古典文學(xué)翻譯范例之一：紅樓夢Hongloumeng；The St

古典文學(xué)翻譯范例之一：

紅樓夢兩種英譯本之比較ComparisonbetweenTwoEnglishVersionsofHongloumengTheDreamofRedMansions(楊憲益譯：Yang）TheStoryoftheStone；（Hawkes譯)【原文】《紅樓夢》（節(jié)選）第三回金陵城起復(fù)賈雨村榮國府收養(yǎng)林黛玉楊譯：CHAPTER3LinJu-haiRecommendsaTutortoHisBrother-in-lawTheLadyDowagerSendsforHerMotherlessGrand-Daughter霍克斯譯：CHAPTER3LinRu-hairecommendsaprivatetutortohisbrother-in-lawAndOldLadyJiaextendsacompassionatewelcometothemotherlesschild那女學(xué)生黛玉,身體方愈,原不忍棄父而往,無奈他外祖母致意務(wù)在必去,且兼如海說:"汝父年將半百,再無續(xù)室之意,且汝多病,年又極小,上無親母教養(yǎng),下無姊妹兄弟扶持,今依傍外祖母及舅氏姊妹去,正好減我顧盼之憂,何反云不往?"Yang:HispupilTai-ju,whohadjustgotoverillness,couldhardlybeartoleaveherfather,butshehadtocomplywiththewishesofhergrandmother.“Iamnearlyfiftyanddon’tintendtomarryagain,”Ju-haitoldher.“Youareyounganddelicate,withnomothertotakecareofyou,nosistersorbrotherstolookafteryou.Ifyougotostaywithyourgrandmotheranduncles’girls,thatwilltakeagreatloadoffmymind.Howcanyourefuse?”Hawkes:Atfirsthislittlepupilcouldnotbepersuadedtopartfromherfather;buthergrandmotherwasinsistentthatsheshouldgo,andRu-haiaddedhisownreasons.“I’mhalfacenturyoldnow,mydear,andIhavenointentionoftakingasecondwife;sotherewillbenooneheretoactasamothertoyou.Itisn’teither,asifyouhadsisterswhocouldhelptotakecareofyou.Youknowhowoftenyouarepoorly.Andyouarestillveryyoung.ItwouldbeagreatweightoffmymindtoknowthatyouhadyourGrandmotherandyouruncles’girlstofallbackon.Ireallythinkyououghttogo.”黛玉聽了,方灑淚拜別,隨了奶娘及榮府幾個老婦人，登舟而去。雨村另有一只船,帶兩個小童,依附黛玉而行。

Yang:Sopartingfromhiminafloodoftears,sheembarkedwithhernurseandsomeelderlymaid-servantsfromtheJungMansion,followedbyYu-tsunandtwopagesinanotherjunk.Hawkes:AfterthisDai-yucouldonlytakeatearfulleaveofherfatherandgodowntotheboatwithhernurseandtheoldwomenfromtheRongmansionwhohadbeensenttofetchher.TherewasaseparateboatforYu-cunandacoupleofservant-boystowaitonhim,andhetoonowembarkedinthecapacityofDai-yu’sescort.有日到了都中,進入神京,雨村先整了衣冠,帶了小童,拿著宗侄的名帖,至榮府的門前投了。彼時賈政已看了妹丈之書,即忙請入相會。Induecoursetheyreachedthecapitalandenteredthecity.Yu-tsunsprucedhimselfupandwentwithhispagestothegateoftheJungMansion,wherehehandedinhisvisiting-cardonwhichhehadstyledhimselfChiaCheng’s“nephew”.

ChiaCheng,whohadreceivedhisbrother-in-law’sletter,lostnotimeinaskinghimin.Induecoursetheyarrivedinthecapital,andYu-cun,dressedinhisbestandwiththetwoservant-boysathisheels,betookhimselftothegateofRongmansionandhandedinhisvisiting-card,onwhichhehadbeencarefultoprefixtheword“kinsman”tohisownname.BythistimeJia

Zhenghadalreadyseenhisbrother-in-law’sletter,andaccordedhimaninterviewwithoutdelay.見雨村相貌魁偉,言語不俗,且這賈政最喜讀書人,禮賢下士,濟弱扶危,大有祖風(fēng)；況又系妹丈致意,因此優(yōu)待雨村,更又不同,便竭力內(nèi)中協(xié)助,Yu-tsuncutanimpressivefigureandwasbynomeansvulgarinhisconversation.SinceChiaChengwaswell-disposedtoscholarsand,likehisgrandfatherbeforehim,delightedinhonoringworthymenoflettersandhelpingthoseindistress,andsincemoreoverhisbrother-in-lawhadrecommendedYu-tsun,hetreatedhimuncommonlywellanddidallhispowertohelphim.Yu-cun’simposinglooksandcultivatedspeechmadeanexcellentimpressiononJia

Zheng,whowasinanycasealwayswell-disposedtowardsscholars,andpreservedmuchofhisgrandfather’saffabilitywithmenoflettersandreadinesstohelpetheminanysortoftroubleordistress.Andsincehisowninclinationswereinthiscasereinforcedbyhisbrother-in-law’sstrongrecommendation,thetreatmentheextendedtoYu-cunwasexceptionallyfavourable.題奏之日,輕輕謀了一個復(fù)職候缺,不上兩個月,金陵應(yīng)天府缺出,便謀補了此缺,拜辭了賈政,擇日上任去了。不在話下。

ThesamedaythathepresentedapetitiontothethroneYu-tsunwasrehabilitatedandorderedtoawaitanappointment.InlessthantwomonthshewassenttoChinlingtofillthevacantedpostofprefectofYingtien.TakingleaveofChiaChenghechoseadaytoproceedtohisnewpost.Butnomoreofthis.HeexertedhimselfonhisbehalftosuchgoodeffectthatontheverydayhispetitionwaspresentedYu-cun’sreinstatementwasapproved,andbeforetwomonthswereouthewasappointedtothemagistracyofYing-tian-fuinNanking.Thither,havingchosenasuitabledayonwhichtocommencehisjourney,andhavingfirsttakenhisleaveofJia

Zheng,henowrepairedtotakeuphisduties.Butofhim,forthetimebeing,nomore.

且說黛玉自那日棄舟登岸時,便有榮國府打發(fā)了轎子并拉行李的車輛久候了。這林黛玉常聽得母親說過,他外祖母家與別家不同。他近日所見的這幾個三等仆婦,吃穿用度,已是不凡了,何況今至其家。ToreturntoTai-yu.Whenshedisembarked,asedan-chairfromtheJungMansionandcartsforherluggagewerewaitinginreadiness.Shehadheardagreatdealfromhermotheraboutthemagnificenceofhergrandmother’shome;andduringthelastfewdaysshehadbeenimpressedbythefood,costumesandbehaviouroftherelativelylow-rankingattendantsescortingher.ShehadoftenheardhermothersaythatherGrandmotherJia’shomewasnotlikeotherpeople’shouses.Theservantsshehadbeenincontactwithduringthepastfewdayswerecomparativelylow-rankingonesinthedomestichierarchy,yetthefoodtheyate,theclothestheywore,andeverythingaboutthemwasquiteoutoftheordinary.Dai-yutriedtoimaginewhatthepeoplewhohademployedthesesuperiorbeingsmustbelike.Onthedayofherarrivalinthecapital,Tai-yusteppedashoretofindcoveredchairsfromtheRongmansionforherandherwomenandacartfortheluggagereadywaitingonthequay.因此步步留心,時時在意,不肯輕易多說一句話,多行一步路,惟恐被人恥笑了去。自上了轎,進入城中，從紗窗向外瞧了一瞧,其街市之繁華,人煙之阜盛,自與別處不同。Shemustwatchherstepinhernewhome,shedecided,beonguardeverymomentandweigheveryword,soasnottobelaughedatforanyfoolishblunder.Asshewascarriedintothecityshepeepedoutthroughthegauzewindowofthechairatthebustleinthestreetsandthecrowdsofpeople,thelikeofwhichshehadneverseenbefore.Whenshearrivedattheirhouseshewouldhavetowatcheverystepshetookandweigheverywordshesaid,forifsheputafootwrongtheywouldsurelylaughhertoscorn.Dai-yugotintoherchairandwassooncarriedthroughthecitywalls.Peepingthroughthegauzepanelwhichservedasawindow,shecouldseestreetsandbuildingsmorerichandelegantandthrongsofpeoplemorelivelyandnumerousthanshehadeverseeninherlifebefore.又行了半日,忽見街北蹲著兩個大石獅子,三間獸頭大門,門前列坐著十來個華冠麗服之人。正門卻不開,只有東西兩角門有人出入。正門之上有一匾,匾上大書"敕造寧國府"五個大字。Afterwhatseemedalongtimetheycametoastreetwithtwohugestonelionscrouchingonthenorthside,flankingagreattriplegatewithbeast-headknockers,infrontofwhichtenormoremeninsmartliveryweresitting.Thecentralgatewasshut,butpeoplewerepassinginandoutofthesmallersidegates.Onaboardabovethemaingatewaswritteninlargecharacters:NingkuoMansionBuiltatImperialCommand.Afterbeingcarriedforwhatseemedtobeaverygreatlengthoftime,shesaw,onthenorthfrontoftheeast-weststreetthroughwhichtheywerepassing,twogreatstonelionscrouchedoneachsideofatriplegatewaywhosedoorswereembellishedwithanimal-heads.Infrontofthegatewaytenorsosplendidlydressedflunkeyssatinarrow.Thecenterofthethreegateswasclosed,butpeopleweregoinginandoutofthetwosideones.Therewasaboardabovethecentergateonwhichwerewritteninlargecharactersthewords:NING-GUOHOUSEFoundedandConstructedbyImperialCommand黛玉想道:這必是外祖之長房了。想著,又往西行,不多遠,照樣也是三間大門,方是榮國府了。卻不進正門,只進了西邊角門。那轎夫抬進去,走了一射之地,將轉(zhuǎn)彎時,便歇下退出去了。Tai-yurealizedthatthismustbewheretheelderbranchofherGrandmother’sfamilylived.Alittlefurthertothewesttheycametoanotherimposingtriplegate.ThiswastheJungMansion.Insteadofgoingthroughthemaingate,theyenteredbythesmalleroneonthewest.Thebearerscarriedthechairabow-shotfurther,thensetitdownataturningandwithdrew.Ignoringthecentralgate,herbearerswentinbytheeasternentranceandaftertraversingthedistanceofabowshotinside,halfturnedacornerandsetthechairdown.Thechairsofherfemaleattendantswhichwerefollowingbehindweresetdownsimultaneouslyandtheoldwomengotout.TheplacesofDai-yu’sbearersweretakenbyfourhandsome,fresh-facedpagesofseventeenoreighteen.Theyshoulderedherchairand,withtheoldwomennowfollowingonfoot,carrieditasfarasanornamentalinnergate.Theretheysetitdownagainandthenretiredinrespectfulsilence.后面的婆子們已都下了轎,趕上前來。另換了三四個衣帽周全十七八歲的小廝上來,復(fù)抬起轎子。眾婆子步下圍隨至一垂花門前落下。眾小廝退出,眾婆子上來打起轎簾,扶黛玉下轎。Themaid-servantsbehindTai-yuhadnowalightedandwereproceedingonfoot.Threeorfoursmartlydressedladsofseventeenoreighteenpickedupthechairand,followedbythemaids,carriedittoagatedecoratedwithoverhangingflowerypatternscarvedinwood.Therethebearerswithdrew,themaidsraisedthecurtainofthechair,helpedTai-yuoutandsupportedherthroughthegate.TheplacesofDai-yu’sbearersweretakenbyfourhandsome,fresh-facedpagesofseventeenoreighteen.Theyshoulderedherchairand,withtheoldwomennowfollowingonfoot,carrieditasfarasanornamentalinnergate.Theretheysetitdownagainandthenretiredinrespectfulsilence.Theoldwomencameforwardtothefrontofthechair,heldupthecurtain,andhelpedDai-yutogetout.林黛玉扶著婆子的手,進了垂花門,兩邊是抄手游廊,當(dāng)中是穿堂,當(dāng)?shù)胤胖粋€紫檀架子大理石的大插屏。轉(zhuǎn)過插屏,小小的三間廳,廳后就是后面的正房大院。正面五間上房,皆雕梁畫棟,兩邊穿山游廊廂房,掛著各色鸚鵡、畫眉等鳥雀。Inside,verandahsonbothsidesledtoathree-roomedentrancehallinthemiddleofwhichstoodascreenofmarbleinaredsandalwoodframe.Thehallgaveaccesstothelargecourtofthemainbuilding.Infrontwerefiveroomswithcarvedbeamsandpaintedpillars,andoneithersidewereroomswithcoveredpassageways.Cagesofbrilliantlycolouredparrots,thrushesandotherbirdshungundertheeavesoftheverandahs.Eachhandrestingontheoutstretchedhandofanelderlyattendant,Dai-yupassedthroughtheornamentalgateintoacourtyardwhichbalustradedloggiasrunningalongitssidesandacoveredpassage-waythroughthecenter.Theforegroundofthecourtyardbeyondwaspartiallyhiddenbyascreenofpolishedmarblesetinanelaborateredsandalwoodframe.Passingroundthescreenandthroughasmallreceptionhallbeyondit,theyenteredthelargecourtyardofthemansion’sprincipalapartments.Thesewerehousedinanimposingfive-framebuildingresplendentwithcarvedandpaintedbeamsandrafterswhichfacedthemacrossthecourtyard.Runningalongeithersideofthecourtyardweregallerieshungwithcagescontainingavarietyofdifferent-colouredparrots,cockatoos,white-eyes,andotherbirds.臺磯之上,坐著幾個穿紅著綠的丫頭,一見他們來了,便忙都笑迎上來,說:"剛才老太太還念呢,可巧就來了。"于是三四人爭著打起簾籠,一面聽得人回話:"林姑娘到了。"

Severalmaidsdressedinredandgreenrosefromtheterraceandhurriedtogreetthemwithsmiles.“Theoldladywasjusttalkingaboutyou,”theycried.“Andhereyouare.”Threeorfourofthemrantoraisethedoor-curtain,andavoicecouldbeheardannouncing,“MissLinishere.”Somegaily-dressedmaidsweresittingonthestepsofthemainbuildingopposite.Attheappearanceofthevisitorstheyrosetotheirfeetandcameforwardwithsmilingfacestowelcomethem.“You’vecomejustattherighttime!LadyJiawasonlythismomentaskingaboutyou.”Threeorfourofthemrantolifeupthedoor-curtain,whileanotherofthemannouncedinloudtones,“MissLinishere!”

黛玉方進入房時,只見兩個人攙著一位鬢發(fā)如銀的老母迎上來,黛玉便知是他外祖母。方欲拜見時,早被他外祖母一把摟入懷中,“心肝兒肉”叫著大哭起來。AsTai-yuentered,asilver-hairedoldladysupportedbytwomaidsadvancedtomeether.Sheknewthatthismustbehergrandmother,butbeforeshecouldkowtowtheoldladythrewbotharmsaroundher.“Dearheart!Fleshofmychild!”shecried,andburstoutsobbing.AsDai-yuenteredtheroomshesawasilver-hairedoldladyadvancingtomeether,supportedoneithersidebyaservant.SheknewthatthismustbeherGrandmotherJiaandwouldhavefallenonherkneesandmadeherkotow,butbeforeshecoulddosohergrandmotherhadcaughtherinherarmsandpressinghertoherbosomwithcriesof“Mypet!”and“Mypoorlamb!”burstintoloudsobs,當(dāng)下地下侍立之人,無不掩面涕泣,黛玉也哭個不住。一時眾人慢慢解勸住了,黛玉方拜見了外祖母。此即冷子興所云之史氏太君,賈赦賈政之母也。當(dāng)下賈母一一指與黛玉:"這是你大舅母,這是你二舅母,這是你先珠大哥的媳婦珠大嫂子。"黛玉一一拜見過。……Alltheattendantscoveredtheirfacesandwept,andTai-yuherselfcou