英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)閱讀技巧

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解部分

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解閱讀的廣泛理解

知識(shí)的源泉，能力的根本

———利用閱讀打天下，無(wú)往不勝篇章閱讀

------尋找可能的技巧閱讀理解新四級(jí)考試的閱讀部分主要分為快速閱讀和深度（仔細(xì)）閱讀兩個(gè)部分。深度閱讀包括選詞填空與題意選擇兩種題型,閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)占全卷的35%.閱讀理解(40mins)35%快速閱讀15深度閱讀2525%篇章詞匯10%篇章閱讀15%10%篇章閱讀要求

選材來(lái)源命題來(lái)源NewScientistNewsweekTheNewYorkTimesTimeTheWashingtonPost大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)考試命題委員會(huì)篇章閱讀要求體裁方面議論文說(shuō)明文新聞評(píng)述記敘文題材方面人文科學(xué)自然科學(xué)題材評(píng)述

梳理把握廣泛多樣的題材，是“知己知彼”的第一步。以下是近五年閱讀命題題材分布情況。文化教育2007.6學(xué)習(xí)寫(xiě)作

2007.12遠(yuǎn)程教育

2009.12大學(xué)招聘美國(guó)高層管理人才原因科技環(huán)保2008.6全球變暖

2009.6環(huán)保時(shí)裝，一滴水一個(gè)世界

2010.6黑匣子的功能熱點(diǎn)新聞2007.6性別歧視題材評(píng)述

經(jīng)濟(jì)商貿(mào)2006.12瓶裝水的成功推廣

2008.12商店如何應(yīng)對(duì)顧客投訴生命健康2006.12健康新解

2008.12男性比女性更易得病社會(huì)生活2008.6保護(hù)隱私

2007.12子女教育

2009.12美國(guó)黑人女性形象

2010.6正面思維與負(fù)面思維

2010.12人們工作角色轉(zhuǎn)變的原因婚姻與長(zhǎng)壽識(shí)別文體說(shuō)明文（最常見(jiàn)）第一句通常為主題句結(jié)構(gòu)：提出問(wèn)題—分析問(wèn)題—解決問(wèn)題格式：比較，對(duì)照，分類(lèi)，列舉。。。Tip.抓住文章主題，同時(shí)把握個(gè)層次的要點(diǎn)。議論文論點(diǎn)---論據(jù)Tips.抓住論點(diǎn)，論據(jù)，明確作者論證方法是歸納還是演繹抓住表示因果because,asaresult,therefore，遞進(jìn)moreover,inaddition，轉(zhuǎn)折but,however等的信號(hào)詞注意作者使用的表達(dá)贊同反對(duì)等感情色彩的形容詞，副詞或句型。詞匯要求1.題干中的關(guān)鍵詞有50%能在原文中找到，還有一小部分是同義詞替換。（定位原文）08.165refinethestory---correctthestory2.定位原文后，不一定能直接找到答案，很多時(shí)候是同義替換A．背高頻詞匯（復(fù)用單詞一詞多義一詞多性）B。加強(qiáng)同義替換意識(shí)同義替換的重要性:1.找出答案位置需要同義替換意識(shí)2.得出正確答案需要同義替換意識(shí)Example:ThesuccessofBillGatesandothernon-MBAs,suchasthelateSamWaltonofWal-MartStoresInc.,hashelpedinspireself-consciousdebatesonbusinessschoolcampusesovertheworth…Q.itseemsthatthecontroversyoverthevaluesofMBAdegreeshasbeenfueledby__________.Controversy---debatefueled---inspired2.Farmingemergedasasurvivalstrategybecausemanhadbeenobliged_______.原文：…,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifeforaradicallynewsurvivalstrategy.Answer:togiveuptheirformerwayoflife攻克長(zhǎng)難句常常涉及考點(diǎn)，所以不能跳過(guò)略過(guò)。會(huì)影響我們整體閱讀的流暢性突破長(zhǎng)難句：四級(jí)閱讀中的很多句子都比較長(zhǎng)，很多句子都在20個(gè)單詞以上，它們不時(shí)的出沒(méi)于四級(jí)閱讀中，構(gòu)成了一個(gè)個(gè)obstacle。其中，1995年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試閱讀理解的第三篇文章的第三句話長(zhǎng)達(dá)80個(gè)詞，句子結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜程度不亞于GRE閱讀，現(xiàn)展示如下：

Inthepastourownblocksofflatshavebeenassociatedwiththelower-incomegroupsandtheyhavelackedtheobviousprovisions,

suchascentralheating,constanthotwatersupply,electricallyoperatedliftsfromtoptobottom,andsoon,aswellas

suchdetails，importantnotwithstanding(然而),aseasyfacilitiesfordisposalofdustandrubbishandstorageplacesforbabycarriagesonthegroundfloor,playgroundsforchildrenonthetopofthebuildings,anddryinggroundsforwashing.長(zhǎng)難句從真題一篇閱讀理解的首句也可以看出四級(jí)閱讀中部分句子的結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜程度。

Abreakthrough(突破)﹝intheprovisionofenergyfromthesunfortheEuropeanEconomicCommunity(EEC歐共體)﹞couldbebroughtforward﹝byuptotwodecades,ifamodestincreasecouldbeprovidedintheEEC’sresearcheffortinthisfield,accordingtoseniorEECscientistsengagedinexperimentsinsolarenergyatEEC’sscientificlaboratoriesatIspra,nearMilan.﹞長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)用的原則：修飾成分全找出來(lái)之后，用括號(hào)把每個(gè)修飾成分括起來(lái)，留在括號(hào)外面的就是主干．然后，按照一般順序，謂語(yǔ)在前，賓語(yǔ)（或表語(yǔ)）在后，這樣我們就有了主謂賓（或主系表）的主干結(jié)構(gòu)了．最后把修飾成分按對(duì)應(yīng)的位置加上去，整個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)就把握住了。長(zhǎng)難句常涉及的類(lèi)型1.雙重否定句負(fù)負(fù)得正，把兩個(gè)表示否定的結(jié)構(gòu)都去掉。No,not,hardly,seldom,neverlittle,few,small應(yīng)注意的詞根詞綴de-/dis-/un-/in-Thereareprobablynoquestions(that)wecanthinkupthatcan’tbeanswered,soonerorlater,includingeventhematterofconsciousness.Answer:Mancanfindsolutionssoonerorlatertowhateverquestionsconcerningnaturehecanthinkup.長(zhǎng)難句常涉及的類(lèi)型

2.分詞做狀語(yǔ)類(lèi)（主干，現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞）Eg.1MotivatedinpartbyChristiancompassionforthehelplessaswellasapracticalpoliticalimpulsetoundercutthesupportofthesocialistlabormovement,ChancellorBismarckcreatedtheworld’sfirstworkers’compensationlawin1884.Motivatedby-------Chancellor（總理大臣）BismarkQ:Theworld’sfirstcompensationlawwasintroducedbyBismark______________Answer:outofreligiousandpoliticalconsiderations.解決方法：理清主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)關(guān)系。一般來(lái)說(shuō)現(xiàn)在分詞與主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系；而過(guò)去分詞與主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

長(zhǎng)難句常涉及的類(lèi)型3.定語(yǔ)從句類(lèi)規(guī)律：找真正的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，如果定語(yǔ)從句修飾主語(yǔ)，找第二個(gè)可以做謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，第一個(gè)是屬于定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。Tips.先括出定語(yǔ)從句部分，跳出從句，抓住主干再解題。長(zhǎng)難句常涉及的類(lèi)型4.倒裝句類(lèi)類(lèi)型1）only/notonly/nor/neither在句首2）介詞短語(yǔ)在句首較難Example:Alongwiththemgoessocialmobility,ambitiontoriseintheurbanworld,amainfactorinbringingdownthebirthsinEuropeinthe19thcentury.找主語(yǔ)alongwith----prepthem---objectiveformso,socialmobility后面兩個(gè)同位語(yǔ)Tips:分析詞性找出謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)，將主語(yǔ)調(diào)至謂語(yǔ)之前再理解文章。長(zhǎng)難句涉及的類(lèi)型

5.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型Itis…that應(yīng)對(duì)方法：多訓(xùn)練，熟悉句式，把讀到過(guò)的四級(jí)文章中的所有的看不懂的長(zhǎng)難句全部總結(jié)起來(lái)，摘抄到一個(gè)本子上面，翻譯。當(dāng)翻譯到100句的時(shí)候，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)難句不過(guò)那么五六種。當(dāng)看到101句的時(shí)候，你會(huì)馬上給它歸類(lèi)。篇章閱讀方法整體閱讀法（先看文章后做題）優(yōu)點(diǎn)：全局感或整體感缺點(diǎn)：記不住細(xì)節(jié)，找答案費(fèi)時(shí)間查找閱讀法（適合段落較多文章）讀完第一段做第一題，做完第一題讀第二題，帶著問(wèn)題去讀第二段優(yōu)點(diǎn)：符合題文同序的出題原則缺點(diǎn)：不適合主旨題和全文態(tài)度題兩者結(jié)合：1.略讀全文，把握文章大意2m(將注意力放在文章的主題句、關(guān)鍵詞等部分。其余內(nèi)容如具體論述、細(xì)節(jié)、數(shù)字等則可以跳過(guò)不讀。)2.根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞定位原文3.以原文為依據(jù)，進(jìn)行同義替換、判斷推理。2+4+4略讀文章讀題干（選項(xiàng)）做題

命題考點(diǎn)及規(guī)律

1、列舉處?？剂信e處指的是First,…，second,…，Third,…等逐步列出，然后要求考生從列舉出的內(nèi)容中，選出符合題干要求的答案項(xiàng)。該考點(diǎn)常出題型是"細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題"。

命題考點(diǎn)及規(guī)律2.強(qiáng)調(diào)處、絕對(duì)處、最高處theonly…only在句首做狀語(yǔ)Itis…that…mustall,anyone,never,most,sole,just,simply,unique08.666612010.658best2010.661only命題考點(diǎn)及規(guī)律

3、舉例子打比喻的地方?？紴榱耸棺约旱挠^點(diǎn)更有說(shuō)服力、更加明確，作者經(jīng)常用具體的例子打比方，句中常由as,suchas,forexample,forinstance,asanillustration,thatis,tonameafew,asfollows等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或句子作為舉例句，這些例句或比喻成為命題者提問(wèn)的焦點(diǎn)?？忌枳⒁獾氖抢踊虮扔饕话闶呛臀恼禄蚨温渲行木o密相關(guān)的，常以“細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)性”題型和“推斷性”題型出現(xiàn)，但偏傾于“推斷性”題型。關(guān)注其前或后總結(jié)性的句子.答案基本符合“中心思想即是答案的解題思路”命題考點(diǎn)及規(guī)律

4.特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)處破折號(hào)，冒號(hào)，引號(hào)等作者為了正確表達(dá)出自己觀點(diǎn)或使論點(diǎn)更有依據(jù)，常常引用某名人的論斷或重要發(fā)現(xiàn)等。命題者常在此作文章。多以“推理性”題為主，有時(shí)也出“細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)性”題型。例．"Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrewupandleavehomewhenthey're18,andthetruthisfarfromthat,"sayssociologistLarryBumpersoftheUniversityofWisconsin….Q:TherewasapparentlyatrendintheUSA________命題考點(diǎn)及規(guī)律

5、轉(zhuǎn)折處與強(qiáng)對(duì)比處常考

however,nevertheless,incontrast,otherwise,ontheotherhand,bycomparison,but,yet,while,although,whereas,evenif,likewise,similarly,inthesameway,inthesamemanner,asif,as2010.659命題考點(diǎn)及規(guī)律

6.主題句處段首段尾處主旨題、態(tài)度題較多7.因果關(guān)系處信號(hào)詞forthisreason,for,as,because,since,asaresultof,owingto,thanksto,dueto,asaresult,therefore,consequently,thus,accordingly,so命題考點(diǎn)及規(guī)律8.定義結(jié)論處Inmyopinion,myviewis,asIsee,conclude通?？疾槲恼碌闹行挠^點(diǎn)或引用的觀點(diǎn)9.數(shù)字年代處關(guān)注數(shù)字、年份常出現(xiàn)于細(xì)節(jié)題命題考點(diǎn)及規(guī)律

10.復(fù)雜句?？紡?fù)雜句常是命題者出題之處，包括同位語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、長(zhǎng)句后半句，從句、不定式、副詞等，命題者主要考查考生對(duì)句子之間指代關(guān)系。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，備選項(xiàng)的長(zhǎng)度不會(huì)超過(guò)15個(gè)單詞，這就意味著長(zhǎng)難句中的大部分信息只是起干擾作用。要找到真正與答題相關(guān)的信息，關(guān)鍵在于根據(jù)題干信息在長(zhǎng)難句的內(nèi)部進(jìn)行定位，然后從備選項(xiàng)中找出意思一致的答案。ExampleButmyownworryislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading…………..32.Theauthor’sbiggestconcernis____.Concern-worrybiggest—less…thanD.thereadingabilityandreadingbehaviorofthemiddleclass.↓

↓

skill

actofreading正確答案特征(一)答案項(xiàng)中有絕對(duì)語(yǔ)氣詞的一般不是正確答案項(xiàng)

這些語(yǔ)氣詞有：must,always,never,themost,all,only,haveto,any,no,very,completely,none,hardly等。例(1)Oneofthegreatchangesbroughtaboutbytheknowledgesocietyisthat_____A.thedifferencebetweentheemployeeandtheemployerhasbecomeinsignificant.B.people'straditionalconceptsaboutworknolongerholdtrue.C.mostpeoplehavetotakepart-timejobs.D.peoplehavetochangetheirjobsfromtimetotime.(分析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，C、D兩項(xiàng)中都含有"haveto"，語(yǔ)氣太絕對(duì)化，一般被排除?？忌谑Ｏ聝身?xiàng)中進(jìn)行選擇，就大大降低了難度。)正確答案特征（二）選項(xiàng)中含有不十分肯定的語(yǔ)氣詞一般是正確答案項(xiàng)。這些語(yǔ)氣詞有：can,could,may,should,usually,might,most(大多數(shù))，moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,possible,whetheror,notnecessarily等。

例（1）Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelieves_______A．AmericansaremoreambitiousthanpeopleinothercountriesB.inmanycountriessuccessoftendependsonone'ssocialstatusC.AmericanbusinessesaremoredemocraticthanthoseinothercountriesD.businessesinothercountriesarenotascompetitiveasthoseinAmerica(分析：選項(xiàng)B中often一詞，語(yǔ)氣委婉，不十分肯定，故為答案。而其它三項(xiàng)中所表達(dá)出的語(yǔ)氣都明顯絕對(duì)化。)

正確答案特征（三）選項(xiàng)中照抄原文的一般不是答案項(xiàng)，而同義替換的一般是選項(xiàng)。例（1）AccordingtoDr.David,Americans______A．a(chǎn)reideallyvigorousevenunderthepressureoflifeB.oftenneglecttheconsequencesofsleepdeficitC.donotknowhowtorelaxthemselvesproperlyD.cangetby(應(yīng)對(duì))on6.5hoursofsleep(分析：答案項(xiàng)中A、D兩項(xiàng)基本上是原文中句子的原現(xiàn)，故被排除。B項(xiàng)中有often一詞，語(yǔ)氣委婉，不十肯定，故為答案。)

正確答案特征（四）較全面、有針對(duì)性地表達(dá)文章中心思想的，選項(xiàng)一般是答案項(xiàng)。例（1）whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?A．Musicalinstrumentsdevelopedthroughtheyearswillsoonerorlaterbereplacedbycomputers.B.Musiccan'tbepassedontofuturegenerationsunlessit'srecorded.C.Folksongscan'tbespreadunlesstheyareprintedonmusicsheet.D.thedevelopmentofmusiccultureishighlydependentonitsmaterialaspect.(分析：根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容可以看出，A、B、C三項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容都只是從某一個(gè)方面闡述了一種觀點(diǎn)，而D項(xiàng)句子所表達(dá)的意思就較全面，高度囊括了全篇短文的主旨。)

正確答案特征（五）選項(xiàng)中表達(dá)意義較具體的、膚淺的（字面意思）一般不是答案項(xiàng)，而概括性的、抽象的、含義深刻的是答案項(xiàng)。Eg.FromthepassageitcanbeseenthatemployeeshiphelpsoneA．tobemoresuccessfulinhiscareerB.tosolvetechnicalproblemsC.tobemorespecializedinhisfieldD.todevelophisprofessionalskill（分析：題意是"從文中看出員工素質(zhì)有助于人們...。"B"解決技術(shù)問(wèn)題"；C"深化專(zhuān)業(yè)"；D項(xiàng)"發(fā)展職業(yè)技能"。這三項(xiàng)表達(dá)的意思都比較具體，而A項(xiàng)則概括地有深度，包括了B、C、D三項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。）

正確答案特征（六）選項(xiàng)中較符合常識(shí)的,易明白的一般不是選項(xiàng)；而似乎不太合理，一時(shí)較難理解的往往是正確選項(xiàng)。

例（2）Raisingchildren,intheauthor'sopinion,is_____.A．a(chǎn)moraldutyB.athanklessjobC.arewardingtaskD.asourceofinevitablepain

（分析：題目問(wèn)的是，“依作者觀點(diǎn)，撫養(yǎng)孩子是”。依據(jù)我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钏勊?jiàn)，撫養(yǎng)孩子就是A.“一種道德責(zé)任”B.“不求回報(bào)的工作”。我們都覺(jué)得撫養(yǎng)孩子是人生義務(wù)，是天經(jīng)地義的。這兩項(xiàng)太熟悉了，因而一般不是答案。而C項(xiàng)“有回報(bào)的任務(wù)"，似乎不太合人情味、合乎常識(shí)。但這樣的選項(xiàng)就是答案。D項(xiàng)有inevitable一詞，語(yǔ)氣太絕對(duì)化，故排除掉。）

正確答案特征（總結(jié)）1.經(jīng)常與中心有關(guān)2.位置：和復(fù)雜句，長(zhǎng)難句，轉(zhuǎn)折句有關(guān)，或是段首句、段尾句09.1586208.6576508.6636408.158613.原則：同義替換正話反說(shuō)反話正說(shuō)09.1626608.6654.語(yǔ)氣：不肯定語(yǔ)氣詞委婉表達(dá)用詞Maymightpossiblenotnecessarily5.具有概括性和深刻性08.1622010.6Passage.2Samplepassage09.1

Ifyouareamaleandyou’rereadingthis,congratulations:youaresurvivor.Accordingtostatistics,you’remorethantwiceslikelytodieofskincancerthanawoman,andninetimesmorelikelytodieofAIDS.Assumingyoumakeittotheendofyounaturalterm,about78yearsformeninAustralia,you’lldieonaveragefivesyearsbeforeawoman.Samplepassage09.1

There’remanyreasonsforthis---typically,mentakemorerisksthanwomenandasmorelikelytodrinkandsmoke---butperhapsmoreimportantly,mendon’tgotothedoctor.“Menaren’tseeingdoctorsasoftenastheyshould,”saysDr.Gullotta.“thisisparticularlysofortheover-40s,whendiseasestendtostrike.”

Gullottasaysahealthymanshouldvisitthedoctoreveryyearortwo.Forthoseover45,itshouldbeatleastonceayear.Samplepassage09.1

TwomonthsagoGullottasawa50-year-oldmanwhohaddelayeddoinganythingabouthissmoker’scoughforayear.“WhenIfinallysayhimithadalreadyspreadandhehassincediedforlungcancer,”hesays.”Earlierdetectionandtreatmentmaynothavecuredhim,butitwouldhaveprolonged(延長(zhǎng))hislife.”Samplepassage09.1

Accordingtoarecentsurvey,95%womenagedbetween15andearly40sseeadoctoronceayear,comparedto70%ofmeninthesameagegroup.“Alotofmethinkthey’reinvincible(不可戰(zhàn)勝的)”。Gullottasays.“Theyonlycomeinwhenafrienddropsdeadonthegolfcourseandtheythink,‘Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim…’”Samplepassage09.1

Thenthere’stheostrichapproach.”Somemenarescaredofwhatmightbethereandwouldrathernotknow,”saysDr.RossCartmill.“mostmengettheircarsservicedmoreregularlythantheyservicetheirbodies,”Carmillsays.Hebelievesmostdiseasesthatcommonlyaffectmencouldbeaddressedbypreventivecheck-ups.Samplepassage09.1

Regularcheck-upsformenwouldinevitablyplacestrainonthepublicpurse,Carmillsays.“Butpreventionischeaperinthelongrunthanhavingtotreatthedisease.Besides,theultimatecostisfargreater:it’scalledprematuredeath.”Samplepassage09.1

57.whydoestheauthorcongratulatehismalereadersatthebeginningofthispassage?Theyaremorelikelytosurviveseriousdiseasetoday.Theyaveragelifespanhasbeenconsiderablyextended.TheyhavelivedlongenoughtoreadthisarticleTheyaresuretoenjoyalongerandhappierlife.58.whatdoestheauthorstateisthemostimportantreasonmendiefiveyearsearlieronaveragethanwomen?A.Mendrinkandsmokemuchmorethanwomen.B.Mendon’tseekmedicalcareasoftenaswomenC.Men

are’tascautiousaswomeninfaceofdanger.D.Menaremorelikelytosufferfataldiseases.59.Whichofthefollowingbestcompletesthesentence”Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim,…”(Line2,para.8)Itcouldhappentome,too.IshouldavoidplayinggolfIshouldconsidermyselfluckyItwouldbeabigmisfortune.60.WhatdoesDr.RossCartmillmeanby“theostrichapproach”(Line1,para.9)Acasualattitudetowardsone’shealthconditionsAnewtherapyforcertainpsychologicalproblemsRefusaltogetmedicaltreatmentforfearofthepaininvolved.Unwillingnesstofindoutaboutone’sdiseasebecauseoffear.61.WhatdoseCartmillsayaboutregularcheck-upsformen?Theymayincreaspublicexpenses.TheywillsavemoneyinthelongrunTheymaycausepsychologicalstrainsonmenTheywillenablementoliveaslongaswomen篇章閱讀要求題型介紹事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題推理判斷題語(yǔ)義理解題主旨大意題觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題通常從一個(gè)句子中找到答案

提問(wèn)方式：靈活多樣，涉及短文的各種細(xì)節(jié)，如時(shí)間

地點(diǎn)原因結(jié)果方式等理解要點(diǎn)：

具體信息和概念性含義解題步驟：

定位分析和選項(xiàng)分析事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題步驟：1.準(zhǔn)確定位

1）關(guān)鍵詞---A。專(zhuān)有名詞（人名，地名）B。比較明顯的描述性詞匯C。副詞、形容詞，尤其一些程度詞，比較詞。D.特殊印刷字體及其同義替換Eg.1Accordingtothepassage,peopleoftenwronglybelievethatinpursuingacareerasamanager__________.原文：Afewcommonmisconceptions.Beautyisonlyskin-deep.One’sphysicalassets…don’tcountallthatmuchinamanagerialcareer…..（makeeverydaycount）Eg.2Theauthorendsthepassagewiththeimplicationthat______.Starts.Why---middle(putforwardquestion---analyze---solve)solution—end2)順序定位

例：36.。。。。theyears1976---197837.WhatinfluencesthebirthratemostintheUnitedStatesis…(theUS整個(gè)選材依據(jù)，不能作為關(guān)鍵詞).38.Thesentence“”(Line4,Para2)

事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題2.選項(xiàng)分析同義替換（很少原文照搬）B.aperson’soutwardappearanceisnotacriticalqualification.

排除干擾項(xiàng)

----聯(lián)系主題事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題干擾項(xiàng)特征：

1）偷梁換柱越像的越不對(duì)十個(gè)單詞有九個(gè)與原文一致，只有一個(gè)不一樣。

2）他處細(xì)節(jié)Theideaof“improvementfactor”(para.3line8)impliesroughly:A.wagesshouldbepaidonthebasisoflengthofservice(P.3,L.7)B.(P.3,L.8)C.(P.3,L2)D.(P.2,L6)距離遠(yuǎn)的免談。A,C.D細(xì)節(jié)題的?？键c(diǎn)舉例、列舉處。關(guān)鍵詞：forexample,suchas,firstly,ontheotherhand,inaddition…notonly…butalso

例證題example看不懂沒(méi)關(guān)系，收索例證周?chē)鷧^(qū)域，10%向下，90%向上

Eg.

Itiseasiertonegotiateinitialsalaryrequirementbecauseonce…Onething,however,iscertain:yourchancesofgettingtheraiseyoufeelyoudeservearelessifyoudon’tatleastaskforit.Mentendtoaskformore,andtheygetmore,andthisholdstruewithotherresources,notjustpayincrease.ConsiderBeth’sstory:

IdidnotgetwhatIwantedwhenIdidn’taskforit….58.WhatcanbeinferredfromBeth’sstory?A.Ifpeoplewantwhattheydeserve,theyhavetoaskforitl

細(xì)節(jié)題的?？键c(diǎn)

特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)處如引號(hào)、冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)

08.164

2007.1622006.6652006.16207.1原文Aswehaveseen,thefocusofmedicalcareinoursocietyhasbeenshiftingfromcuringdiseasetopreventingdisease---especiallyintermsofchangingourmanyunhealthybehavior,suchaspooreatinghabits,smoking,andfailuretoexercise….62.Todaymedicalcareisplacingmorestresson____.A.keepingpeopleinahealthyphysicalconditionB.Monitoringpatients’bodyfunctionsC.Removingpeople’sbadlivinghabits.D.Ensuringpeople’spsychologicalwell-being.

細(xì)節(jié)題的?？键c(diǎn)

指代關(guān)系關(guān)鍵詞如：it,thatthesethosethey08.157例：08.1原文

Byalmostanymeasure,thereisaboominInternet-basedinstruction.Injustafewyears,34percentofAmericanuniversitieshavebegunofferingsomeformofdistancelearning.Andamongthelargerschools,it’scloserto90percent.Ifyoudoubtthepopularityofthetrend,youprobablyhaven’theardoftheUniversityofPhoenix.Itgrantsdegreesentirelyonthebasisofonlineinstruction.Itenrolls90,000students,statisticusedtosupportitsclaimtobethelargestuniversityinthecountry.57.WhatisthemoststrikingfeatureoftheUniversityofPhoenix?A.Allitscoursesareofferedonline.B.Itsonlinecoursesareofthebestquality.C.Itboaststhelargestnumberofstudentsoncampus.D.Anyonetakingitsonlinecoursesissuretogetadegree.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比之后的觀點(diǎn)。關(guān)鍵詞：but,however,rather,yet,instead09.158,616263….2010.60，62。。。08.6原文…whenopinionpollsaskAmericansaboutprivacymostsaytheyareconcernedaboutlosingit…Butpeoplesayonethinganddoanother,OnlyatinyfractionofAmericanschangeanybehaviorsinanefforttopreservetheirprivacy.65.WhatdomostAmericansdowithregardtoprivacyprotection?Theychangebehaviorsthatmightdisclosetheiridentity.Theyusevariousloyaltycardsforbusinesstransactions.Theyrelymoreandmoreonelectronicdevices.Theytalkalotbuthardlydoanythingaboutit.強(qiáng)調(diào)處only…08.66608.159比較處more…than…less….than…most07.660事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題強(qiáng)調(diào)處only…08.66608.159(primarily)例08.6原文Butprivacydoesmatter—atleastsometimes.It’slikehealth;whenyouhaveit,youdon’tnoticeit.Onlywhenit’sgonedoyouwishyou’ddonemoretoprotectit.66.Accordingtothepassage,privacyislikehealthinthat____.Peoplewillmakeeveryefforttokeepit.Itsimportanceisrarelyunderstood.It’ssomethingthatcaneasilybelost.Peopledon’tcherishituntiltheyloseit.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題比較處more…than…less….than…most07.66009.161原文：(10.12)Eveniftheoddsarestackedagainstyou(一切對(duì)你不利),marriagecanmorethancompensate.LindaWaitehasfoundthatamarriedoldermanwithheartdiseasecanexpecttolivenearlyfouryearslongerthananunmarriedmanwithahealthyheart.Q.LindaWaite’sstudiessupporttheideathat___.C.marriagecanhelpmakeupforillhealth.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題關(guān)鍵詞：同義替換對(duì)四級(jí)細(xì)節(jié)題的總結(jié)：

1、答案不跨段。

2、90%根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位。10%利用題目的順序。

3、考點(diǎn)不重復(fù)。推理判斷題這類(lèi)題不會(huì)直接出現(xiàn)在文中，需根據(jù)字里行間的含義通過(guò)邏輯推理來(lái)判斷

判斷方式判斷內(nèi)容

1上下文的連貫1原因結(jié)果觀點(diǎn)立場(chǎng)

2有關(guān)部分暗示2數(shù)字知道邏輯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)問(wèn)題：1whatconclusioncanbedrawnforthepassage？2Fromthepassagewecanconclude------3Wecaninferfromthepassage------4Thepassageseemstoindicatethat------5whichofthefollowingistruefromthepassage----推理判斷題

tips:1.1）通過(guò)題干返回原文

2）根據(jù)選項(xiàng)返回原文(題干中無(wú)具體的關(guān)鍵詞)2.一般要圍繞文中的一兩個(gè)重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行推理，如文章主題，段落主題。根據(jù)原文意思進(jìn)行判斷。若有一選項(xiàng)與原文意思一模一樣，必定是正確答案。（意思而不是表達(dá)方式一模一樣。表達(dá)方式通常是同義詞替換）3。不要想得太多，推得過(guò)遠(yuǎn)，關(guān)鍵是理解原文。推理的兩點(diǎn)總結(jié)：

conclude—1、如果該詞在第一題，通?？嘉恼轮黝}。2、如果該詞在中間題，通?？贾虚g段落的主題。3、如果該詞在第五題，通常考文章主題或者最后一段的主題。

infer—1、如果用該詞提問(wèn)的題目，題干的信息比較多，比較具體，則利用細(xì)節(jié)題的方法來(lái)解。2、如果題干的信息不多，不具體，則利用文章主題或段落主題找答案。例06.1原文Ina2001studyof158hospitalnurses,thosewhofacedconsiderableworkdemandsbutcopedwiththechallengeweremorelikelytosaytheywereingoodhealththanthosewhofelttheycouldn’tgetthejobdone.59.Wecanconcludefromthestudyofthe158nursesin2001that_____.Peoplewhocan’tgettheirjobdoneexperiencemorestressDoingchallengingworkmaybegoodforone’shealth.Stresswillweakenthebody’sdefenseagainstgerms.Peopleunderstresstendtohaveapoormemory.06.661Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.66.WhatdowelearnaboutAnaCastrofromthelastparagraph?2010.1266.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastpara?推理判斷題本質(zhì)都是細(xì)節(jié)題拋開(kāi)自己主觀判斷，自己就是一張白紙，任由作者在自己身上開(kāi)始寫(xiě)。所有一切按文章走。一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)題對(duì)應(yīng)一句話。一個(gè)推理題對(duì)應(yīng)的可能是一句話，也可能是一個(gè)段落，甚至一篇文章。圍繞文章主題或段落主題進(jìn)行推理。06.661Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat____.66.WhatdowelearnaboutAnaCastrofromthelastparagraph?08.162Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?07.6666307.15706.1656609.16310.666語(yǔ)義理解題語(yǔ)義理解題就是對(duì)生詞、句子或短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，需要考生推斷考點(diǎn)的近義含義或引申含義。提問(wèn)方式：1“---”isusedinthepassagetoreferto“---”2Theword“---”mostprobablymeans____.3accordingtotheauthor,“---”mostprobablymeans_____.語(yǔ)義理解題

Thenthereistheostrichapproach,”somemenarescaredofwhatmightbethereandwouldrathernotknow,”saysDr.RossCartmill.60WhatdoesDr.RossCartmillmeanby“theostrichapproach”(lineqpara.9)A.acasualattitudetowardsone’shealthconditionsB.anewtherapyforcertainpsychologicalproblemsC.refusaltogetmedicaltreatmentforfearofthepaininvolvedD.unwillingnesstofindoutaboutone’sdiseasebecauseoffear語(yǔ)意理解題命題點(diǎn)1.考察生僻詞：結(jié)合文章整體分析，與主題保持邏輯上一致的就是答案2.考查常用詞。選項(xiàng)中常見(jiàn)、常用意思往往不是答案3.考查代詞：緊密跟蹤上下文，順藤摸瓜解題依據(jù)：上下文意義；并列邏輯與轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯體現(xiàn)出來(lái)的同義關(guān)系或反義關(guān)系；篇章中對(duì)詞的定義闡釋?zhuān)粯?gòu)詞法語(yǔ)意理解題Eg.(2010.12)原文：Itisprettymuchaone-waystreet.Whileitmaybecommonforuniversityresearcherstotrytheirluckinthecommercialworld,thereisverylittletrafficintheoppositedirection.Payhasalwaysbeenthebiggestdeterrent,aspeoplewithfamiliesoftenfeeltheycannotaffordthedropinsalarywhenmovingtoauniversityjob.57.By“aone–waystreet”,theauthormeans____.B.fewindustrialscientistswouldquittoworkinanindustry.58.Theword“deterrent”mostprobablyreferstosomethingthat_____.A.bringssomeoneafinancialburdenB.helpstomovethetrafficC.keepssomeonefromtakingactionD.attractspeople’sattention.雖為語(yǔ)意題，但仍需結(jié)合上下文細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行判斷。語(yǔ)意理解題

07.657.Whentheauthorsaysthecreativemindandthecriticalmind“cannotworkinparallel”(line.4.Para.1)inthewritingprocess,hemeans____.

原文：

whileyouneedtoemploybothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterho