國(guó)際貿(mào)易及電子商務(wù)管理知識(shí)

國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)（雙語(yǔ)）

(InternationalTradePracticeInChineseandEnglish)理論電子課件第一章國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)第二章主要貿(mào)易條件第三章商品的價(jià)格第四章國(guó)際貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)谖逭聡?guó)際貨物運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)第六章國(guó)際貨款的收付第七章檢驗(yàn)、索賠、不可抗力與仲裁第八章合同的磋商第九章合同的履行第十章國(guó)際貿(mào)易方式課件目錄第一章國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)InternationalTradeterms

Ⅰ貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)及國(guó)貿(mào)易際慣例(tradetermsandinternationalcustomarypractices)國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)的含義及作用有關(guān)貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)的國(guó)際慣例

返回目錄★Case(案例)：

OneimportandexportcompanyexportedhisgoodsundertheCIFterm.Thesellerdeliveredthegoodsonboardthevesselontimeandpreparedallnecessarydocuments.Butthevesselstrandedandsankinafewhoursafterdeparture.Thenextday,whentheselleraskedforpaymentwithfullsetofdocumentsinconformitywiththecontract,thebuyerrefusedtoacceptthedocumentsandrejectedpaymentbecausehisgoodshavebeenlost.Isitreasonableforthebuyertodoso?Why?返回目錄１、ThedefinitionofTradeTerms（貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)的定義）:

FOBLONDONThetradetermsrefertousingabriefEnglishconceptorabbreviationtoindicatetheformationoftheunitpriceanddeterminetheresponsibilities,expensesandrisksbornebytwopartiesaswellasthetimeofthepassingofthepropertyinthegoods.返回目錄2、Internationalcustomarypractices

(國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例)Warsaw-----OxfordRules1932《華沙牛津公約》RevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinitions《1941美國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易修訂本》InternationalRulesFortheInterpretationofTradeTerms《國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則》返回目錄Ⅱ常用的貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)FOB(FreeonBoard,…namedportofshipment)船上交貨(…指定裝運(yùn)港)CFR(CostandFreight，…namedportofdestination)成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)(……指定目的港)CIF(Cost，InsuranceandFreight，…namedportofdestination)成本加保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)、運(yùn)費(fèi)(……指定目的港)返回目錄FOB,FreeonBoard(…NamedportofShipment)指定裝運(yùn)港船上交貨

Itmeansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverthegoodswhentheyhavepassedovertheship’srailatthenamedportofshipment.Thismeansthatthebuyerhastobearallexpensesandrisksofordamagetothegoodsfromthatpoint.返回目錄CFR(CostandFreight，…namedportofdestination)成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)(……指定目的港)

Itmeansthatthesellershallundertakethecostandfreightnecessarytocarrythegoodstothenamedportofdestination,buttherisksof,lossesof,ordamagetothegoods,aswellasanyadditionalcostsduetoeventsoccurringafterthetimethegoodshavebeendeliveredonboardthevessel,aretransferredfromthesellertothebuyerwhenthegoodspasstheship’srailattheportofshipment．返回目錄CIF(Cost，InsuranceandFreight，…namedportofdestination)成本加保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)、運(yùn)費(fèi)(……指定目的港)

Itmeansthatthesellerhastheobligationtoprocuremarineinsuranceagainsttherisksof,lossesof,ordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.返回目錄Modeoftransportation(運(yùn)輸方式)Theformationoftheunitprice(價(jià)格構(gòu)成)Theplaceofdelivery/risktransfer（交貨地點(diǎn)/風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移移點(diǎn)）Responsibilities,expensesandrisksbornebytwoparties（雙方責(zé)任、、費(fèi)用和風(fēng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的劃分分）返回目錄1.Themodeoftransportation(運(yùn)輸方式)Suitableforseaorinlandwaterwaytransport.2.Theformationoftheunitprice(價(jià)格構(gòu)成)FOB:Cost(成本)CFR:CostandFreight(成本和運(yùn)費(fèi)費(fèi))CIF:Cost,InsuranceandFreight(成本和運(yùn)費(fèi)費(fèi)和保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)費(fèi))返回目錄3.Theplaceofdelivery/risktransfer(交貨地點(diǎn)點(diǎn)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移點(diǎn))Ontheship’srailatthenamedportofshipment(在裝運(yùn)港的的船舷)4.Theexpensesandresponsibilitiesbornebytwoparties(雙方費(fèi)用、、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和責(zé)責(zé)任的劃分分)返回目錄ThesellerThebuyerFOBDeliverthegoodsonboardthevessel交貨Contractforthecarriageofthegoods租船訂艙Obtainexportlicense獲得出口許許可證ObtainimportlicenseCovercargoinsurance投保Providedocumentsforthebuyerandaskforpayment交單議付Paythepriceandtakedeliveryofthegoods返回目錄ThesellerthebuyerCFRContractforthecarriageofthegoodsathisownexpensesOnusualterm通常條件Bytheusualroute慣常航線Inthepropervessel適合的船舶舶Usualfreight正常運(yùn)費(fèi)AdditionalFreight額外運(yùn)費(fèi)返回目錄ThesellerthebuyerCIFContractforthecarriageofthegoodsCovercargoinsuranceonbehalfofthebuyerMinimuminsurance(F.P.A)最低險(xiǎn)別additionalinsurancepremium額外保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)費(fèi)返回目錄★CIF1.Theexpensesandrisksareseparated(風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用用分離)2.CIFtermisdocumenttransaction單據(jù)交易(Symbolicdelivery)象征性交貨貨ThesellerfulfillshisdutyofdeliveringgoodsagainstthedocumentsThebuyershallpaythepriceagainstthedocuments返回目錄Ⅲ貨交承運(yùn)人人的三個(gè)貿(mào)貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)1)FCA(FreeCarrier,…namedplace)貨交承運(yùn)人人(……指定地點(diǎn))2)CIP(CarriageinsurancePaidto，…namedplaceofdestination)運(yùn)費(fèi)、保險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)費(fèi)付至(……指定目的地地)。3)CPT(CarriagePaidTo．…namedplaceofdestination)運(yùn)費(fèi)付至(……指定目的地地)返回目錄Ⅳ目的地交貨貨的各種術(shù)術(shù)語(yǔ)1)DAF(DeliveredatFrontier．．…namedplace)邊境交貨(……指定地點(diǎn))2)DES(DeliveredExShip．…namedportofdestination目的港船上上交貨(……指定目的港港)3)DEQ(DeliveredExQuay，…namedPortOfdestination)目的港碼頭頭交貨(……指定目的港港)4)DDU(DeliveredDutyUnpaid，…namedplaceofdestination)未完稅交交貨(…·指定目的的地)5)DDP(DeliveredDutyPaid,…namedplaceofdestination)完稅后交交貨（…指定目的的地）返回目錄錄第二章主主要貿(mào)貿(mào)易條件件TheQualityofGoodsTheQuantityofGoodsPackingandMarking返回目錄錄Ｕnit1QualityofGoods商品的品品質(zhì)表示品質(zhì)質(zhì)的方法法(1)用文字說(shuō)說(shuō)明表示示商品的的品質(zhì)(SalebyDescription)①憑規(guī)格格、等級(jí)級(jí)或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)買(mǎi)賣(SalebySpecification,GradeorStandard)商品規(guī)格格(Specification)：Thespecificationofthegoodsreferstocertainmainindicatorswhichindicatethequalityofthegoods,suchascomposition,content,purity,size,length,etc.SUPER返回目錄錄商品的等等級(jí)(Grade)Thegradeofthegoodsreferstotheclassificationsofthecommodityofthegoodswhichisindicatedbywords,numbersorsymbols.Theclassificationsareusuallydecidedbydifferentqualities,weights,compositions,appearances,properties,etc.商品的標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（Standard）Thestandardreferstothespecificationsorgradeswhicharestipulatedandannouncedbythegovernmentorthechambersofcommerce,etc.返回目錄錄②憑牌號(hào)或或商標(biāo)買(mǎi)買(mǎi)賣（SalebyBrandNameorTradeMark）Astothegoodswhosequalityisstable,reputationissoundandwithwhichthecustomersarequitefamiliar,wemaysellitbybrandnameortrademark.③憑產(chǎn)地名名稱買(mǎi)賣賣(SalebyNameofOrigin)Itissuitableforsomeagriculturalproductsandby-productswhoseoriginsarewell-knownallovertheworld.返回目錄錄④憑說(shuō)明書(shū)書(shū)和圖樣樣買(mǎi)賣(SalebyDescriptionandIllustration)Thequalityofsomecommodities,suchastechnologicalinstruments,electricmachines,etc.cannotbesimplyindicatedbyqualityindexes,insteaditisquitenecessarytoexplainindetailthestructure,material,performanceaswellasmethodofoperation.Ifnecessary,pictures,photos,etc.mustalsobeprovided.返回目錄錄（2）以以實(shí)物表表示商品品的品質(zhì)質(zhì)（SalebyActualQualityorSample①看貨買(mǎi)賣賣(SalebyActualQuality)Inthiscase,thebuyerorhisagentexaminethegoodsatseller’splaceatfirst.Aftertheyconcludeadeal,thesellershalldeliverthegoodsaccordingtothegoodsexamined.②憑樣品品買(mǎi)賣（（SalebySample）Thesamplereferstothearticlewhichcanbeusedtorepresentthequalityofthewholelot.Salebysampleincludestwocases,i.e.,salebytheseller’’ssampleandsalebythebuyer’ssample.返回目錄錄a.憑賣方樣樣品(SalebySell’sSample)：b.憑買(mǎi)方樣樣品(SalebyBuyer’sSample)：c.對(duì)等樣品品成交（（SalebyCounterSample）：也有的稱稱之為確確認(rèn)樣品品（ConfirmingSample）。。日后賣方方交貨以以對(duì)等樣樣品品質(zhì)質(zhì)為準(zhǔn)。。返回目錄錄Unit2商品的數(shù)數(shù)量TheQuantityofGoods1、商品數(shù)數(shù)量的計(jì)計(jì)量單位位①按重量量(Weight)計(jì)算。常常用的單單位有公公噸(Metricton/kiloton)、長(zhǎng)噸（LongTon）、、短噸（shortton／／netton）、、公斤(kilogram）等返回目錄錄②按數(shù)量量計(jì)算。。常見(jiàn)的的計(jì)數(shù)單單位有件件（Piece）、、雙(Pair)、套（Set））、打(dozen)、、卷（roll）、箱(case)、籮（gross）、、袋(bag)、包（bale）等③長(zhǎng)度(length)計(jì)算。常常用單位位有米(meter/m.)、、英尺(foot／ft．)、碼（yard／yd．）等。絲綢綢、布疋疋、鋼管管、電線線電纜、、金屬繩索索等常用用長(zhǎng)度單單位計(jì)量量。返回目錄錄④按面積（（Area）計(jì)算。有有平方米米（Squaremeter／／sq．．m．））、平方英尺尺(squarefoot／sq.ft．．)、平方碼（（squareyard/sq．yd．））等。木板板、皮革革、地毯毯、玻璃璃板等用用面積單單位計(jì)量量。⑤按體體積（Volume））計(jì)算。有有立方米米（cubicmeter／cu．m.）、、立方尺（（cubicfoot／cu．ft．）、、立方碼(cubicyard／cu．yd．)等。木材材、天然然氣、化化學(xué)氣體體等常以以體積作作計(jì)景單單位。⑥按容容積（capacity）計(jì)算。常常見(jiàn)的容容積單位位有升[liter／l.]、、加侖(gallon/gal．)、、蒲式耳(bushel/bu．．)等。各類類谷物和和液體商商品常以以容積為為單位。。返回目錄錄２、商品品重量的的計(jì)算方方法1)按毛重重（GrossWeight）計(jì)算2)按凈重(NetWeight)計(jì)算，凈重指指商品本身的的重量。Actualtare:實(shí)際皮重Averagetare:平均皮重Customarytare:習(xí)慣皮重Computedtare:約定皮重返回目錄3)ConditionedWeight：按公量計(jì)算算。Ｔhiskindofcalculatingmethodissuitabletothosecargoswhosewatercontentsarenotstable,suchaswool,silk,etc.①公量=商品品干凈重x(1+標(biāo)準(zhǔn)回潮率)②公量=商品品凈重x（1+標(biāo)準(zhǔn)回潮率/1+實(shí)實(shí)際回潮率））式中商品干凈凈重是指用科科學(xué)方法抽去去商品中的水水分后商品的的重量。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)回潮率是交交易雙方約定定的貨物中的的水分與商品品的干量之比比。4）Theoreticalweight:按理論重量5）Legalweightandnetweight:按法定重量返回目錄⑶商品數(shù)量條條款的確定商品數(shù)量條款款，由成交商品品的數(shù)量和計(jì)計(jì)量單位組成成。對(duì)以重量量成交的商品品還要訂明計(jì)計(jì)算重量的方方法。1.Don’’tusesuchwordsas‘‘a(chǎn)bout’or‘circa’or‘a(chǎn)pproximate’beforethequantityofthegoods.2.Tostipulatethequantitylatitude:Itmeansthatthesellermaydeliverthegoodswithacertainpercentagemoreorlessinquantity.返回目錄Unit3商品的包裝Packing在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中中，除少量商商品難以包裝裝，或不值得得包裝而采取取裸裝（NudePacked）或散裝(InBulk)方式外，絕大大多數(shù)商品均均需要有適當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)陌b。商品的的包裝(PackageofGoods)是國(guó)際商品交交換不可缺少少的重要環(huán)節(jié)，是聯(lián)系生生產(chǎn)與消費(fèi)的的橋梁。包括括不僅起到保保護(hù)、宣傳、、美化商品的的作用，還可使使商品增值。。商品包裝條條款也是合同同的要件之一一。返回目錄ⅠThekindsofpacking(包裝的種類)１、Shippingpacking:運(yùn)輸包裝⑴Accordingtothemethodofpacking:singlepiecepackingandcollectivepacking.⑵Accordingtostyleofpacking:Cases,drums,bags,bales,bundles,etc.⑶Accordingtothematerialofpacking:Cartons,woodencases,irondrums,woodencasks,paperbags,gunnybags,plasticbags,etc.返回目錄⑷Accordingtothesoftnessofpacking:softnesspackingandhardnesspackingaswellashalf-hardnesspacking.⑸Accordingtotheextentofpacking:fullpackedandpartpacked２、Marketingpacking:銷售包裝Piling-uppattern:Hanging-uppattern:Spreading-uppattern:Patternforcarryingabout:Patternforeasilyopening:Patternforsprayingout:Patternforshowingoffagift.返回目錄ⅡPackingMark（包裝標(biāo)志志）⒈Shippingmark:運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志Itisusuallymadeupofgeometricaldiagrams,letters,figuresandsimplewords.Thecontentsofshippingmarkareasfollows:Consignee’scode:Consignor’scode:DestinationPackagenumberABCCO.LONDON返回目錄⒊Warningmark:（警告性標(biāo)標(biāo)志）Itisalsocalleddangerouscargomark,whichisbrushedclearlyanddefinitelyontheshippingpackingoftheinflammable,explosive,poisonous,corrosivegoods,soastogivewarningstotheworkers⒉Indicativemark:（指示性標(biāo)標(biāo)志）Thiskindofmarkisusedtoremindertherelativeworkersoftheitemsforattentionwhentheyload,unload,carryandstorethegoods,suchas‘‘handlewithcare’,‘‘keepdry’etc.返回目錄ⅢNeutralpackingandbranddesignatedbythebuyer中性包裝和和定牌１、Neuralpacking:Itmeansthatthereisneitheranameoftheorigin,noranameofthefactory,noratrademark,abrand,orevenanywordsonthepackingofthecommodityandthecommodityitself.Itincludestwokinds:packingwithtrademarkdesignatedbythebuyerbutwithoutthemarkofthemanufacturersandoriginspackingwithouttrademarkandoriginsaswellasthemarkofthemanufacturers.返回目錄２、Branddesignatedbythebuyer（定牌包裝裝）:ItmeansthatthesellermarksthetrademarkorBranddesignatedonthepackageofthecommodityorthecommodityitselfasbuyer’srequest．返回目錄第三章商商品的價(jià)格格ThePriceoftheGoods價(jià)格條款(PriceClause)是進(jìn)出口合合同中的核核心條款。。正確把握握進(jìn)出口商商品的作價(jià)價(jià)原則，采采用合理的的作價(jià)方法法，選擇合合理的作價(jià)價(jià)方法，選選擇有利的的計(jì)價(jià)貨幣幣，確定合合適的價(jià)格格術(shù)語(yǔ)，適適當(dāng)使用與與價(jià)格有關(guān)關(guān)的傭金和和折扣，對(duì)對(duì)提高外貿(mào)貿(mào)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益益有著十分分重要的意意義。返回目錄出口商品的的成本核算算(1)出出口總成本本與出口銷銷售收入出口總成本本是指出口口商品的進(jìn)進(jìn)貨成本加加上出口前前的一切費(fèi)費(fèi)用和稅金金。出口銷銷售收入分分為出口銷銷售外匯凈凈收入和出出口銷售人人民幣凈收收入，前者者是以FOB價(jià)出售商品品所得的外匯凈收收入，后者者是以FOB價(jià)按外匯收收帳時(shí)掛牌牌匯價(jià)折合的的人民幣數(shù)數(shù)額。(2)出出口商品盈盈虧率與出出口創(chuàng)匯率率出口商品盈盈虧率是指指出口盈虧虧額與出口口總成本的的比率。計(jì)計(jì)算公式為為：出口商品盈盈虧率=[(出口銷銷售人民幣幣凈收入----出出口總成本本)/出口口總成本]x100％％出口創(chuàng)匯率率是指加工工后成品出出口的外匯匯凈收入與與原料外匯匯成本的比比率。如原原料為國(guó)產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品．可以以FOB價(jià)折算：若若原料為進(jìn)進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品，，則以CIF價(jià)折算。返回目錄特別在來(lái)料料加工情況況下，該指指標(biāo)更具有有現(xiàn)買(mǎi)意義義。其計(jì)算算公式為：：出口創(chuàng)匯率率=[（（成品出口口外匯凈收收入----原料外外匯成本））/原料料外匯成本本]x100%(3)出口商品換換匯成本出口換匯成成本=出口口總成本（（本幣）/出口銷售售外匯凈收收入（外幣幣）出口商品價(jià)價(jià)格的換算算方法(1)FOB價(jià)的換算①CFR價(jià)=FOB價(jià)+運(yùn)費(fèi)②CIF價(jià)=（FOB價(jià)+運(yùn)費(fèi)））/[1-保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率率X(1+投保加成)]返回目錄(2)CFR價(jià)的換算①FOB價(jià)=CFR-運(yùn)費(fèi)

②CIF價(jià)=CFR價(jià)/[1-保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率率X(1+投保加成)](3)CIF價(jià)的換算①FOB價(jià)=CIF價(jià)X[1-(1+投保加成)X保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率]-運(yùn)費(fèi)②②CFR價(jià)=CIF價(jià)X[1-(1+投保加成)X保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率]返回目錄傭金與折扣扣CommissionandDiscount傭金(Commission)是買(mǎi)方或賣賣方對(duì)中間間商介紹交交易或代辦辦買(mǎi)賣所給給予的報(bào)酬酬。折扣(Discount,Rebate,Allowance)是賣方按原原價(jià)給買(mǎi)方方的一定百百分比的價(jià)價(jià)格減讓。。返回目錄1）傭金的運(yùn)運(yùn)用（1）傭金的種類類。傭金分“明傭”和“暗傭”兩種。前者者在合同中中標(biāo)明“傭金”字樣，并規(guī)規(guī)定某一百百分比。而而后者不標(biāo)標(biāo)志百分比比，甚至也也不出現(xiàn)“傭金”字樣。但不不管何種方方式，只要要含有傭金金，商品的的價(jià)格就肯肯定要高。。(2）傭金規(guī)定方方法。凡價(jià)格中中含有傭金金的稱之為為含傭價(jià)。。一般用文文字表示，，如“每公噸3500美美元CIF倫敦包括2％傭金”，（U.S.$3500perM/TCIFLondonincluding2%Commission））。也有一些合合同中采用用簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)方式式，如“每公噸2000美元元CIFC2%倫敦”（U.S.$2000perM/TCIFC2%London）。傭金也可以以用絕對(duì)數(shù)數(shù)字表示，，如“每公噸付傭傭金100美元”等等。凡在在價(jià)格中不不含傭金或或折扣的稱稱為凈價(jià)（（NetPrice）。(3)傭金的計(jì)算算。以CIF成交，就以以CIF價(jià)來(lái)乘以傭傭金得出傭傭金數(shù)。若若以FOB為基數(shù)，則則在CIF成交情況下下，扣除運(yùn)運(yùn)費(fèi)、保險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)費(fèi)后再計(jì)計(jì)算傭金。。如果已知知凈價(jià)，則則含傭價(jià)的的計(jì)算公式式為：含傭傭價(jià)=凈價(jià)價(jià)/（（1--傭傭金率）返回目錄2)折扣的運(yùn)用用（1）折扣扣的種類。。在國(guó)際貿(mào)易易中，除為為鼓勵(lì)買(mǎi)方方積極購(gòu)買(mǎi)買(mǎi)而給與的的一般交易易折扣（TradeDiscount）外，還有現(xiàn)現(xiàn)金折扣（（CashDiscount）、數(shù)量折扣（（QuantityDiscount）、季節(jié)折扣（（SeasonalDiscount）、特別折扣（（SpecialDiscount））等等。此外外與傭金相相同，折扣扣也有“明扣”與“暗扣”之分。（2）折扣扣的規(guī)定。。折扣一般也也用文字表表示，如“每公噸500美元CIF倫敦含2％折扣”，（））返回目錄合同中價(jià)格格條款的規(guī)規(guī)定合同中價(jià)格格條款一般般包括商品品的單價(jià)和和總值兩項(xiàng)項(xiàng)基本內(nèi)容容。商品單單價(jià)包括：：計(jì)量單位位、單位價(jià)價(jià)格金額、、計(jì)價(jià)貨幣幣和價(jià)格術(shù)術(shù)語(yǔ)四個(gè)部部分。如“每公公噸噸200美美元元CII倫敦敦傭傭金金5%(U.S.$200perM／／TCIFC5%LONDON)。。總值值是是指指單單價(jià)價(jià)與與成成交交商商品品數(shù)數(shù)量量的的乘乘積積，，即即一一筆筆交交易易的的總總金金額額。。返回回目目錄錄第四四章章國(guó)國(guó)際際貨貨物物運(yùn)運(yùn)輸輸Transportation第一一節(jié)節(jié)運(yùn)運(yùn)輸輸方方式式(Methodsofthedelivery)第二二節(jié)節(jié)裝裝運(yùn)運(yùn)條條款款(shipmentclause)第三三節(jié)節(jié)運(yùn)運(yùn)輸輸單單據(jù)據(jù)(shippingdocuments)返回回目目錄錄一、、OceanTransport海洋洋運(yùn)運(yùn)輸輸(一一)Linertransport班輪輪運(yùn)運(yùn)輸輸1.Thefeaturesoflinersusuallyinclude:班輪輪運(yùn)運(yùn)輸輸?shù)牡奶靥攸c(diǎn)點(diǎn)⑴Thelinerhasaregularline,port,timetableandcomparativelyfixedfreight.⑵Thekindsandquantitiesofthegoodscarriedbythelinerareveryflexible,andthelinercanensuredeliveryquality.第一一節(jié)節(jié)運(yùn)運(yùn)輸輸方方式式(Methodsofthedelivery)返回回目目錄錄⑶Thecarrierisresponsibleforloadingandunloadingoperation,i.e.,grossterm.⑷TheB/Ldrawnbytheshippingcompanyistheshippingcontractbetweenthecarrierandtheconsignor.TherightsandobligationsofthecarrierandtheconsignorarebasedontheB/Ldrawnbytheshippingcompany.返回回目目錄錄2.班輪輪運(yùn)運(yùn)費(fèi)費(fèi)(Thelinerfreight)ThelinerfreightischargedaccordingtoLiner’’sFreightTariff.Thelinerfreightincludesbasicfreightandsurcharges.ThebasicfreightischargedaccordingtothestandardofLiner’’sFreightTariff.Thebasicstandardsforcalculatingfreightarestipulatedasfollows:lGrossweight,i.e.,weightton,whichindicatedby“W”inthetariff.返回回目目錄錄⑴Volume,i.e.,measurementton,whichisindicatedby“M”inthetariff.⑵Grossweightorvolumeweight,choosingthehigherratebetweenthetwo,whichisindicatedby“W/M”inthetariff.⑶Thevalueofthecargo,i.e.,acertainpercentageofFOBpricewhichisindicated“A.V.”inthetariff.⑷GrossweightorvolumeorA.V.,i.e.,choosingthehighestrateofthethree,whichisindicatedby“W/M”or“A.V.返回目錄錄lGrossweightorvolume,andthenplusacertainpercentageofA.V.,whichisindicatedby“W/M”plus“A.V.”.lThenumberofthecargo.lThetemporaryagreemententeredintobetweentheshipownerandtheconsignor.ThemainsurchargesareasfollowslExtrachargesonheavyliftslExtrachargesonoverlengths返回目錄錄●AdditionalonOptionalDischargingPort.●AdditionalondirectTheformulaofcalculatingthelinerfreightis:F=Fb+∑s=fQ+f(s1+s2+……+sn)Q=fQ(1+s1+s2+……+sn)Fb_______basicfreight∑s______surchargesf_______therateofthebasicfreightQ_______freighttons__________therateofthesurcharge返回目錄錄(二)Tramp(Shippingbychartering)租船運(yùn)輸輸Itmeansafreight-carryingvesselwhichhasnoregularrouteorscheduleofsailingsorportorfreight.Theshipperchartersshipfromtheshipownerandusesittocarrythegoods.Itfallsinto3kinds:1.VoyageCharter:程租船運(yùn)運(yùn)輸Itincludessinglevoyagecharter,returnvoyagecharter,successivevoyagecharterandcontract.返回目錄錄2.TimeCharter:期租Thecharterercharterstheshipforaperiodoftimeduringwhichtheshipisdeployedandmanagedbythecharterer3.BareboatCharter:光船租船船Theshipowneronlyprovidesthechartererwithabareboat,thecharterershallemploythecrewbyhimself.返回目錄錄(三)Thedifferencesbetweenthetrampandtimecharter:期租和程程租船的的區(qū)別1.Voyagecharter:thecharterercharterstheshipbythevoyage;rTimecharter:thecharterercharterstheshipbythetime.Theircontractsarealsodifferent.2.Voyagecharter:Theshipownernotonlymanagestheshipbutalsoisresponsiblefordriving,sailingandtransportationofthegoods.返回目錄錄Timecharter:Theshipownerisresponsiblefortheship’smaintenance,repairandcrew’swages;buttransportationofthegoods,loadingandunloadingthegoodsarebornebythecharterer.3.Voyagecharter:thefreightischargedaccordingtothequantitiesofthegoodsshippedandthecontractshallstipulatetimeofshipmentorrateofshipment;Timecharter:thefreightischargedaccordingtotheperiodoftimeandthecontractdoesn’thavetostipulatetimeofshipment.返回目錄錄二、RailwayTransport鐵路運(yùn)輸輸１、Railwaytransportathome;國(guó)內(nèi)鐵路路運(yùn)輸２、Internationalrailwaythroughtransport:國(guó)際多式式聯(lián)運(yùn)Thegoodsbelongtotheexportcountryshallbetransportedtotheplaceofdestinationwitharailwaybillofladingissuedattheplaceofdispatch.Duringthedelivery,therailwaydepartmentisresponsiblefortransportationandtheconsignorandconsigneedon’’thavetocareforit.返回目錄錄三、AirTransport航空運(yùn)輸輸1.ScheduledAirline2.CharteredCarrier3.Consolidation4.AirExpressservice四、CombinedTransport聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸輸返回目錄錄第二節(jié)裝運(yùn)條款款（ShipmentClause））一、Timeofshipment:裝運(yùn)時(shí)間間(一)Timeofdeliveryandtimeofshipment交貨時(shí)間間和裝運(yùn)運(yùn)期(二)Waysofstipulatingthetimeofshipment裝運(yùn)時(shí)間間的規(guī)定定方法1.Stipulatethedefinitetimeofshipment;規(guī)定具體體明確的的裝運(yùn)時(shí)時(shí)間2.Stipulateafixedtime;規(guī)定在某某一固定定時(shí)間裝裝運(yùn)3.Stipilateafixedperiodoftime;規(guī)定在某某一段時(shí)時(shí)間內(nèi)裝裝運(yùn)返回目錄錄4.Stipulatethegoodsshallbeshippedwithin30daysafterreceiptofL/C;規(guī)定在收收到信用用證后30天內(nèi)內(nèi)裝運(yùn)5.Stipulatethegoodsshallbeshippedinthenearfuture.規(guī)定在近近期裝運(yùn)運(yùn)二、Portofshipmentandportofdestination(裝運(yùn)港和和目的港港）返回目錄錄Waysofstipulatingtheportofshipmentanddestination1.Stipulateonlyoneportofshipmentandonedestination;2.Stipulateatleasttwoportsofshipmentanddestination;3.Stipulateoptionalports返回目錄錄三、Partialshipmentandtransshipment(一)Partialshipment:分批裝運(yùn)運(yùn)Itmeansthegoodsunderthecontractshallbeshippedatdifferenttimeordifferentlots.(二)Transshipment:裝運(yùn)Whenthereisnodirectlinertothedestinationorthevoyageistoolong,weshouldstipulate“transshipmenttobepermitted”。返回目錄錄第三節(jié)ShippingDocument運(yùn)輸單據(jù)據(jù)一、Oceanbilloflading:(提單)Itisareceiptfromtheshippingcompany,givingdetailofaparticularshipment.(一)RolesofB/L提單的作作用⑴B/LisareceiptforthegoodsissuedbytheshipownerorhisagentevidencethereceiptofthegoodsmentionedintheB/L.⑵B/Lisadocumentoftitletothegoods.⑶B/Lisevidenceofthecontractofcarriagebetweentheconsignorandtheshippingcompany.返回目目錄(二)KindsofB/L提單的的種類類1.Accordingtowhetherthegoodshavebeenloadedonboardthevessel,theB/LisdividedintoshippedonboardB/LandreceivedforshipmentB/L.已裝船船提單單和備備用提提單2.Accordingtowhethertherearenotesonthebilloflading,itfallsintotwokinds:CleanB/LanduncleanB/L清潔提提單和和不清清潔提提單返回目目錄3.AccordingtowhethertheB/Listransferable,itisdividedinto3kinds:StraightB/LandorderB/LandblankB/L.記名提提單、、指示示提單單和空空白提提單4.Accordingtothemodesoftransport,itcanbedividedinto3kinds:directB/L,transshipmentB/LandthroughB/L.(直達(dá)提提單、、轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)船提提單和和聯(lián)運(yùn)運(yùn)提單單)返回目目錄二、Seawaybill海運(yùn)單單三、Railwaybill鐵路運(yùn)運(yùn)輸單單據(jù)四、AirWaybill空運(yùn)單單五、Multimodaltransportdocument多式聯(lián)聯(lián)運(yùn)單單據(jù)返回目目錄第五章章國(guó)際貨貨物運(yùn)運(yùn)輸保保險(xiǎn)Insurance第一節(jié)節(jié)Thescopeofseatransportationinsurancecover海洋運(yùn)運(yùn)輸保保險(xiǎn)的的范圍圍一、Perilsofthesea海上風(fēng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(一)Naturalcalamities:自然災(zāi)災(zāi)害Theyarecausedbytheforcesresultingfromthechangesofnature,e.g.,vileweather,thunder,lightning,tsunami,earthquake,flood,etc.(二)Fortuitousaccidents:意外事事故Theyincludeaccidentsresultingfromunexpectedcauses,thecarryingconveyancebeinggrounded,stranded,orincollisionwithfloatingiceorotherobjects,aswellasfireorexplosion.返回目錄二、Oceanlosses海上損失(一)Totalloss全部損失Itisclassifiedinto2kinds:1.ActualTotalLoss:實(shí)際全損Itmeansthattheinsuredsubjectmatteristotallyandirretrievablylost.2.ConstructiveTotalLoss:推定全損Itisestimatedthattheactualtotallossofcargoisinevitableorthecostofsalvageorrecoverycouldhaveexceedthevalueofthecargo.(二)Partialloss單獨(dú)海損1.GeneralAverage:共同海損Itreferstoacertainspecialsacrificeandextraexpenseintentionallyincurredforthegeneralinterestsoftheshipowner,theinsurer,andtheownersofthevariouscargoesabroadtheship.返回目錄2.Particularaverage:單獨(dú)海損Itmeansthataparticularcargoisdamagedbyanycauseandthedegreeofthedamagedoesnotreachatotalloss,i.e.,onlyapartialloss,whichshallbebornebytheownerofthisindividualconsignment.三、Maritimecharges海上費(fèi)用(一)Sueandlaborcharges:施救費(fèi)用Itshallbecoveredbytheinsurer.(二)Salvagecharges:救助費(fèi)用Accordingtotherelativelaws,theinsurershallpaytothesalvor.Butthereisaprinciple,i.e.,“nocure-nopay”.返回目錄四、Extraneousrisks:外來(lái)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和和損失Itincludestheft,freshandrainwaterdamage,shortage,leakage,sweatingandheating,intermixtureandcontamination,odor,hookdamage,breakageofpacking,rusting,etc.第二節(jié)ChinaInsuranceClauses我國(guó)海運(yùn)貨貨物保險(xiǎn)條條款一、ThecontentsofCIC(CIC條款的內(nèi)容容)(一)Basicrisks：基本險(xiǎn)別Itincludesthreeconditions:Freefromparticularaverage(F.P.A.)平安險(xiǎn)返回目錄２、Withparticularaverage(W.P.A.)水漬險(xiǎn)Itcoverspartiallossduetovileweather,lightning,tsunami,earthquakeand/orfloodaswellastheriskscoveredunderF.P.A.conditionasmentionedabove.３、Allrisks:一切險(xiǎn)AsidefromtheriskscoveredundertheF.P.A.andW.A.conditionsasabove,thisinsurancealsocoversallrisksoflossesordamagetotheinsuredgoodswhetherpartialortotal,arisingfromexternalcausesinthecourseoftransit.返回目錄（二）Additionalrisks附加險(xiǎn)Thiskindofriskcan’tbecoveredindependently;theyshallbeunderwrittendependingononekindofthebasicrisks.1、Generaladditionalrisks一般附加險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)2、Specialadditionalrisks特殊附加險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)返回目錄第六章國(guó)國(guó)際貨物的的收付Payment第一節(jié)InstrumentofPurchasePrice支付工具一、Billofexchange匯票㈠Thedefinitionandcontentsofbillofexchange匯票的定義義Abillofexchangeisanunconditionalorderinwriting,addressedbyonepersontoanother,signedbythepersongivingit,requiringthepersontowhomitisaddressedtopayondemand,oratafixedordeterminablefurthertime,asumcertaininmoneyto,ortotheorderof,aspecifiedperson,ortoanybearer.返回目錄㈡Partiestoabillofexchange匯票的當(dāng)事事人1.Thedrawer:出票人Thepersonwhodrawsthebillofexchangeandheisusuallytheexporterorhisbankerinimportorexporttrade.2.Thedrawee:付款人Thepersonwhoistopaythemoneyandheisusuallytheimporterortheappointedbankerunderaletterofcreditinimportandexporttrade.3.Thepayee:受款人Thepersonwhoistoreceivethemoney,hemaybe,andoftenis,thesamepersonasthedrawerandheisusuallytheexporterhimselforhisappointedbankerinbusinessorhemaybethebearerofthebill.返回目錄㈢Classificationofthebillofexchange匯票票的的分分類類1.Accordingtothedrawer,itisdividedinto2kinds:banker’sdraftandcommercialdraft.(銀行行匯匯票票和和商商業(yè)業(yè)匯匯票票)2.Accordingtowhetheraccompaniedwithshippingdocuments,itcanbeclassifiedinto2kinds:cleanbillanddocumentarybill.(光票票和和跟跟單單匯匯票票)3.Accordingtothetimeofpayment,itisdividedinto2kinds:sightbillandtimebillorusancebill.(即期期匯匯票票和和遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)期期匯匯票票)返回回目目錄錄二、、PromissoryNote:本票票㈠Thedefinitionandcontentsofthepromissorynote:本票票的的定定義義Apromissorynoteisanunconditionalpromiseinwritingmadebyonepersontoanothersignedbythemaker,engagingtopay,ondemandoratafixedordeterminablefuturetime,asumcertaininmoneyto,ortoaorderof,aspecifiedpersonortoabearer.㈡Classificationofthepromissorynote本票的分類Promissorynoteisclassifiedintobanknoteandcommercialnote.Banknoteisissuedbythebank;butcommercialnoteisissuedbythebusinessortheperson.返回目錄三、Cheque支票Achequeisanunconditionalorderinwritingdrawnonabankersignedbythedrawer,requiringthebankertopayondemandasumcertaininmoneytoortotheorderofspecifiedpersonortoabearer.Itisdividedintocashchequeandtransfercheque;crossedchequeandnon-crossedcheque.第二節(jié)Modeofpayment支付方式一、Remittance匯付㈠Thedefinitionandpartiesofremittance匯付的定義及及其當(dāng)事人1.Remittancemeansthatthebuyerremitsmoneytothesellerthroughabankonhisowninitiative.返回目錄2.PartiesofremittancelRemitterlPayeeorbeneficiarylPayingbanklRemittingbank㈡Classificationofremittance匯付的分類Remittanceisclassifiedintothreekinds:1.Mailtransfer(M/T):(信匯)2.Telegraphictransfer(T/T)(電匯)3.Demanddraft(D/D):(票匯)返回目錄二、Collection托收㈠Thedefinitionandpartiesofcollection托收的定義和和當(dāng)事人1.Collectionmeansthattheexporteraskshisbanktoarrangefortheacceptanceorpaymentofthebilloverseas,andthebankwillcarryhistaskthroughit’sownbranchofficeabroadoracorrespondentbank.2.Partiesinvolvedincollection托收所涉及的的當(dāng)事人lTheremittingbank托收銀行l(wèi)Thecollectingbank代收銀行l(wèi)Thepayerorimporter進(jìn)口商lPresentingbank提示行返回目錄㈡Kindsofcollection托收的種類1.Collectiononcleanbill:(光票托收)Itmeansthattheexportercollectsthepurchasepriceagainstthedraftonly,withoutanyshippingdocumentsattachedthereto.ThismethodisusuallyusedincollectingbalanceunderL/C,advance,commissionandcostsofsamples.2.Collectionondocumentarybill:(跟單托收)⑴Documentagainstpayment(D/P):付款交單lD/Patsight:即期付款交單單.lD/Paftersight:遠(yuǎn)期付款交單單⑵Documentsagainstacceptance(D/A):承兌交單返回目錄三、Letterofcredit(L/C)信用證Themostcommonlyusedmethodofpaymentinthefinancialbusinessofinternationaltradeistheletterofcreditwhichisareliableandssafemethodofpayment,facilitatingtradebetweenunknownpartiesandgivingprotectiontoboththesellerandthebuyer.㈠Thenatureoftheletterofcredit:信用證的性質(zhì)質(zhì)Theletterofcreditistheguaranteethattheissuingbankgivestothebeneficiary,ifthebeneficiarycarriesoutcontractaccordingtotheL/C,theissuingbankshallpay.㈡Thefeatureoftheletterofcredit:信用證的特征征1.Itisakindofbankcredit.2.Itisaself-sufficientdocument.3.Itisadocumentdeal.返回目錄㈢KindsofL/C信用證的種類類1.Accordingtowhetherthedraftisaccompaniedwiththeshippingdocument,L/Cisdividedinto2kinds:lDocumentaryL/C:跟單信用證Thebillofexchangeshouldbeaccompaniedwithshippingdocuments.lCleanL/C:光票信用證Thebillofexchangeisn’taccompaniedwithshippingdocuments.2.Accordingtotheresponsibilitiesthattheissuingbank