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Unit8
BuildingMaterials建筑材料DialoguePassageAExercisesObjectives單擊進入單擊進入單擊進入單擊進入TeachingStepsObjectives3.Introducesomereadingskills1.Tellushowtopourconcreteandhowtocureit.2.Talkaboutvarioustypesofcement.主菜單DIALOGUE
A:Concreteisabuildingmaterialofmoderntimes.Whendiditappear?
B:Iamafraidyoumadethesamemistakeasmanypeopledo.Asamatteroffact,itshistorybeganwiththeRomans,whousedittobuildtheir
aqueductsandamphitheatres.ColosseuninRomePantheoninRome主菜單A:AsfarasIknow,concreteisamixtureofwater,gravelandsandwithPortlandcement.Astheworkmenareconcerned,addingplentyofwatermakesplacementoftheconcreteeasier.B:Youmustrememberthatthegreatertheproportionofwaterinwater-cementratiois,theweakerthefinalconcretewillbe.Whenanexcessiveamountofwaterhasbeenused,therewillbeanexcessivenumberofvoids,whichmaycausetheconcretetoleakbadly.DIALOGUE水灰比A:Oh,Isee.HowCanitbecured?B:Thetimeduringwhichconcretehydratesandincreasesinstrengthisitscuringperiod.Throughoutthecuringperiod,therefore,alltheexposedsurfacesoftheconcretemustbekeptmoist.Onlyinthiswaywilltheconcretebecomeincreasinglystronger,denserandmoreimpervioustowater.DIALOGUE養(yǎng)護期A:Howlongisthecuringperiod?B:Theconcretemustbekeptcontinuallymoistfor14daysandlongerifatallpossible.water
gravel
sand混凝土的組成thecompositionofconcretecement混凝土的養(yǎng)護
concretecuringThesurfaceiscoveredtokeepitmoist.DIALOGUE1.material:withwhichsomethingismade2.cement:greypower(madebyburninglimeandclay)which,afterbeingwetted,becomeshardandisusedforbuildingWordsandPhrases3.aqueduct:astructureofcarryingwater,usuallybuiltlikeabridgeacrossavalleyorlowground4.amphitheatre:acircularbuildingwithoutaroofandwithrowsofseatsthatriseinstepsaroundanopenspace,oftenusedinancientGreeceandRomeforpublicentertainment5.Portlandcement:anameofplaceinAmericawhereitisfamousforitscement返回返回返回返回返回8.hydrate:chemicalcompoundofwaterwithothersubstances9.curingperiod:thetimeduringwhichconcretehydratesandincreases10.moist:wet11.impervious:portion&ratio:
relationbetweentwoamountsdeterminedbythenumberoftimesonecontainstheothervoid:empty,vacantWordsandPhrases
返回返回返回返回返回返回BuildingMaterialsThematerialsarethebasicelementsofanybuilding.Buildingmaterialsmaybeclassifiedintothreegroups,accordingtothepurposestheyareusedfor.
Structuralmaterialsarethosethatholdthebuildingup,keepitrigid,formitsoutercoveringofwallsandroof,anddivideitsinteriorintorooms.Inthesecondgrouparematerialsfortheequipmentsinsidethebuilding,suchastheplumbing,heatingandlightingsystems.Finally,therearematerialsthatareusedtoprotectordecorateothermaterials.主菜單structuralmaterialsequipmentsmaterialsTheClassificationofConstructionMaterialsotherdecoratingmaterialsTheclassificationofconstructionmaterialsSteelandconcretearethemostwidelyusedstructuralmaterialstoday.Steelistrulyanall-aroundmaterial.Itisnearlyasdurableasstone.Butitmustbepaintedtopreventitfromrusting.Inmodernconstructionsteelisusedforthesupportingframeworkoflargebuildings.steelBuildingMaterials
Cementisanimportantbuildingmaterial.OfthevariousPortlandcements,thefollowingvarietiesarenowgenerallyavailablefromthemarketsintheindustrializedcountries.OrdinaryPortlandcement,whichisthecheapest;(普通硅酸鹽水泥,這是最便宜的)
(2)Rapid-hardeningcement,whichisslightlymoreexpensivethan(1);(快硬水泥,比普通硅酸鹽水泥略貴)(3)Sulphate-resistingcement;(耐硫酸鹽水泥)concreteLang-churchinFranceBuildingMaterials(4)Air-entrainingcementwhichgreatlyimprovesthefrostresistanceoftheconcrete.;(加氣水泥,大大改善混凝土的抗凍性)(5)Low-heatcementformassiveconstructionsuchasdams;(低熱水泥,用于大體積建筑,如大壩)(6)High-aluminacement,whichreachesaPortland28-daystrengthin24hourswithcorrespondinghighheat.Itscolorisnormallyblack.(高礬土水泥,通常為黑色,高礬土水泥經過24小時即可達到硅酸鹽水泥28天內才能達到的強度,同時發(fā)出高熱)
(7)Anotherhigh-aluminacement,whichisusedforfurnacelinings,iswhite.Itisseveraltimesmoreexpensivethantheblackvariety.(用作爐襯的高礬土水泥,呈白色,它比黑色高礬土水泥要昂貴幾倍。)BuildingMaterialsTheabove-mentionedcementsarewidelyusedontheconstructionsite.Nowlet’stalkaboutpipes.Pitchfiberisaneasilyjoinedpipeanditisasstrongasstonewarepipes,butitisnotsoresistanttoallcorrosiveorhotliquids.Asbestoscementpipes,ontheotherhand,canbeusedforliquidswithalmostanypurpose.Themoreexpensivesheetisnailable,almostasstrongaswoodandfullyfireproof.Thecheapersheetiseasilybrokenbyshockorpressureorundertheeffectofaframe.Plasticshavebeenwidelyusedforavarietyofaccessoryrolesinbuildingsincludingpanels,drainpipesanddecorativeceilings.BuildingMaterialspitchfiberpipeasbestoscementsheetplasticssheetCompositematerialsaregainingimportanceinbuildinghomes.Amodernmaterialinhousebuildingisglass-reinforcedpolyesterresin.Panelsofthismaterialarecompositesthemselves.Materialsusedfordoorsandwindowframesaretimber,steelandaluminumalloys.woodenwindowswrappedwithaluminum鋁包木窗plastic-steelwindows塑鋼窗aluminum
windows鋁合金窗BuildingMaterialsEXERCISES1.Theweatherforecastsaysthattherewillbeaheavy____heretomorrow.2.Thepeopleinthearea
floods.3.Thesehousescatchfireeasilyasthebuildingmaterialsaren’t
.4.Aseverybody
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