新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)Lesson51知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解講義

LESSON如何講述人物趣事：節(jié)食有多難Part1.詞匯脫口秀reward /n.回報(bào),獎(jiǎng)賞詞源探秘：為啥reward表示“回報(bào)”？前綴re表示“back”回來(lái)，ward=“tolook,heed,watch”就是“看，注意所以reward字面意思是 【聽(tīng)記1】?！癆cademyAward”為啥Award表示“獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，獎(jiǎng)品”？如何使用reward?用法1：rewardsbwithsth.用法2：rewardsbfor(doing)sth.場(chǎng)景造句：IfyougetanAonthetest,IwillrewardyouwithaDisneylandtour.ThekidwasrewardedforhisgreatperformanceonthetestwithaDisneylandtour.WhenIwavedtothebeautifulgirl,sherewardedmewithasmile.GrantUsanHonorandChinaWillRewardtheWorldwithMoreSplendor.人人渴望收獲和回報(bào)，但是如何獲得reward?“Beforetherewardtheremustbelabor.【注意這里的reward是一個(gè)名詞】Youplantbeforeyouharvest.Yousowintearsbeforeyoureapjoy.”----美國(guó)藝術(shù)家RalphRansomGivingopensthewayforreceiving.Somepeopleworkwithoutexpectingareward.Theyworkliketheydon’tneedmoney.Becausetothosewhoenjoytheirwork,workitselfisarewardingexperience.virtuen.為啥virtue表示美德？virtueman,virtutem男子氣概，力量，勇氣等。所以，virtue這個(gè)詞最初含義： 2】byvirtueof才有表示“憑借”的意思？byvirtueof=bymeansof,becauseofShegotthejobbyvirtueofherrichexperience.Virtual有什么關(guān)系？VirtualReality虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)virtualcurrency虛擬貨幣diet節(jié)食，規(guī)定飲食Ifyouareonadiet,youonlyeatspecialkindsoffoodoryoueatlessfoodthanusualbecauseyouaretryingtoloseweight.Ihavedecidedtogoonadiet.節(jié)食的目的往往是為了減肥。減肥/增重的說(shuō)法：loseweightvs.gainweightToloseweight,youmustuseorburnoffmorecaloriesthanyoutakein.Ifyoueatanddrinkmorecaloriesthanyouburnoff,you'llgainweight.takeoffweight/poundsvs.putonweight/poundsoffputon是什么畫(huà)面？Havingputon20pounds,Ineedtotakeoffextraweight.日常飲食Yourdietisthetypeoffoodyoueateachday.Tokeepfit,youshouldeatahealthydiet.alow-fatdiet低脂肪飲食alow-caloriediet低熱量(卡路里)飲食avegetariandiet素食Abalanceddietisimportantbecauseourorgansandtissues（組織）needpropernutritiontoworkeffectively.Sowearesupposedtoeatfruits,vegetables,grains(谷物),proteins(蛋白質(zhì)),anddairyproductstokeepabalanceddiet.forbid 禁止Ifyouforbidsomeonetodosomething,orifyouforbidanactivity,youorderthatitmustnotbedone.注意動(dòng)詞變化：forbid,forbade,forbidden經(jīng)典用法：forbidsb.todo.或者：forbidsb.fromdoingMyfatherforbidsmetogooutsideafter10pm.Myfatherforbidsmefromgoingoutsideafter10pm.Iamforbiddentogooutsideafter10pm.注意：過(guò)去分詞：forbidden紫禁城：TheForbiddenCity這里禁止吸煙：Smokingisforbiddenhere.口語(yǔ)中可以說(shuō)：Smokingisano-nohere.Spittingisano-nohere.隨地吐痰是不可以的：區(qū)別：三種禁止Forbid 命令某人不做某事，可以是口頭命令。Ordersb.nottodosth.Prohibit（正式）強(qiáng)調(diào)通過(guò)法律規(guī)章禁止tosaythatanactionisillegalornotallowedSmokingisstrictlyprohibitedinsidethegasstation.Ban officiallyforbidsthTheUNhasbannedtheuseofchemicalweapons.embarrass vt.使尷尬Ifsomethingorsomeoneembarrassesyou,theymakeyoufeelshyorashamed.詞源速記：em+barr+assem=into表示：進(jìn)入,向內(nèi)；barr=bar表示：木棒，障礙；ass是后綴表示詞性；embarrass這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的核心意思就是：“toblockandmakesbfeelawkward”用法注意：Iamembarrassed./Ifeelembarrassed.Whenwillyoufeelembarrassed?Youwillfeelembarrassedwhenfallingoverinpublic.Youwillfeelembarrassedwhenwavingtoastrangerthinkingit’syourfriend,Youwillalsofeelembarrassedwhentextingthewrongperson.特朗普總統(tǒng)的尷尬時(shí)刻：ButnoonecouldbemoreembarrassedthanUSPresidentDonaldTrumpwhenhemadeaspeechattheU.N.GeneralAssembly.DonaldTrumpboastedabouthisachievementasthePresidentoftheUnitedStates.“Inlessthantwoyears,myadministrationhasaccomplished（完成）morethanalmostanyadministrationinthehistoryofourcountry.”聽(tīng)見(jiàn)下面哄堂大笑，特朗普說(shuō)：“Didn’texpectthatreaction,butthat’sokay.”O(jiān)bviously,thelaughterembarrassedPresidentTrump.Andhefeltembarrassedthoughhedidn’twanttoadmit.ItwasanembarrassingmomentforPresidentTrump.美國(guó)媒體:“TheWholeWorldLaughedatTrumpattheUnitedNations.”【聽(tīng)記答案】回頭關(guān)照、關(guān)注具有男性一般的力量和品德，如勇敢、堅(jiān)毅等LESSON如何講述人物趣事：節(jié)食有多難Part2.句型精講Myfriend,Hugh,hasalwaysbeenfat,butthingsgotsobadrecentlythathedecidedtogoonadiet.亮點(diǎn)賞析：1）鋪墊與遞進(jìn)：大家體會(huì)一下：”Butthingsgotsobad...”這句話用的特別精致，有兩個(gè)作用：一.避免重復(fù)說(shuō)用詞二.非常委婉造成了一種幽默的效果。為啥？那么情況遭到什么程度呢？結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)thathedecidedtogoonadiet.Obviously,hecouldn’tbearhissituationanymore.精彩表達(dá)：but這個(gè)詞表轉(zhuǎn)折，兩種轉(zhuǎn)折：可能“轉(zhuǎn) ”，也可以“轉(zhuǎn) ”。區(qū)別一下：Mikewasenergeticthismorning,buthewasverysickintheafternoon.Mikewasverysickthisafternoon,butthingsgotsobadintheeveningthathesuddenlyfelloverandfainted.Heexplainedthathisdietwassostrictthathehadtorewardhimselfoccasionally.Thenheshowedmethecontentsoftheparcel.Itcontainedfivelargebarsofchocolateandthreebagsofsweets!亮點(diǎn)賞析：1）懸念使用技巧： dramaticquestion1:Whatwasinsidetheparcel?dramaticquestion2:Howdidherewardhimself?Thekeytosuspenseisnottoanswerthedramaticquestiontoosoon.曾有同學(xué)問(wèn)我說(shuō)：Thenheshowedmethecontentsoftheparcel.Itcontainedfivelargebarsofchocolateandthreebagsofsweets!是不是可以定語(yǔ)從句連起來(lái)，寫(xiě)成：Thenheshowedmethecontentsoftheparcelwhichcontainedfivelargebarsofchocolateandthreebagsofsweets!但是，為啥課文中沒(méi)有用定語(yǔ)從句？【請(qǐng)聽(tīng)音頻】2）Satire諷刺的使用大家體會(huì)一下：“hisdietwassostrictthathehadtorewardhimselfoccasionally.”Heactuallyrewardedhimselfwithmorehigh-caloriefood.Hisdietwassostrictthathecouldn’tsticktoitandhadtoindulgehimselfoccasionally.Satire是嘲笑么？Satireisahumorouswayofcriticizingsomethingorsomeone.MarkTwain就是幽默大師，擅長(zhǎng)Satire.用到Satire的句子特點(diǎn)是： Ifyoudon’treadthenewspaper,youareuninformed;ifyoudoreadthenewspaper,youaremisinformed.Truthisthemostvaluablethingwehave.Letuseconomizeit.self-mockery:Itrytoavoidthingsthatmakemefat...likescales,mirrorsandphotographs.IwishIcouldloseweightaseasilyasIlosemykeys,pen,cellphone,mytemper,andevenmymind.LESSON如何講述人物趣事：節(jié)食有多難Part3.故事轉(zhuǎn)述中英文逐句轉(zhuǎn)述節(jié)食有多么容易呢？讓我來(lái)和大家分享關(guān)于我的好友Jack的一個(gè)故事。Howeasyisittogoonadiet?LetmesharewithyouastoryaboutmyfriendJack.【注意：為啥這里用howeasy而不是howdifficult？】Jack一直都挺胖，但最近每況愈下。Jackhasalwaysbeenoverweight,butrecentlythingsweregoingfrombadtoworse.diet.他第二天就開(kāi)始了節(jié)食。Hestartedhisdietthefollowingday.首先，他寫(xiě)了一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的清單，列出所有嚴(yán)格禁止的食物。Firstofall,hemadealonglistofallthefoodsthatwerestrictlyforbidden.大多數(shù)他喜歡吃的東西都上了“黑名單”sweets.從那時(shí)起，這些食物將被看做是他的敵人。Fromthenon,thosefoodswouldbetreatedashisenemies.昨天，我拜訪了他家。一點(diǎn)都不奇怪，他依然像往日一樣胖。Yesterday,Icalledathishouse.Notsurprisingly,hewasasfatasbefore.在把我領(lǐng)進(jìn)屋后，他匆忙把一個(gè)大袋藏到書(shū)桌下。Afterleadingmeintohisroom,hehidalargeparcelunderhisdeskinahurry.我知道他想隱藏些不可告人的事，就問(wèn)他說(shuō)那個(gè)包裝著什么。Iknewhewastryingtosweepsomethingunderthecarpetandaskedhimwhatitwas.他內(nèi)疚地笑著，把包放回了桌上。Smilingguiltily,heputtheparcelbackonhisdesk.他向我解釋說(shuō)：他的節(jié)食計(jì)劃進(jìn)行的如此順利，所以他忍不住要時(shí)不時(shí)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)一下自己。Heexplainedtomethathisdietplanwasgoing“sowell”thathecouldn’thelprewardinghimselffromtimetotime.然后，他向我展示了他神秘大包里的東西，里面有八塊巧克力，和三袋薯片。Laterherevealedthecontentsofhismysteriousparcel,whichcontainedeightlargebarsofchocolateandthreebagsofpotatochips.所以，女士們先生，請(qǐng)大家牢牢記住。節(jié)食的第二天，永遠(yuǎn)比第一天簡(jiǎn)單，因?yàn)榈搅说诙?，你不?huì)堅(jiān)持了。Soladiesandgentlemen,justkeepthisinmind:theseconddayofadietisalwayseasierthanthefirst.Becausebythesecondday,youareoffit.全英文轉(zhuǎn)述Howeasyisittogoonadiet?LetmesharewithyouastoryaboutmyfriendJack.Jackhasalwaysbeenoverweight,butrecentlythingsweregoingfrombadtoworse.LastMonday,afterglancingathimselfinthemirror,hecouldn’tevenbelievehiseyesandquicklymadeuphismindtogoonadiet.Hestartedhisdietthefollowingday.Firstofall,hemadealonglistofallthefoodsthatwerestrictlyforbidden.Mostofthethingsheloveswereonthe“blacklist”:butter,potatochips,Frenchfries,beer,milk,chocolateandsweets.Fromthenon,thosefoodswouldbetreatedashisenemies.Yesterday,Icalledathishouse.Notsurprisingly,hewasasfatasbefore.Afterleadingmeintohisroom,hehidalargeparcelunderhisdeskinahurry.Iknewhewastryingtosweepsomethingunderthecarpetandaskedhimwhatitwas.Smilingguiltily,heputtheparcelbackonhisdesk.Heexplainedtomethathisdietplanwasgoing“sowell”thathecouldn’thelprewardinghimselffromtimetotime.Laterherevealedthecontentsofhismysteriousparcel,whichcontainedeightlargebars