常見(jiàn)的考研英語(yǔ)同義詞組

考研常見(jiàn)的英語(yǔ)同義詞組

在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)詞匯中，有時(shí)同義詞的辨析是很不容易的，我們一般從三方面進(jìn)行區(qū)分，即：語(yǔ)法、語(yǔ)義和文體。

語(yǔ)法主要是詞性、搭配、句式等的區(qū)分；

語(yǔ)義主要是詞義的本義、引申義、比喻義和內(nèi)涵和外延等的區(qū)分；

文體主要是正式和非正式、褒義和貶義等的區(qū)分。下面是筆者整理的50組同義詞。

1.路2.時(shí)代3.戰(zhàn)斗4.牧師5.服裝6.哭7.美麗,漂亮8.拉,拖9.旋轉(zhuǎn)10.生氣,氣憤11.錯(cuò)誤12.圖畫(huà)13.特別的14.取消,消滅15.破碎16.環(huán)境,形勢(shì)17.著名的18.強(qiáng)盜19.搖動(dòng),顫動(dòng)20.說(shuō)話(huà),談話(huà)21.事情,事件22.承認(rèn)23.走路24.跳25.特點(diǎn),特征

1.路

way:Whereverthereisroomforanobjecttoproceed,thereisaway.

road:Aroadisapreparedwayfortravelingwithhorsesorvehicles.

path:Awaysuitabletobetraveledonlybyfootpassengersorbyanimals.

route:Arouteisalineoftravel,andmaybeovermanyroads.

street:Astreetisinsomecentreofhabitation,asacitytownorvillage,whenitpassesbetweenhousesofdwellings.

avenue:Aavenueisalong,broadandimposing(壯嚴(yán))orprincipalstreet.

2.時(shí)代(期)(時(shí)期)

period:Itindicatesanypassageoftime,greatorsmall./anextentoftimeofanylength.

(時(shí)代)

time(s):Itreferstoaperiodinhistory.inancienttimes/inVictoriatime(新時(shí)代)

epoch:Itindicatesalongperiodoftimemarkedbyeventsordevelopmentofaparticularkind.

Thefirstflightintospacemarkedanewepochinthehistoryofmankind.

(紀(jì)元)

era:Itreferstoaverylongperiodoftimemarkedbyaparticularfeatureinagreatneweraofworldrevolution

(時(shí)期)

age:Itshowsaparticular/afairlydefiniteperiodinhistory.theBronzeAge,IronAge

3.戰(zhàn)斗(打仗)

fight:Itisabodilystruggle(奮斗斗爭(zhēng))

struggle:Aneffortofanykindtoovercomedifficulty.

(戰(zhàn)斗)battle:Afightbetweenarmedforces.

(戰(zhàn)役)campaign:Aseriesofrelatedmilitaryoperationsinawar.

(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng))war:Aperiodoffightbetweencountriesorstateswhen

weaponsareusedandmanypeoplearekilled.

(對(duì)抗)combat:Afight,conflict,controversy.

4.牧師(教士牧師)

priest:Aperson,esp.amanspeciallytrainedforvariousreligiousdutiesandceremonies,inthe

Christianchurch,heRomanCatholicchurch

(牧師)minister:Amemberofclergy,esp.Protestantchurches.

(牧師)clergy(pl):Theofficiallyappointedleaderofthereligious

activitiesofaparticularchurchortemple.

clergyman:clergymen(pl)amemberofclergy.

(牧師)pastor:AChristianreligiousleaderinchargeofachurch

anditsmembers,esp.inaProtestantchurch.

(教區(qū)牧師)vicar:Apriestinchargeofanarea(parish)inthechurchofEngland.

father:Alittleofrespectforapriest,heRomanCatholic.

5.服裝

clothing(collect):(fml)Generaltermofclothes.

clothes(nosingle):Coveringsofthebodysuchascoats,

dresses,suits,shoes,hats.

garment(fl):Asuitofclothesusedbyactors./asinglearticleofclothing.

costume:1)Thefashionofdresspeculiartoapeople,

nation,class,period,etc.

2)Adresswornbyactorsinaplay.uniform:wornbyallmembersofthecommunity.

dress:1)Akindofoutergarmentwornbywomen(連衣裙).

2)wornonspecialoccasions(禮服)eveningdress/morningdress

suit:Asetofouterclothestobeworntogether.eveningsuit/swimmingsuit

coat:Agarmentwithsleeveswornontopofotherclothesfromrain,heat,etc.

overcoat:Awarncoatworninthestreet.

6.哭

cry:Themostgeneralone.

(哭泣)weep:Toletflowtears.

(抽泣抽嗒)sob:Toweeporsighwithshortquickbreaths.

(哭天抹淚涕淚交流)snivel:Tosniffleandcryinairritatingmanner.

(哭嚎又哭又鬧)blubber:Tocryloudlynoisily.

(發(fā)出低聲報(bào)怨聲)whine:Tomakealowcomplainingcry.

(嚎哭)bawl:Toutterloudcries(alwaysinbadsense).

(痛哭)wail:Tocryaloudfrompainorsorrow.

(呻吟)moan:Tomakealow,miserablesoundinpainorsorrow.

(呻吟)grown:Tomakealowsoundofpain,unhappinessordisapproval

(哀悼)mourn:Tofeelorshowsadnessorsorrowforsomeonewhohasdied.

(哀悼)lament:Toexpressgreatsorroworregret.

7.美麗漂亮

good-looking:Havinganattractiveappearanceinastrong,healthywayusedformenandwomennotthings.

beautiful:(awomanorathing)Suggestingsymmetryoffeaturesorperfectionofproportion,eleganceandmobility.beautifulflowers,abeautifulgirl/voice/city/facebeautifulweather.

handsome:Ofattractiveappearanceappliestomen.ahandsomefellow/actor/horse/buildings/youngman.

pretty:(agirl,orasmallthing)Suggestinglivelinessandsweetness,pleasingornicetolookat.aprettylittlewoman/garden,aprettygirl/picture/pieceofmusic,

lovely:(something)Sobeautifulthatitmakesyoufeelgoodtolookatitoreventothinkaboutit.Thegardenlookslovely.

fair:Beautiful(ofwomaninpoet)lightincoloresp.,skinhair.

gorgeous:(personsorthings)(inf)Extremelybeautifulorhandsome.

8.拉拖

pull:Themostgeneralone.

draw:Itimpliesasmoother,steadiermotionandgenerallyalighterforcethanpull.

drag:Itusuallyreferstohorizontalmotionormotionupanincline(slope)anditsuggestslaboriouseffortsoverroughgroundoragainstfriction,resistanceorgravity.

Theescapedprisonerwasdraggedoutofhishidingplace.

haul:Itimpliescontinuouspullingordraggingofheavyorbulkyobjects.

Thefishermanishaulinganet.

tug:Itappliestohardoftensuddenviolentefforttopull.

Hetuggedatmysleevetoaskdirections.

jerk:Topullsuddenly.

Hejerkedouttheknifethatwasstuckinthewound.

tow:Topullbyaropeorchain.Wetowedthecartothenearestgarage.

wrench:Topullhardwithatwistingorturningmovement.

9.旋轉(zhuǎn)

turn:Themostgeneralone.

(自轉(zhuǎn))spin:Toturnquicklyaroundacentralpoint.

Itemphasizesthecontinuityoftheaction,andusuallythenarrowextentofthecircularmotion.

Thewheelisspinningonitsaxis.

(急轉(zhuǎn))whirl:Toroundveryfast.

Itimpliesthelockofconsciouscontrol.

Theleaveswhirlinthewindintheyard.

(轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng))rotate:Toturnroundafixedpointwithacircularmovement.

Theearthrotatesonceevery24hours.

(繞轉(zhuǎn))revolve:Toturnormoveinacirclearoundacentralpoint.

Itindicatescircularorelliptical(橢圓)movement.

Theplanetsrevolvearoundthesun.

10.生氣氣憤

anger:Themostgeneralone.

(易怒)becross:Feelingeasytogetangry.

(憤慨)indignation:(fml)Anger.

Itstressesrighteousangeratwhatoneconsidersunfair,meanorshameful.

Weexpressedourindignationattheruthlessexploitation.

(憤怒)wrath:Verytreatanger.(literary)

Itsuggestsadesireonintenttorevengeorpunish.

(狂怒)rage:Wild,violentanger.

Itsuggestslossofself-controlfromviolenceofemotion.inarage/tofallintoarage.

(暴怒)fury:Violent,extremeanddestructiveanger.

Sheflewintoafury.

11.錯(cuò)誤

(誤會(huì))mistake:Awrongthought,act.

Itimpliescarelessness

Anyonecanmakeamistake.

(過(guò)錯(cuò)弱點(diǎn))fault:Abadpoint,butnotofaseriousmoralkind.Itreferstobehaviorandcharacter.Hisonlyfaultisthathelacksambition.

findfaultwithsb/atfaultshortcoming:Weakness,failing

Itreferstofailuresordeficienciesinthingsaswellaspeople.

InspiteofallhershortcomingsIstillthinkshe'soneofthebestteachersintheschool.

(疏忽)error:Amistake(formalsometimesliterary)

Itimpliesdeviationfromastandardormodel

Theaccidentwascausedbyhumanerror.

(缺點(diǎn)毛病)defect:sthlackingorimperfect.

Itreferstoquality.

Theradiowasreturnedbecauseofadefect.

(失誤過(guò)失)blunder:Averystupidorunnecessarymistake.

Itimpliesignorance.

Thisisthefatalblunderofhislife.

12.圖畫(huà)

picture:Themostgeneralone.

(彩圖)painting:pictureswithcolor.

(繪畫(huà)圖畫(huà))drawing:Apicturemadewithapen,pencilandcrayon.Sketch,diagramsandgraphsarealldrawings.

(草圖)sketch:Aroughnotdetaileddrawing.

(圖解圖表)diagram:Adrawing,figurethatshowsthearrangementofsomething.

(曲線(xiàn)圖)graph:Adiagraminwhichastraightline,curved,orzigzaglineshowshowtwosetsofnumbersormeasurementsarerelated.

(插圖)illustration:Apicturetogowithwordsofabook.

(圖樣草圖)draft:Thefirstroughwrittenformofanything.

(平面圖)plan:Alinedrawingofabuildingasitmightbeenseenfromabove.

(主視圖)elevation:Aflatuprightsideofabuilding.

(海圖)chart:Amapesp.adetailedmapofaseaarea.

13.特別

(專(zhuān)門(mén)的,與眾不同的)special:Differentinsomewayfromwhatiscommon,ordinary,orusual.

Itstresseshavingaquality,character,identity,oruseofitsown.

Thetubecontainsspecialgases.

(特別的)especial:(fml)Toanusuallygreatdegree,exceptional

Itemphasizestheimportanceofthethingsorthepersonsmentioned

Thisisamatterofespecialimportance.

(各別的)particular:Relatingorbelongingtoonlyonethingorperson.

Itstressesthedistinctnessofsomethingasanindividualwhichisworthnotice.Inthatparticularcase,theruledoesn'thold.(適用)

(特種的)specific:Detailedandexact,clearinmeaningandexplanation,

fixed,determined.(usedinscientificarticles)

Itimpliesaqualityorcharacterdistinguishingakindoraspecies.

Hegavemeaveryspecificinstruction.Thereisaspecifictoolforeachjob.

(獨(dú)特的)peculiar:Strangeorperhapsunpleasant.

Itimpliesstrangeness.Hehasapeculiarwayofspeaking.

14.取消消滅

(取消解除)cancel:Togiveup,todeclaresomethingistobeeffective.

Hehascancelledhisleaveofabsence.(消假)

(廢除廢止)abolish:Todoawaywith.Itreferstopractices,socialinstitutions.Badcustomsshouldbeabolished.

(消滅排除)eliminate:Togetridof.

Weshouldeliminatethefalseandretainthetrue.

(撤消廢除)repeal:Tobringtoanendoftheeffectofalaworanorder.Somelawsshouldberepealed.

(根除消滅)exterminate:Todestroycompletelyandwholly.

Colonialismmustbeexterminated.

15.破碎

break:Themostgeneralone.

(壓碎壓破)crush:Topresstogetherviolentlyastobreak,todestroyitsshapebysqueezingit.Itsuggeststheeffectofgreatexternalpressure.

Thetreefellontopofthecarandcrushedit.

(打碎)smash:Tobreakthoroughlytopieceswithacrushingsound.

Shedroppedtheplateandsmashedit.

(打裂)crack:Tobreakwithoutseparationofparts.

Itsuggeststhebreakingoutacrossasurface.

Hecrackedthewindowbyleaningagainstit.

(破裂)

burst:Tobreakopenbypressurefromwithin.

Thefireworksburstwhiletheywereintheair.

(砸碎破碎)shatter:Tobreakintopieces.

Itsuggeststhebreakingupofathinsurface.

Theglasswasshatteredtopieces.

(撞壞)crash:Torefertothevehiclewhichhitssomethingandisbadly

damaged.

16.環(huán)境形勢(shì)

(環(huán)境形勢(shì))conditions:Thelocationandotherfactorslikelyto

affectit.Itsuggestssomethingthathasstayedthesamefor

sometimeandwhichaffectsdailylifesuchasfood,work,andhouses.

Wearenowstudyingtheeconomicconditionsinthedevelopingcountries.

(形勢(shì))situation:Apositionorstateataparticulartime,setofconditions,facts,andeventshavingan

effectonaperson,society,etc.

Itsuggestsmoregeneralmatterssuchasgovernmentplanningandfinance.

Thepoliticalsituationinthesecountriesarealwayschanging.

(環(huán)境周?chē)饨?environment:Thecircumstances,thingsandconditionsthatinfluenceyou.Itreferstospiritaspect,physicalaspectand

materialaspect.Wemusttrytobeautifyourenvironment.

(形勢(shì)情況)circumstance(s):Asituationoreventaroundus,acertain

kindofatmosphere,theconditionsthataffect

whathappens.in(under)thecircumstances

(環(huán)境周?chē)挛?surrounding(s):Theareaandenvironmentaroundaplaceor

person.Itindicatesaverynarrowcondition,"physically"sometimesreflectsspiritualaspect.

Theylivedinhostilesurroundings.

17.著名的

well-known:(infl)

famous:Themostgeneralone.widelyknownorhonored.

(杰出的知名的)distinguished:Great,outstandingmarkedbyexcellentqualityordeservedfame,usedespeciallyofpeoplewhoarefamousforseriousworkinscience,theartsetc.

Hewasadistinguishedwriter.

(馳名的)celebrated:Famous,(substituteforrenowned)

Itrefersobjectivelytosborsomethingthathasbeengiveacclaimorhonouredwithawardsorprizes.Shewasacelebratedactress.

renowned:Highlyhonoredandfamousforsomethinggood.oftenreferstoplacesorthings,alsoItsuggestssomethingthathasbecomelegendaryorisnolongeravailableforanobjectiveevaluation.

Edisonwasrenownedforhisinventions.

noted:Well-knownandadmired

Itoftendescribesamoreintellectualkindofeffortandaccomplishmentindicatinganauthority

orexpertortheirtheories.Maybeitisnotwidely

knowntothegeneralpublic.Hewasaverynotedexpert.

(臭名昭著)notorious:Famousforsomethingbad.

Heisnotoriousforhiscrimes.

18.強(qiáng)盜

thief:Themostgeneralone.

(強(qiáng)盜)robber:Itsuggestsadirectconfrontationinwhichtheowneris

forcedtogiveuphisvaluables.

(行兇強(qiáng)劫)mugger:Apersonwhoattacksandrobspeopleinastreetor

inalift.

burglar:Apersonwhobreaksintoahouseatnighttostealsomething.

(歹徒暴徒)gangster:Amemberofagroupofcriminals,esp.thosewhoare

armedandusegunstothreaten.

(匪徒)bandit:anarmedrobber.

Itsuggestsanorganizedgroupinaruralsetting.

(土匪)brigand:Arobberwholivesbyrobbingtravelersinthecountry.

(海盜)pirate:Apersonwhorobsonthesea.

19.搖動(dòng),顫動(dòng)

shake:Themostgeneralone.tomoveupanddownorbackandforth.

Itreferstopersonsorthings.

(發(fā)抖)quiver:Totremblealittle.

Itsuggestsarapidbutinvisiblevibration.

Hislipsquiveredwithemotion.

(顫抖)tremble:Toshakeuncontrollablyandslightlyasfromfear,

cold,excitementetc.

Itimpliesuneasinessandnervousness.

Hervoicetrembledasshebegantosing.

(瞬間發(fā)抖)shiver:Totremblefromfearorcold.

Itsuggestsaslightandrapidmovement.

Hestoodshiveringinthesnow.

(極度顫動(dòng))quake:toshakeortrembleviolently.

Itsuggestsamoreviolentandsuddenchange.

Hequakedwithexcitement.

Anexplosioncammakethegroundquake.

(抽筋般顫動(dòng))shudder:Toshakeuncontrollablyforamovement.

Itsuggestsamoreintenseshaking.

Sheshudderedatthesightofasnake.

20.說(shuō)話(huà)談話(huà)

(說(shuō)話(huà))

speak:Touseyourvoicetosaywords.

(說(shuō))say:Tospeakwords.

(發(fā)出聲音)utter:Tomakesoundandsaywords.

drawl:Tospeakinaslow,prolongedmanner.

mutter:Toexpressdispleasurewithcompressedlips.

rave:Totalkinanangry,uncontrolledway.

gabble:Totalkrapidly,makinginarticulatesounds.

(談?wù)?remark:Tomentionitorcommentonit.

(陳述)state:Tosay,expressorputintowords,esp.formally.

Hestatedhisview.

(講述)narrate:Totellformallyinwritingorspeechordescribe

somethinginorderwithintonation.

Henarratedhisadventureintheforest.

(詳述)relate:Totellformallyindetails,togiveanaccountof.

Herelatedhisexperiences.

(講演)address:Tosayinspeechorwritingtoapersonorgroup.

tell:Toletpeopleknowaboutsomething.

talk:Tosaythingstosomeone.

converse:Totalkformally.

Thescholarsareconversingwitheachotheron

linguistics.

chat:Totalkinafriendly,familiar,informalmanner.

Thetwofriendssatinacornerandchatted.

chatter:Totalkcontinuouslyrapidlyaboutsmallthings.

Theschoolgirlswentalongchattering.

whisper:Totalkinalowvoice.

Shewhisperedmenottotalksoloudly.

murmur:Tomakeasoftsound,esp.tospeakorsayinaquietvoice.

Heoftenmurmurstohimself.

(閑談)gossip:Totalkaboutthedetailsofotherpeople'sactions

andprivateliveswhichmaynotcorrectorproper.

Thatwomanisveryfondofgossipingaboutothers.

stammer:Tospeakwithpausesandrepeatedsoundsbecauseofexcitement,embarrassment.

stutter:Tospeakwithpausesandrepeatedsoundsbecauseof

inherentspeechdefect.

21.事情,事件

(事)thing:Anevent,afact,asubject.

Hetalkedofmanyinterestingthings.

(事情)matter:Seththatyouhavetodealwith,somethingtobediscussed,

thoughtover.

Thereareseveralmatterstobedealtwithatthe

meeting.

(事務(wù)責(zé)任)business:Aspecialduty,somethingthathastobedone.

Publicbusinessiseveryone'sbusiness.

(事務(wù))affair:Aneventorsetofconnectedevents.(pl)privateandpersonallife.

Ihavemanyaffairstolookafter.

(事件)event:Animportanthappening.Eventssuchasbirthdaysandanniversariesareoftencelebrated.

Doyouknowthechiefeventsof1986.

incident:Notasimportantasanevent.Incidentsseldomarecelebrated.Sometimesaneventbecomesanincidentaftermanyyearshavepassed.

(偶然事件)happening:Anoccurrence,andsometimesanunusualone.

Therehavebeenstrangehappeningsherelately.

(偶發(fā)事件)occurrence:Anincidentthatisusuallyunexpectedandhasnotbeenplannedaheadoftime.

Floodispracticallyanannualoccurrenceinthisdistrict.

22.承認(rèn)

admit:Toagreetothetruthof,usu,somethingbad.

Itsuggestsreluctanceorpossibleobjection.

Headmittedhiscrime/stealing.

(自白供認(rèn))confess:Toadmitguiltastoacrimeorastoashortcoming,inthesenseofmakingknowntoothersone'sown

errororwrongdoing.

Heconfessedhisfault/doingsomethingwrong.

acknowledge:toagreethetruthof,recognizethefactor

existenceofwhathavesaidordone,goodorbad.

Itemphasizesopenlyinaembarrassingorawkwardand

usuallynotvoluntaryway.

Iacknowledgedmysignature/mistakes/errors/having

beendefeated.

grant:Toadmitortoagreesomethingistrue.

Igrantedhisrequest/hishonesty.

takesth/sbforgranted.

concede:Toadmitastrue,justorproperoftenunwillingly

becauseofoverwhelmingevidence.

Iconcededyouthatpoint,butIstillthinkyouarewrong.

recognize:Toacceptoracknowledgeit.

Itreferstosomethingaboutlawanddiplomacy.

ThenewregimewasrecognizedbyChina.

23.走路

walk:Themostgeneralone.

stride:Towalkwithlongsteps.

Hestrodethroughthestationafewminutesbeforethetrainleft.

(高視闊步)stalk:Towalkstiffly,slowly,andproudlywithlongsteps.

trot:Tojog,movequickly,usureferstohorses.

(蹣跚而行)waddle:Towalkfromsidetosidewithshortstepslikeaduck.

Thefatmanwaddledoutoftheroom.

(蹣跚)stagger:Towalkunsteadily,slideanddragthefeetalmost

fallingateachstep,usuallybecauseofillness,

injuryordrink.

Afterdrinkingtoomuch,hestaggeredinthestreet.

(搖擺蹣跚)totter:Towalkunsteadilyshowinggreatweaknessoftenused

ofveryyoungchildrenlearningtowalk.Thechildtotteredbeforehisparents.

(拖著腳走)shuffle:Tomovewithoutliftingthefeetclearofthefloor

asifwearingslippers.

Theoldmanshuffledalongtheroad.

(趾高氣揚(yáng)地走)strutTowalkinaproudstrongway,esp.withthechest

outandtryingtolookimportant.

(慢行)amble:Towalkataneasygentlerate.

Itstressesaleisurelybutregularmovement.

(閑逛)stroll:Towalk,esp.slowly,forpleasure.

Itemphasizesaslowermovement,morewanderingandaimlesswithsuggestionsofmanystartsandpauses.

Theyarestrollingthroughthispark.

saunter:Alittlemoreformalthanstroll.

(漫步徘徊)wander:Tomoveaboutwithoutafixedcourse,aim,orpurpose.

Hewaswanderingabout/down/through/upanddownthestreet.

(漫游)roam:Towanderwithasveryclearaim.

Itsuggestsamoreseriouspurposebehindtheirregular

ofcircularmovementincompleteforgetfulnessoftime.

Theloversroamedaround/throughthefields.

(跋涉)trudge:Towalkheavilyandwearilywitheffortaswhenone(plod)istired.

Thehunterwastrudgingthroughthedeepsnow.

(重步行走)tramp:Towalkwithfirmheavysteps.

Whohasbeentrampingalloverthecarpetinmuddyshoes.

(扭扭捏捏地走)

mince:Towalkwithlittleshortstepsinanaffectedmanner.

Itwasafunnysighttoseehermincealong.

slouch:Towalkinaloose,ungainly(不雅觀)way.

hustle:Towalkinabusy,activeway.

24.跳

jump:Themostgeneralone.tothrowoneselfintotheair.

(跳起)

leap:(literary)Tospringthroughtheair,oftenlanding

inadifferentplace.

Theboyleapedoverthebrookwithoutdifficulty.

(跳躍)spring:Toleapsuddenlyandquickly.

Hesprangtohisfeetatthesuddennoise.

(跳著跑)bound:Tospringlightlyalong.

Its