《研究生英語(yǔ)精讀教程》(第三版·上)課件

《研究生英語(yǔ)精讀教程》(第三版·上)《研究生英語(yǔ)精讀教程》(第三版·上)1UnitOneYouAreWhatYouThink1.Text2.Exercises3.SupplementaryReadingUnitOne2YouAreWhatYouThinkAndifyouchangeyourmind—frompessimismtooptimism—youcanchangeyourlifeClaipeSafranYouAreWhatYouThinkAndify3doughnutn..炸面圈clichén.ideaorexpressionthathasbeentoomuchusedandisnowoutdated;stereotypedphrase;triteexpression陳腔濫調(diào)scrutinizev..makeadetailedexaminationof細(xì)查，詳審；審視[1]Doyouseetheglassashalffullratherthanhalfempty?Doyoukeepyoureyeuponthedoughnut﹡,notuponthehole?Suddenlytheseclichés﹡arescientificquestions,asresearchersscrutinize﹡thepowerofpositivethinking.doughnutn..炸面圈[1]Doyou4[2]Afast-growingbodyofresearch—104studiessofar,involvingsome15000people—isprovingthatoptimism﹡canhelpyoutobehappier,healthierandmoresuccessful.Pessimism﹡leads,bycontrast,tohopelessness,sicknessandfailure,andislinkedtodepression﹡,lonelinessandpainfulshyness.optimism※n.beliefthatintheendgoodwilltriumphoverevil;tendencytolookuponthebrightsideofthings;confidenceinsuccess樂(lè)觀；樂(lè)觀主義pessimism※n.tendencytobelievethattheworstthingismostlikelytohappen,thateverythingisessentiallyevil悲觀；悲觀主義depression※n.beingsad;lowspirit沮喪，抑郁[2]Afast-growingbodyof5"Ifwecouldteachpeopletothinkmorepositively,"sayspsychologist﹡CraigA.AndersonofRiceUniversity①inHouston②，"itwouldbelikeinoculatingthemagainstthesementalills."psychologistn.心理學(xué)家，研究心理學(xué)者"Ifwecouldteachpeopletot6[3]"Yourabilitiescount,"explainspsychologistMichaelF.Scheier①ofCarnegieMellonUniversity②

inPittsburgh③,"butthebeliefthatyoucansucceedaffectswhetherornotyouwill."Inpart﹡,that'sbecauseoptimistsandpessimistsdealwiththesamechallengesanddisappointmentsinverydifferentways.inpart:tosomeextent在某種程度上[3]"Yourabilitiescount,"7[4]Take,forexample,yourjob.Inamajorstudy,psychologistMartinE.P①.SeligmanoftheUniversityofPennsylvania②

andcolleaguePeterSchulmansurveyedsalesrepresentativesattheMetropolitan﹡LifeInsuranceCo.Theyfoundthatthepositive-thinkersamonglongtimerepresentativessold37-percentmoreinsurancethandidthenegative-thinkers.Ofnewlyhiredrepresentatives,optimistssold20-percentmore.metropolitan※adj.oforinacapitalcity大城市的，大都會(huì)的，首府的[4]Take,forexample,your8[5]Impressed,thecompanyhired100peoplewhohadfailedthestandardindustrytest

buthadscoredhighonoptimism.Thesepeople,whomightneverhavebeenhired,sold10percentmoreinsurancethandidtheaveragerepresentative.[5]Impressed,thecompany9[6]Howdidtheydoit?Thesecrettoanoptimist'ssuccess,accordingtoSeligman,isinhis"explanatorystyle".Whenthingsgowrongthepessimisttendstoblamehimself."I'mnogoodatthis,"hesays,"Ialwaysfail."Theoptimistlooksforloopholes﹡.Heblamestheweather,thephoneconnection﹡,eventheotherperson.loopholen.wayofescapefromcontrol,esp.oneprovidedbycarelessandinexactwordingofarule（因措詞欠妥而造成的法規(guī)上的）漏洞connection※n.joiningorbeingjoined;pointwheretwothings連接；連接點(diǎn)；連接物[6]Howdidtheydoit?The10Thatcustomerwasinabadmood,hethinks.Whenthingsgoright,theoptimisttakescredit﹡whilethepessimistseessuccessasafluke﹡.credit※n.honour,approval,goodnameorreputation榮譽(yù)；贊許；好名聲fluken.somethingresultingfromafortunateaccident;luckystroke僥幸的結(jié)果；僥幸Thatcustomerwasinabadmoo11[7]CraigAndersonhadagroupofstudentsphonestrangersandaskthemtodonate﹡bloodtotheRedCross

.Whentheyfailedonthefirstcallortwo,pessimistssaid,"Ican'tdothis."Optimiststoldthemselves,"Ineedtotryadifferentapproach."[8]Negativeorpositive,itwasaself-fulfillingprophecy﹡."Ifpeoplefeelhopeless,"saysAnderson,"theydon'tbothertoacquiretheskillstheyneedtosucceed."donatev.give(egmoney)toacharity,etc.;contribute捐贈(zèng)；贈(zèng)送prophecy△n.poweroftellingwhatwillhappeninthefuture;statementthattellswhatwillhappen預(yù)言能力；預(yù)言[7]CraigAndersonhadagr12[9]Asenseofcontrol,accordingtoAnderson,isthelitmus﹡test

forsuccess.Theoptimistfeelsincontrolofhisownlife.Ifthingsaregoingbadly,heactsquickly,lookingforsolutions,forminganewplanofaction,andreachingoutforadvice.Thepessimistfeelslikefate'splaything﹡andmovesslowly.Hedoesn'tseekadvice,sinceheassumesnothingcanbedone.litmusn.bluecolouring-matterthatisturnedredbyacidandthenrestoredbyalkali;materialstainedwithlitmususedasatestforacidsandalkalis石蕊；試驗(yàn)酸和堿用的石蕊試紙playthingn.toy;(fig.)somebodytreatedasameretoy玩具；（喻）被玩弄取樂(lè)的人；玩物[9]Asenseofcontrol,accord13[10]Optimistsmaythinktheyarebetterthanthefactswouldjustify—andsometimesthat'swhatkeepsthemalive.Dr.SandraLevyofthePittsburghCancerInstitutestudiedwomenwithadvancedbreast﹡cancer.Forthewomenwhoweregenerallyoptimistic,therewasalongerdisease-freeinterval,thebestpredictorofsurvival.Inapilotstudyofwomenintheearlystagesofbreastcancer,Dr.Levyfoundthediseaserecurred﹡sooneramongthepessimists.breast※n.eitherofthemilk-producingpartsofawoman;chest;upperfrontpartofthehumanbody乳房；胸膛；胸部eorhappenagain;berepeated再來(lái)；再發(fā)生；重復(fù)

[10]Optimistsmaythinkth14[11]Optimismwon'tcuretheincurable,butitmaypreventillness.Inalongtermstudy,researchersexaminedthehealthhistoriesofagroupofHarvardgraduates,allofwhomwereinthetophalfoftheirclassandinfinephysicalcondition.Yetsomewerepositivethinkers,andsomenegative.Twentyyearslater,thereweremoremiddle-agediseases—hypertension﹡,diabetes﹡,heartailments﹡—amongthepessimiststhantheoptimists.hypertensionn.highbloodpressure高血壓diabetesn.diseaseofthepancreasinwhichsugarandstarchyfoodscannotbeproperlyabsorbed糖尿病ailmentn.illness疾病

[11]Optimismwon'tcureth15[12]Manystudiessuggestthatthepessimist'sfeelingofhelplessnessundermines﹡thebody'snaturaldefenses,theimmune﹡system.Dr.ChristopherPeterson①oftheUniversityofMichigan②hasfoundthatthepessimistdoesn'ttakegoodcareofhimself.underminev.weakenatthebase;weakengradually使從基礎(chǔ)損壞；逐漸削弱或損壞immune※adj.exemptfromorprotectedagainstsomethingdisagreeableorharmful;notsusceptibletosomespecifieddiseasebecauseofthepresenceofthespecificantibodies免除的；安全的；免疫的[12]Manystudiessuggestt16Feelingpassiveandunabletododge﹡life'sblows,heexpectsillhealthandothermisfortunes﹡,nomatterwhathedoes.Hemunches﹡onjunk﹡food，avoidsexercise,ignoresthedoctor,hasanotherdrink.dodgev.movequicklytooneside,changepositionordirection,inordertoescapeoravoidsomething;avoid(duties,etc.)bycunningortrickery躲閃，躲避，逃避misfortune※n.badluck;unfortunateaccidentorhappening不幸；災(zāi)禍；不幸事故munchv.chewwithmuchmovementofthejaw用力咀嚼；大聲咀嚼junkn.old,discardedthingsoflittleornovalue破爛物Feelingpassiveandunableto17[13]Mostpeopleareamixofoptimismandpessimism,butareinclinedinonedirectionortheother.Itisapatternofthinkinglearned“atyourmother‘sknee”，saysSeligman.Itgrowsoutofthousandsofcautions﹡orencouragements,negativestatementsorpositiveones.Toomany“don’ts”andwarningsofdangercanmakeachildfeelincompetent,fearful—andpessimistic.caution※n.warningwords;takingcare;payingattention(toavoiddangerormakingmistakes)警告；小心；謹(jǐn)慎[13]Mostpeopleareamix18[14]Astheygrow,childrenexperiencesmalltriumphs﹡,suchaslearningtotieshoelaces﹡.Parentscanhelpturnthesesuccessesintoasenseofcontrol,andthatbreedsoptimism.triumph△n.(joyorsatisfactionata)successorvictory成功；勝利；成功或勝利的喜悅shoelace※n.cordforfasteningtheedgesofashoe’suppers鞋帶[14]Astheygrow,children19[15]Pessimismisahardhabittobreak—butitcanbedone.Inaseriesoflandmark﹡studies,Dr.CarolDweck①oftheUniversityofIllinois②hasbeenworkingwith﹡childrenintheearlygradesofschool.landmarkn.objectthatmarkstheboundaryofapieceofland;(fig.)event,discovery,change,etc.thatmarksastageorturning-point界標(biāo)；(喻)劃時(shí)代的大事、發(fā)現(xiàn)等；里程碑workwith(someone):spendtimeandefforttryingtohelp(someone)insomeway對(duì)(某人)做工作以幫助[15]Pessimismisahardha20Asshehelpsfloundering﹡studentstochangetheexplanationsfortheirfailures—from"Imustbedumb﹡"to"Ididn'tstudyhardenough“—theiracademicperformanceimproves.flounderv.makeviolentandusuallyvainefforts(aswhenoneisindeepwaterandunabletoswim);(fig.)hesitate,makemistakes,whentryingtodosomething掙扎；(喻)躊躇或胡亂地做事dumbadj.unabletospeak;(UScolloquial)stupid;dull啞的；(美口)笨的；愚蠢的Asshehelpsfloundering﹡stud21[16]Pittsburgh'sDr.Levywonderedifturningpatientsintooptimistswouldlengthentheirlives.Inapilotstudy,twogroupsofcolon﹡-cancerpatientsweregiventhesamemedicaltreatment,butsomewerealsogivenpsychologicalhelptoencourageoptimism.Resultsshowedthatthisworked.Nowamajorstudyisplannedtodeterminewhetherthispsychological﹡changecanalterthecourseofthedisease.colonn.lowerandgreaterpartofthelargeintestine結(jié)腸psychological※adj.ofthemind;mental心理的[16]Pittsburgh'sDr.Levy22[17]So,ifyou'reapessimist,there'sreasonforoptimism.Youcanchange.Here'show,saysSteveHollon①,apsychologistatVanderbiltUniversity②:[18]1.Paycarefulattentiontoyourthoughtswhenbadthingshappen.Writedownthefirstthingthatcomestomind,uneditedanduncensored﹡.censor△v.examinebooks,periodicals,films,etc.tocutoutanythingregardedasimmoralorinotherwaysundesirable檢查并刪剪(書刊、電影等)被認(rèn)為不當(dāng)?shù)牟糠諿17]So,ifyou'reapessim23[19]2.Nowtryanexperiment.Dosomethingthat'scontrarytoanynegativereactions.Let'ssaysomethinghasgonewrongatwork.Doyouthink,Ihatemyjob,butIcouldnevergetabetterone?Actasifthatweren'tso.Sendoutresumés.Gotointerviews.Lookintotrainingandcheckjobleads.[19]2.Nowtryanexperime24[20]3.Keeptrackofwhathappens.Wereyourfirstthoughtsrightorwrong?"Ifyourthoughtsareholdingyouback,changethem,"saysHollon."It'strialanderror,noguarantees,butgiveyourselfachance."[20]3.Keeptrackofwhat25[21]Positivethinkingleadstopositiveaction,andreaction.Whatyouexpectfromtheworld,theevidencesuggests,iswhatyou'relikelytoget.[21]Positivethinkinglead26Exercises

Ⅰ.Comprehension

Ⅱ.Vocabulary

Ⅲ.Cloze

Ⅳ.Translation(EnglishtoChinese)Ⅴ.Translation(ChinesetoEnglish)

Ⅵ.WritingExercises27Ⅰ.ComprehensionAnswerthefollowingquestionsorcompletethefollowingstatementsbychoosingthebestalternativeA,B,CorDundereach.Youareallowed2minutes30secondsforthispart.1.Thosepeoplewho"keeptheireyeuponthedoughnutratherthanonthehole"_______.areconsideredpositive-thinkersbytheauthorarelikelytoseetheirglassashalfemptyviewtheirsuccessesandfailuresmoreobjectivelyhavesuddenlybecometheobjectofscientificresearchonclichésⅠ.ComprehensionAnswerthefol28Ⅰ.Comprehension2.Anoptimist_______.isalwaysincontrolofhisownlifeoftenoverestimateshisabilitiesmightlivelongerthanapessimistwhensufferingfromcertainillnesssuchascancerencountersdifferentchallengesanddisappointmentsfromapessimist3.Thepessimist________.A.seldomsucceedsinwhathedoesB.attributeshissuccesstoluckC.triesdifferentapproacheswhenhisfirstattemptfailsD.knowshowtotakegoodcareofhimselfⅠ.Comprehension2.Anoptimist294.TheMetropolitanLifeInsuranceCompanyhired100newemployeesbecause________.theyfailedthestandardindustrytesttheirhighscoresonoptimismimpressedthecompanytheywerenotlikelytobehiredbyothercompaniesthecompanywasimpressedbytheresultofastudydonebysomepsychologistsⅠ.Comprehension4.TheMetropolitanLifeInsur305.The100newemployees______.sold37%moreinsurancethantheaveragerepresentativessold20%moreinsurancethanthenegativethinkerssold10%moreinsurancethanlongtimerepresentativesprovedthattheycoulddobetteratsellinginsurancethanthecompany’saveragesalesrepresentativeⅠ.Comprehension5.The100newemployees_____316.AccordingtoSeligman,thesecrettoanoptimist’ssuccesscanbefoundin“hisexplanatorystyle”,bywhichhemeansthattheoptimist________.isabletoexplainmoreclearlytothecustomerssoundsmorepleasantinhisexplanationtriestofindfaultswithotherfactorsotherthaninhimselfforhisfailurehasmoreconfidenceinhimselfthaninothersⅠ.Comprehension6.AccordingtoSeligman,the327.Itcanbeinferredfromthearticlethattheauthorthinksthat_______.peoplewillbeabletopreventdepressionandpainfulshynessiftheylearntothinkmorepositivelybusinesscompaniesmightmakebetterjudgmentiftheytesttheattitudesoftheapplicantsinsteadofgivingthemthestandardindustrytestbeforehiringthemoneismorelikelytosucceedthenexttimeifoneisabletolayblamesonotherswhenonehasfailedone’sbeliefthatonecansucceedwillguaranteehissuccessⅠ.Comprehension7.Itcanbeinferredfromthe338.Whetherpositiveornegative,aperson’sattitudetowardslifeisathinkinghabit_______.inheritedfromeitherofhisparentsformedwhenheisveryyoungacquiredafterhehasgainedconsiderableexperiencenevertobegotridofⅠ.ComprehensionⅠ.Comprehension349.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?Mostpeoplecannotbeconvenientlyputunderthecategoryofoptimistorpessimist.Therearemorepositivethinkersamongoptimiststhanamongpessimists.Itisnotsureyetwhetherpsychologicaltreatmentwillhelpcancerpatients.Bylookingintotrainingopportunitiesandcheckingjobleads,apessimistwillbecomeanoptimist.Ⅰ.Comprehension9.Whichofthefollowingist3510.Whichofthefollowingisnotoneofthestepsmentionedbytheauthorinformingamorepositiveattitudetowardslife?A.Documentyourgloomythoughts.B.Dosomethingagainstyournegativeinclination.C.Recordwhathappens.D.Findthecausesforyourfailuremoreobjectively.Ⅰ.Comprehension10.Whichofthefollowingis36Ⅱ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.1.Thosewhobelievedtheirreligiousleader’sprophecythattheendoftheworldwouldcomesoonwentintoapanic.announcement B.forecast C.prediction D.declaration2.Itbecameobviouswhentheboyflounderedthroughtherecitationinclasstodaythathehadnottakenthetroubletodohishomework.meditated B.faltered C.contemplated D.staggeredⅡ.VocabularyA.Identifyone37Ⅱ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.3.Theteachertoldthestudentsthattheyshouldavoidusingclichésintheircomposition.A.popularproverbs B.well-knownstoriesC.famousquotations D.triteexpressions4.Afterlisteningtothesameoldmorallessonalltheseyears,thevillagersbecamealmostimmunetoit.A.insensitiveto B.fedupwithC.familiarwith D.accustomedtoⅡ.VocabularyA.Identifyone38Ⅱ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.5.Ican'tclaimcreditforherEnglishproficiency;afterall,sheonlycametomyclassthissemester.askformoney B.expectpaymentC.saythatIdeservepraiseD.declarethatIamgratefulⅡ.VocabularyA.Identifyone39Ⅱ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.6.Believeitornot,thispopularnovelnowyouseeoneveryshelfwascensoredonlyafewyearsago.officiallyexaminedandbanned B.despisedbythegeneralpublicC.soldoutsoonafteritspublication D.condemnedbythecriticsⅡ.VocabularyA.Identifyone40Ⅱ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.7.Thepartyleaderregardstheresultoftheelectionasapersonaltriumph.victory B.celebration C.satisfaction D.propaganda8.Theimmigrationofficerscrutinizedhispassportbeforehewasallowedtoleave.Stamped B.examined C.returned D.issuedⅡ.VocabularyA.Identifyone41Ⅱ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.9.Hesufferedalongperiodofdepressionbeforehisfirstsuicideattempt.Inoculation B.hypertension C.ailments D.dejection10.Hewasneverabletoenjoythemetropolitandelightsofcinemasandtheatres.artistic B.modern C.urban D.variousⅡ.VocabularyA.Identifyone42Ⅱ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.11.Hequickly_____behindthebuildingtoavoidbeinghurtbythestonesthrowninhisdirection.eluded B.evaded C.escaped D.dodged12.Hisdislikeofthecoursemayprovetobea_____barrierhecannotovercome.Biological B.ideological C.spiritual D.psychologicalⅡ.VocabularyB.Choosetheco43Ⅱ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.13.AstheCupFinalwasdrawingcloser,theinjuryofthebestplayerwasa_____forthewholeteam.misdemeanour B.mistrust C.misfortune D.mischief14.Thebestsolutiontotheproblemcanonlybefoundbyaprocessoftrialand_____.error B.mistake C.success D.experimentⅡ.VocabularyB.Choosetheco44Ⅱ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.15.Hethoughtthathemightbeabletoavoidpayingsomeofhistaxesbytakingadvantageofthe______inthelaw.A.circles B.loopholesC.exceptions D.misunderstanding16.Whenhelivedinthatremoteplace,radiowastheonlymeanshehadtokeep_____ofcurrenteventsinthecountry.account B.trace C.record D.trackⅡ.VocabularyB.Choosetheco45Ⅱ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.17.______whatisgenerallybelieved,theadjustmenttothiskindofworkisquiteeasy.Contraryto B.Contrastwith C.Controversialof D.Contradictoryto18.Theflashingredlightservedasa______ofdangerahead.predictor B.caution C.precaution D.preventionⅡ.VocabularyB.Choosetheco46Ⅱ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.19.Theirconfidenceinhimwasgreatly______byhisprolongedhesitationbeforetakinganyaction.appreciated B.confirmed C.undermined D.cherished20.Yourheadacheislikelyto______ifitsrealcauseisnotidentifiedandpropertreatmentadministeredaccordingly.cure B.recover C.recur D.releaseⅡ.VocabularyB.Choosetheco47Ⅲ.ClozeReadthepassagethroughandchooseonesuitablewordorphrasemarkedA,B,CorDforeachblankinthepassage."Nooneisfreewhoisaslavetothebody",wroteSemecasome1,900yearsago.1fromtheadvertisements,products,andbestsellersthatdelugeusdaily,weareanationofslaves.Weare2withbeingthin,beautiful,young,andsexy,andwewillgotoextraordinary3toapproachthoseideals.A.judge B.Judging C.Judged D.beingjudgedA.obsessedB.possessed C.absorbed D.occupiedA.troubles B.efforts C.lengths D.extremesⅢ.ClozeReadthepassagethrou48Ⅲ.CloseInarecentissueofPsychologyToday,weofferedreaderstheopportunitytoexpresstheirthoughtsandfeelingsaboutthe4.Thetopicwastimelyandtheresponse5:morethan62,000readersreturnedthe109-item"Body-Image"questionnaire.Buttheyweredividedand6onthematterof7importantattractivenessandphysicallooksare-orshouldbe.4.A.ideal B.mindC.bodyD.opinionA.overwhelming B.enthusiastic C.controversial D.contradictoryA.ambient B.Ambitious C.Ambiguous D.AmbivalentA.what B.why C.how D.whichⅢ.CloseInarecentissue49A8numberofpeoplewroteletterstoprotesta"wholesurvey"onthebody.Somesaidthatappearanceisasuperficialmatter,not9unduediscussion.Bycontrast,otherrespondents10,somereluctantly,theimportanceofone'sappearance.Inourstudies,wefoundthatbodyimageisstrongly11self-esteem,thegeneralfeeling12oneiscompetentandconfident.A.good B.many C.lot D.tremendousA.worthy B.unworthy C.worthwhile D.worthyofA.testified B.verified C.confessed D.acknowledgedA.linkedby B.associatedwith C.concernedabout D.relatedto12.A.that B.which C.of D.sinceA8numberofpeop50Peoplewhoarehappywiththeirbodiesmayactuallybemoreassertiveandlikeablethanthosewhohave13bodyimages.Ortheythinktheyare.Oneyoungmanexplainedthatinthelastyearhisbodyimagehaschangedverymuch14thebetter,asaresultofhispersonaldevelopment:"I'vegonefromconsideringmyselfsomesortofdumb-headto15thatI'mafascinatingindividualnearlyimpossibletodislike…IhavemorefriendsthanIknowwhattodowith."13.A.positive B.negative C.superficial D.satisfactory14.A.to B.for C.tobe D.into15.A.understanding B.believing C.regarding D.rememberingPeoplewhoarehappywit51Ⅳ.Translation(EnglishtoChinese)Istherea“successpersonality”—somewinningcombinationoftraitsthatleadsalmostinevitablytoachievement?Ifso,exactlywhatisthatsecretsuccessformula,andcananyonecultivateit?AttheGallupOrganizationwerecentlyfocusedindepthonsuccess,probingtheattitudesandtraitsof1500prominentpeopleselectedatrandomfromWho’sWhoinAmerica.Ⅳ.Translation(EnglishtoChi52Ⅳ.Translation(EnglishtoChinese)ThemaincriterionforinclusioninWho’sWhoisnotwealthorsocialposition,butcurrentachievementinagivenfield.Ourresearchpinpointsanumberoftraitsthatrecurregularlyamongtopachievers,amongwhichfiveofthemostimportantare:commonsense,knowingone’sfield,self-reliance,generalintelligence,andabilitytogetthingsdone.Ifyoucultivatethesetraits,chancesareyou’llsucceed.AndyoumightevenfindyourselflistedinWho’sWhosomeday.Ⅳ.Translation(EnglishtoChi53Ⅴ.Translation(ChinesetoEnglish)1.你對(duì)他說(shuō)的話不能為你這種行為辯護(hù)。(justify)2.你認(rèn)為他會(huì)因?yàn)橥鹘痰乃饺岁P(guān)系而免受宗教迫害嗎?(immunefrom)3.你對(duì)心理醫(yī)生的忠告采取什么態(tài)度會(huì)影響到你是否會(huì)再做惡夢(mèng)。(recur)4.樂(lè)觀主義者成功的秘訣在于他們是用積極的態(tài)度對(duì)待失望和失敗。Ⅴ.Translation(ChinesetoEng54Ⅴ.Translation(ChinesetoEnglish)5.悲觀主義者往往容易失敗，部分原因就是一個(gè)人對(duì)自己的看法常常是一種能夠自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的預(yù)言。(inpart)6.在幼兒的性格特征沒(méi)有來(lái)得及發(fā)展之前，他們的行為不如大多數(shù)成年人的行為那樣保持一致(consistent)。一個(gè)兒童行為的改變，可能表明他的注意力已因其活動(dòng)特點(diǎn)的不同而轉(zhuǎn)變。他的興趣總是集中在手頭的事情上。個(gè)性堅(jiān)強(qiáng)、興趣強(qiáng)烈的人能夠堅(jiān)持把自己正在做的事進(jìn)行下去，只有重大的環(huán)境變化才能干擾其行為的方向和目的。Ⅴ.Translation(ChinesetoEng55Ⅵ.WritingTitle:BreakingBadHabitsTimelimit:30minutesWordlimit:120～150wordsⅥ.WritingTitle:BreakingBad56Ⅰ.SupplementaryReadingⅡ.QuestionsSupplementaryReadingⅠ.SupplementaryReadingⅡ.Q57SupplementaryReadingTofeelbetter,youneedtothinkbetter

SayYestoYourself

JosephT.MartoranoandJohnP.KildahlSupplementaryReadingTofeelb58SupplementaryReading[1]It'stheclassicstorywithatwist:atravelingsalesmangetsaflattireonadark,lonelyroadandthendiscovershehasnojack.Heseesalightinafarmhouse.Ashewalkstowardit,hismindchurns:"Supposenoonecomestothedoor.""Supposetheydon'thaveajack.""Supposetheguywon'tlendmehisjackevenifhehasone."Theharderhismindworks,themoreagitatedhebecomes,andwhenthedooropens,hepunchesthefarmerandyells,"Keepyourlousyjack!“SupplementaryReading[159SupplementaryReading[2]Thatstorybringsasmile,becauseitpokesfunatacommontypeofself-defeatistthinking.Howoftenhaveyouheardyourselfsay:"NothingevergoesthewayIplanned.""I'llnevermakethatdeadline.""Ialwaysscrewup.“[3]Suchinnerspeechshapesyourlifemorethananyothersingleforce.Likeitornot,youtravelthroughlifewithyourthoughtsasnavigator.1)Ifthosethoughtsspellgloomanddoom,that'swhereyou'reheaded,becauseput-downwordssabotageconfidenceinsteadofofferingsupportandencouragement.SupplementaryReading[260SupplementaryReading[4]Simplyput,tofeelbetter,youneedtothinkbetter.Here'show:[5]1.Tuneintoyourthoughts.ThefirstthingSuesaidtohernewtherapistwas,"Iknowyoucan'thelpme,Doctor.I'matotalmess.Ikeeplousingupatwork,andI'msureI'mgoingtobecanned.JustyesterdaymybosstoldmeIwasbeingtransferred.Hecalleditapromotion.ButifIwasdoingagoodjob,whytransferme?"SupplementaryReading[461SupplementaryReading[6]Then,gradually,Sue'sstorymovedpasttheput-downs.ShehadreceivedherM.B.A.twoyearsbeforeandwasmakinganexcellentsalary.Thatdidn'tsoundlikefailure.[7]2)Attheendoftheirfirstmeeting,