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第一章閱讀理解專題1編輯pptWarmingup1.Asayounggirlgrowingupinthe1930s,Ialwayswantedtoflyaplane,butbackthenitwasalmostunheardofforawomantodothat.Igotatasteofthatdreamin2011,whenmyhusbandarrangedformetorideinahotairballoonformybirthday.(2011年高考英語北京A篇)Q:Whathappenedtotheauthorin2011?A.Sheflewanairplane.B.Sheenteredacompetition.C.Shewentonahotairballoonride.D.Shemovedintoaretirementcommunity.__________2編輯pptHelongsforconversationswithaneditorwhowillhelphimturnhisgoodideasintogreatones.Hewantssomeonetogetexcitedaboutwhathe'sdoingandtohelphimturnhisstoryideaupsidedownandinsideout,exploringthebestwaystoreportit.Hewantstobemorevaluableforyourpaper.(2010年高考英語北京B篇)Q:Whatdoesthereporterwantmostfromhiseditorsintheirtalks?A.Findingthenewsvalueofhisstories.B.Givinghimfinancialsupport.C.Helpinghimtofindissues.D.Improvinghisgoodideas.____________________________________________________________3編輯pptSheturnedupatthedoorstepofmyhouseinCornwall.NowaycouldIhavesentheraway.Noway,notmeanyway.Maybesomeonehadkickedheroutoftheircarthenightbefore.“We'removinghouse”;“Nospaceforheranymorewiththebabycoming.”“Weneverreallywantedher,butwhatcouldwehavedone?Shewasapresent.”Peoplefindallsortsofexcusesforabandoningananimal.AndshewasoneofthemostbeautifuldogsIhadeverseen.Q:HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutGoldiewhenGoldiecametothehouse?(2010年高考英語北京A篇)A.Shocked.
B.Sympathetic.
C.Annoyed.
D.Upset.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4編輯pptStep1:閱讀理解文章體裁分析記敘文:往往按時(shí)間順序展開段落,文章有明顯表示時(shí)間先后的詞語。閱讀時(shí)抓住時(shí)間這條主線,弄清who、what、where、why與how。描寫文:通過細(xì)節(jié)的描寫,以畫面的方式來反應(yīng)事物的特征、性質(zhì)。對(duì)這種文章要迅速弄清其主題,主題詞往往出現(xiàn)在各個(gè)句子里,貫穿文章的始末;緊圍繞這個(gè)主題進(jìn)行閱讀,找到文章與之有關(guān)的信息,并確定信息與主題的關(guān)系。5編輯ppt說明文:多見于科普文章,用以解釋或揭示事物的狀態(tài)、特征、演變、結(jié)果及其相互之間的關(guān)系,這類文體的文章,首句往往是主題句,開門見山,說明文章的關(guān)注對(duì)象:弄清作者的思路和段落組織的方式;把握次要信息及其與主題的關(guān)系。6編輯ppt議論文:閱讀難在這種文章處處都滲透作者的個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度。閱讀議論文應(yīng)該從文體的寫作和結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)入手.文章的結(jié)構(gòu)往往容易把握,主題句開門見山。作者往往通過信號(hào)詞(signalwords或transitionalwords)和關(guān)聯(lián)詞(referents來組織段落、文章,對(duì)信號(hào)詞的迅速反應(yīng)和對(duì)關(guān)聯(lián)詞的準(zhǔn)確判斷是至關(guān)重要的;要特別注意區(qū)分作者的觀點(diǎn)與文章里所提到的人物的觀點(diǎn),同時(shí)注意作者所使用的表示贊同、反對(duì)等感情色彩的詞匯。7編輯pptStep2:閱讀理解命題方式(一)細(xì)節(jié)理解題1)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheinformationinthepassage?(三正一誤)2)Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingexcept...(三正一誤)3)Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?(三誤一正)
4)Thewritermentionsalloftheitemslistedbelowexcept______.(三正一誤)5)Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?(三誤一正)8編輯ppt6)Whatistheexampleof...asdescribedinthepassage?(三誤一正)7)Thereasonfor...is...(三誤一正)8)Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.)...(三誤一正)9)Fromthepassageweknowthat______.(三誤一正)10)Inthepassage,theauthorstatesthat______.(三誤一正)9編輯ppt當(dāng)堂導(dǎo)練一:Q:WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.B.LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents.C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.10編輯ppt(二)主旨大意題1)Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout____.2)Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage?3)Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily____.4)Thepassageismostlyabout____.5)Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout____.11編輯ppt6)Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?7)Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
8)Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis_____.9)Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto…10)Thepassageismeantto….11)Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…12編輯ppt解主題大意題時(shí),可用以下方法:1)認(rèn)真閱讀文章的第一段或每段的第一個(gè)句子。2)文章的主題作者往往有意識(shí)地反復(fù)論述。抓住反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞,即高頻詞,也叫做主題詞。3)文章或段落的主題句常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在一些標(biāo)志性的提示后。例如:Onthewhole,inshort,therefore…,Iagreewiththeopinionthat…,Givenallthesepointsabove,Iwouldsupporttheideathat…,Forallthereasonsmentionedabove,Iwouldprefer…等后。13編輯ppt如何尋找主題句Sample1
Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven'teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.
主題句在段首:一個(gè)主題句常常是一個(gè)段落的開頭,其后的句子則是論證性細(xì)節(jié)。在論說文,科技文獻(xiàn)和新聞報(bào)道中多采用這種格式。
_________________________________________________14編輯pptSample2Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.主題句也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在段尾。作者先擺出事實(shí)依據(jù),層層推理論證,最后自然得出結(jié)論,即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在結(jié)尾句得到體現(xiàn),它是此段內(nèi)容的結(jié)論。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________15編輯pptSample3Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.當(dāng)主題句被安排在段中間時(shí),通常前面只提出問題,文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出,而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋,支撐或發(fā)展._______________________________________________________________________________________16編輯ppt(三)推理題1)Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat______.2)Fromthetextweknowthat______.3)Thestoryimpliesthat______.4)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe___.5)Thewriter’sattitudetoward...is______.17編輯ppt6)Theauthorimplied(suggested)that...7)Itmaybeconcludedfromthepassagethat...8)Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?9)Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?18編輯ppt解推斷題應(yīng)注意:(1)不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn);(2)推理的根據(jù)來自于上下文。3.解推斷題的方法:根據(jù)詞義關(guān)系推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)?!癥oumeanthereisnobabywhoisdying?”saidDeVincenzo.“That'sright,”saidtheofficial.“That'sthebestgoodnewsI'veheardallweek.”saidDeVincenzo.Q:ItcanbeinferredthatwhatworriedDeVincenzomostwas_______.A.thepoorwomanB.theofficial'sadviceC.thewinningcheckD.thebaby'slife19編輯pptSample2
:Q:Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintothehouse,itwas______.A.verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsects20編輯ppt(四)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題1)Theauthorseemstothinkthat______.2)Thewriteristryingtopresentapointofviewin______.3)Theauthorwantstoappealto_______.4)Theauthor’sstyleis______.21編輯ppt5)Theauthor’stonewouldbebestdescribedas_______.6)Whatistheauthor’sopinionof______?7)Thewriterbelievethat________?8)Intheauthor'sopinion_________?22編輯ppt確定作者態(tài)度,可以有兩種思路1)問全文主體事物的(包括主題),可以根據(jù)闡述主題或有關(guān)主體事物的相關(guān)句中的形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞確定作者的態(tài)度;2)如果問的是對(duì)某一具體事物的態(tài)度,則可以定位到具體相關(guān)句,然后確定答案。Sample1:Q:Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintothehouse,itwas______.A.verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsects23編輯ppt(五)判斷詞義題1)Theunderlinedword(phrase)inthepassagemeans____.2)Theword"it(them)"inthefirstparagraphrefersto____.
3)Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans____.4)Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph?24編輯ppt猜詞方法:1)根據(jù)常識(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜生詞。例如:Theoldmanputonhisspectaclesandbegantoread.ThedoorwassolowthatIhittheheadonthelintel.2)根據(jù)上下文解釋做出判斷:其方法主要有:(1)根據(jù)文中的定義、解釋猜生詞。例如:Skimmingmeanslookingoverapassagequicklytogetthemainideabeforeyoubegintoreaditcarefully.Theharborisprotectedbyajetty—awallbuiltoutintothewater.(glasses)(過梁)(略讀)(碼頭)25編輯ppt(2)利用事例或解釋猜生詞。例如:Thedoctorisstudyingglaucomaandotherdiseasesoftheeye.(3)利用重復(fù)解釋的信息猜生詞。例如:Mr.Smithalwaysarriveshomepunctually,neitherearlynorlate.(4)根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷:a)…,andotherGermanicandNordicpeoples,whospokewhatwenowcallAnglo-Saxon
(orOldEnglish),aGermaniclanguage.b)The"Chunnel",atunnelconnectingEnglandandFrance,isnowcomplete.(青光眼)(準(zhǔn)時(shí)的)(盎格魯撒克遜語)(隧道)26編輯ppt3)利用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)和提示詞猜測(cè)詞義a)Oneoftheobstacles(障礙)tofalsereadingisvocalizing—sayingthewordstothemselvesinalowvoice.b)Theearlyscientificstudyofchemistry,knownasalchemy,grewupinEgyptinthefirstfewcenturiesA.D.4)根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行選擇文章中的代詞it,that,he,him或them可以指上文提到的人或物,其中it和that還可以指一件事。有時(shí)代詞指代的對(duì)象相隔較遠(yuǎn),要認(rèn)真查找;也有時(shí)需要對(duì)前面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié),才能得出代詞所指代的事。(發(fā)聲)(煉金術(shù))27編輯ppt5)根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷根據(jù)上下句的連接詞,如:but,however,otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意義上的差別,從而依據(jù)某一句的含義,來確定另一句的含義。分號(hào)(;)還可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比或不相干的意義。Hehasbeengettingbetter,butduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.6)根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果,根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。Biggestpowerfailureinthecity'shistory…Allofourice-creamandfrozenfoodsmelted.(惡化)(融化)原因結(jié)果28編輯ppt7)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法(合成、派生、轉(zhuǎn)化)進(jìn)行判斷很多詞可以加前綴和后綴,從而構(gòu)成一個(gè)新詞,掌握了一定的構(gòu)詞法知識(shí),就不難猜出它的詞義。MarketresearchshowsthatGoldandotherswhobuyorganicfoodcangenerallygiveclearreasonsfortheirpreferences--buttheirknowledgeoforganicfoodisfarfromcomplete.我們知道,prefer的意思是"寧愿;愿意",根據(jù)上下文可以判斷prefer的名詞形式preference的含義應(yīng)是"偏愛;愛好"。偏愛;愛好29編輯pptStep3:猜答案方法1.絕對(duì)詞否決法,答案項(xiàng)中有絕對(duì)語氣詞的一般不是正確答案項(xiàng)。這些語氣詞有:must,always,never,themost,all,only,haveto,any,no,very,completely,none,hardly等。A.Shecan’tattendhernephew’sweddingparty.B.Shevaluesthebowlfromhermotheralot.C.Sheislivingalonenearanartgallery.D.Shedoesn’tcareaboutmoneyanymore.30編輯ppt2.懷疑詞判斷法:選項(xiàng)中含有不十分肯定的語氣詞一般是正確答案項(xiàng)。這些語氣詞有can,could,may,should,usually,might,most(大多數(shù)),moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,possible,whetheror,notnecessarily等。A.zooelephantssufferlessstressthanthoseinthewild.B.elephantsarequiteeasytogetobese.C.sociallivesarenotimportanttoelephant.D.zoolifecanbestressfultoelephatn.3.關(guān)鍵詞對(duì)應(yīng)法:(等號(hào)前是文章中的點(diǎn),等號(hào)后是選項(xiàng)中點(diǎn))(ABC=ABC法;ABC=A’B’C’法;ABC=CBA法;ABC≠ABD法)31編輯ppt4.選項(xiàng)的全面性判斷法較全面、有針對(duì)性地表達(dá)文章中心思想的,選項(xiàng)一般是答案項(xiàng)。A.tobemoresuccessfulinhiscareerB.tosolvetechnicalproblemsC.tobemorespecializedinhisfieldD.todevelophisprofessionalskill32編輯pptStep4:長、難句分析法Sample:Twenty
studentshadjustclimbedtheirwaytothetoprung(最高的臺(tái)階)outoffourmillionstudentstakingpartintheFifthNationalHuaLuogengGoldCupMathematicsContest
onTuesdayevening
atJintanCounty,JiangsuProvince.句子核心Howmany?Theresult?Doingwhat?When?Where?33編輯ppt1.翻譯:四百多萬參加“全國第五屆華羅庚數(shù)學(xué)金杯賽”中的中學(xué)生里有二十個(gè)學(xué)生在星期二于江蘇省金壇縣登上了最高的臺(tái)階。2.找出謂語動(dòng)詞是抓住核心的關(guān)鍵Sometimesananimalhasaplantpartner.Therelationshipdevelopsuntilthetwopartnerscannotmanagewithout
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