名詞練習(xí)-公開(kāi)課教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之詞法-----名詞一、詞性的分類詞類又叫詞性，英語(yǔ)單詞根據(jù)其在句子中的功用，可以分十個(gè)大類。不同詞性的詞在句子中的功用是不一樣的，有一定的規(guī)律，所以，記住這些詞性的用法，可以幫助我們更加容易的學(xué)懂一門外語(yǔ)。名詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞在句中獨(dú)立承擔(dān)成分，我們稱之為實(shí)詞。介詞、連詞、冠詞不能在句中獨(dú)立擔(dān)任部分，只起輔助的作用，我們稱之為虛詞。二、名詞知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖常考考點(diǎn)1可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的比較（1）可數(shù)名詞有復(fù)數(shù)形式，而不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有。（2）可數(shù)名詞前可直接加a/an,而不可數(shù)名詞不能（3）可數(shù)名詞前可直接用數(shù)詞表示數(shù)量，twoboys;而不可數(shù)名詞需借助apieceof之類的短語(yǔ)，如：apieceofadvice,acupoftea,aglassofmilk等。（4）前面的修飾語(yǔ)也有所不同。只能修飾可數(shù)名詞：several,(a)few,many,agreatmany,alargenumberof等。只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞：(a)little,much,agreatdealof,alargeamountof等。兩者皆可：some,any,plentyof,lotsof,alotof等。?？伎键c(diǎn)2不可數(shù)名詞與可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)化（1）表示種類時(shí)：variousfruits（各種水果）（2）抽象名詞具體化：success（成功），asuccess（一個(gè)成功人士）（3）表示不同意思時(shí)：room房間（可數(shù)）空間（不可數(shù)）experience經(jīng)歷（可數(shù)）經(jīng)驗(yàn)（不可數(shù)）work作品（可數(shù)）工作（不可數(shù)）chicken小雞，雞（可數(shù)）雞肉（不可數(shù)）exercise練習(xí)題（可數(shù)）鍛煉（不可數(shù)）time次數(shù)（可數(shù)）時(shí)間（不可數(shù)）常考考點(diǎn)3常見(jiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞fun,housework,homework,advice,information,news,progress,equipment,furniture,luggage,joy,air,knowledge（知識(shí)）必背短語(yǔ)：havefun玩得開(kāi)心makeprogress取得進(jìn)步makegreatprogress取得很大的進(jìn)步haveagoodknowledgeof精通，掌握常考考點(diǎn)4be+of+great+名詞=be+very+形容詞of+use,value,help,difference,importance等抽象名詞，其含義相當(dāng)于對(duì)應(yīng)的be+形容詞useful,valuable,helpful,different,important.在句中可作定語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等。Thebookisofgreatuse.=Thebookisveryuseful（表語(yǔ)）這本書很有用。Thisisabookofgreatuse.=Thisisausefulbook.（定語(yǔ)）這是一本非常有用的書。常考考點(diǎn)5可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1.cake__________ 2.foot___________3.monkey____________ 4.watch___________5.glass____________ 6.month____________7.baby___________ 8.thief_________9.hero__________ 10.child__________11.photo_________ 12.sheep__________13.roof___________ 14.German____________15.Englishman______________?？伎键c(diǎn)6名詞所有格你能翻譯以下短語(yǔ)嗎？1.李平的自行車____________2.湯姆和瑪麗的父親________________________3.在理發(fā)店______________4.在我叔叔家________________5.3個(gè)星期的假期___________________6.房間的窗戶____________________三、名詞與高考（一）名詞在語(yǔ)法填空中的考查形式1.考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。若給出的提示詞是名詞，很有可能是考查其復(fù)數(shù)形式。（1）I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthemountaintopsanddarkwaterswhicharepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese___________(painting)（2）Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew__________(day)withhissister.2.考查詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換。（1）考查其他詞性換為名詞?？崭裨诠谠~、形容詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格后，一般要用括號(hào)中所給詞的名詞形式。如：ThegreatChinesescholarConfuciusinfluencedthe__________________(develop)ofchopsticks.InkeepingadiaryinEnglish,wecertainlyrunupagainstmany______________(difficult).(2)名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成其他詞性。Theyalsosharedwithusmany____________(tradition)storiesaboutHawaii.Mylegsbecome___________(pain).TheRailwaywasoneofthemost____________(success)ofthesenewlines.（二）名詞在短文改錯(cuò)中的考查形式1.名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。（該用復(fù)數(shù)不用復(fù)數(shù)，不該用復(fù)數(shù)卻用復(fù)數(shù)）。例1：Westudyquiteafewsubject,suchasChinese,Englishandphysics.例2：WehavemademoreprogressesinEnglishstudythanlastterm.2.名詞的修飾語(yǔ)。many,few,several,afew,anumberofalotof修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式little,alittle,much,agreatdealof修飾不可數(shù)名詞例1：Therearethreelessonsinthemorningandtwointheafternoon.Wedon'tneedtodosomanyhomework. 例2：Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.例3：Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtasty.Therearesomuchthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.3.詞性誤用。（如：該用名詞卻用形容詞）例1：Walkingaftersupperisofgreatbeneficialtohumanhealth.例2：Ienjoyedstudyingdifferencekindsofcarsandplanes.4.名詞所有格。（該用名詞所有格，但不用）例如：It’saboutanhourdrivefromheretomyoffice.四、鞏固練習(xí)（一）語(yǔ)法填空1.Neverbeforehasourcountrybeenso____________(power)asitistoday.2.Hehatedbeinginthearmybecausehehadtoobey_________________(command)3.First,heshowedusthe___________(base)stepsandskillsofmakingdoughfigurines.4.NearlyonehundredcountriesrecognizeEnglishastheir_______________(office)language.5.Herworried______________(express)onherfacesuggestedthatshewasveryfrightened.6.Lifedoesnotthrowusawayjustbecausewearedisable,orbecausewehaveproblemsor_____________(challenge).7.Inspiteofallher________________(shortcoming),Istillthinksheisoneofthebestteachersintheschool.8.People's___________(attitude)towardsthematteraredifferent.9.Hewasworriedaboutworkingwithpeoplewhodidnotsharehis______________(view)10.Manyboysandgirlsgotocollegeaftertheir________________(graduate)fromhighschool.（二）單句改錯(cuò)1.Nothavingbeencleanedformonths,thebooksontheshelfweredust.2.Whenhewasinmiddleschool,hewasstilloneofthetopstudentinhisclass.3.I'mprideofhimandwillfollowhisexample.4.Inmyviews,thereisnoneedtocaretoomuchaboutyourclothes.5.Intheearthquake,abouttwomillionspeoplelosttheirhomesandthousandsofhousesfellintoruins.6.Wemayhavedifferentopinioninorganizingclassactivi