山東省濱州市2022-2023學年高二上學期期中考試英語試題 （含答案解析）

試卷第=page1010頁，共=sectionpages1111頁試卷第=page1111頁，共=sectionpages1111頁山東省濱州市2022-2023學年高二上學期期中考試英語試題學校:___________姓名：___________班級：___________考號：___________一、閱讀理解Canyouregainthethrillofreadingthatyouexperiencedasachild?Timetodustoffsomeofthebestchildhoodclassicseverwritten.HeidibyJohannaSpyriThisisthestoryoffive-year-oldHeidi,anorphan(孤兒)whoissenttolivewithherroughgrandfatherintheSwissAlpsandcharmseveryoneshemeetswithhersunnypersonality-fromthescarygrandfathertoPetertheshepherd,hisblindgrandmotherand,infact,thegoats.WhatKatyDidbySusanCoolidgeIttellsthestoryofrebellious(叛逆的)KatyCarrandherviolentbrothersandsistersrunningrelativelywild,despitethebesteffortsoftheirfatherandlong-sufferingaunt.Therearealotoflifelessonsprovidedinthesepagesbutit’sneverhigh-handed,alwaysgentleandquietlyinspiring.TheStoryofHollyandIvybyRumerGoddenThisstoryisaboutmagic,Christmasandthepowerofmakingwishes.TheseriesofeventsthatbringHollyandIvytogetherwouldn’tstandupinreallifeforanano-second,butthestoryissomovinglytoldthateverytimeyoureadit,yourfaithisrestoredinthewonderofChristmas-atimewhendreamscometrueandwonderscanhappen.TheFlightoftheDovesbyWalterMackenItpresentsthefast,crazyandhair-raisingjourneyoforphanedbrothersandsistersFinnandDervalDove,ontherunacrossEnglandtoescapethecontroloftheirevilstepfatherandreachtheirbelovedIrishgrannyinthewestofIreland.1．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhatKatyDid?A．Wild.B．Violent.C．Abstract.D．Encouraging.2．WhatkindofbookisTheStoryofHollyandIvy?A．Afolktale.B．AfantasystoryC．Alegendstory.D．Asciencefiction3．WhatdoHeidiandTheFlightoftheDoveshaveincommon?A．Theytellaboutabadfather.B．TheirstorieshappeninBritain.C．Theyareaboutafrighteningtrip.D．Theirmaincharactersloseparents.FrederickBantinghatedschool.HavinggrownuponafarmnearAlliston,Ontario,Fredwasagoodworkerbutfeltuncomfortableandunacceptedinatownschool.Aftergraduation,hebeganstudiestobecomeaminister.Whenthatdidnotgowell,hechangedhisgoaltomedicine.WorldWarIarrived,andthegreatneedforfieldmedics(救護人員)resultedintheearlygraduationofFred.Afterthewar,theyoungCanadiandoctorreturnedhometosetuphispractice.Justthenhebegantofocusonarticlesondiabetes(糖尿病),adiseasethathadclaimedthelifeofaneighbour’schild.Tosolvetheproblemofthisdisease,FredapproachedDr.J.J.R.MacleodattheUniversityofTorontoandeventuallyconvincedDr.Macleodtosupporthim.In1920,FredhappilyenteredapoorlyequippedlaboratoryandwasgivenayoungassistantnamedCharlesBest.FredandCharlesworkeddayandnight,butearlyresultsinproducingthehormone(激素)preparationtheycalledinsulin(胰島素)werediscouraging.Manyoftheanimalstheytreateddied.Finallyoneanimalsurvivedforseveralweeks.Theteamappearedtobefinallygettingsomewhere,anditwastimetomoveontohumansubjects.Beforetreatinghumanpatients,however,FredandCharlestestedthesafetyoftheirinsulineachother.Theirtestswereatriumph.Thefirstpatienttobetreatedwasafourteen-year-oldboynamedLeonard.Theyearwas1921.Thepoorboyweighedonlyseventy-fivepounds,andhewasbarelyalive.ButthenewinsulintreatmentadministeredbyFredandCharleswasagreatsuccess.Leonardgainedweight,andhishealthdramaticallyimproved.In1923,theNobelPrizeinmedicinewasawardedjointlytoCanadiandoctorsFrederickBantingandJ.J.R.Macleod.Fredcouldhavemadehimselfamillionairewithhisdiscovery.Instead,hesoldhispatentfortheproductionofinsulintotheUniversityofToronto-foronedollar-sothatthedrugcouldbemarketedcheaplyandthousandsoflivescouldbesavedandimproved.ThankstoFred,diabeticsareabletolivenormalliveswherebeforeitwasimpossible.4．WhatdoesparagraphIfocuson?A．WhyFredgraduatedearly.B．HowFredtookuptheresearch.C．WhyFredchangedhislifegoal.D．WhatFredexperiencedinthewar.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“triumph”meaninparagraph2?A．Victory.B．Reference.C．Challenge.D．Demonstration.6．WhydidFredsellhispatent?A．Tomakemoney.B．Toearnreputation.C．Tobenefitpatients.D．Topromoteinsulin.7．Whichofthefollowingisprobablythebesttitleforthetext?A．ASuccessfulTestB．AFamousDoctorC．AnUnlikelyHeroD．AGreatDiscoveryThedebateoverwhichisthetrueoceantoppredator(捕食者)hasfinallybeenputtobed，afterscientistsreleasedthefirst-evervideostudyofkillerwhaleshuntingandkillinggreatwhitesharksoffthecoastofSouthAfrica.ThisweekscientistsfromRhodesandStellenboschuniversitiesinSouthAfricareleasedextendeddrone(無人機)andhelicoptervideosshotduringthesummerthatprovidesunanswerableproofthatkillerwhalesusetheirfamouspackhuntingskillstocatchandfeedonthelargestsharkspecies.Thevideosshowsthreekillerwhalesencirclingandeventuallykillingagreatwhiteshark.Studyauthorssayatleastthreesharkswerekilledbythesmallgroupduringanhour-longhunt.Killerwhaleshavebeenrecordedcatchingandfeedingonothersharkspeciesandin2019videosappearedofagroupkillingahealthyadultbluewhaleestimatedtomeasurebetween18and22metersinlength.“Theirgrouphuntingmethodsmakethemunbelievablyeffectivepredators,”saidmarinemammalspecialistSimonElwen,whoco-authoredthestudy.Weighingupto9tonsandarmedwithlargeconical(圓錐形的)teeth，thekillerwhales’impressiveorganstructureaidsinbattlesagainstdangerousandoversizedenemies.ButitisintelligenceandcooperativebehaviorthatgivesthespeciesitsrealedgeoverthecompetitionTheso-calledkaratechop(空手道)isafavoredtechniqueinsharkhunting,bywhichthewhalewillgivepowerfultailstrikestotheheadofthefish.Killerwhalesthenturnoverthesharkontoitsback，makingtheprey(獵物)inactiveanddefenseless.Killerwhalesindifferentregionsshowpreferencefordifferentpreyanimals,suggestingthatsomehuntingtechniquesarelearnedbehaviorspasseddownthroughthegenerations.Somecommunitiespreferfeedingonschoolsofsalmonandherringwhileothersmightmainlytargetseals.8．Whichofthefollowingwaspreviouslythoughttobetherealoceantoppredators?A．Theseal.B．Theblueshark.C．Thekillerwhale.D．Thewhiteshark.9．Whydoestheauthormentionthevideosin2019?A．Tomakecomparisons.B．Toprovidefurtherproof.C．Tointroducethetopic.D．Toexplaintheargument.10．Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytellus?A．Thewisdomofkillerwhales.B．Theadvantageskillerwhaleshave.C．Thebodystructureofkillerwhales.D．Thehuntingtechniqueskillerwhaleshave.11．Whatcanwelearnaboutkillerwhalesfromthelastparagraph?A．Theyliveingroups.B．Theyhavethesametaste.C．Theypassonhabitatstotheiryoung.D．Theyarebornwithgreathuntingskills.Thepopularityofsmartphonesmeansmostofusrelyonsmartphonesratherthanourmemorytokeeptrackofimportantinformation,suchasappointmentsorato-dolist.YetdespitefearsusersmaytocomeSufferfrom“digitaldementia(癡呆)”，findingtheirabilitytokeepinformationworsenstheyincreasinglyrelyondevicesasaformof“externalmemory”,astudyhasfoundtheoppositecouldbetrue.Storingcrucialpiecesofinformationonanelectronicdevicedoesnotrotyourmemoryskillsandcanactuallyboostyourabilitytorememberthingsyouwouldotherwiseforget.Researcherstook158volunteersagedbetween18and71andshowedthemupto12numberedcirclesonascreen.Someofthecircleswouldbrieflyappearpinkorbluebeforeallfadingtoayellowcolour,indicatingthattheyhadtobedraggedtoeitherthepinksideofthebluesideofthescreenatalaterpoint.Someofthecircleswereclassedas“highvalue”,someas“l(fā)owvalue”andsomeas“zerovalue”.Usershadtorememberwhichsideofthescreentodragthecirclestoinordertoearnpoints.Insomeoftheexperimentstheyhadtorelyontheirownmemories.Inothers,theycouldsetanelectronicreminderonadevice.Researchersfoundsubjectstendedtousedigitaldevicestostoreinformationaboutwhichwerethehighest-valuecircles.Thisledtoan18percentincreaseinaccuracywhenplacingthesecircles.Theyalsofound,totheirsurprise,usingelectronicremindersforhigh-valuecirclesledtoa27percentincreaseinaccuracywhendifferentiating(區(qū)分)frommemorybetweenthelowandzero-valuecircles,evenwhennoelectronicremindershadbeensetforthese.DrSamGilbert,fromUCL’sInstituteofCognitiveNeuroscience,said:“Theresultsshowthatextremalmemorytoolswork.Farfromcausing‘digitaldementia’,usinganextremalmemorydevicecanevenimproveourmemoryforinformationthatweneversavedelectronically.”12．Whatistheresultofthestudy?A．Cellphonesslowusdown.B．Cellphonesruinourhealth.C．Cellphonesleadtoaddiction.D．Cellphonesimprovememory.13．Howcouldthevolunteersearnpoints?A．Byputtingthecirclesinplace.B．Bytellingthevalueofthecircles.C．Byidentifyingthecolourofthecircles.D．Byrememberingthenumberofthecircles.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“these”refertoinparagraph3?A．Subjects.B．Thehigh-valuecircles.C．Digitaldevices.D．Thelowandzero-valuecircles.15．WhatisDrSam’sattitudetostoringinformationonanelectronicdevice?A．Critical.B．Unclear.C．Favorable.D．Objective.二、七選五Askingforhelpcanfeelscary.Wemayworrythattherequestwillberejectedorthatitwillbeaburdentothehelper.____16____Andafterward,theyoftenfeelbetterabouthavinghelpedthanweexpect.Scientistsconductedaseriesofsixexperiments.Altogether,morethan2,100peoplewereinvolvedintheresearch.Inoneexperiment,participantshadtoaskstrangerstotaketheirphotoatapublicbotanicalgarden.Inanother,participantsansweredquestionsabouttimeswhentheyhadeitheraskedfororgivenhelp.Researchershadthe“askers”guesshowthe“helpers”mightfeelabouttherequest.____17____Ineachexperiment,peoplewhoaskedforhelpunderestimatedthehelpers’willingnesstoassistandhowgoodtheywouldfeelafterward.____18____However,onlyfouroutof100peoplerefusedtotakethephoto,andthosewhodidtakeonesaidtheyfeltrelativelygoodaboutdoingthishelpfulactforastranger.____19____Aidingotherscancreatewhatisknownasa“helper’shigh”,reducingstressandprovidingasenseofmeaningandconnection.“Wefeelgoodmakingapositivedifferenceinotherpeople’slives,”saidXuanZhao,coauthorofthenewstudy.Despitethesebenefits,thestudyauthorssaidthataskers’fearsfunctionedlike“barriers”,stoppingthemfrommakingarequest.Theynotedthatthetypeofrequestandculturaldifferencescouldaffectthewaypeoplereact.Thestudy’sresultssuggest,however,thatpeopleareusuallyhappytolendahand.____20____Zhaosaidthisresearchshouldprovidesomereassurancebecause“youmightbereallyunderestimatinghowwillingothersaretohelp.”A．Theaskersexpressedratherdifferentopinions.B．Thentheyaskedthehelpershowtheyactuallyfelt.C．Studiesshowthathelpingsomeoneoutmakesbothfeelgood.D．Pastresearchhasshownthatdoingkindactscanboostpeople’shealth.E．Butnewresearchshowsthatpeoplearemorewillingtohelpoutthanwethink.F．Expertssaythatifaskingforhelpfeelsuncomfortable,itcanbeusefultopractice.G．Forexample,askersexpectedstrangerstofeelinconveniencedbyarequesttotakeaphoto.三、完形填空Adaughtercomplainedtoherfatherthatherlifewasmiserable.Shedidn’tknowhowshewasgoingto____21____it.Itseemedjustasoneproblemwassolved,anotheronesoon____22____.Shewasalwaysworriedand____23____offightingandstrugglingallthetime.Herfather,achef,tookhertothe____24____.Hefilledthreepotswithwaterand____25____eachonahighfire.Oncethewaterbegantoboil,heputpotatoes,eggsandgroundcoffeebeansintothepots____26____.Aftertwentyminuteshe____27____theburners.Heputthepotatoesandeggsinabowlanddishedthecoffeeoutintoacup.“Lookcloser”,heexplainedthepotatoes,theeggsandcoffeebeanshadeachfacedthesame____28____theboilingwater.However,eachone____29____differently.Thepotatobecame____30____andsoftinboilingwater.____31____beingfragile(易碎的),theeggbecamehardinside.However,thegroundcoffeebeanswere____32____.Aftertheywereexposedtotheboilingwater,theychangedthewaterand____33____somethingnew,whoserichsweetsmellmakespeople____34____Thefatherasked“Whentroubleknocksonyourdoor,areyouapotato,anegg,oracoffeebean?”Thesewordsmadethedaughterlostinthoughtandseemedtocast____35____onherattitudetolife.21．A．manage B．switch C．grasp D．defend22．A．poured B．followed C．integrated D．joined23．A．afraid B．fond C．aware D．tired24．A．restaurant B．market C．kitchen D．restroom25．A．struck B．placed C．pushed D．lifted26．A．impatiently B．separately C．totally D．accidentally27．A．turnedoff B．brokedown C．tookaway D．straightenedup28．A．aim B．setting C．choice D．trouble29．A．expanded B．reacted C．responded D．struggled30．A．big B．rotten C．weak D．fresh31．A．Apartfrom B．Asfor C．Insteadof D．Dueto32．A．secure B．strange C．similar D．unique33．A．linked B．tackled C．created D．added34．A．surprised B．excited C．amused D．addicted35．A．light B．doubt C．shadow D．attention四、用單詞的適當形式完成短文閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入一個單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。Yearsago,19-year-oldXieLeisaidgoodbyetoherfamilyandfriendsandboardedaplaneforLondon.Itwasthefirsttimethatshe____36____(leave)China.Tohelpwithher____37____(adapt)tothenewculture,XieLeichosetolivewithahostfamily,Whenshemissedhome,shefelt____38____(comfort)tohaveasecondfamily.Thefirsttimethatshehadtowrite____39____essay,hertutorexplainedthatshemustacknowledge____40____otherpeoplehadsaidifshecitedtheirideas.XieLeiwasconfusedbecauseshethoughtsheknew____41____(little)thanotherpeople.Atfirst,inclass,XieLeihadnoideawhattosay____42____whatsurprisedherwasthatshefoundherselfspeakingupinclassafterjustafewweeks.EverythingstrangebeforeappearsquitenormaltoXieLeinow.____43____(engage)inBritishculturehashelpedheralot.Aswellasstudyinghard,she____44____(involve)insocialactivities.BritishpeoplearefascinatedbyChinesecultureandeagertolearnmoreaboutit,sosheiskeen_____45_____(share)itwiththem.SheisactingasaculturalmessengerbuildingabridgebetweenChinaandtheUK.五、根據(jù)中英文提示填寫單詞46．Itiseasytop________(察覺)whenstudentsaredistractedinclass.(根據(jù)中英文提示填空)47．Ambitiousando________(樂觀的),theydon’tstopuntiltheyreachforthestars.(根據(jù)中英文提示填空)48．Scientistshavebeenpursuingvariouspossibilitiestosolvefoods________(短缺).(根據(jù)中英文提示填空)49．Thisisreallyani________(難以置信地)newareaintermsofdealingwithcomputercrime.(根據(jù)中英文提示填空)50．Manystudentshaves________(訂閱)tothemagazineandreceivedafreelimited-editionT-shirt.(根據(jù)中英文提示填空)六、邀請信51．假定你是李華，你校將舉辦第二屆“多彩中國”英語短視頻大賽，請給你校來自英國的留學生John寫封郵件，邀請他參賽。內容包括：1.比賽目的：2.作品要求;3.投稿地址(ColorfulChina＠)和截止日期。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應為80左右;2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。DearJohn,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Your,LiHua七、讀后續(xù)寫52．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。WhatGoesAroundComesAroundOnedayanoldladywastrappedonthesideoftheroadinthedimlight.Noonehadstoppedtohelpforthelasthourorso.Thenamanlookingpoorandhungrypulledupinfrontofhercarandgotout.Hecouldseethatshewasfrightened,standingoutthereinthecold.Hesaid,“I’mheretohelpyou,ma’am.Whynotwaitinthecarwhereit’swarm?Bytheway,mynameisBryanAnderson.”Well，allshehadwasaflattire，butforanoldlady，thatwasbadenough.Bryancrawled(蜷縮)underthecarlookingforaplacetoputhejack(千斤頂)，skinninghisfingersatimeortwo.Soonhewasabletochangethetire.Buthegotdirtyandhishandshurt.TheoldladytoldhimshewasfromSt.Louisandwasonlyjustpassingthrough.Shealreadyimaginedalltheawfulthingsthatcouldhavehappenedhadhenotstopped.Shecouldn’tthankhimenoughforcomingtoheraidandaskedhowmuchsheowedhim.Anyamountwouldhavebeenallrightwithher.Bryanjustsmiledandtoldherthatifshereallywantedtopayhimback,thenexttimeshesawsomeonewhoneededhelp,shecouldgivethatpersontheassistancetheyneeded.Bryanadded,“Andthinkofme.”Heneverthoughttwiceaboutbeingpaid.Hehadlivedhiswholelifethatway,anditneveroccurredtohimtoactanyotherway.Hewaiteduntilshestartedhercaranddroveoff.Afewmilesdowntheroadtheoldladysawasmalldirty-lookingrestaurant.Shewentinandorderedasimplemealpricedat5S.Thewaitresswastogivebirthtoherbabyinamonthbutshewasstillbusyclearingtables,fillingsugarbowlsandservingpeople.AtthatmomentsherememberedBryan.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右;2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。Afterfinishingthemeal,theoldladypaidwithone100Sbill._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Justthenthewaitressspottedsomemoremoneyandanoteonthetable._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第=page1212頁，共=sectionpages1212頁答案第=page1111頁，共=sectionpages1212頁參考答案：1．D

2．B

3．D【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了一些最好的童年經典著作。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WhatKatyDidbySusanCoolidge中的“Therearealotoflifelessonsprovidedinthesepagesbutit’sneverhigh-handed,alwaysgentleandquietlyinspiring.(在這些頁面上提供了許多人生課程，但它從來都不是專橫的，總是溫柔和安靜的鼓舞人心)”可知HeidiWhatKatyDid這本書是鼓舞人心的，故選D。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheStoryofHollyandIvybyRumerGodden中的“Thisstoryisaboutmagic,Christmasandthepowerofmakingwishes.(這個故事是關于魔法、圣誕節(jié)和許愿的力量的)”可知TheStoryofHollyandIvy是一本奇幻故事，故選B。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HeidibyJohannaSpyri中的“Thisisthestoryoffive-year-oldHeidi,anorphan(孤兒)(這是一個5歲的孤兒海蒂的故事)”和TheFlightoftheDovesbyWalterMacken中的“Itpresentsthefast,crazyandhair-raisingjourneyoforphanedbrothersandsistersFinnandDervalDove(這部電影講述了孤兒兄弟芬恩和德瓦爾·達夫的快速、瘋狂和令人毛骨悚然的旅程)”可知這兩部書的主人公都是孤兒，故選D。4．B

5．A

6．C

7．C【導語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了無名英雄Fred在一戰(zhàn)后投身于糖尿病研究，在Macleod博士的支持下研制出胰島素，并在1923年獲得諾貝爾獎。本可以成為百萬富翁，但最終Fred以一美元的價格賣掉了該專利，希望能讓更多的病人得到救治。4．主旨大意題。第一段“Aftergraduation,hebeganstudiestobecomeaminister.Whenthatdidnotgowell,hechangedhisgoaltomedicine.WorldWarIarrived,andthegreatneedforfieldmedics(救護人員)resultedintheearlygraduationofFred.Afterthewar,theyoungCanadiandoctorreturnedhometosetuphispractice.Justthenhebegantofocusonarticlesondiabetes(糖尿病),adiseasethathadclaimedthelifeofaneighbour’schild.(畢業(yè)后，他開始學習成為一名牧師。當事情進展不順利時，他把目標轉向了醫(yī)學。第一次世界大戰(zhàn)到來，對戰(zhàn)地醫(yī)生的巨大需求導致Fred提前畢業(yè)。戰(zhàn)爭結束后，這位年輕的加拿大醫(yī)生回到家中開始行醫(yī)。就在那時，他開始專注于糖尿病方面的文章，一種奪去鄰居孩子生命的疾病)”以時間順序講述了Fred畢業(yè)后的一系列發(fā)展：從學習成為牧師到戰(zhàn)地醫(yī)生再到最后開始研究糖尿病。所以第一段重點是Fred是如何開始從事這項（糖尿病）研究的。故答案為B。5．詞義猜測題。第二段“Theirtestswereatriumph.”中的Theirtests指代Fred和Charles在他們自己身上做的胰島素實驗。根據(jù)前一句“Beforetreatinghumanpatients,however,FredandCharlestestedthesafetyoftheirinsulineachother.(然而，在治療人類患者之前，F(xiàn)red和Charles相互測試了胰島素的安全性)”可知，在真正治療人類病人之前，他們首先要在自己身上做實驗查看效果。再根據(jù)第三段“ButthenewinsulintreatmentadministeredbyFredandCharleswasagreatsuccess.Leonardgainedweight,andhishealthdramaticallyimproved.(但Fred和Charles實施的新胰島素治療取得了巨大成功。Leonard體重增加，他的健康狀況顯著改善)”可知他們治療的第一個病人取得成功，由此推測出，F(xiàn)red和Charles在自己身上的實驗成功之后，他們才會真正去治療人類病人且取得成功。故劃線部分triumph是“成功”的含義。故答案為A。6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Instead,hesoldhispatentfortheproductionofinsulintotheUniversityofToronto-foronedollar-sothatthedrugcouldbemarketedcheaplyandthousandsoflivescouldbesavedandimproved.(相反，他以一美元的價格將自己的胰島素生產專利賣給了多倫多大學，這樣這種藥物就能廉價上市，挽救和改善成千上萬的生命)”可知Fred賣出專利的原因是想讓更多的病人得到救治，所以C選項“讓病人受益”符合題意。故答案為C。7．主旨大意題。文章主要講述了無名英雄Fred在戰(zhàn)后投身于糖尿病研究，在Macleod博士的支持下研制出胰島素，并在1923年獲得諾貝爾獎。本可以成為百萬富翁，但最終Fred以一美元的價格賣掉了該專利希望能讓更多的病人得到救治，所以C選項“一位難以置信的英雄”可以作為文章標題。故答案為C。8．D

9．B

10．B

11．A【導語】這是一篇新聞報道。主要報道了科學家們發(fā)布了首個虎鯨在南非海岸獵殺大白鯊的視頻研究后，關于哪一種是真正的海洋頂部捕食者的爭論終于平息了，即虎鯨才是真正的頂級捕食者。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Thedebateoverwhichisthetrueoceantoppredatorhasfinallybeenputtobed，afterscientistsreleasedthefirst-evervideostudyofkillerwhaleshuntingandkillinggreatwhitesharksoffthecoastofSouthAfrica.”(科學家們發(fā)布了首個虎鯨在南非海岸獵殺大白鯊的視頻研究后，關于哪一種是真正的海洋頂部捕食者的爭論終于平息了。)故可推知，大白鯊以前被認為是真正的海洋頂級捕食者。故選D項。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“ThisweekscientistsfromRhodesandStellenboschuniversitiesinSouthAfricareleasedextendeddroneandhelicoptervideosshotduringthesummerthatprovidesunanswerableproofthatkillerwhalesusetheirfamouspackhuntingskillstocatchandfeedonthelargestsharkspecies.”(本周，來自南非羅德大學和斯泰倫博斯大學的科學家發(fā)布了夏季拍攝的無人機和直升機視頻，提供了無可辯駁的證據(jù)，證明虎鯨利用它們著名的群體狩獵技能捕捉并捕食最大的鯊魚物種。)提到有證據(jù)證明，虎鯨是是真正的海洋頂端捕食者。再結合第三段“Killerwhaleshavebeenrecordedcatchingandfeedingonothersharkspeciesandin2019videosappearedofagroupkillingahealthyadultbluewhaleestimatedtomeasurebetween18and22metersinlength.”(虎鯨曾被記錄到捕食其他鯊魚物種，2019年出現(xiàn)了一群虎鯨殺死一頭健康成年藍鯨的視頻，據(jù)估計，成年藍鯨的體長在18至22米之間。)介紹2019年的視頻，故可推知，作者提到2019年的視頻是為了提供進一步的證據(jù)，證明虎鯨是真正的頂級捕食者。故選B項。10．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Theirgrouphuntingmethodsmakethemunbelievablyeffectivepredators,”saidmarinemammalspecialistSimonElwen,whoco-authoredthestudy.Weighingupto9tonsandarmedwithlargeconicalteeth，thekillerwhales＇impressiveorganstructureaidsinbattlesagainstdangerousandoversizedenemies.Butitisintelligenceandcooperativebehaviorthatgivesthespeciesitsrealedgeoverthecompetition.Theso-calledkaratechopisafavoredtechniqueinsharkhunting,bywhichthewhalewillgivepowerfultailstrikestotheheadofthefish.Killerwhalesthenturnoverthesharkontoitsback，makingthepreyinactiveanddefenseless.”(海洋哺乳動物專家西蒙·艾爾文是這項研究的合著者，他說：“它們的群體捕獵方式使它們成為令人難以置信的有效捕食者?！被ⅥL重達9噸，擁有巨大的圓錐形牙齒，令人印象深刻的器官結構有助于對抗危險和超大的敵人。但它的智慧和合作行為賦予了該物種在競爭中真正的優(yōu)勢。所謂的空手道斬是鯊魚捕獵中最受歡迎的技術，通過這種技術，鯨魚會用尾巴有力地擊打魚的頭部。然后虎鯨把鯊魚翻到它的背上，使獵物失去活動能力和防御能力。)可知，第四段主要告訴我們虎鯨的優(yōu)勢。故選B項。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Killerwhalesindifferentregionsshowpreferencefordifferentpreyanimals,suggestingthatsomehuntingtechniquesarelearnedbehaviorspasseddownthroughthegenerations.Somecommunitiespreferfeedingonschoolsofsalmonandherringwhileothersmightmainlytargetseals.”（不同區(qū)域的虎鯨對不同的獵物表現(xiàn)出偏好，這表明一些捕獵技巧是代代相傳的習得行為。一些群落更喜歡捕食成群的鮭魚和鯡魚，而另一些則主要以海豹為目標。）故可推知，從最后一段我們能了解到虎鯨是群居生活的。故選A項。12．D

13．A

14．D

15．C【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了將重要信息儲存在電子設備上并不會腐蝕人的記憶能力，反而能提高記住可能會忘記的東西的能力。12．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“astudyhasfoundtheoppositecouldbetrue.Storingcrucialpiecesofinformationonanelectronicdevicedoesnotrotyourmemoryskillsandcanactuallyboostyourabilitytorememberthingsyouwouldotherwiseforget(一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，事實可能恰恰相反。將重要信息儲存在電子設備上并不會腐蝕你的記憶能力，反而能提高你記住可能會忘記的東西的能力)”可知，這項研究的結果證明手機提高了記憶力。故選D。13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Usershadtorememberwhichsideofthescreentodragthecirclestoinordertoearnpoints(用戶必須記住將圓圈拖到屏幕的哪一邊才能獲得積分)”可知，志愿者通過把圓圈放到位來獲得分數(shù)。故選A。14．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Theyalsofound,totheirsurprise,usingelectronicremindersforhigh-valuecirclesledtoa27percentincreaseinaccuracywhendifferentiating(區(qū)分)frommemorybetweenthelowandzero-valuecircles(他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓他們驚訝的是，在區(qū)分低值圓和零值圓時，使用電子提醒對高值圓的準確率提高了27%)”以及“evenwhennoelectronicremindershadbeenset(即使沒有設置電子提醒)”可知，在區(qū)分低值圓和零值圓時，即使沒有設置電子提醒，使用電子提醒對高值圓的準確率也提高了27%。劃線處和D項：Thelowandzero-valuecircles(低值和零值圓)含義相近。故選D。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Farfromcausing‘digitaldementia’,usinganextremalmemorydevicecanevenimproveourmemoryforinformationthatweneversavedelectronically(使用極端的記憶設備不僅不會導致“數(shù)字癡呆”，甚至還能提高我們對從未通過電子方式保存的信息的記憶)”可知，DrSam’s對在電子設備上存儲信息的態(tài)度是贊成的。故選C。16．E

17．B

18．G

19．D

20．F【導語】本文為說明文。文章講述了科學家們進行了一系列實驗，參與者必須要求陌生人在公共植物園拍照。要么請求幫助，要么給予幫助。而研究的結果表明，人們通常樂于伸出援手。16．由前文“Wemayworrythattherequestwillberejectedorthatitwillbeaburdentothehelper.(我們可能會擔心請求會被拒絕，或者會給幫助者帶來負擔。)”和后文“Andafterward,theyoftenfeelbetterabouthavinghelpedthanweexpect.(之后，他們往往對幫助的感覺比我們預期的要好。)”可知，橫線處的句子要承上啟下，由擔心會被拒絕到比預期效果要好可以推測橫線處的句子表示轉折，E選項的but符合語境。故選E項。17．由前文“Inanother,participantsansweredquestionsabouttimeswhentheyhadeitheraskedfororgivenhelp.Researchershadthe“askers”guesshowthe“helpers”mightfeelabouttherequest.(在另一項研究中，參與者回答了有關他們何時請求或給予幫助的問題。研究人員讓“提問者”猜測“幫助者”對請求的感受。)”可知，橫線處的句子要與之承接，B選項的helpers與上文的helpers對應，符合語境。故選B項。18．由前文“Ineachexperiment,peoplewhoaskedforhelpunderestimatedthehelpers’willingnesstoassistandhowgoodtheywouldfeelafterward.

(在每個實驗中，尋求幫助的人都低估了幫助者的意愿以及他們之后的感覺有多好。)”和后文“However,onlyfouroutof100peoplerefusedtotakethephoto,andthosewhodidtakeonesaidtheyfeltrelativelygoodaboutdoingthishelpfulactforastranger.(然而，100人中只有4人拒絕拍照，而那些拍照的人說，他們覺得為陌生人做這個有用的行為相對較好。)”可知，橫線處的句子承上啟下，G選項的arequesttotakeaphoto與后文的refusedtotakethephoto相對應，符合語境。故選G項。19．由后文“Aidingotherscancreatewhatisknownasa“helper’shigh,“reducingstressandprovidingasenseofmeaningandconnection.(幫助他人可以創(chuàng)造所謂的“幫助者的快感”，減輕壓力并提供意義感和聯(lián)系感。)”可知，橫線處的句子要能夠引出下文，D選項的boostpeople’shealth和后文的reducingstressandprovidingasenseofmeaningandconnection相對應，符合語境。故選D項。20．由最后一段首句“Despitethesebenefits,thestudyauthorssaidthataskers’fearsfunctionedlike“barriers,”stoppingthemfrommakingarequest.(盡管有這些好處，研究作者說，提問者的恐懼就像“障礙”一樣，阻止他們提出要求。)”和前文“Thestudy’sresultssuggest,however,thatpeopleareusuallyhappytolendahand.(然而，該研究的結果表明