedoutperfectly.____________________________,everythingworkedoutperfectly.②Theboywasknockedover,andblood

streameddownhishead.___________________,blood

streameddownhishead.③Afterthetaskhadbeencompleted,wehada

globaltravelling.__________________,wehadaglobal

travelling.TheplansuccessfullycarriedoutTheboyknockedoverThetaskcompleted(四)過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的區(qū)別過去分詞與其邏輯主語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，即表示被動；現(xiàn)在分詞與其邏輯主語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即表示主動。[巧學(xué)助記]分詞作狀語記憶口訣分詞作狀語，主語是問題。前后兩動作，共用一主語。主語找出后，再來判關(guān)系。主動用-ing,被動用-ed。Askedwhyhewaslate,hecried.