華中科技大學博士論文答辯會

2011ComputerCommunications

ArchitecturesforthefuturenetworksandthenextgenerationInternet:AsurveyPresentedby:張成偉Email:zhangcw@Phoneuthor:

SubharthiPaul,JianliPan,RajJainDepartmentofComputerScienceandEngineering,WashingtonUniversityinSaintLouis,UnitedStatesOutlineIntroductionInternet3.0(GINA)ContentDeliveryMechanismsContent-CentricNetworks(CCN)Data-OrientedNetworkArchitecture(DONA)ChallengedNetworkEnvironmentsFutureInternetProjectsTop10FeaturesofNextGenerationInternetResearchStudyReport21/12/2023IntroductionInternet1.0(1969–1989)–ResearchprojectRFC1isdatedApril1969.ARPAprojectstartedafewyearsearlier.IP,TCP,UDPMostlyresearchersIndustrywasbusywithproprietaryprotocols:SNA,DECnet,AppleTalk,XNSInternet2.0(1989–Present)–CommerceSecurityRFC1108in1989NSFnetbecamecommercialInter-domainrouting:BGP(Policy-based)AddressShortageIPv6CongestionControl,QualityofService,…WhatthelikeoftheNextGenerationInternet?ResearchStudyReport31/12/2023IntroductionWhyweneedthenextGenerationInternet?SecurityNoconceptofownershipIdentityandlocationinone(IPAddress)Assumesliveandawakeend-systemNorepresentationforrealendsystem:thehumanClean-StateDesignNottakethecurrentarchitectureintoconsiderationallclean,allfreshResearchStudyReport41/12/2023R.Jain,``Internet3.0:TenProblemswithCurrentInternetArchitectureandSolutionsfortheNextGeneration,"ProceedingsofMilitaryCommunicationsConference(MILCOM2006),Washington,DC,October23-25,2006Names,IDs,LocatorsName:JohnSmithID:012-34-5678Locator:1234MainStreetBigCity,MO12345USALocatorchangesasyoumove,IDandNamesremainthesame.Examples:Names:Companynames,DNSnames(Microsoft)IDs:Cellphonenumbers,800-numbers,Ethernetaddresses,SkypeID,VOIPPhonenumberLocators:Wiredphonenumbers,IPaddressesResearchStudyReport51/12/2023Internet3.0(GINA)Internet3.0isthenameoftheWashingtonUniversityprojectonthenextgenerationInternetGoal1:RepresentthecommercialrealityofdistributedInternetownershipandorganizationGoal2:DevelopacleanslatearchitecturetoovercomelimitationsofthecurrentinternetGoal3:DevelopanincrementalapproachtoimplementthearchitectureResearchStudyReport61/12/2023Object=AddressableEntityCurrent:End-SystemsandIntermediateSystemsGINA:Computers,Routers/Firewalls….NetworksHumansCompanies,Departments,Cities,States,Countries,PowergridsProcessinacomputerRecursive?SetofObjectsisalsooneobject,e.g.,NetworksofNetworksObjectsinGINAResearchStudyReport71/12/2023Youcanconnecttoahuman,organization,oradepartmentRealmsinGINAObjectnamesandIdsaredefinedwithinarealmArealmisalogicalgroupingofobjectsunderanadministrativedomainTheAdministrativedomainmaybebasedonTrustRelationshipsArealmrepresentsanorganizationRealmmanagerssetpoliciesforcommunicationsRealmmemberscanshareservicesObjectsaregenerallymembersofmultiplerealmsRealmBoundaries:Organizational,Governmental,ISP,P2P,…ResearchStudyReport81/12/2023Realm=AdministrativeGroupGINA:Multi-TierObject-OrientedViewObjectsprovideservices.HighertiersspecifytherequirementsTierservicebroker(shownbydottedline)composesaservicecannegotiatewithmultiplerealmsinthattierHighertiermaynot/neednotfinddetailsoflowertiersResearchStudyReport91/12/2023ContentdistributionmechanismsNextgenerationCDNNextgenerationP2PSwarmingarchitectureContentCentricNetworkingResearchStudyReport101/12/2023ContentdistributionmechanismsNextgenerationCDNNeithertheservernortheclientshaveanycontroloverthe“middlemile”FatFileParadox:itisthelengthofthepiperatherthanitswidththatdetermineshowfastalargefilecantravelthroughitHighlydistributedCDNsplaceserversattheedgenetworksSecurity,management,scalabilityandsynchronizationproblems.ResearchStudyReport111/12/2023NextgenerationP2PTheself-organizingandself-healingpropertiesofP2PnetworkshavethepotentialtobecomethepredominantcontentdistributionmechanismofthefutureInternet.Bandwidthprovision(Asymmetric)DynamicsharingTussleofinterestsbetweenP2PnetworksandISPsAwareoftheunderlyingtopologyandlocationofpeers.ResearchStudyReport121/12/2023SwarmingarchitectureUswarmA“swarm”isasetoflooselyconnectedhoststhatactinaselfishandhighlydecentralizedmannertoprovidelocalandsystemlevelrobustnessthroughactiveadaptation.(BitTorrent)AunifiedswarmingmodelResearchStudyReport131/12/2023Content-CentricNetworksIPcaresabout“Where”:forwardpacketsfromAtoBUserscareabout“What”:MovieXReplace“packets”with“DataObjects”or“Interests”(requests)Replace“Addresses”with“NamesofObjects”ResearchStudyReport141/12/2023V.Jacobson,etal,“NetworkingNamedContent,”toappearinCoNEXT2009,December2009Content-CentricNetworks:RoutingPolicyContentStore(CS):LocalcacheofdataPendingInterestTable(PIT):RecentrequestsforwardedForwardingInformationBase(FIB):KnowndatalocationsFaces:RequestingprocessesandhardwareinterfacesResearchStudyReport151/12/2023Content-CentricNetworks:RoutersOperationApplicationssend“Interest”indataXRouterlooksupinlocalstoreandsendsiffoundRouterlooksupinPIT,ifentryalreadyexistssomeonerequesteditrecentlyaddstheinterestfacetothesameentryRouterlooksupinFIB,ifentryexistsdatalocationisknownaPITentryismadetheinterestismulticastedtoallfacesintheFIBentrytheFIBentryisremovedIfthereisnoFIBentry,interestisdiscardedrouterdoesnotknowhowtogetthedataWhendataarrives,ContentStorematch?duplicate,discardPITmatch?ForwardtoallfacesFIBmatch?NoPIT?Unsolicited?DiscardDataprovidersregistertheirdata?CreatesFIBentriesResearchStudyReport161/12/2023DONA:Data-OrientedNetworkArchitectureDONAproposesanovelmechanismofexplicitlynamingthedataorserviceandroutingonthesenamesfordataorserviceaccess.DONAproposesreplacingDNSnameswithflat,self-certifyingnames,andreplacingDNSnameresolutionwithaname-basedanycastprimitivethatlivesabouttheIPlayer.ResearchStudyReport171/12/2023DONA:BasicDesignGoalCurrentInternetDONADesignProvidedbyPersistenceDNS,HTTPredirectNamesFlatnames,remaininvariantAuthenticityIPsec,PKI,TLSNamesSelf-certifyingnames,enableeasyauthenticationAvailabilityCDNs,P2PNameresolutionRoute-by-nameparadigmPersistenceThenameofaserviceordataobjectremainsvalidaslongastheserviceordataareavailableAvailabilityDataorserviceshouldhaveahighdegreeofreliabilityandacceptablelatencyAuthenticityDatacanbeverifiedtohavecomefromaparticularsourceResearchStudyReport181/12/2023T.Koponen,M.Chawla,B.chun,etal.,“Adataoriented(andbeyond)networkarchitecture,”ACMSIGCOMMComputerCommunicationReview,Volume37,Issue4,pp181-192,October2007.DONA:NamingMechanismDONAnamesareorganizedaroundprincipals.Eachprincipalisassociatedwithapublic-privatekeypairEachdatumorserviceoranyothernamedentity(host,domain,etc.)isassociatedwithaprincipalNamesareoftheformP:LPisthecryptographichashoftheprincipal’spublickeyLisalabelchosenbytheprincipal,whichensuresthatthesenamesareuniqueGranularityofnamingisleftuptoprincipalsAprincipalmightchoosetojustnameherwebsite,ornameherwebsiteandeachpagewithinit,ornameatafinergranularityResearchStudyReport191/12/2023DONA:NameResolutionNameResolution’sgoalistoachievehighavailability,byfindingclose-bycopiesandavoidingfailures.Route-by-nameparadigmInfrastructure:Resolutionhandlers(RHs)TwobasicprimitivesoperationsinthisdesignFIND(P:L)andREGISTER(P:L)FIND(P:L)locatetheobjectnamedP:LREGISTERmessagessetupthestatenecessaryfortheRHstorouteFINDseffectivelyResearchStudyReport201/12/2023AnymachineauthorizedtoserveadatumorservicewithnameP:LsendsaREGISTER(P:L)commandtoitsfirst-hopRHRHmaintainsaregistrationtablethatmapsanametobothanew-hopRHandthedistancetothecopy(insomemetric)REGISTERSareforwardedaccordingtointerdomainpolicies:REGISTERsfromcustomers(child)tobothpeersandprovidersREGISTERsfrompeersoptionallytoproviders/peersEstablishingREGISTERstate1/12/202321ResearchStudyReportForwardingFIND(P:L)WhenFIND(P:L)arrivestoaRH:Ifthereisanentryintheregistrationtable,theFINDissenttothenext-hopRHIfthereisnoentry,theRHforwardstheFINDtowardstoitsprovider(parent)Incaseofmultipleequalchoices,theRHusesitslocalpolicytochooseamongthemResearchStudyReport221/12/2023DONA:ChallengeGoalConcernApproachSecurityPrivatekeywillgetcompromisedKeyrevocationmechanismneededUsabilityFlatnamesarehardtorememberExternalmechanismsneededScalabilityHugeflatnamespaceMoreshortly…(localaddress)ResearchStudyReport231/12/2023DONA:UsingFunctionalitiesUsingFunctionalitiesUsingname-basedanycastServerSelectionMobilityandMultihomingMulticastStateEstablishmentImprovingcontentdeliveryCachingSubscriptionsAvoidingMisbehavingandOverloadedServersResearchStudyReport241/12/2023CCNVS.DONABothDONAandNNC,advocateaparadigmshiftfromthepresenthostcentricarchitectureoftheInternettoadatacentricarchitecture.NNCproposesanetwork-widecachingmechanismatvariousnetworknodes,leveragingthedippingcostofpersistentstorageanddefininganefficientcontentdisseminationsystemasanoverlayoverthepresentIPnetworks.DONAontheotherhandemphasizesanovelmechanismforthenamingofcontentandnameresolutiontobuildanarchitecturearoundserviceanddataaccess.ResearchStudyReport251/12/2023ChallengedNetworkEnvironmentsDelayTolerantNetworkBundleprotocolDelay/faulttolerantmobilesensornetworks(DFT-MSN)PostcardsfromtheedgeDisasterdayafternetworks(DAN)SelectivelyConnectedNetworking(SCN)ResearchStudyReport261/12/2023FutureInternetProjectsIn2005USNationalScienceFoundationstartedalargeresearchandinfrastructureprogramonnextgenerationInternetQ:HowwouldyoudesignInternettoday?Cleanslatedesign.“FutureInternetDesign”(FIND):48+projectsStanford,MIT,Berkeley,CMU,…“AnArchitectureforDiversifiedInternet”atWUSTL“GlobalEnvironmentforNetworkingInnovations”(GENI):29+projects:///EuropeanUnion:7thFrameworkprogram://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/Japan:AKARI(Asmalllightinthedarkpointingtothefuture)://akari-project.nict.go.jp/eng/index2.htmChina,Korea,Australia,…20+countriesResearchStudyReport271/12/2023NextGenerationTestbedsPast:PlanetLab,Emulab,VINI,OneLabFederationGENI,Requirements,SubsystemsGENIPrototypeClustersWirelessNetworkVirtualizationSuperchargedPlanetLabPlatform(SPP)FIRE,FEDERICAAKARIResearchStudyReport281/12/2023PlanetLabGlobalnetworkingresearchtestbed1055nodesat490sites[Nov2009]Researchersuseitexperimentwithnewideasondistributedstorage,networkmapping,peer-to-peersystems,distributedhashtables,andqueryprocessingResearchStudyReport291/12/2023/PlanetLab(Cont.)LinuxvirtualserversoftwareonInternednodesSlivers=PieceofaresourceNodemanager(NM)managesthenode'svirtualserversPlanetLabControl(PLC)interactswithNMExperimentersrequesta"Slice"=sliversinvarioussitesResearchStudyReport301/12/2023EmulabNetworkingresearchtestbedatUniversityofUtahAvailableforpublicuseforresearchandeducationSoftwareimplementedattwodozensitesaroundtheworldAllowssimulatedlinksandnodesinslices?AllowsfaultstudiesProvidesrepeatabilityResearchStudyReport311/12/2023/InternetforMassesMakeiteasyfornaiveusersFunctionininfrastructurepoorenvironmentsIntermittentpowerDevicesharingAllowsneakernetsLongdistancewirelessCDMA450ResearchStudyReport321/12/2023OneLabFederationofEuropeanPlanetLabsEnhancedmonitoringinfrastructureWirelessTestbedsIPv6multihomingEmulationtoolsDealwithunstableconnectivityResearchStudyReport331/12/2023http://www.onelab.eu//FederationLargertestbedsTestbedsforspecializedresourcessuchasaccesstechnologiesSpecializedresearchcommunitiesandcross-disciplineChallenges:HomogenizationofdiversecontextInteroperabilityofsecurityprotocolsPoliticalorsocial-economicissuesIntellectualPropertyrightsCommercialandnon-commercialinterestsResearchStudyReport341/12/2023GENIGlobalEnvironmentforNetworkInnovationsDedicatedsharedsubstratefacilityforlarge-scaleexperimentsUSNationalScienceFoundationprojectDedicatedbackbonelinksthroughLambdaRailandInternet2DiverseandextensiblesetoftechnologiesResearchStudyReport351/12/2023/GENIRequirmentsSliceability:Sharingwithisolation.Programmability:AllcomponentsshouldbeprogrammableVirtualization:Slicingviavirtualizationorspace/timesharing.Federation:CombinationofindependentlyownedtestbedsObservability:AllowspecifiablemeasurementframeworkSecurity:ShouldnotharmproductionInternetResearchStudyReport361/12/2023GENISubsystemsResearchStudyReport371/12/2023GENIPrototypeClustersFiveClustersinSpiral1:1.TrialIntegrationEnvironmentwithDETER(TIAD):Emulabbasedsecurityexperimentstestbed2.PlanetLab:Federateallslice-basedsubstratesPlanetLab,Emulab,VINI,andGENI3.ProtoGENI:FederationofEmulabtestbeds,EnhancedEmulabControl4.OpenResourceControlArchitecture(ORCA):ResourcemanagerrunsunderthehostoperatingsystemUsesvirtualizationtoallocatecontainers5.OpenAccessResearchTestbed(ORBIT):WirelesstestbedwithemulatedandrealnodesResearchStudyReport381/12/2023GENISpiral1,/geni/wiki/SpiralOneTop10FeaturesofNextGenerationInternetSecuri