計算機英語復(fù)習(xí)資料

.2指令指令系統(tǒng)，指令集處理器操作，操作碼，操作指令1.2指令指令系統(tǒng)，指令集處理器操作，操作碼，操作指令操作數(shù)寄存器時鐘兆赫控制器，控制部件譯碼，解碼算術(shù)/邏輯部件字長機器語言1.1計算機信息處理硬件軟件程序通用計算機專用計算機指令指令集，指令系統(tǒng)輸入設(shè)備輸出設(shè)備輸入/輸出主存儲器中央處理器總線微型計算機小型計算機主機臺式計算機個人計算機操作系統(tǒng)磁盤數(shù)字視盤光盤只讀存儲器鍵盤鼠標聲頻的，聲音的i接口外圍，外圍設(shè)備監(jiān)視，監(jiān)視器復(fù)位1.31.3存儲器層次結(jié)構(gòu)高速緩沖存儲器，高速緩存芯片單片高速緩存硅片磁盤主存儲器頁式虛擬存儲器隨機（訪問）存儲器只讀存儲器引導(dǎo)，啟動，自舉只讀光盤磁盤驅(qū)動器軟磁盤一次寫，多次讀磁帶寄存器組潛伏時間，等待時間頁幀實存儲器動態(tài)隨機存儲器基準測試程序易天性激光存儲器1.41.4等待時間相關(guān)，相干帶寬直接存儲器存取調(diào)制解調(diào)器信道，同道硬盤輸入輸出系統(tǒng)代碼轉(zhuǎn)換緩沖程序控制累加器協(xié)處理器外圍，外圍設(shè)備存儲器映射I/O中斷位模式通路，路徑裝入，加載多處理器同步化1.5總線同步的異步的分散式（的）分布式（的）優(yōu)先級菊花鏈輪詢外圍部件互連（總線）適配器定時，同步專用總線通用總線共享（頻）帶寬（度）2.1作業(yè)管理資源管理作業(yè)隊列輸入輸出控制系統(tǒng)批處理系統(tǒng)分時操作系統(tǒng)脫機操作實時系統(tǒng)緩沖技術(shù)假脫機系統(tǒng)多道程序設(shè)計2.3一種計算機操作系統(tǒng)并發(fā)地終端多用戶多任務(wù)作業(yè)內(nèi)核接口程序設(shè)計（編程）語言后臺系統(tǒng)調(diào)用解釋程序文件重定向設(shè)備無關(guān)的外殼（程序）、命令解釋程序公用授權(quán)協(xié)議以Linux命名的操作系統(tǒng)源代碼可移植的UNIX系統(tǒng)一個自由軟件組織4.1計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系結(jié)構(gòu)協(xié)議開放系統(tǒng)互連參考模型傳輸控制協(xié)議/互聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)議信道幀分組，包報文，消息無連接的面向連接的用戶數(shù)據(jù)報協(xié)議數(shù)據(jù)通信資源共享數(shù)據(jù)格式分層次的物理媒體（介質(zhì)）國際標準化組織)（美國）國防部行業(yè)標準傳輸層，運輸層網(wǎng)絡(luò)層應(yīng)用層端對端，終點到終點字節(jié)流虛擬終端4.2局域網(wǎng)客戶服務(wù)器(方式)對等(方式)集線器交換機拓撲(結(jié)構(gòu))星型拓撲以太(局域)網(wǎng)隨機地載波偵聽多路訪問/沖突檢測非屏蔽雙絞線同軸電纜網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口卡(網(wǎng)卡)多端口網(wǎng)橋路由器專用集成電路千兆位以太網(wǎng)光纖光纖分布式數(shù)據(jù)接口異步轉(zhuǎn)移(傳輸)模式無線局域網(wǎng)工業(yè)、科學(xué)和醫(yī)藥頻段跳頻擴頻直序擴頻碼分多址媒體訪問控制)無線應(yīng)用協(xié)議蜂窩電話尋呼機無線網(wǎng)橋租用線4.3廣域網(wǎng)分組交換網(wǎng)優(yōu)先級代碼源地址目的地址數(shù)據(jù)報虛電路交換式虛電路永久式虛電路多路復(fù)用租用線(路)網(wǎng)幀中繼客戶設(shè)備接入線端口路由，路徑主干網(wǎng),骨干網(wǎng)干線,[局內(nèi)]中繼線,信息通路7.1程序設(shè)計語言指令操作碼操作數(shù)助記的符號地址匯編程序，匯編器源程序目標程序高級語言宏指令編譯程序，編譯器選擇結(jié)構(gòu)循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)機器語言編址，尋址7.3結(jié)構(gòu)化語言面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O(shè)計編譯器（程序）類可視化C++一種面向?qū)ο蟮某绦蛟O(shè)計語言包裝，封裝數(shù)據(jù)隱藏繼承性多態(tài)性可移植的美國國家標準學(xué)會超類框架，構(gòu)架，架構(gòu)平臺運行時間，運行時，運行期公共語言運行時公共語言規(guī)范庫NET架構(gòu)類庫圖形用戶接口積木式部件8.2需求分析背景研究商業(yè)，事業(yè)，事務(wù)記賬系統(tǒng)，會計制表系統(tǒng)記賬服務(wù)（程序）（軟件）包可行性背景，后臺8.3軟件設(shè)計流程圖設(shè)計描述語言程序設(shè)計系統(tǒng)文件結(jié)構(gòu)軟件測試編碼數(shù)據(jù)流程圖案例算法數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)模塊測試單元測試邊界條件綜合測試，集成測試功能測試性能測試調(diào)試，排錯程序模塊8.4軟件維護遠程通信協(xié)議環(huán)境交換模式(自)適應(yīng)，適配升級，提高改型，變形，修改預(yù)算進化清晰度，明確（性）模塊性，積木性源代碼交叉參考配置多選（10分作業(yè)原題）1.3(1)Cacheisa.fastb.Slowc.relativelysmalld.highcost(2)InformationstoredinsemiconductorRAMis.a.permanentb.Nonpermanenc.volatiled.nonvolatile(3)Weusepagedvirtualmemoryto.a.extendthesizeofmemoryb.increasebandwidthofthediskc.reducelatencyofthediskd.storelargeprogramanddataset(4)Wereaddataonthediskby.a.detectingthemagnetizedspotsrandomlyb.writingthemagnetizedspotsc.detectingthemagnetizedspotssequentiallyd.movingtheread/writehead(5)Thethreedesiderataofmemorysystemare.a.independentb.exclusivec.closelyapproximatedtodayd.lessapproximatedtomorrow(6)Theprocessorperformancewouldbehighaswereferenceinstructionsanddatafromb,d.a.harddiskb.Cachec.floppydiskd.memory(7)Pageframeisusedina.realmemoryb.virtualmemoryc.diskd.cache(8)Inordertoincreaseourcomputer’sperformanceweneedto,a.haveaL2cacheb.buyaL2cachc.haveamuchlargermainmemoryd.buyaL1cache4.31.AWideAreaNetworkcan..a.coverawidegeographicalareab.linktwoormoreLANsc.linktwoLANsonlyd.becreatedbyindividualusers2.AccordingtotheflowofinformationonatransmissionfacilitywecancategorizeWANIntoa,b,dnetwork.a.circuitswitchedb.packetswitchec.localaread.Leased.line3.Inpacketswitchednetworksdatasendin.a.byteb.Piecesc.framed.packet4.Themostimportantitemscontainedinapacketshouldbe.a.datatobetransmittedb.headerofthepackec.tailofthepacketd.date5.Thepopularapproachesweusedinthepacketswitchednetworkare.a.circuitswitchingb.datagramc.virtualcircuitd.realcircuit6.Inthedatagrammodewhendatagramsarriveattheirdestination,thedatagramsa.maybeoutoforderb.mustbeinorderc.shouldbereorderedd.maylose7.Inthevirtualcircuitmodeallpacketssentbyauseratatimebelongto.a.amessageb.asessionc.differentmessagesd.differentsessions8.Maincharacteristicsoftheleasedlinenetworksare.a.thelineisprivatefortheuserb.theuserhashimselfinter-exchangec.veryshortresponsetimed.theusercomputerisalwaysphysicallyconnectedtotheline9.Atypicalframerelaynetworkhas.a.sevencomponentsb.fivecomponentsc.sixcomponentsd.fivemajorphysicalcomponentsandone"virtual"components10.Routerhasthefollowingname.a.ARPANETb.IMP(InterfaceMessageProcessor)c.Gatewayd.IS(IntermediateSystem)11.InFig.4-6aroutercreatesalogicalpathbetweennetworks,thesenetworksinclude.a.FDDIb.TokenBusc.TokenRingd.Ethernet12.Encapsulationisusedherefordatadeliveringon.a.thecircuitswitchingb.thephysicalpathc.theanalogcircuitd.thelogicalpath7.31.Clanguagepossessesbestfeaturesof.a.astructuredhigh-levellanguageb.codingrelativelyeasyc.usingcomputerresourcesefficientlyd.anassemblylanguage2.C++includethefollowingpillars:.a.encapsulationb.datahidingc.inheritanced.polymorphism3.Encapsulationis.a.derivedfromdatahidingb.aself-containedunitc.usedtoaccomplishdatahidingd.SupportedbyC++4.ClassesinC++.a.areuser-definedtypesb.canbeusedtosupportencapsulationc.actasafullyencapsulatedentityd.canbeusedtosupportdatahiding5.Anewtypeininheritance.a.isasubclassb.canbederivedfromanexistingtypec.can’tbecalledaderivedtyped.canbedeclared6.PolymorphisminC++.a.meansthesamenametakingmanyformsb.supportsdifferentobjectsdo"therightthing"c.hasfunctionpolymorphismd.hasclasspolymorphism7.C++cedure-orientedc.extendedfromCd.asupersetofC8.Theactualinnerworkingsoftheclass.a.shouldnotbehiddenb.shouldbehiddenc.likea"blackbox"d.don’tlikea"blackbox"9.C#isa.ahybridofCandC++b.developedtocompeteindirectlywithSun’sJavalanguagec.designedtoimproveproductivityfordevelopingWebapplicationsd.asimplifiedandmoremodernversionofC++10.InC#thefollowingthingsarebelongtoobjects.a.Adatahavingsimplenumericaltypeb.windows,buttonsandsoonc."free-floating"functionsd.mainmethod11.C#nouncedas"Csharp"b.partofanintegratedapplicationdevelopmentframeworkc.OOfromthegroundupd.free12.MS’s.NETFvidesahighdegreeofinteroperabilitybetweenthelanguagesitsupports13.CLRis.a.anabbreviationofCommonLanguageRuntimeb.acoreelementofthe.NETFrameworkc.responsiblefortheruntimemanagementofaC#programd.responsibleforloadingyourC#program14..NETFrameworkcansupport.a.C#b.C++c.VBd.JavaScript15.CLSa.definesacommonsetoftypesb.supportssomelanguages,suchasC++,C#,VBandJScriptc.allowsdevelopertonon-seamlesslyintegrateC#codewithcodewritteninanyoftheother.NETlanguagesd.canguaranteeevery.NETlanguagetoberecognized16.FCL.videsalmostallofthecommonfunctionalityneededtodevelopapplicationsontheWindowsplatformc.canhelpyoutofindalotofprogrammingworkthathasalreadybeendoneforyoud.isanabbreviationof.NETFrameworkClassLibrary選詞填空（20分作業(yè)原題*20個）(1)Acomputersystemsolvesaproblemby(2)Theamountofeffectiveworkofacomputercanbeindicatedbydirectly.(3)Computersystemsconsistof.(4)Computerthatcansolveonlyonekindofproblemisa.(5)Computerthatcansolvemanydifferentkindsofproblemsisa.(6)instructthehardware.(7)isdifficultandexpensivetochange.(8)Weusuallyshowthecomputercomponentsina.a.generalpurposemachineb.hardwarec.acceptinginput,processingproblem,andproducingoutputd.blockdiagrame.softwaref.storagesizeg.specialpurposemachineh.hardwareandsoftware1.2(1)Weusuallycallourcomputers.(2)Aninstructionsetcansometimesbereferredtoas.(3)Thebinarylanguageiscalledi.(4)Wedon’tconfusetheprocessor’sinstructionsetwiththeinstructionsof.(5)Aninstructionconsistsof.(6)Anoperandthatreferstodatainthememoryiscalledan.(7)Atimercangivepreciselytimed.(8)Aprocessorincludestwofunctionalunits,theyare.(9)Thewaysbywhichthecontrolunitworksareanalogousto.(10)Thecontrolunittakesoutthefrommemory.a.addressb.High-levelprogramminglanguagesc.instructionsd.machinese.electricalsignalsf.machineinstructionsg.atelephoneswitchboardwithintelligenceh.operationsandoperandsi.machinelanguagej.controlunitandALU1.3(1)Therearethreedesideratainthememorysystem,theyare.(2)EvenwiththehighspeedDRAMasrealmemory,thehighperformanceprocessorsstillhavetheproblem.(3)AmicrocomputerhasabuiltinROMchip,itiscalledsometimes.(4)ItemsstoredinRAMcanbeaccessedbotheasilyandin.(5)Magneticdiskhastwotypes,theyare.(6)CD-ROMisabbreviatedfrom.(7)detectsorwritesmagnetizedspotsontheironoxidecoatingofthetape.(8)ThelocationsofaRAMaremaintainedby.(9)TheclosestmemorytotheCPUiscalledas.(10)Theprocessoraddressesthediskwith.a.ROMBIOSb.thecontrolunitc.CompactDiskROMd.size,speedandcost.e.virtualmemoryf.anyorder(randomly)g.L1cacheh.latencyi.read/writeheadj.harddisksandfloppydisks2.1Bufferingcanoverlap.Operatingsystemsshouldmeetcertainspecificstandardsasmoderncomputerhardware’s.(3)Themaintaskofthejobmanagementis.(4)Inordertocreatethejobqueuetheoperatingsystemshould.(5)Ifmorethanonejobrequiretobeprocessedtheoperatingsystemshould.(6)Batchsystemsautomatejobsequencingbya.(7)allowedtheCPUtooverlaptheI/Ooperationwiththecomputation.(8)Timesharingcanbegotby.(9)areotheroperatingsystemtypes.(10)Tomonitorthedevicesbeingusedtheoperatingsystemestablishesatableinwhichprogramsarematchedagainst.4.21.Localareanetworkisanetworkthatconnects.2.MostLANsareofmode.3.SductdominatestheLANworldtoday.5.InLANwehavetwoaccessmethods,theyare.6.CSMA/CDstandsfor.7.The100Base-TEthernethasatopology.8.Switchesarebasicallymulti-port.9.Switchworkingatlayer2usestheaddress.10.Abridgecanwhichaddressresideoneachofitsports.11.Usingswitcheswecandividethenetworkintoanumberof.12.TheGigabitEthernetisdevelopedbasedonthesuccessesof.13.IEEE802.11standardusestechniques.14.IEEE802.11aisdesignedfor.15.WAPisusedforaccessingWebpagesby.a.starb.5GHzc.learnd.theclient-serverorpeer-to-peere.Ethernetandfiber-opticcommunicationsf.mobilephonesg.geographicallycloseresourcesh.Etherneti.segmentsj.CDMA,FHSSandDSSSk.randomlyorinadeterministicorderl.LANsm.MACn.CarrierSenseMultipleAccess/CollisionDetectiono.bridges5.1(1)isalargenetworkofInternetservers.(2)isthelargestglobalinternetworks.(3)isthelandmarkpacketswitchingnetwork.(4)GUIisabbreviatedfrom.(5)Manybusinesscorrespondencesaretransferredvia.(6)IEisproducedby.(7)WeaccessaWebpagebyusinga.(8)Wecanusethetosendorreceivearbitrarilylargefiles.(9)Manyleading-edgenetworktechnologiescomefrom.(10)isastandardterminalemulationprotocol.a.electronicmailb.Telnetc.WWWd.GraphicalUserInterfacee.Internetcommunityf.Internetg.URLh.Microsoftcorp.i.FTPj.ARPAnet閱讀（20分8.4通篇）翻譯（30分舊版本（可能））1.2Aninstructionismadeupofoperationsthatspecifythefunctiontobeperformedandoperandsthatrepresentthedatatobeoperatedon.Forexample,ifaninstructionistoperformtheoperationofadding