專題八 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)- 高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

專題八：動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（theActiveVoice）和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（thePassiveVoice）。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.（許多人講英語(yǔ)。）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.（英語(yǔ)被許多人所講。）一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由“be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成的。二、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)通常采取如下的步驟：①將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)；②將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成“be+過(guò)去分詞”的形式；③將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中by的短語(yǔ)。例如：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.（許多人講英語(yǔ)。）Englishisspokenbymanypeople.（英語(yǔ)被許多人所講。）三、常見(jiàn)各種時(shí)態(tài)及含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+doneYouarerequiredtodothis.②一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/were+doneThestorywastoldbyher.③一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will/shall+be+doneTheproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.④現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are+being+doneTheroadisbeingwidened.⑤過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were+being+doneThenewtoolwasbeingmade.⑥現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has+been+doneThenovelhasbeenread.⑦過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had+been+doneHesaidthattheworkhadbeenfinished.⑧將來(lái)完成時(shí)：will/shall+have+been+doneTheworkwillhavebeenfinishedbytomorrow.⑨過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：would/should+be+doneHesaidthatthetreeswouldbeplanted.⑩情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：can/must…+be+doneTVcanbewatchedbyuseverynight.典題賞析：1)ThePeople’sRepublicofChina_____________________(found)onOctober1,1949.2)ThisEnglishsong__________________(sing)bythegirlsafterclasseveryday.3)Ourroommust__________________________(keep)clean.4)Anewhouse_________________________(build)atthecorneroftheroadatpresent.5)Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday_______________________(notdecide)yet.6)Hurryup,orthetickets________________________(sell)outbythetimewegetthere.7)Attheendofthemeeting,itwasannouncedthatanagreement__________________(reach).8)AtalkonChinesehistory_________________________(give)intheschoolhallnextweek.9)Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty______________________(hold),someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.10)Hehurriedhome,neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe_______________(follow).【江蘇卷】1)wasfounded;2)issung;3)bekept;4)isbeingbuilt;5)hasn1)wasfounded;2)issung;3)bekept;4)isbeingbuilt;5)hasn’tbeendecided;6)willhavebeensold;7)hadbeenreached;8)willbegiven;9)wouldbeheld;10)wasbeingfollowed四、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法：一般說(shuō)來(lái)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的選用應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的情況和語(yǔ)境而確定，但在下列情況下通常使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1.當(dāng)不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或雖然知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者但沒(méi)必要說(shuō)出時(shí)，通常使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Suchbookswerewrittenforchildren.這些書是為孩子們寫的。Hewasnearlydrownedyesterday.昨天他差點(diǎn)兒淹死了。2.當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，通常使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。ThispoemwaswrittenbyDuFu.這首詩(shī)是由杜甫寫的。Mysonistakencareofbymymother.我兒子由我媽媽照看著。3.當(dāng)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是無(wú)生命的名詞時(shí)，通常使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Iwasdeeplyimpressedbyhisgoodbehavior.他良好的行為給我留下深刻的印象。Thehousewasstruckbylightning.那房子被閃電所擊中。4.出于禮貌不便提及動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者時(shí)，通常使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Thefloorhasbeendirtied.Let’sgetitcleaned.地板弄臟了。我們擦一擦吧。5.在某些習(xí)慣用法中，通常使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。IwasborninChina.我出生在中國(guó)。Weareallsurprisedatyourarrival.對(duì)你的到來(lái)我們都很驚訝。五、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)：1.復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)在“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”這一復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中，只將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)位置保持不動(dòng)（此時(shí)應(yīng)稱為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）。另外有些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞（可簡(jiǎn)記為：一感feel,一幫助help,二聽hear,listento,三讓let,make,have,五看lookat,see,watch,notice,observe）所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)，但在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，不定式應(yīng)加上to。Weelectedhimourmonitor.我們選他當(dāng)班長(zhǎng)?！鶫ewaselectedourmonitor.Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.我們總是保持教室干凈?！鶷heclassroomisalwayskeptclean.Thedoctormadehimgiveupsmoking.醫(yī)生讓他戒煙?！鶫ewasmadetogiveupsmoking.（在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要加上不定式符號(hào)to）Somebodysawthethiefentertheoffice.有人看見(jiàn)小偷進(jìn)了辦公室?！鶷hethiefwasseentoentertheoffice.（在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要加上不定式符號(hào)to）2.帶雙賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中如果有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)和直接賓語(yǔ)），變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，通常把間接賓語(yǔ)（指人的）變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)保留不變。如果把直接賓語(yǔ)（指物的）變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，則需在保留賓語(yǔ)之前加上介詞to或for。Hegivesmeabook.→Iamgivenabook.→Abookisgiventome.他給我一本書。Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.→Iwasboughtanewbikebymyfather.→Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.父親給我買了輛新自行車。▲雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)可用to改寫的動(dòng)詞有：give,pass,hand,lend,award,leave,return,send,show,teach,tell,throw,bring,offer,owe,pay,permit,promise,read,refuse,sell,take,write等?！p賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)可用for改寫的動(dòng)詞有：buy,cook,do,fetch,choose,sing,make,find,save,get,order,paint,play,reach,spare等。3.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)①在由“動(dòng)詞+副詞/介詞”或“動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，要把它們作為整體看待，注意不要把副詞或介詞遺漏。Thebabyislookedaftercarefully.那個(gè)孩子被仔細(xì)地照看著。Theboywasoftenlaughedatinpublic.這男孩常常在公共場(chǎng)合被嘲笑。Thepoorwerelookeddownuponinthepast.過(guò)去窮人被瞧不起。這類結(jié)構(gòu)有：a.動(dòng)詞+副詞：bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,takeup,thinkover,turndown,turnout,wipeout,workout等。b.動(dòng)詞+介詞：agreeto,askfor,callfor,laughat,listento,lookafter,operateon,sendfor等。c.動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞：doawaywith,faceupto,giveinto,lookdownupon,makeupfor等。②在由“動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可以有兩種形式，第一種形式是把“動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞”作為整體看待；第二種形式是把其中的“動(dòng)詞+名詞”作為“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)處理。Youpayattentiontoyourpronunciation.你要注意你的發(fā)音?！鶼ourpronunciationispaidattentionto.→Attentionispaidtoyourpronunciation.Sheistakinggoodcareofthebabies.她正在好好照看那些嬰兒?！鶷hebabiesarebeingtakengoodcareof.→Goodcareisbeingtakenofthebabies.這類被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有:catchsightof,keepaneyeon,makeuseof,makeafoolof,payattentionto,putanendto,setfire/lightto,takecareof,takeholdof,takenoticeof等。4.含有名詞性從句的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)帶有賓語(yǔ)從句的句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，通常用it來(lái)作為被動(dòng)句的形式主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)從句變成了主語(yǔ)從句，即“Itis+P.P.+that…”。這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以改為“主語(yǔ)+be+過(guò)去分詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”形式。TheysaythatJimhasgotthefirstplaceintheexam.據(jù)說(shuō)吉姆在考試中得了第一。→ItissaidthatJimhasgotthefirstplaceintheexam.→Jimissaidtohavegotthefirstplaceintheexam.Peoplethinkthathetoldalie.人們認(rèn)為他說(shuō)了謊?！鶬tisthoughtthathetoldalie.→Heisthoughttohavetoldalie.常見(jiàn)的含有名詞性從句的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的句型有：Itissaid/reported/believed/hoped/wellknownthat…據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道/據(jù)認(rèn)為/據(jù)希望/眾所周知……5.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)由及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的不定式和-ing形式有時(shí)有被動(dòng)形式。a.tobedone和tohavebeendone當(dāng)邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)式。Thebooksinthisroomarenottobetakenoutside.這個(gè)房間的書不得帶出去。Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere.我很榮幸被邀在此講話。Hisfilmissaidtohavebeenshowninmanycountries.據(jù)說(shuō)他的電影已經(jīng)在很多國(guó)家放映過(guò)。b.beingdone和havingbeendone當(dāng)邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞ing形式表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，這個(gè)ing形式一般要用被動(dòng)式。動(dòng)詞ing形式的被動(dòng)式主要用于介詞或部分及物動(dòng)詞之后，有時(shí)也可用作主語(yǔ)。Mostfilmstarsdon’tenjoybeinginterviewed.大部分影星都不喜歡被采訪。WecongratulatedhimonbeingadmittedtotheParty.我們祝賀他被吸收入黨。IstillrememberhavingbeentakentotheDisneylandasasmallchild.我還記得小時(shí)候被帶到迪斯尼樂(lè)園去的情景。6.“get+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有時(shí)可用“get+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示（get通常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)），強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，其后的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者（即by的短語(yǔ)）一般不表示出來(lái)。Hegotinjuredwhileplayingfootball.他在踢球時(shí)受了傷。IgotdressedasquicklyasIcould.我盡快地穿好了衣服。類似：getdrunk/trapped/burnt/paid/hit…典題賞析：1)Itwasrainingheavilyoutside,thechildrenweremade____________(stay)intheclassroom.2)Shakespeareissaid______________________(write)37famousplaysinhislifetime.3)LittleJimshouldlove________________________(take)tothetheatrethisevening.4)Afterhebecameconscious,heremembered__________________(attack)andhitonthehead5)Thesquirrelwassoluckythatitjustmissed_______________________(catch).6)Shewillstopshowingoffifnonotice____________________(take)ofher.7)Sarah,hurryup.I’mafraidyouwouldn’thavetimetoget________(change)beforetheparty.tostay;tohavewritten;tobetaken;havingbeenattacked;beingcaught;istaken;changedtostay;tohavewritten;tobetaken;havingbeenattacked;beingcaught;istaken;changed六、使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題：1.主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義①“系動(dòng)詞+形容詞/名詞”構(gòu)成的結(jié)構(gòu)，用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式表示被動(dòng)的意義。這類系動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)ook,sound,feel,taste,smell,appear,seem,go,turn,become,get,grow,fall,come,prove,keep,stay,remain等。Therosessmellsweet.玫瑰花聞起來(lái)很香。Cottonfeelssoft.棉花摸起來(lái)很軟。Goodmedicinetastesbitter.良藥苦口。Yoursentencedoesn’tsoundright.你的話聽起來(lái)不大對(duì)頭。Whathesaidprovedtobecorrect.事實(shí)證明他的話是正確的。②表示開始、結(jié)束的動(dòng)詞如begin,start,finish,close,stop,end等，用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式表示被動(dòng)的意義。Classbeginsateight.八點(diǎn)鐘開始上課。Theshopclosesat6p.m.everyday.商店每天下午六點(diǎn)鐘關(guān)門。③表示主語(yǔ)某種屬性特征的動(dòng)詞如sell,read,write,wear,wash,clean,cook,cut,measure,run,record,draw,drive,dry,drink等，當(dāng)它們與well,easily,badly,smoothly,perfectly等副詞連用時(shí)，用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式表示被動(dòng)的意義。Thebooksellswell.這本書很暢銷。Themachinerunswell.機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好。Yourcompositionreadswell.你的作文讀起來(lái)很不錯(cuò)。Thispenwritessmoothly.這支鋼筆好用。Thiscoatwearswell.這件大衣經(jīng)穿。④在口語(yǔ)中，一些動(dòng)詞如lock,shut,open,act,move等與can’t或won’t連用，用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式表示被動(dòng)的意義。Hiscarcan’tmove.他的車不能開了。Thedoorwon’tlock.這門鎖不上。⑤有些動(dòng)詞如cook,fry,hang,print,build,make等用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。這時(shí)句子的主語(yǔ)必須是無(wú)生命的物體。Thedinneriscooking.(=isbeingcooked)正在燒飯。Thebookisprinting.(=isbeingprinted)書正在印刷中。Thehouseisbuilding.(=isbeingbuilt)房屋在修建中。Preparationsaremaking.(=arebeingmade)籌備工作正在進(jìn)行。⑥某些表示“發(fā)生”的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)，如happen,occur,takeplace,breakout,burstout,comeabout等沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其主動(dòng)形式含有被動(dòng)意義。Whendidtheaccidentoccur?事故發(fā)生在什么時(shí)候？Ithappenedyesterdayevening.這事發(fā)生在昨天晚上。TheAnti-JapaneseWarbrokeoutin1937.抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是1937年爆發(fā)的。May4thMovementtookplacein1919.五四運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生在1919年。⑦介詞“in,on,under,for,beyond,outof等+名詞”構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)含義。常見(jiàn)的有：inprint在印刷中insight在視野范圍內(nèi)onsale出售onshow展出ontrial受審undercontrol在控制中underrepair在修理中undertreatment在治療中underdiscussion在討論中underconstruction在建設(shè)中underconsideration在考慮中underattack遭受攻擊beyondone’sreach夠不著，力所不及beyondone’scontrol無(wú)法控制beyondbelief令人難以置信forsale待售forrent出租outofsight超出視線之外outofone’sreach夠不著，力所不及outoffashion過(guò)時(shí)，不流行Thesuggestionisunderdiscussion.(=isbeingdiscussed)這條建議正在討論中。Todaysometreasuresareonshowinthemuseum.(=arebeingshown)今天一些寶物在博物館里展出。⑧在want,need,require,deserve,beworth等動(dòng)詞后面接doing,用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Theclassroomwantscleaning.(=tobecleaned.)教室需要打掃。Thisfilmiswellworthseeing.這部電影很值得一看。⑨在“形容詞+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞不定式與句子的主語(yǔ)盡管存在著動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但往往用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。這類形容詞有easy,hard,difficult,fit,heavy,nice,safe,comfortable,convenient,dangerous,awkward,impossible,interesting,pleasant,expensive,cheap等。Histelephonenumberiseasytoremember.他的電話號(hào)碼很好記。Thatmanisdifficulttodealwith.那個(gè)人很難對(duì)付。⑩在“too…to…”，“…enoughto…”結(jié)構(gòu)中，可用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Theboxistooheavytolift.這個(gè)箱子太重了，抬不動(dòng)。Nowcomputersarecheapenoughtobuy.現(xiàn)在計(jì)算機(jī)很便宜，可以買得起。?不定式用于某些動(dòng)詞(如have,get,want,need等)的賓語(yǔ)后作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)如果是句中主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，就用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Ihavealotofworktodo.我今天有很多工作要做。(主語(yǔ)I是不定式todo的邏輯主語(yǔ))I’llgivehimsomethingtoread.我要給他些書讀。(賓語(yǔ)him是不定式toread的邏輯主語(yǔ))注意：如果不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子是主語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)式，比較：Ihavesomethingtotype.我有些東西要打。（指自己打字）Ihavesomethingtobetyped.我有些東西要打。(指請(qǐng)人打字)?在“This(That)is+名詞”的句型中，修飾表語(yǔ)的不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thisisahardquestiontoanswer.這是個(gè)很難回答的問(wèn)題。?作表語(yǔ)的不定式toblame,tolet,toseek等，常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Nobodywastoblamefortheaccident.這個(gè)事故，誰(shuí)也不能責(zé)怪。Thecaristolet.汽車出租。Thecauseofthebigfireisnotfartoseek.那次大火的原因不難找。典題賞析：1)Thatisaniceplace____________________(visit).2)Thispageneeded_______________(check)again.3)Itisdifficultforaforeigner________________(write)Chinese.4)Yououghttohaveputthemilkintherefrigerator,nowit______________(smell)sour.5)—Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?—Oh,excellent.It’sworth______________(read)asecondtime.6)________________(drive)well,thiskindofcarispopularamongmanyyoungladies.7)Booksofthiskind_________________(sell)well.8)Thebookisnotinterestingenough______________________(publish).9)Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_____________(breathe).10)Ihavenomoreletters_______________________(type),thankyou.11)Thefood_________________(cook)easilyandsellswell.12)Thewindowsofthebuildingcan’t________________(close).13)Thiskindofbuildingmaterialdoesn’t________________(burn)easily.14)Ifeelitisyourhusbandwhois_____________________(blame)forthespoiledchild.15)Thispen________________(write)well.16)Ican’tgowithyou,becauseIhavealotofthings___________________(settle).17)Don’tbeworried.Yourproblemsare___________________（在討論中）.1)tovisit2)checking/tobechecked3)towrite4)smells5)reading6)Driving7)sell8)topublish9)tobreathe10)tobetyped11)cooks12)close13)burn14)toblame15)writes16)tosettle17)underdiscussion1)tovisit2)checking/tobechecked3)towrite4)smells5)reading6)Driving7)sell8)topublish9)tobreathe10)tobetyped11)cooks12)close13)burn14)toblame15)writes16)tosettle17)underdiscussion2.被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義①be+反身動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞反身動(dòng)詞指的是“及物動(dòng)詞+反身代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示動(dòng)作反射到動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者本身，即主語(yǔ)即是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，又是動(dòng)作的承受者。Sheseatedherselfinthemiddleoftheclassroom.Shewasseatedinthemiddleoftheclassroom.她坐在教室的中間。Theboylosthimselfintheforest.Theboywaslostintheforest.那個(gè)男孩在森林里迷路了。Thewomandressedherselfinaredskirt.Thewomanwasdressedinaredskirt.那位婦女穿著一條紅色的裙子。②be+不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Hisfeverisgone.他的燒已經(jīng)退了。Heisadvancedinyears.他年紀(jì)已經(jīng)很大了。③be+表示情感的過(guò)去分詞AndywasboredwithlisteningtothesameCDeveryday.安迪對(duì)每天聽同樣的CD感到厭煩。IwasborninJiangsu.我出生在江蘇。Mydadwasdisappointedbymytestresults.爸爸對(duì)我的測(cè)試結(jié)果感到失望。這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：besurprisedat/by,bepuzzledby,bepleasedwith,besatisfiedwith,betiredwith/from,betiredof,beinterestedin,befrozenwith等。3.不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)①不及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Thestorywashappenedonacoldmorning.(×)Thestoryhappenedonacoldmorning.(√)故事發(fā)生在一個(gè)寒冷的早晨。Thecarwasbrokendownhalfway.(×)Thecarbrokedownhalfway.(√)汽車中途拋錨了。②表示狀態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。這類動(dòng)詞有have（有），own（擁有），possess（占有），contain（包含），lack（缺乏），want（缺少），resemble（類似），benefit（有益于），hold（容納），suit（合適），belongto（屬于）等。Ihaveabook.我有一本書。Theyownabighouse.他們擁有一所大房子。③當(dāng)動(dòng)詞get,take表示“懂得，知道”，owe表示“欠”，cost表示“使失去（生命，健康等）”等意思時(shí)，動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Doyougetthequestion?你明白這個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎？Iowe40poundstoyou.我欠你40英鎊。Hiscarelessdrivingcosthimhislife.他的粗心駕駛使他喪了命。④謂語(yǔ)是不可拆開的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如keepsilence,loseheart等，及部分動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)如belongto,consistof,makeaface,shakehands,makeroomfor等。Ourheartisneverlost.(×)Weneverlostheart.(√)我們從不灰心。Thiscarisbelongedtome.(×)Thiscarbelongstome.(√)這輛車是屬于我的。⑤當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞、相互代詞或非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一般沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Theyenjoyedthemselvesattheparty.他們?cè)谕頃?huì)上玩得很愉快。Weshouldhelpeachother.我們應(yīng)該互相幫助。Herecommendedbuyingthisgrammarbook.他建議買這本語(yǔ)法書。Hewantstogothereatonce.他想要馬上去那兒。⑥同源賓語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Shedreamtabaddreamlastnight.昨晚她做了個(gè)噩夢(mèng)。Wearelivingahappylife.我們正過(guò)著幸福的生活。LiuHulandiedagloriousdeath.劉胡蘭死的光榮。⑦當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是身體的一部分時(shí)，一般沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但有些結(jié)構(gòu)如fixone’seyeson等除外。Ican’tbelievemyeyeswhenIsawhimstillalive.看到他還活著，我簡(jiǎn)直不相信自己的眼睛。Thedoctorshookhisheadandwentaway.那位醫(yī)生搖了搖頭走開了。⑧當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)起狀語(yǔ)作用，表示數(shù)量、重量、大小或程度時(shí)，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Thisbookcosts10yuan.這本書值10元。Thisboxweighs100kilograms.這個(gè)箱子重100千克。⑨如果enter,leave,reach,join的賓語(yǔ)是地點(diǎn)、組織等時(shí)，不能改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Fiveyearsagohelefthishometown.五年前他離開了家鄉(xiāng)。Heenteredtheclassroom.他走進(jìn)教室。典題賞析：1)Thecomputersonthetable______________(belong)toProfessorSmith.2)Thisroom__________________(measure)30feetlongand25feetwide.3)TheSecondWorldWar____________________(breakout)in1939.4)TheFrench-PrussianWar__________________(last)aboutsixmonths.5)Thehugestone________________(weigh)300tons.1)belong2)measures3)brokeout4)lasted5)weighs1)belong2)measures3)brokeout4)lasted5)weighs七、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)和系表結(jié)構(gòu)的比較：“be+過(guò)去分詞”可以是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，也可以是系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，其區(qū)別在于：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作；可以有各種時(shí)態(tài)。而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)、狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)；只有一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)。Theglassisbrokenbytheboy.玻璃杯被那個(gè)男孩打碎了。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Theglassisbroken.玻璃杯碎了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）注：系表結(jié)構(gòu)常和一些固定的介詞搭配：begraduatedfrom畢業(yè)于bepreparedfor為……作準(zhǔn)備bemarriedto和……結(jié)婚beengagedto和……訂婚bedevotedto致力于，專心于belinedwith排列著besituatedin位于bestationedat駐扎beconcernedabout關(guān)心beaccustomed/usedto習(xí)慣于beoccupiedin忙于besettledin在……定居bebasedon以……為基礎(chǔ)belocatedin位于beopposedto反對(duì)beaddictedto沉溺于benotedfor因……而聞名beabsorbedin全神貫注一、高考題改編：1.（19江蘇卷33）Theyaretryingtomakesurethat5Gterminals___________________(install)by2022fortheBeijingWinterOlympics.2.（19天津卷8）Amy,aswellasherbrothers,___________________(give)awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.3.（18江蘇卷30）Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan_________(carryout)inthepasttwoyears.4.（18天津卷13）Mywashingmachine____________________(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.5.（17北京卷29）Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones________________________(invent)yet.6.（16江蘇卷22）Moreefforts,asreported,____________________________(make)intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupply-sidestructuralreform.7.（2015重慶卷13）Inmyhometown,thereisalwaysaharvestsupperforthefarmersafterallthewheat_______________________(cut).8.（2015天津卷9）Despitethepreviousroundsof