北大有機(jī)有機(jī)含氮化合物

2022/12/31Chapter13OrganicCompoundsContainingNitrogen有機(jī)含氮化合物硝基化合物酰胺腈肟胺重氮和偶氮化合物

2022/12/31含氮有機(jī)物硝基化合物NitroCompunds酰胺Amides腈Nitriles肟Oximes胺Amines重氮和偶氮化合物DiazoniumSalts&Azocompounds2022/12/31Amine(胺)NH3

胺(Amine)

銨銨鹽(AmmoniumSalt)

氨(Ammonia)

季胺鹽(QuaternaryAmmoniumSalt)2022/12/31根據(jù)N上所連烴基的種類脂肪胺芳香胺芳脂胺CH3NH2一.Classification&Naming:2022/12/31根據(jù)N上所連烴基的數(shù)目RNH2R2NHR3NR4N+1°胺（伯胺）PrimaryAmines2°胺（仲胺）SecondaryAmines3°胺（叔胺）TertiaryAmines4°胺（季銨鹽)QuaternaryAmmoniumSaltClassification&Naming2022/12/31根據(jù)分子中胺基的數(shù)目一元胺多元胺胺的分級(jí)與鹵代烴、醇不同！(CH3)3C-OH3°醇(CH3)3C-NH21°胺Classification&Naming3o鹵代烴2022/12/31(CH3)2NHdimethylamineaniline苯胺N-methylanilineCH3-NH2methylamine

甲（基）胺CH3CH2NH2ethylamine乙胺Classification&Naming2022/12/313-胺甲基-2-N,N-二甲胺基己烷C6H5NH3+Cl-氯化苯銨Classification&Naming3-(N-乙胺基)庚烷2-氨基乙醇-(N-甲胺基)丙酸對(duì)氨基苯磺酸氯化四甲銨硫酸乙銨2022/12/31二.Structure&Isomerism:SP32022/12/31SP3SP3“SP2”Structure&Isomerism2022/12/31胺的對(duì)映體的轉(zhuǎn)變構(gòu)型翻轉(zhuǎn)，能壘較低，翻轉(zhuǎn)速度較快N上不同的取代手性氮對(duì)映異構(gòu)體？—自動(dòng)外消旋化，不可拆分Structure&Isomerism2022/12/31氮在環(huán)內(nèi)，翻轉(zhuǎn)受阻季銨鹽不能進(jìn)行氮的翻轉(zhuǎn)

可分離出穩(wěn)定的旋光異構(gòu)體胺的對(duì)映體的轉(zhuǎn)變Structure&IsomerismTroger堿S-R-形成N氧化物，不能翻轉(zhuǎn)

2022/12/31三.PreparationofAaminesPreparationbyNucleolicSubstitution1、胺的烷基化1°胺2°胺3°胺4°胺反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物復(fù)雜如何控制產(chǎn)物在1°胺？采用該法合成胺，哪一種鹵代烷不適用？芳香胺2022/12/31PreparationofAamines3、Gabriel合成法制備1°胺2、芳香鹵代烴的胺解2022/12/31PreparationofAaminesPreparationbyReduction1.硝基化合物1°胺2.腈3.酰胺4.肟5.AlkylAzide疊氮物2022/12/31PreparationofAamines6、羰基化合物的還原胺化(ReductiveAmination)NH31°胺1°胺2°胺2°胺3°胺1°胺的二甲基化2022/12/31PreparationofAaminesPreparationbyRearrangements1、HofmannRearrangements（Hofmann重排，降解）異氰酸酯機(jī)理2022/12/31PreparationofAaminesR-2-甲基丁酰胺R-2-甲基丁胺三元環(huán)過渡態(tài)構(gòu)型保持SN2Stereochemistry2022/12/31PreparationofAamines2、Curtius&SchmidtRearrangements酰疊氮化合物CurtiusSchmidt2022/12/31PreparationbyMannichrea