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蘇州市2014高考英語閱讀理解、完形填空及閱讀類訓(xùn)練(5)(答案及解析)閱讀理解AWords:344難度系數(shù):★★★建議用時(shí):8分鐘OnMay23,1989,StefaniaFollinicameoutfromacaveatCarlsbad,NewMexico.Shehadn’tseenthesunforeighteenandahalfweeks.Stefaniawasinaresearchprogram,andthescientistsintheprogramwerestudyingbodyrhythms(節(jié)奏).InthisexperimentStefaniahadspent130daysinacave,30feetindepth.Duringhertimeinthecave,Stefaniahadbeencompletelyaloneexceptfortwowhitemice.Herlivingplacehadbeenverycomfortable,buttherehadbeennothingtotellherthetime.She’dhadnoclocksorwatches,notelevisionorradio.Therehadbeennonaturallightandthetemperaturehadalwaysbeenkeptat21℃.Theresultswereveryinteresting.Stefaniahadbeeninthecaveforoverfourmonths,butshethoughtshehadbeenthereforonlytwo.Herbodyclockhadchanged.Shehadn’tkepttoa24-hourday,shehadstayedawakefor20-25hoursandthenhadsleptfor10hours.Shehadeatenfewermealsandhadlost171bsinweightasaresult!Shehadalsobecomeratherdepressed(抑郁).Howhadshespenthertimeinthecave?Aspartoftheexperimentshe’ddonesomephysicalandmentaltests.She’drecordedherdailyactivitiesandtheresultsofthetestsonacomputer.Thiscomputerhadbeenspeciallyprogrammedfortheproject.Whenevershewasfree,she’dplayedcards,readbooksandlistenedtomusic.She’dalsolearnedFrenchfromtapes.Theexperimentshowedthatourbodyclocksareaffectedbylightandtemperature.Forexample,thepatternofdayandnightmakesuswakeupandgotosleep.However,peopleareaffectedindifferentways.Somepeoplewakeupnaturallyat5∶00a.m.,butothersdon’tstarttowakeuptill9∶00or10∶00a.m..Thisaffectsthewholedailyrhythm.Asaresult,theearlyrisersareattheirbestinthelatemorning.Thelaterisers,ontheotherhand,aretiredduringthedayandonlycometolifeintheafternoonorevening!【解題導(dǎo)語】一位名叫StefaniaFollini的女士參加了一個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目。她在一個(gè)深30英尺的洞穴里生活了130天,終日不見陽光,也沒有計(jì)時(shí)工具。這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人體的生理節(jié)奏與光線和溫度有關(guān)。1.Stefaniastayedinthecaveforalongtimebecause________.A.shewasaskedtodoresearchonmiceB.shewantedtoexperiencelonelinessC.shewasthesubjectofastudyD.sheneededtorecordherlife解析:選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的第一段內(nèi)容可知StefaniaFollini作為研究對(duì)象參與了一項(xiàng)研究試驗(yàn)。故選C。2.WhatisacauseforthechangeofStefania’sbodyclock?A.Eatingfewermeals.B.Havingmorehoursofsleep.C.Lackingphysicalexercise.D.Gettingnonaturallight.解析:選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的第二段最后兩句和最后一段首句可知,無法計(jì)時(shí)和沒有自然光使她的生理節(jié)奏產(chǎn)生了混亂。答案為D。3.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A.Anovel. B.Anewsstory.C.Apetmagazine. D.Atravelguide.解析:選B。推理判斷題。這篇文章為讀者介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于人體生理節(jié)奏的研究,應(yīng)出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙雜志等通俗讀物上,故答案為B。********************************************************結(jié)束閱讀理解AWords:318難度系數(shù):★★建議用時(shí):7分鐘ChristmaswasjustaweekawayandIhadfivepeoplelefttoshopforbutonlythreedollars.“Let’ssetapricelimitonourgiftsthisyear,”IsuggestedtomybestfriendJoanie.“That’sagoodidea,”Joanieagreed.“Howaboutsomethingoverfivedollars?”“Howaboutsixtycents?”Ifeltlikethebiggestcheapskateintheworld.“IguessthisiswhereI’msupposedtosayit’snotthegiftbutthethoughtthatcounts,”Joaniesmiled.Itisalmostimpossibletobuyanythingundersixtycents,soitwasreallygoingtohavetobeverysmallgiftswithverybigthoughts.Finally,ChristmasDayarrived.Igavemymotheracandlewithanotethatsaid,“Youarethebrightestlightinmylife.”Shealmostcriedwhenshereadthenote.Igavemybrotherawoodenruler.OnthebackofitIhadpainted,“Nobrotherintheworldcouldmeasureuptoyou.”Hegavemeabagofsugarandwroteonit,“You’remysweetsister.”ForJoanie,Ipaintedapairofshoeswithanotethatsaid,“Noonecouldeverfillyourshoes.”ShethankedmeandsaidIalwaystickled(使……高興)herandmadeherlaugh.Tomyothertwofriends,IgaveAnnieapaperfanandanoteonit,“I’myourbiggestfan.”IgaveHelenacalculatorthatcostonedollarandIpaintedamessageontheback,“Youcanalwayscountonme.”Mymotherknowssheisthemostimportantpersoninmylife.MybrotherthinksI’msweet.JoaniethinksI’mfunnyandmakeherlaugh,whichisimportantbecauseherdadmovedawaylastyearandshemisseshimandissadsometimes...【解題導(dǎo)語】作者通過描述自己在圣誕節(jié)給親人和朋友送禮物的故事說明禮物貴在心意。5.WhenChristmasneared,theauthorworriedthatshe________.A.hadfewfriendstogivehergiftsB.hadlittlemoneytobuygiftsforothersC.didn’tknowwhatgiftsherfriendswouldlikeD.didn’thaveenoughtimetogoshopping解析:選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知,作者擔(dān)心在圣誕節(jié)來臨之際沒有太多錢為親人和朋友購買禮物。6.Theunderlinedword“cheapskate”inParagraph4probablyreferstoapersonwho________.A.isthepoorestintheworldB.buysthecheapestskateboardsC.spendsaslittlemoneyaspossibleD.buysthecheapestthingsintheworld解析:選C。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二、三、四段可知,作者建議最好的朋友Joanie限定禮物的價(jià)位,Joanie提議5美元以上,而作者則提出60美分,由此可以看出,作者感覺自己像世界上最吝嗇的人。cheapskate意為“吝嗇鬼,守財(cái)奴”。7.Thegirlgavehermotheracandlebecauseitstandsfor________.A.thegirl’sownlifeB.hermother’slifeC.thegirl’sroleinhermother’slifeD.themother’sroleinthegirl’slife解析:選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)作者隨蠟燭附上的小紙條上的話和最后一段第一句可知,作者送蠟燭給媽媽,是因?yàn)樗谧约荷钪械慕巧拖裣灎T一樣。8.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Itisanarttochoosegifts.B.Itisthethoughtnotthegiftthatmatters.C.Howtochoosecheapgifts.D.Givinggiftsimprovesfriendships.解析:選B。主旨大意題。作者在圣誕節(jié)前用僅有的一點(diǎn)錢給親人和朋友購買了特殊的禮物,該故事反映了禮物不在于貴重而在于它所體現(xiàn)的情感。文章第五段中的“it’snotthegiftbutthethoughtthatcounts”也點(diǎn)明了主題。**********************************************************結(jié)束完形填空之記敘文解析典型例題

1.短文內(nèi)容邏輯性強(qiáng),文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),層次分明。2.文體由單一向多樣性轉(zhuǎn)化。近幾年文體出現(xiàn)故事、新聞報(bào)道、應(yīng)用文、夾敘夾議等文體,已經(jīng)突破了單一的敘述文體。其考察的熱點(diǎn)依次為:故事類、教育類、社會(huì)類、文化類、體育衛(wèi)生類。所選文章情節(jié)曲折,趣味性強(qiáng),結(jié)3.文章基本長度在270~290詞之間,設(shè)空為20個(gè),挖空密度在10~12詞之間,體現(xiàn)了“在穩(wěn)定中求發(fā)展”的命題指導(dǎo)思想,多為第一句不設(shè)空,考生可在第一句得到相關(guān)信息,如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物等,從而預(yù)測全文。4.備選答案以實(shí)詞為主,虛詞為輔,虛詞又以連詞為主。要求學(xué)生不僅能夠熟練地掌握基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),還需綜合文章前后邏輯,根據(jù)具體語境,從語言的準(zhǔn)確性出發(fā),排除干擾項(xiàng)的迷惑,選出最佳答案。應(yīng)試高分瓶頸隨著完形填空朝著語言交際化,情景生活化,詞匯應(yīng)用靈活化方向性,要求語言應(yīng)用與情景交際融為一體,當(dāng)然難度不斷增加,學(xué)生便對(duì)完型填空產(chǎn)生厭倦恐懼心理。常會(huì)在做題過程中,在未抓住文章主旨下,便以此為中心展開推測判斷,往往斷章取義,會(huì)導(dǎo)致偏差,甚至與文章的中心相悖,或是受思維定勢干擾,對(duì)文章分析不透,忽視特定語境中知識(shí)的運(yùn)用,以致處于應(yīng)付的狀態(tài),做題能力得不到提升,這就要求學(xué)生不僅擁有扎實(shí)牢固的基礎(chǔ),還要有一定的閱讀能力與速度,以及綜合邏輯與思維。當(dāng)然,良好的心理素質(zhì)是必須的,在做完形填空中做到“信息常識(shí);上下呼應(yīng);搭配譴辭;邏輯貫通?!??!蛎}點(diǎn)1記敘文◎命題點(diǎn)2人物故事◎命題點(diǎn)3夾敘夾議◎命題點(diǎn)4說明夾敘述◎命題點(diǎn)5說明文◎命題點(diǎn)6議論文本類考題解答錦囊完形填空是一項(xiàng)綜合性較強(qiáng)的試題,它往往被考生視為“老大難”題目。因?yàn)樗粌H考查學(xué)生的語言、語法知識(shí),而且還考查學(xué)生的英語背景知識(shí),以及綜合運(yùn)用語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的能力。完形填空??疾榭忌韵缕邆€(gè)方面:1.同義或近義詞的辨析。2.詞組固定搭配。3.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。4.代詞的復(fù)指。5.主謂一致性(包括名詞單復(fù)數(shù)問題)。6.判斷上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。7.閱讀理解(包括日常常用知識(shí))。完形填空在高考中占有很大的比例;做好這道題是能否獲取高分的關(guān)健。那如何做到準(zhǔn)確,迅速地“完形”呢?概括有如下三個(gè)步驟:一、泛讀一通讀全文,抓住主旨有的同學(xué)總是急于求成,想要一步到位,或是由于原文設(shè)置空格所造成的理解障礙,擔(dān)心通讀全文不但抓不住大意還浪費(fèi)時(shí)間,未通覽全文即邊讀邊填,結(jié)果是就句論句,無法形成連貫的思路,或是“見木不見林”,理解偏離文章的中心,欲速則不達(dá)。大家首先要克服不良心理,滿懷信心,全神貫注,目光越過空格,注意把握短文的整體內(nèi)容。任何短文都是圍繞一個(gè)特定的中心話題展開,抓住了話題便可“舉目為綱”掌握短文的脈絡(luò);同時(shí)可以避免思維斷線或漂浮不定,從而準(zhǔn)確、迅速地“完型”。在通讀全文的過程中,力求對(duì)文章的整體內(nèi)容有個(gè)基本的認(rèn)識(shí),明確主題思想,認(rèn)識(shí)文章結(jié)構(gòu),了解文章的層次(完形填空所給的短文一般是從交待背景開始,漸次推進(jìn),直至高潮,然后結(jié)局,環(huán)環(huán)相扣,條理十分清楚。)要想抓住主旨,關(guān)鍵在于首尾句。文章首句一般不設(shè)空,為一個(gè)完整的句子,通過此窗口,可掌握一些信息,如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物等,尾句為一篇文章總結(jié),點(diǎn)睛之筆,由此可從整體上感知全文,進(jìn)而理解全文。二、精讀一細(xì)讀全文,綜合考慮,選出最佳詞不離句,句不離文。針對(duì)任何一個(gè)選項(xiàng),都要著眼于該選項(xiàng)所在句,并且要瞻前顧后,不僅僅考慮語法、句型、習(xí)慣用法、固定搭配等,還需要根據(jù)不同場合、不同人、不同的文化習(xí)俗,對(duì)生活常識(shí)的積累以及語感,文章的前后推論與照應(yīng),理清脈絡(luò),仔細(xì)推敲,去偽存真,選出最佳答案,切忌走馬觀花,斷章取義,應(yīng)付對(duì)待??煽偨Y(jié)如下:1.在理解全文內(nèi)容的大前提下,根據(jù)上下文相關(guān)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行判斷選擇,不要只考慮本句的意思需要和備選答案。例如:典型例題Givegirlschanceto55,andtheywillA.thinkB.succeedC.perfOrmD.feel答案且要確定這個(gè)答案必須理解全篇的內(nèi)容,體會(huì)到作者寫這篇短文的目的是通過講自己喜愛沖浪而使人們認(rèn)識(shí)到女孩可以做男孩所做的事,告訴人們要給女孩成功的機(jī)會(huì),她們一定能成功。我們在做完形填空時(shí),常會(huì)有這種感覺,開頭幾個(gè)空填不上,或者說不讀完全文,無法填空,這時(shí)切記冷靜,克服急躁恐懼心理,那么不妨?xí)簳r(shí)放過這幾個(gè)空,繼續(xù)往下,先易后難,隨著閱讀逐漸展開,逐漸入境根據(jù)下文的字里行間,直接或間接地找到所需要的信息,待全文填完,很清楚的情況下,剩下的難題就可做出,有一種“豁然開朗”之感,而不是“似懂非懂”。本類考題解答錦囊2.根據(jù)邏輯推理,從常識(shí)和常規(guī)的角度去考慮。例如:典型例題ThefeelinglgetwhenI’msurhngacrossthat44,becomingonewiththe45,islikeI’mweightless.A.beachB.waterc.boardD.1ake答案B根據(jù)常識(shí)可判斷出沖浪是在水面上進(jìn)行的。45.A.skyB.worldC.earthD.ocean答案D沖浪是在海洋中進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。作者感到自己與海洋成為了一體。3.從詞語意義辨析方面進(jìn)行選擇。例如:(NMET,典型例題ertheyears,thestoryoftheYctishas41.A.developedD.ChangedC.occurredD.continued答案D根據(jù)這四個(gè)詞的意思和上下文的內(nèi)容可確定選項(xiàng)D是正確答案。4.從習(xí)慣用法、固定搭配的角度去考慮。例如:典型例題Yousee,IdealtoutmylOckerbecauseldidn'twanmess(臟亂)50anyoneelse.A.overD.intoC.withD.for答案Dleavesth.forsb.把某物留給某人。我不想把臟亂留給別人。leaveover省去,略去;1eavesth.withsb.把某物交給某人。5.善于總結(jié)概括全文內(nèi)容,根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行選擇。例如:IknowthenthatAmyandIwouldbe50andmyfirstyearofcollegeWOUldbeasuccess.A.sistersD.friendsCstudentsD.fellOW答案B從全文內(nèi)容很容易排除選項(xiàng)A和D。根據(jù)Amy的熱情接待,作者預(yù)感到她與Amy會(huì)成為朋友。6.根據(jù)文章背景的意思需要,從語言結(jié)構(gòu)上進(jìn)行選擇。例如:Irealizedthat53Ihadddonethat,Iwuolddhavelostanewfriendandmisseda11thefunwewouldhavetogether.A.beforeB.ifC.whileD.a(chǎn)s答案B根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞是虛擬語氣可判斷出應(yīng)用if填寫。在表示過去的虛擬語氣中,if從句用had+過去分詞,主句用would(could)+havedone.7.注意英漢兩種語言的差異,不能簡單地互譯,據(jù)語感選擇答案。出題者深知學(xué)生在英語學(xué)習(xí)過程中的弱點(diǎn),往往從母語的角度設(shè)置干擾項(xiàng)來增加試題的難度,考查學(xué)生的基本功和靈活運(yùn)用能力,所以在平常的學(xué)習(xí)中,要逐漸培養(yǎng)自己的“語感”不要受母語的影響。這就需要較高的閱讀能力和閱讀技巧,是在大量閱讀、科學(xué)訓(xùn)練的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的一種能力。三、驗(yàn)證——帶入答案,復(fù)查全文把答案填入空白處,恢復(fù)短文的原貌,重新閱讀全文,注重全丈是否連貫,語言是否精確,對(duì)因逐句理解而造成的片面錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行調(diào)整,注重所選的是最佳答案而不是“正確”答案,必要時(shí)進(jìn)行調(diào)整,切忌流于形式。常有同學(xué)做完完形填空后,便草草收?qǐng)?,結(jié)果讓一些疏忽導(dǎo)致不該犯的錯(cuò),造成試卷中的遺憾,所以最后一步尤為重要。綜上所述,完形填空雖然難度較大,考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用英語知識(shí)的能力,得高分較難,這就要學(xué)生了解高考完形填空的命題特點(diǎn),并掌握此題的技巧,在平日訓(xùn)練中有的放矢,在熟練掌握語言、詞匯、語法等扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和基本技能之上,在科學(xué)的訓(xùn)練之上,及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)不足,及時(shí)總結(jié),相信大家就能提高運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)解決實(shí)際問題的能力,在做題時(shí)就能得心應(yīng)手,事半功倍,馬到成功。******************************************************結(jié)束SpringtimeinParisDepartures:May5,12,19andJune94daysfor$129perpersonParisintheSpringtimewas,isandalwayswillbe,somethingratherspecial.Whynotexperienceitforyourselfwiththisexcellentbreakforfourdays?Thisattractivecityhassomethingtooffereveryoneandwithpricesatjust$129.It'sgreatvaluetoo.Yourbreakbeginswithexecutivecoach(長途公共汽車)transfer(中轉(zhuǎn))fromregional(各地的)pick-uppointsandtraveltoParisisviacross-channelferry(渡船),arrivingatyourhotelintheevening.TheIbisisanexcellentqualityhotelwithprivatefacilitiesinallrooms:satelliteTV,radio,telephoneandalarmclock.IthasabarandarestaurantandissituatedabouttwomilessouthofNotreDameenablingyoutoexplorePariswithease.Thefollowingday,aftercontinentalbreakfast(included),thecoachtakesyouonacomprehensivesightseeingtourofthecity,duringwhichyouwillseetheEiffelTower,ChampsElysees,L'ArcdeTriomphe,theLouvre,infactalmosteveryfamouslandmarkyouwilleverhaveheardof.YouthenleaveParisandtakeashortdrivetothemagnificentPalaceofVersailles,thehomeofLouisXIV.Thetourendsmid-afternoonbackinPariswhereyouwillhavetheremainderofthedayatyourleisure.Intheeveningthereisa‘ParisByNight’tourshowingyouthebeautifulbuildingswithbrightlights.DaythreetakesyoutoMontmartre,perhapsthemostpicturesquequarterofParisandhomeoftheSacreCoeurandtheMoulinRouge.Intheafternoonyouarefreetoexplorethisbeautifulcityasyouwish,perhapsapleasurevoyageontheRiverSeine,wanderaroundthepicturesquegardensorlookthroughamongtheantiqueshops(古玩店).Intheeveningyouwillhavetheopportunitytovisitthebestnight-clubinthecity,thesplendidPatin.Onthefinaldayit'sbacktotheUKviachannelferry.Includedinthepriceof$129perperson:*ReturnexecutivecoachtraveltoParis;*Returnferrycrossings;*ThreenightsaccommodationinatwinbeddedroominaCentralParishotelwithprivatefacilities;*Continentalbreakfastduringyourstay;*Guidedsightseeingtourof“ParisByDay”and“ParisByNight”;*VisittoChateauofVersailles(admissionnotincluded);*TouronMontmartre;*Servicesofanexperiencedbilingualtourguideatalltimes.1.Thisadvertisementismainly________.A.totelltouriststheroutetoParisB.toshowthepriceoftravelingtoParisC.tointroducethecityofParisD.toattracttouriststoParis2.DuringthestayinParis,thetouristswill________.A.haveafreetimeofhalfdayB.havea“ParisByNight”onthefirsteveningC.haveapleasurevoyageontheRiverSeinetogetherD.liveinahoteltwomilesawayfromParis3.Theunderlinedword“quarter”isusedinthetexttoreferto________.A.a(chǎn)periodoftimeB.districtC.fourthpartD.exhibition4.Afterpaying$129,thetouristswillhavetopay________inParis.A.thecontinentalbreakfastsB.touronMontmartreC.a(chǎn)dmissiontickettoChateauofVersaillesD.servicesofabilingualtourguide5.Welearnfromthetextthat________.A.thetouristscantelephoneinIbiswithoutpayingB.thetouristswillspendthenightinParadisLatinonthethirddayC.PalaceofVersaillesisnotinthecenterofParisD.itwilltakeyoualongtimetogettoMontmartrefromParis**************************************************************結(jié)束Today,there’shardlyanaspectofourlifethatisn’tbeingupendedbythetonsofinformationavailableonthehundredsofmillionsofsitescrowdingtheInternet,nottomentionitsabilitytokeepusinconstanttouchwitheachothervia/throughelectronicmail.“Iftheautomobileandaerospacetechnologyhadexplodedatthesamepaceascomputerandinformationtechnology,”saysMicrosoft,“anewcarwouldcostabout$2andgo600milesonasmallquantityofgas.AndyoucouldbuyaBoeing747forthecostofapizza.”Probablythebiggestpayoff,however,isthebillionsofdollarstheInternetissavingcompaniesinproducinggoodsandservingfortheneedsoftheircustomers.NothinglikeithasbeenseensincethebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolution,whenpower-drivenmachinesbeganproducingmoreinadaythanmencouldturnoutinnearlyayear.“WeviewthegrowthoftheInternetande-commerceasaglobaltrend,”saysMerrillLynch,“alongthelinesofprintingpress,thetelephone,thecomputer,andelectricity.”Youwouldbehardpressedtonamesomethingthatisn’tavailableontheInternet.Consider:books,healthcare,movietickets,constructionmaterials,babyclothes,stocks,cattlefeed,music,electronics,antiques,tools,realestate,toys,autographsoffamouspeople,wineandairlinetickets.Andevenafteryou’vemovedontoyourfinalrestingplace,there’snoreasonthoseyoulovecan’tkeepintouch.AcompanycalledFinalThoughts.comoffersaplaceforyoutostore“afterlifee-mails”youcansendtoHeavenwiththehelpofa“guardianangel”.KidstodayaresocomputerliteratethatitinfactensurestheUnitedStateswillremaintheunchallengedleaderincyberspacefortheforeseeable(能預(yù)測的)future.Nearlyallchildreninfamilieswithincomesofmorethan$75,000ayearhavehomecomputers,accordingtoastudybytheDavidandLucilePackardFoundation.Youngstersfromages2to17atallincomelevelshavecomputers,with52%ofthoseconnectedtotheInternet.Mostkidsusecomputerstoplaygames(somefor30hoursormoreaweek),andmanyteenagegirlsthinknothingofrushinghomefromschooltohavee-mailchatswithfriendstheyhavejustleft.What’sclearisthat,whetherwelikeitornot,theInternetisanevergrowingpartofourlivesandthereisnoturningback.“TheInternetisjust20%invented,”sayscyberpioneerJakeWinebaum.“Thelast80%ishappeningnow.”10.WhatcanwelearnfromtheMicrosoft’sremark? A.Today’scarsandairplanesareextremelyoverpriced. B.Informationtechnologyisdevelopingatanamazingspeed C.Informationtechnologyhasreachedthepointwhereimprovementisdif

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